TEDxHouston
Dan Phillips: Creative houses from reclaimed stuff
Dan Phillips 使用再生材料建造有創意的房子
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在 TEDxHouston 這場有趣又有遠見的演講中，建築家 Dan Phillips 帶領我們參觀他那些位於德州，利用回收和再生材料以狂野創意建造的房子。很棒, 很簡單的設計內容將會重新喚醒屬於你的想像空間。
Dan Phillips - Builder
Dan Phillips builds homes out of recycled and reclaimed materials in Huntsville, Texas. Full bio
Dan Phillips builds homes out of recycled and reclaimed materials in Huntsville, Texas. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
00:22
Thank you very much.
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謝謝大家。
00:24
I have a few pictures,
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我帶來一些照片，
00:26
and I'll talk a little bit about
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我將會談談
00:28
how I'm able to do what I do.
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我怎麼做到我所做的這些事。
00:30
All these houses are built
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這裡所有房子使用的建材
00:32
from between 70 and 80 percent recycled material,
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都使用了百分之七~八十的回收材料，
00:35
stuff that was headed to the mulcher, the landfill, the burn pile.
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那些原本被送往粉碎機、掩埋場、焚化爐的東西。
00:38
It was all just gone.
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這些都是過去式了。
00:40
This is the first house I built.
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這是我所建造的第一棟房子。
00:42
This double front door here with the three-light transom
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這個雙開式大門有著三個透光口的門楣，
00:45
that was headed to the landfill.
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那是從掩埋場撿回來的。
00:47
Have a little turret there.
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上面有個小塔樓。
00:49
And then these buttons on the corbels here.
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而在腳座上的那些釦狀物 --
00:52
Right there --
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在這邊 --
00:54
those are hickory nuts.
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那些是山胡桃的果核。
00:56
And these buttons there --
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而這裡的釦狀物，
00:58
those are chicken eggs.
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那些則是雞蛋。
01:00
Of course, first you have breakfast,
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當然，你要先把早餐吃完，
01:03
and then you fill the shell full of Bondo and paint it and nail it up,
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然後在蛋殼裡塞滿補土，接著上色，再把它固定上去。
01:06
and you have an architectural button
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於是，你可以在短時間內
01:08
in just a fraction of the time.
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就完成一個建築式的釦狀物。
01:10
Then, this is a look at the inside.
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接著這是裡面的樣子。
01:12
You can see the three-light transom there
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那裡是有三個透光口的門楣
01:14
with the eyebrow windows --
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和眉窗 --
01:16
certainly an architectural antique
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很有古典的建築。
01:18
headed to the landfill.
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也是從掩埋場撿回來的。
01:20
Even the lockset is probably worth 200 dollars.
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甚至這個鎖可能也值 200 美元。
01:22
Everything in the kitchen was salvaged.
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廚房裡的每樣東西都是撿回來的。
01:24
There's a 1952 O'Keefe & Merritt stove,
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有個 1952 年的 O'Keefe & Merritt 火爐，
01:26
if you like to cook -- cool stove.
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如果你喜歡下廚的話，這是個很棒的爐子。
01:29
This is going up into the turret.
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從這裡可以爬上塔樓。
01:31
I got that staircase for 20 dollars,
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我花了 20 美元買到這個樓梯，
01:34
including delivery to my lot.
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還包含運費。
01:37
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:40
Then, looking up in the turret,
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接著，看看塔樓的上面，
01:42
you see there are bulges and pokes and sags and so forth.
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那裡凹凹凸凸還有傾斜之類的設計。
01:45
Well, if that ruins your life,
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喔，如果這會影響你的生活，
01:47
well then you shouldn't live there.
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那你就不該住在那裡。
01:49
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:51
This is a laundry chute,
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這是洗衣房的照片，
01:53
and this right here is a shoe last.
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右邊這裡是個鞋楦。
01:56
And those are those cast-iron things you see at antique shops.
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那些是那種你在古董店裡才看得到的鑄鐵製品。
01:58
So I had one of those,
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而我有一個，
02:00
so I made some low-tech gadgetry, there,
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所以我在那裡做了一個簡單的小機關，
02:02
where you just stomp on the shoe last
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只要你踩鞋楦那裡，
02:04
and then the door flies open, you throw your laundry down.
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門就會打開，你可以把髒衣服丟下去。
02:07
And then if you're smart enough, it goes on a basket on top of the washer.
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如果你夠聰明的話，它會掉在洗衣機上面的籃子裡。
02:10
If not, it goes into the toilet.
