TEDxHouston
Dan Phillips: Creative houses from reclaimed stuff
Dan Phillips：利用回收材料建造新型房屋
Filmed:
Readability: 3.4
1,315,406 views
在这个TEDxHouston（休斯顿）有趣且深刻的演讲中，建筑师Dan Phillips给我们介绍了很多他在Texas（得克萨斯州）利用回收材料非常有创造性得建造房屋。睿智，不需要复杂技术的设计细节将带给你创新的体验。
Dan Phillips - Builder
Dan Phillips builds homes out of recycled and reclaimed materials in Huntsville, Texas. Full bio
Dan Phillips builds homes out of recycled and reclaimed materials in Huntsville, Texas. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
(Applause)
0
1000
6000
（掌声）
00:22
Thank you very much.
1
7000
2000
非常感谢。
00:24
I have a few pictures,
2
9000
2000
我有一些图片，
00:26
and I'll talk a little bit about
3
11000
2000
而且我会谈些
00:28
how I'm able to do what I do.
4
13000
2000
我怎么能够做成我现在所从事的事情。
00:30
All these houses are built
5
15000
2000
这些房子都是用
00:32
from between 70 and 80 percent recycled material,
6
17000
3000
百分之七十到八十的回收材料建成的，
00:35
stuff that was headed to the mulcher, the landfill, the burn pile.
7
20000
3000
像是处理到土壤上，垃圾掩埋，燃烧坑。
00:38
It was all just gone.
8
23000
2000
这些都过去了。
00:40
This is the first house I built.
9
25000
2000
这是我建造的第一个房子。
00:42
This double front door here with the three-light transom
10
27000
3000
这个双门带着一个三个透光口的门楣，
00:45
that was headed to the landfill.
11
30000
2000
是从垃圾填埋场获得的。
00:47
Have a little turret there.
12
32000
2000
那是个小塔楼。
00:49
And then these buttons on the corbels here.
13
34000
3000
看阶梯状的屋檐边得几个按钮 -
00:52
Right there --
14
37000
2000
就在那里 -
00:54
those are hickory nuts.
15
39000
2000
那些是山核桃果。
00:56
And these buttons there --
16
41000
2000
那里的按钮，
00:58
those are chicken eggs.
17
43000
2000
是鸡蛋。
01:00
Of course, first you have breakfast,
18
45000
3000
当然，你要先吃早餐，
01:03
and then you fill the shell full of Bondo and paint it and nail it up,
19
48000
3000
然后你用Bondo将蛋壳填充，画上图形并且固定好，
01:06
and you have an architectural button
20
51000
2000
然后你在很少的时间内
01:08
in just a fraction of the time.
21
53000
2000
就完成了一个建筑用的按钮了。
01:10
Then, this is a look at the inside.
22
55000
2000
这是内部的样子。
01:12
You can see the three-light transom there
23
57000
2000
你能看到那里三个透光口的门楣
01:14
with the eyebrow windows --
24
59000
2000
和眉窗 -
01:16
certainly an architectural antique
25
61000
2000
当然是古典的建筑。
01:18
headed to the landfill.
26
63000
2000
从垃圾填埋场获得的。
01:20
Even the lockset is probably worth 200 dollars.
27
65000
2000
甚至这个锁可能也值200美元。
01:22
Everything in the kitchen was salvaged.
28
67000
2000
厨房里所有的东西都是回收来的。
01:24
There's a 1952 O'Keefe & Merritt stove,
29
69000
2000
这是1952年的O'Keefe & Merritt的灶台，
01:26
if you like to cook -- cool stove.
30
71000
3000
如果你喜欢烹饪的话 - 很好的灶台。
01:29
This is going up into the turret.
31
74000
2000
登上楼。
01:31
I got that staircase for 20 dollars,
32
76000
3000
我用20美元买的楼梯，
01:34
including delivery to my lot.
33
79000
3000
包括运费。
01:37
(Laughter)
34
82000
3000
（笑声）
01:40
Then, looking up in the turret,
35
85000
2000
然后，在塔楼向上看，
01:42
you see there are bulges and pokes and sags and so forth.
36
87000
3000
你看到凹凸不平的设计。
01:45
Well, if that ruins your life,
37
90000
2000
如果这破坏了你的生活，
01:47
well then you shouldn't live there.
38
92000
2000
你不应当住在那里。
01:49
(Laughter)
39
94000
2000
（笑声）
01:51
This is a laundry chute,
40
96000
2000
这是洗衣房，
01:53
and this right here is a shoe last.
41
98000
3000
右面的最后是鞋楦。
01:56
And those are those cast-iron things you see at antique shops.
42
101000
2000
那些铁制东西是古董店中的才能看到的东西。
01:58
So I had one of those,
43
103000
2000
所以我弄了其中的一个，
02:00
so I made some low-tech gadgetry, there,
44
105000
2000
所以我做了几个简单的小玩意
02:02
where you just stomp on the shoe last
45
107000
2000
就在你踩在鞋楦的那个地方，
02:04
and then the door flies open, you throw your laundry down.
46
109000
3000
门就打开，你可以将你要洗的衣服扔下去。
02:07
And then if you're smart enough, it goes on a basket on top of the washer.
47
112000
3000
然后如果你够聪明的话，会到洗衣机上面的篮子里。
02:10
If not, it goes into the toilet.
48
115000
3000
否则，会到马桶里。
02:13
(Laughter)
49
118000
2000
（笑声）
02:15
This is a bathtub I made,
50
120000
2000
这是我做的浴缸，
02:17
made out of scrap two-by-four here.
51
122000
2000
用二乘四的废料做成的。
02:19
Started with a rim there
52
124000
2000
先是弄出个轮廓
02:21
and then glued and nailed it up into a flat,
53
126000
2000
然后粘起来固定成一个平面，
02:23
corbelled it up and flipped it over,
54
128000
2000
支撑起来，再翻过来，
02:25
then did the two profiles on this side.
55
130000
2000
然后再在这一边弄两个面。
02:27
It's a two-person tub.
56
132000
2000
这是一个两人用的浴缸。
02:29
After all, it's not just a question of hygiene,
57
134000
3000
毕竟，这不仅仅是卫生的问题，
02:32
but there's a possibility of recreation as well.
58
137000
2000
而也是一种娱乐的可能。
02:34
(Laughter)
59
139000
3000
（笑声）
02:37
Then, this faucet here
60
142000
3000
这个水龙头
02:40
is just a piece of Osage Orange.
61
145000
2000
是桑橙树的一部分。
02:42
It looks a little phallic,
62
147000
2000
这看起来有些像生殖器，
02:44
but after all, it's a bathroom.
63
149000
2000
但毕竟这只是个浴室。
02:46
(Laughter)
64
151000
3000
（笑声）
02:49
Then, this is a house based on a Budweiser can.
65
154000
2000
这是一个建立在百威啤酒瓶基础上的房子。
02:51
It doesn't look like a can of beer,
66
156000
2000
这看上去并不像是啤酒瓶，
02:53
but the design take-offs are absolutely unmistakable.
67
158000
2000
但是从设计上是完全无误的。
02:55
The barley hops design worked up into the eaves,
68
160000
3000
啤酒花的设计直到屋檐下，
02:58
then the dentil work comes directly off the can's red, white, blue and silver.
69
163000
4000
然后白色的部分直接从瓶子的红色，白色，蓝色和银色部分分离出来。
03:02
Then, these corbeles going down underneath the eaves
70
167000
2000
这些阶梯顺着屋檐向下
03:04
are that little design that comes off the can.
71
169000
2000
都是从瓶子外观想到的小设计。
03:06
I just put a can on a copier
72
171000
2000
我只把瓶子放在复印机上
03:08
and kept enlarging it until I got the size I want.
73
173000
3000
持续地放大直到得到我想要的尺寸。
03:11
Then, on the can it says,
74
176000
2000
然后，瓶子上写着，
03:13
"This is the famous Budweiser beer, we know of no other beer, blah, blah, blah."
75
178000
4000
“这是著名的百威啤酒，我们不知道有其他的啤酒，怎么样...怎么样。”
03:17
So we changed that and put, "This is the famous Budweiser house.
76
182000
3000
所以我们改变成，“这是著名的百威房子。
03:20
We don't know of any other house," and so forth and so on.
77
185000
3000
我们不知道有其他这样的房子，”怎么样...怎么样。
03:23
Then, this is a deadbolt. It's a fence from a 1930s shaper,
78
188000
2000
这是门拴。曾经是1930年成型机的围栏，
03:25
which is a very angry woodworking machine.
79
190000
3000
用木工机器。
03:28
And they gave me the fence, but they didn't give me the shaper,
80
193000
3000
他们给了我这个围栏，但是他们没给我成型机，
03:31
so we made a deadbolt out of it.
81
196000
2000
所以我们用它做了个门拴。
03:33
That'll keep bull elephants out, I promise.
82
198000
2000
这可以将强壮的大象拦在外面，我保证。
03:35
And sure enough, we've had no problems with bull elephants.
83
200000
3000
并且确定的是，我们不会跟强壮的大象有矛盾。
03:38
(Laughter)
84
203000
2000
（笑声）
03:40
The shower is intended to simulate a glass of beer.
85
205000
3000
这个淋浴是模仿一瓶酒。
03:43
We've got bubbles going up there, then suds at the top with lumpy tiles.
86
208000
3000
泡沫从那里上去，然后是有着泡沫的破碎的瓷砖。
03:46
Where do you get lumpy tiles? Well, of course, you don't.
87
211000
3000
我们是从哪里得到这些瓷砖的呢？当然，你得不到。
03:49
But I get a lot of toilets, and so you just dispatch a toilet with a hammer,
88
214000
3000
但是我有很多卫生间，所以你就用锤子打坏一个卫生间，
03:52
and then you have lumpy tiles.
89
217000
3000
然后你就有破碎的瓷砖了。
03:55
And then the faucet, there,
90
220000
2000
那里的水龙头
03:57
is a beer tap.
91
222000
2000
是一个啤酒栓子。
03:59
(Laughter)
92
224000
2000
（笑声）
04:01
Then, this panel of glass
93
226000
2000
然后这种玻璃面板
04:03
is the same panel of glass
94
228000
2000
跟美国中产阶级家的正门所用的
04:05
that occurs in every middle-class front door in America.
95
230000
3000
玻璃面板一样。
04:08
We're getting tired of it. It's kind of cliched now.
96
233000
3000
我们觉得现在这有点俗。
04:11
So if you put it in the front door, your design fails.
97
236000
3000
所以如果你将它放到正门，你的设计就失败了。
04:14
So don't put it in the front door; put it somewhere else.
98
239000
2000
所以不要放到正门，而是放到其他的什么地方。
04:16
It's a pretty panel of glass.
99
241000
2000
这是块很好的玻璃面板。
04:18
But then if you put it in the front door,
100
243000
2000
但是如果你放到正门，
04:20
people say, "Oh, you're trying to be like those guys, and you didn't make it."
101
245000
3000
人们会说，“你在模仿其他人，不是你设计的。”
04:23
So don't put it there.
102
248000
2000
所以不要放到那里。
04:26
Then, another bathroom upstairs.
103
251000
2000
楼上还有一个浴室。
04:28
This light up here is the same light that occurs
104
253000
3000
浴室的灯是跟
04:31
in every middle-class foyer in America.
105
256000
2000
在每一个美国中产家庭的门厅里的灯一模一样。
04:33
Don't put it in the foyer.
106
258000
2000
所以不要放到门厅里。
04:35
Put it in the shower, or in the closet,
107
260000
2000
要放到浴室里，或者壁橱里，
04:37
but not in the foyer.
108
262000
2000
但是不要放到门厅里。
04:40
Then, somebody gave me a bidet, so it got a bidet.
109
265000
3000
有人给了我一个浴盆，所以我就放了个浴盆。
04:43
(Laughter)
110
268000
3000
（笑声）
04:46
This little house here,
111
271000
2000
这个小房子，
04:48
those branches there are made out of Bois D'arc or Osage Orange,
112
273000
3000
这些树枝是用桑橙树做成的，
04:51
and these pictures will keep scrolling
113
276000
2000
这些图片持续滚动
04:53
as I talk a little bit.
114
278000
2000
在我说话的时候。
04:55
In order to do what I do,
115
280000
2000
为了做我在做的事情，
04:57
you have to understand
116
282000
2000
你必须明白
04:59
what causes waste in the building industry.
117
284000
2000
是什么制造了建筑业的废料。
05:01
Our housing has become a commodity,
118
286000
3000
我们的房屋变成了商品，
05:04
and I'll talk a little bit about that.
119
289000
2000
我要简单地说下这个。
05:06
But the first cause of waste is probably even buried in our DNA.
120
291000
3000
但是造成废物的第一个原因可能就在我们DNA里埋藏着。
05:09
Human beings have a need for maintaining consistency
121
294000
2000
人类需要保持连续性
05:11
of the apperceptive mass.
122
296000
2000
为了别人的感知。
05:13
What does that mean?
123
298000
2000
这是什么意思呢？
05:15
What it means is, for every perception we have,
124
300000
2000
这是说，对于我们的每个感觉，
05:17
it needs to tally with the one like it before,
125
302000
2000
这需要和之前的相吻合，
05:19
or we don't have continuity,
126
304000
2000
否则我们将失去连续性，
05:21
and we become a little bit disoriented.
127
306000
2000
并且我们将变得失去方向。
05:23
So I can show you an object you've never seen before.
128
308000
3000
所以我给你们看一个你们之前没见过的东西。
05:26
Oh, that's a cell phone.
129
311000
2000
这是个手机。
05:28
But you've never seen this one before.
130
313000
3000
但是你之前从没见过。
05:31
What you're doing
131
316000
2000
你现在做的
05:33
is sizing up the pattern of structural features here,
132
318000
2000
就是扩大这个结构，
05:35
and then you go through your databanks -- brrrr, cell phone.
133
320000
3000
然后从你的数据库中知道这是个手机。
05:38
Oh, that's a cell phone.
134
323000
2000
这是个手机。
05:40
If I took a bite out of it,
135
325000
2000
如果我拿走一部分，
05:42
you'd go, "Wait a second.
136
327000
3000
你会说，“等一下。
05:45
That's not a cell phone.
137
330000
2000
那不是个手机。
05:47
That's one of those new chocolate cell phones."
138
332000
2000
那是新型巧克力手机的一种。”
05:49
(Laughter)
139
334000
2000
（笑声）
05:51
And you'd have to start a new category,
140
336000
2000
你需要创造一个新的类别，
05:53
right between cell phones and chocolate.
141
338000
2000
在手机和巧克力之间。
05:55
That's how we process information.
142
340000
3000
这是我们处理信息的方式。
05:58
So you translate that to the building industry,
143
343000
2000
所以你可以这样理解建筑业，
06:00
if we have a wall of windowpanes and one pane is cracked,
144
345000
2000
如果我们有一面玻璃窗，其中的一扇窗子坏了，
06:02
we go, "Oh, dear. That's cracked. Let's repair it.
145
347000
3000
我们说，“天啊。这个坏了。修吧。
06:05
Let's take it out. Throw it away so nobody can use it and put a new one in."
146
350000
3000
扔掉这个，这样没人能够再用它并装上个新的。”
06:08
Because that's what you do with a cracked pane.
147
353000
3000
因为这是你处理破窗户的方式。
06:11
Never mind that it doesn't affect our lives at all.
148
356000
3000
但是这并不影响我们的生活。
06:14
It only rattles that expected pattern
149
359000
2000
这只是影响了我们期待的图案
06:16
and unity of structural features.
150
361000
3000
和结构的统一。
06:19
However, if we took a small hammer,
151
364000
2000
但是，如果我们拿一个小锤子，
06:21
and we added cracks to all the other windows,
152
366000
3000
在其他窗户上都加上裂缝，
06:24
then we have a pattern.
153
369000
3000
我们就有了图案。
06:27
Because Gestalt Psychology emphasizes recognition of pattern
154
372000
3000
因为完全形态心理学强调对于图案的认知
06:30
over parts that comprise a pattern.
155
375000
2000
而不是组成图案的部分。
06:32
We'll go, "Ooh, that's nice."
156
377000
2000
我们会说，“这很好。”
06:34
So, that serves me every day.
157
379000
3000
所以，这是我每天所做的。
06:37
Repetition creates pattern.
158
382000
2000
重复创造了图案。
06:39
If I have a hundred of these, a hundred of those,
159
384000
2000
如果我有一百个这些，一百个那些，
06:41
it doesn't make any difference what these and those are.
160
386000
2000
这并不影响这个或那个是什么。
06:43
If I can repeat anything, I have the possibility of a pattern
161
388000
3000
如果我可以重复任何事，我就能够创造图案，
06:46
from hickory nuts and chicken eggs, shards of glass, branches.
162
391000
3000
从山核桃果和鸡蛋，玻璃片，树枝中。
06:49
It doesn't make any difference.
163
394000
2000
这并没改变什么。
06:51
That causes a lot of waste in the building industry.
164
396000
2000
这造成了建筑业中很多的废料。
06:53
Second is, Friedrich Nietzsche along about 1885
165
398000
3000
第二，Friedrich Nietzsche在1885年
06:56
wrote a book titled "The Birth of Tragedy."
166
401000
3000
写了本书叫“悲剧的产生”。
06:59
And in there he said
167
404000
2000
在书里他说
07:01
that cultures tend to swing between one of two perspectives.
168
406000
2000
文化在两种看法中徘徊。
07:03
On the one hand, we have an Apollonian perspective,
169
408000
3000
一方面，我们有阿波罗的看法，
07:06
which is very crisp and premeditated
170
411000
2000
非常清楚而且规定好的
07:08
and intellectualized
171
413000
2000
并且是理智的
07:10
and perfect.
172
415000
3000
而且是完美的。
07:13
On the other end of the spectrum, we have a Dionysian perspective,
173
418000
3000
另一方面，我们有酒神的看法，
07:16
which is more given to the passions and intuition,
174
421000
3000
更多得强调感情和直觉，
07:19
tolerant of organic texture and human gesture.
175
424000
3000
对自然的结构和人类习俗的容忍。
07:22
So the way the Apollonian personality takes a picture,
176
427000
3000
所以用阿波罗特性的方式拍照片，
07:25
or hangs a picture,
177
430000
2000
或者挂个照片，
07:27
is they'll get out a transit
178
432000
2000
是很细致
07:29
and a laser level and a micrometer.
179
434000
3000
微妙的。
07:32
"Okay, honey. A thousandth of an inch to the left.
180
437000
2000
“好的，亲爱的。向左千分之一英尺。
07:34
That's where we want the picture. Right. Perfect."
181
439000
2000
这是我们拍照片的地方。对。好极了。”
07:36
Predicated on plumb level, square and centered.
182
441000
3000
建立在好的基础，正方正中。
07:39
The Dionysian personality
183
444000
2000
酒神的特性
07:41
takes the picture and goes ...
184
446000
3000
只是找个照片……
07:44
(Laughter)
185
449000
4000
（笑声）
07:48
That's the difference.
186
453000
2000
那就是不同之处。
07:50
I feature blemish.
187
455000
2000
我描述污点。
07:52
I feature organic process.
188
457000
2000
我描述有机过程 -
07:54
Dead-center John Dewey.
189
459000
3000
正好是John Dewey。
07:57
Apollonian mindset creates mountains of waste.
190
462000
3000
阿波罗的看法创造了大量的废料。
08:00
If something isn't perfect,
191
465000
2000
如果有什么东西不完美，
08:02
if it doesn't line up with that premeditated model, dumpster.
192
467000
3000
如果跟预期的模型吻合，扔掉。
08:05
"Oops, scratch, dumpster."
193
470000
2000
“呃，有划痕，扔掉。
08:07
"Oops" this, "oops" that. "Landfill. Landfill. Landfill."
194
472000
3000
这个，那个。垃圾。垃圾。垃圾。”
08:10
The third thing is arguably --
195
475000
3000
第三件事是值得商榷的 -
08:13
the Industrial Revolution started in the Renaissance
196
478000
2000
工业革命开始于文艺复兴
08:15
with the rise of humanism,
197
480000
2000
和人文主义的兴起
08:17
then got a little jump-start along about the French Revolution.
198
482000
3000
然后导致了法国革命。
08:20
By the middle of the 19th century, it's in full flower.
199
485000
2000
19世纪中期，这些在蓬勃发展。
08:22
And we have dumaflages and gizmos
200
487000
3000
然后我们有了各种各样的东西
08:25
and contraptions that will do anything
201
490000
3000
可以做任何事情
08:28
that we, up to that point,
202
493000
2000
那些我们，直到那个时候，
08:30
had to do my hand.
203
495000
2000
需要自己动手做的东西。
08:32
So now we have standardized materials.
204
497000
2000
所以现在我们有标准化的东西。
08:34
Well, trees don't grow two inches by four inches,
205
499000
3000
树不是长在两英寸乘四英寸的范围内
08:37
eight, ten and twelve feet tall.
206
502000
2000
不是八英尺，10英尺和12英尺那样高。
08:39
We create mountains of waste.
207
504000
2000
我们创造了大量的废料。
08:41
And they're doing a pretty good job
208
506000
2000
他们就被扔在
08:43
there in the forest,
209
508000
2000
森林里，
08:45
working all the byproduct of their industry --
210
510000
2000
和工业的副产品 -
08:47
with OSB and particle board and so forth and so on --
211
512000
3000
还有定向结构刨花板和碎木板等等 -
08:50
but it does no good
212
515000
2000
但是这并没有
08:52
to be responsible at the point of harvest in the forest
213
517000
3000
对采伐森林负责
08:55
if consumers are wasting the harvest at the point of consumption,
214
520000
3000
如果消费者们浪费掉这些用以消耗的伐木，
08:58
and that's what's happening.
215
523000
2000
那就是现在发生的事情。
09:00
And so if something isn't standard,
216
525000
2000
如果有一些事情不符合标准，
09:02
"Oops, dumpster." "Oops" this. "Oops, warped."
217
527000
3000
“垃圾。这个， 变形了。”
09:05
If you buy a two-by-four and it's not straight,
218
530000
2000
如果你要二乘四的而不是直的，
09:07
you can take it back.
219
532000
2000
你可以将它取回来。
09:09
"Oh, I'm so sorry, sir. We'll get you a straight one."
220
534000
2000
“对不起。我们会给你做个直的。”
09:11
Well I feature all those warped things
221
536000
3000
我把这些变形了的东西，
09:14
because repetition creates pattern,
222
539000
2000
因为重复创造图案，
09:16
and it's from a Dionysian perspective.
223
541000
2000
这是从酒神的角度来说。
09:18
The fourth thing
224
543000
2000
第四件事
09:20
is labor is disproportionately more expensive than materials.
225
545000
3000
是劳动力不成比例得比材料贵得多。
09:23
Well, that's just a myth.
226
548000
2000
这只是个事情。
09:25
And here's a story: Jim Tulles, one of the guys I trained,
227
550000
3000
现在是个故事：Jim Tulles，我训练的一个人，
09:28
I said, "Jim, it's time now.
228
553000
2000
我说，“Jim，现在是时候了。
09:30
I got a job for you as a foreman on a framing crew. It's time for you to go."
229
555000
3000
我为你找了个构架队的工头职务。你现在可以去了。”
09:33
"Dan, I just don't think I'm ready."
230
558000
2000
“Dan，我不认为我准备好了。”
09:35
"Jim, now it's time. You're the down, oh."
231
560000
3000
“Jim，现在是时候了。你要走了。”
09:38
So we hired on.
232
563000
2000
然后我们开始了。
09:40
And he was out there with his tape measure
233
565000
2000
他在外面用他的皮尺
09:42
going through the trash heap, looking for header material,
234
567000
2000
在垃圾堆里寻找顶梁的材料 -
09:44
which is the board that goes over a door,
235
569000
2000
就是门上的木板 -
09:46
thinking he'd impress his boss -- that's how we taught him to do it.
236
571000
2000
想着他能令老板刮目相看 - 这是我们教他的。
09:48
And the superintendent walked up and said, "What are you doing?"
237
573000
3000
主管走过去说，“你在做什么？”
09:51
"Oh, just looking for some header material,"
238
576000
2000
“只是找些顶梁的材料”，
09:53
waiting for that kudos.
239
578000
2000
等待赞誉。
09:55
He said, "No, no. I'm not paying you to go through the trash. Get back to work."
240
580000
3000
他说，“不，不。我不是雇你在垃圾里找东西。回去工作。”
09:58
And he had the wherewithal to say,
241
583000
2000
他很必要地说，
10:00
he said, "You know, if you were paying me
242
585000
2000
他说，“你知道，如果你付我
10:02
300 dollars an hour,
243
587000
2000
300美元一小时，
10:04
I can see how you might say that,
244
589000
2000
我能够想像你会这样说，
10:06
but right now, I'm saving you five dollars a minute.
245
591000
3000
但是现在，我每分钟为你节省了5美元。
10:09
Do the math."
246
594000
2000
自己算算吧”
10:11
(Laughter)
247
596000
2000
（笑声）
10:13
"Good call, Tulles. From now on, you guys hit this pile first."
248
598000
3000
“好的，Tulles。从现在开始，你们先从这堆开始。”
10:16
And the irony is that he wasn't very good at math.
249
601000
3000
具有讽刺意味的是他并不擅长数学。
10:19
(Laughter)
250
604000
3000
（笑声）
10:22
But once in a while you get access to the control room,
251
607000
2000
有些时候当你去控制室时，
10:24
and then you can kind of mess with the dials.
252
609000
2000
你要处理电话。
10:26
And that's what happened there.
253
611000
3000
这就是在那里发生的故事。
10:29
The fifth thing is that maybe, after 2,500 years,
254
614000
2000
第五件事是可能2500年后，
10:31
Plato is still having his way with us in his notion of perfect forms.
255
616000
3000
柏拉图关于完美形式的表述仍然适用。
10:34
He said that we have in our noggin
256
619000
2000
他说我们对于想要什么的完美的想法
10:36
the perfect idea of what we want,
257
621000
3000
就在我们的脑子里，
10:39
and we force environmental resources to accommodate that.
258
624000
3000
我们利用自然资源来实现它。
10:42
So we all have in our head the perfect house,
259
627000
2000
所以我们想象着完美的房子，
10:44
the American dream, which is a house,
260
629000
2000
美国梦，是个房子 -
10:46
the dream house.
261
631000
2000
梦想中的房子。
10:48
The problem is we can't afford it.
262
633000
2000
问题是我们负担不起。
10:50
So we have the American dream look-alike,
263
635000
2000
所以我们的美国人的梦都差不多，
10:52
which is a mobile home.
264
637000
2000
是个活动房子。
10:54
Now there's a blight on the planet.
265
639000
3000
现在星球上有些阴影。
10:57
It's a chattel mortgage,
266
642000
2000
这是动产抵押
10:59
just like furniture, just like a car.
267
644000
2000
就像家具，就象汽车。
11:01
You write the check, and instantly it depreciates 30 percent.
268
646000
3000
你付款后马上就贬值百分之三十。
11:04
After a year, you can't get insurance on everything you have in it,
269
649000
2000
一年之后，保险就没了，
11:06
only on 70 percent.
270
651000
2000
只有百分之七十。
11:08
Wired with 14-gauge wire typically.
271
653000
2000
一般是用标号14的电线。
11:10
Nothing wrong with that,
272
655000
2000
这没什么错，
11:12
unless you ask it to do what 12-gauge wire's supposed to do,
273
657000
2000
除非你要求用标号12的线，
11:14
and that's what happens.
274
659000
2000
这是正在发生的事情。
11:16
It out-gasses formaldehyde so much so
275
661000
2000
由于大量的甲醛释放导致
11:18
that there is a federal law in place
276
663000
3000
联邦法律
11:21
to warn new mobile home buyers
277
666000
2000
向新的移动房屋的购买者
11:23
of the formaldehyde atmosphere danger.
278
668000
3000
警告存在的甲醛危险。
11:26
Are we just being numbingly stupid?
279
671000
2000
我们是否这么蠢呢？
11:28
The walls are this thick.
280
673000
2000
墙只有这么厚。
11:30
The whole thing has the structural value of corn.
281
675000
3000
整个就只有玉米的结构价值。
11:33
(Laughter)
282
678000
2000
（笑声）
11:35
"So I thought Palm Harbor Village was over there."
283
680000
2000
“所以我认为Palm Harbor村庄在那里。”
11:37
"No, no. We had a wind last night.
284
682000
2000
“不。昨晚上刮了风。
11:39
It's gone now."
285
684000
2000
现在没了。”
11:41
(Laughter)
286
686000
3000
（笑声）
11:44
Then when they degrade, what do you do with them?
287
689000
3000
然后质量降低了，你该怎么办呢？
11:47
Now, all that,
288
692000
2000
现在，
11:49
that Apollonian, Platonic model,
289
694000
3000
阿波罗，柏拉图的模型，
11:52
is what the building industry is predicated on,
290
697000
3000
是建筑业的前提，
11:55
and there are a number of things that exacerbate that.
291
700000
2000
然后还有一些事情加剧着这个。
11:57
One is that all the professionals,
292
702000
3000
一个是所有的从业者，
12:00
all the tradesmen, vendors,
293
705000
2000
所有的零售商，供应商，
12:02
inspectors, engineers, architects
294
707000
2000
检验者，工程师，建筑师
12:04
all think like this.
295
709000
2000
都这样想。
12:06
And then it works its way back to the consumer,
296
711000
2000
最后又回到了消费者
12:08
who demands the same model.
297
713000
2000
他们需要同样的模型。
12:10
It's a self-fulfilling prophecy. We can't get out of it.
298
715000
3000
这是一个自我加固的循环。我们走不出去。
12:13
Then here come the marketeers and the advertisers.
299
718000
3000
然后就是商人和广告商。
12:16
"Woo. Woohooo."
300
721000
2000
“啊。啊。”
12:18
We buy stuff we didn't know we needed.
301
723000
3000
我们买了我们并不需要的东西。
12:21
All we have to do is look at
302
726000
2000
我们所需要做的就是看着
12:23
what one company did with carbonated prune juice.
303
728000
2000
一个公司如何销售西梅味的汽水。
12:25
How disgusting.
304
730000
2000
真恶心。
12:27
(Laughter)
305
732000
2000
（笑声）
12:29
But you know what they did? They hooked a metaphor into it
306
734000
2000
但是你认为他们干了什么呢？他们用个比喻
12:31
and said, "I drink Dr. Pepper ..."
307
736000
2000
说道，“我喝着Pepper博士……”
12:33
And pretty soon, we're swilling that stuff by the lake-ful,
308
738000
3000
很快的我们就开始畅饮这种饮料，
12:36
by the billions of gallons.
309
741000
2000
数几十亿加仑。
12:38
It doesn't even have real prunes. Doesn't even keep you regular.
310
743000
3000
它并不含有真正的西梅 - 更不会使你正常的。
12:41
(Laughter)
311
746000
2000
（笑声）
12:43
My oh my, that makes it worse.
312
748000
2000
这是更糟的了。
12:45
And we get sucked into that faster than anything.
313
750000
3000
我们在这个事情上停滞不前的速度比在任何其他事上都要快。
12:48
Then a man named Jean-Paul Sartre wrote a book
314
753000
2000
一个人叫Jean-Paul Sartre写了这本书
12:50
titled "Being and Nothingness."
315
755000
2000
叫“存在和不存在”。
12:52
It's a pretty quick read.
316
757000
2000
只是一个快速阅读。
12:54
You can snap through it in maybe two years
317
759000
3000
两年内能够读完，
12:57
if you read eight hours a day.
318
762000
3000
如果一天读8个小时。
13:00
In there he talked about the divided self.
319
765000
2000
书中他谈论了分裂的性格。
13:02
He said human beings act differently when they know they're alone
320
767000
3000
他说人们在独处的时候和跟同别人在一起时
13:05
than when they know somebody else is around.
321
770000
2000
会表现得不一样。
13:07
So if I'm eating spaghetti, and I know I'm alone,
322
772000
3000
所以如果我在吃意大利面，我知道只有我一个人的时候，
13:10
I can eat like a backhoe.
323
775000
2000
我可以狼吞虎咽。
13:12
I can wipe my mouth on my sleeve, napkin on the table,
324
777000
3000
我可以用袖子擦嘴 - （虽然）餐巾纸就在桌上，
13:15
chew with my mouth open, make little noises,
325
780000
3000
张着嘴咀嚼，发出声音，
13:18
scratch wherever I want.
326
783000
2000
想吃什么就吃什么。
13:20
(Laughter)
327
785000
2000
（笑声）
13:22
But as soon as you walk in,
328
787000
2000
但是当你进来时，
13:24
I go, "Ooh. Spaghetti sauce there."
329
789000
2000
我会这样，“意大利面汁在那里。”
13:26
Napkin in my lap, half bites,
330
791000
2000
将餐巾纸放在腿上，半口嚼，
13:28
chew with my mouth closed, no scratching.
331
793000
2000
闭着嘴吃饭，不随意挑东西吃。
13:30
Now what I'm doing
332
795000
2000
我现在做的
13:32
is fulfilling your expectations
333
797000
3000
就是满足你们的期望
13:35
of how I should live my life.
334
800000
3000
关于我如何来过我的生活。
13:38
I feel that expectation,
335
803000
2000
我感觉到这种期望，
13:40
and so I accommodate it,
336
805000
2000
所以我会实现它，
13:42
and I'm living my life according to what you expect me to do.
337
807000
3000
我的生活是根据你们对我的期望而定。
13:45
That happens in the building industry as well.
338
810000
2000
这在建筑业也是一样。
13:47
That's why all of our subdivisions look the same.
339
812000
3000
这是为什么我们的小区看上去都一样。
13:50
Sometimes we even have
340
815000
2000
有时我们甚至
13:52
these formalized cultural expectations.
341
817000
2000
有固定文化的需求。
13:54
I'll bet all your shoes match.
342
819000
2000
我打赌你们的鞋都相配。
13:56
Sure enough, we all buy into that,
343
821000
3000
当然，我们都这样，
13:59
and with gated communities,
344
824000
3000
对于封闭式小区，
14:02
we have a formalized expectation
345
827000
2000
我们也有固定的看法
14:04
with a homeowners association.
346
829000
2000
对于户主协会。
14:06
Sometimes those guys are Nazis,
347
831000
2000
有时那些人像是纳粹，
14:08
my oh my.
348
833000
2000
天啊。
14:11
That exacerbates and continues this model.
349
836000
3000
这个加剧并且继续着这种模型。
14:14
The last thing is gregariousness.
350
839000
3000
最后一个是社交性。
14:17
Human beings are a social species.
351
842000
2000
人类是群居物种。
14:19
We like to hang together in groups,
352
844000
2000
我们喜欢在群体中，
14:21
just like wildebeests, just like lions.
353
846000
2000
就像牛羚，就像狮子。
14:23
Wildebeests don't hang with lions
354
848000
2000
牛羚不会和狮子呆在一起
14:25
because lions eat wildebeests.
355
850000
2000
因为狮子吃牛羚。
14:27
Human beings are like that.
356
852000
2000
人类也是这样。
14:29
We do what that group does
357
854000
2000
我们做群体所做的事情
14:31
that we're trying to identify with.
358
856000
2000
为了表示我们的归属。
14:33
And so you see this in junior high a lot.
359
858000
3000
这些在初中很常见。
14:36
Those kids, they'll work all summer long,
360
861000
3000
那些孩子，他们会工作一个夏天，
14:39
kill themselves,
361
864000
2000
很辛苦，
14:41
so that they can afford
362
866000
2000
为了能够买
14:43
one pair of designer jeans.
363
868000
2000
一条品牌牛仔裤，
14:45
So along about September
364
870000
2000
这样在9月
14:47
they can stride in and go,
365
872000
2000
他们能够大步走进去，
14:49
"I'm important today.
366
874000
2000
“今天我感觉我很重要。
14:51
See, look, don't touch my designer jeans.
367
876000
2000
看，不要碰我的品牌牛仔裤。
14:53
I see you don't have designer jeans.
368
878000
3000
我知道你没有品牌牛仔裤。
14:56
You're not one of the beautiful people.
369
881000
2000
你不属于那些漂亮的人之一。
14:58
See, I'm one of the beautiful people. See my jeans?"
370
883000
3000
看，我属于那些漂亮的人之一。看见我的牛仔裤吗？”
15:01
Right there is reason enough to have uniforms.
371
886000
3000
确实有理由统一着装。
15:04
And so that happens in the building industry as well.
372
889000
3000
这在建筑业也一样。
15:07
We have confused
373
892000
2000
我们有一点
15:09
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
374
894000
2000
混淆了
15:11
just a little bit.
375
896000
2000
马斯洛的需求层次。
15:13
On the bottom tier
376
898000
2000
最底层的
15:15
we have basic needs --
377
900000
2000
是我们最基本的需求 -
15:17
shelter, clothing, food, water, mating and so forth.
378
902000
3000
庇护处，衣服，食物，水，交配等等。
15:20
Second, security. Third, relationships.
379
905000
3000
第二层，安全。第三层，关系。
15:23
Fourth, status, self-esteem -- that is, vanity.
380
908000
3000
第四层，身份，自尊 - 这是虚无的。
15:26
And we're taking vanity and shoving it down here.
381
911000
3000
我们将虚无的放到最低下。
15:29
And so we end up
382
914000
3000
所以我们得到了
15:32
with vain decisions
383
917000
2000
一些没有意义的决定
15:34
and we can't even afford our mortgage.
384
919000
2000
和我们无法偿还的贷款，
15:36
We can't even afford to eat anything except beans.
385
921000
3000
我们无法负担的除了豆子之外的东西。
15:39
That is, our housing
386
924000
2000
那就是，我们的房子
15:41
has become a commodity.
387
926000
2000
变成了商品，
15:43
And it takes a little bit of nerve
388
928000
3000
然后一点点地
15:46
to dive into those primal,
389
931000
3000
侵入了我们最初的，
15:49
terrifying parts of ourselves
390
934000
3000
可怕的部分
15:52
and make our own decisions
391
937000
3000
要自己做决定
15:55
and not make our housing a commodity,
392
940000
2000
不要让房子成为商品，
15:57
but make it something that bubbles up from seminal sources.
393
942000
3000
而是成为一种有创造力的东西。
16:00
That takes a little bit of nerve,
394
945000
2000
这需要一些勇气，
16:02
and, darn it, once in a while you fail.
395
947000
3000
弥补它，当你失败时。
16:05
But that's okay.
396
950000
2000
但这没问题。
16:07
If failure destroys you,
397
952000
2000
如果失败毁灭了你，
16:09
then you can't do this.
398
954000
2000
你不能干这个。
16:11
I fail all the time, every day,
399
956000
2000
我一直都在失败，每天，
16:13
and I've had some whopping failures, I promise,
400
958000
3000
而且我还有些惨败的经历，我保证，
16:16
big, public, humiliating,
401
961000
2000
一些很大的，众所周知的，丢人现眼的，
16:18
embarrassing failures.
402
963000
2000
尴尬的失败经历。
16:20
Everybody points and laughs,
403
965000
2000
所有人都指着我嘲笑，
16:22
and they say, "He tried it a fifth time and it still didn't work.
404
967000
2000
他们说，“他都试了第五次了，还是不行。
16:24
What a moron."
405
969000
2000
真是个笨蛋。”
16:26
Early on, contractors come by and say,
406
971000
2000
之前，承包人过来说，
16:28
"Dan, you're a cute little bunny,
407
973000
2000
“Dan，你是个可爱的孩子，
16:30
but you know, this just isn't going to work.
408
975000
2000
但是你知道，这行不通的。
16:32
What don't you do this, and why don't you do that?"
409
977000
3000
为什么不做这个，为什么不做那个？”
16:35
And your instinct is to say,
410
980000
2000
你的本能反应是，
16:37
"Why don't you suck an egg?"
411
982000
2000
“为什么你不吃个鸡蛋。”
16:40
But you don't say that,
412
985000
2000
但是你不会这么说，
16:42
because they're the guys you're targeting.
413
987000
3000
因为他们是你需要的人。
16:45
And so what we've done --
414
990000
2000
所以这就是我们所做的 -
16:47
and this isn't just in housing.
415
992000
2000
不仅仅是房子；
16:49
It's in clothing and food
416
994000
2000
也有衣服和食物
16:51
and our transportation needs, our energy --
417
996000
3000
和交通需求，我们的能源 -
16:54
we sprawl just a little bit.
418
999000
3000
我们搞得有点大了。
16:57
And when I get a little bit of press,
419
1002000
3000
当我有点压力时，
17:00
I hear from people all over the world.
420
1005000
3000
我倾听来自世界各地的人。
17:03
And we may have invented excess,
421
1008000
2000
我们可能已经是发明过剩，
17:05
but the problem of waste
422
1010000
2000
但是废料问题
17:07
is worldwide.
423
1012000
3000
是全球性的。
17:10
We're in trouble.
424
1015000
3000
我们有困难了。
17:13
And I don't wear ammo belts crisscrossing my chest
425
1018000
3000
我不会胸前穿叉着弹药带
17:16
and a red bandana,
426
1021000
2000
头上戴着红头巾，
17:18
but we're clearly in trouble.
427
1023000
2000
但是我们确实是遇到困难了。
17:20
And what we need to do
428
1025000
2000
我们需要做得
17:22
is reconnect
429
1027000
2000
是重新连接
17:24
with those really primal parts of ourselves
430
1029000
3000
我们最基本的部分
17:27
and make some decisions
431
1032000
2000
做出些决定
17:29
and say, "You know, I think I would like
432
1034000
3000
说道，“你知道，我认为我要
17:32
to put CDs across the wall there.
433
1037000
2000
将CD放到墙那边。
17:34
What do you think, honey?"
434
1039000
3000
你觉得呢，亲爱的？”
17:37
If it doesn't work, take it down.
435
1042000
2000
如果不行，就取下来。
17:40
What we need to do is reconnect with who we really are,
436
1045000
3000
我们需要的是重新连接起真正的我们，
17:43
and that's thrilling indeed.
437
1048000
2000
这是令人激动的。
17:45
Thank you very much.
438
1050000
2000
非常感谢。
17:47
(Applause)
439
1052000
4000
（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Phillips - BuilderDan Phillips builds homes out of recycled and reclaimed materials in Huntsville, Texas.
Why you should listen
Dan Phillips is a designer and builder in Huntsville, Texas. In 1998, he and his wife, Marsha, started The Phoenix Commotion, a construction company that builds affordable houses from reclaimed and recycled materials. Their mission is to divert landfill waste while creating sustainable housing for single mothers, artists, and families with low incomes. The Phoenix Commotion keeps labor costs low while reclaiming human potential. They use an apprentice program to teach sustainable building skills to individuals that volunteer or intern on the Phoenix Commotion Crew.
The houses are energy-efficient, cheap and satisfying to build -- and wildly, effervescently creative. To the Phillipses, any material used in enough multiples creates a beautiful pattern -- so Phoenix Commotion homes are covered and decorated with salvaged materials of many stripes. Homes are built in concert with their eventual owner, who contributes sweat equity and their own artistic flair.
Dan Phillips | Speaker | TED.com