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否則它就會掉進馬桶裡。
02:13
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
02:15
This is a bathtub I made,
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這是我做的浴缸，
02:17
made out of scrap two-by-four here.
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用二乘四的破片做的。
02:19
Started with a rim there
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從只有一個圓框開始，
02:21
and then glued and nailed it up into a flat,
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把它黏住，再固定成一個平面，
02:23
corbelled it up and flipped it over,
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支撐起來，然後翻個面，
02:25
then did the two profiles on this side.
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然後在這個方向做出兩個面。
02:27
It's a two-person tub.
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這是個雙人浴缸。
02:29
After all, it's not just a question of hygiene,
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畢竟，這不只是衛生問題，
02:32
but there's a possibility of recreation as well.
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這也有用來娛樂的可能性。
02:34
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
02:37
Then, this faucet here
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而這邊的水龍頭，
02:40
is just a piece of Osage Orange.
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是桑橙樹的一部分。
02:42
It looks a little phallic,
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看起來有點像男性生殖器，
02:44
but after all, it's a bathroom.
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但畢竟這裡是浴室嘛。
02:46
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
02:49
Then, this is a house based on a Budweiser can.
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接著，這是用百威啤酒罐蓋的房子。
02:51
It doesn't look like a can of beer,
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它看起來並不像是啤酒罐，
02:53
but the design take-offs are absolutely unmistakable.
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但設計的概念是完全相同的。
02:55
The barley hops design worked up into the eaves,
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冒出來的酒花一直延伸到屋簷下，
02:58
then the dentil work comes directly off the can's red, white, blue and silver.
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而那齒狀設計則用了罐子上的紅、白、藍和銀四種顏色。
03:02
Then, these corbeles going down underneath the eaves
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而這些由屋簷往下的腳座
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are that little design that comes off the can.
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是從罐子來的小設計。
03:06
I just put a can on a copier
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我把一個罐子放在影印機上，
03:08
and kept enlarging it until I got the size I want.
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把它放大到我想要的尺寸。
03:11
Then, on the can it says,
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於是，罐子上寫著，
03:13
"This is the famous Budweiser beer, we know of no other beer, blah, blah, blah."
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"這是知名的百威啤酒，我們不知道還有其他啤酒，如何... 如何..."
03:17
So we changed that and put, "This is the famous Budweiser house.
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於是我們把它改成，"這是知名的百威房屋。
03:20
We don't know of any other house," and so forth and so on.
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我們不知道還有其他的房子" 之類的內容。
03:23
Then, this is a deadbolt. It's a fence from a 1930s shaper,
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這是一個門栓，本來裝在一台 1930年代成型機的圍欄上，
03:25
which is a very angry woodworking machine.
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那是一台很危險的木工機器。
03:28
And they gave me the fence, but they didn't give me the shaper,
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他們給了我圍欄，但是沒有給我成型機，
03:31
so we made a deadbolt out of it.
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所以我們把它做了一個門栓。
03:33
That'll keep bull elephants out, I promise.
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我保證這可以擋住公牛或大象之類的東西。
03:35
And sure enough, we've had no problems with bull elephants.
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當然，我們不會遇到公牛或大象跑來家裡。
03:38
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
03:40
The shower is intended to simulate a glass of beer.
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淋浴間特地做得像是一杯啤酒。
03:43
We've got bubbles going up there, then suds at the top with lumpy tiles.
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有往上跑的氣泡，然後最上面是用凸起的磁磚做成的泡沫。
03:46
Where do you get lumpy tiles? Well, of course, you don't.
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在哪裡可以買到凸起的磁磚? 當然，你找不到的。
03:49
But I get a lot of toilets, and so you just dispatch a toilet with a hammer,
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不過我有很多馬桶，只要把一個馬桶用鐵鎚敲碎，
03:52
and then you have lumpy tiles.
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你就會有一堆凸起的磁磚了。
03:55
And then the faucet, there,
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而那裡的水龍頭，
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is a beer tap.
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則是一個啤酒栓頭。
03:59
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
04:01
Then, this panel of glass
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而那一片玻璃
04:03
is the same panel of glass
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和美國一般家庭
04:05
that occurs in every middle-class front door in America.
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所使用的大門玻璃一樣。
04:08
We're getting tired of it. It's kind of cliched now.
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我們已經看膩了，那太老套了。
04:11
So if you put it in the front door, your design fails.
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所以如果你把它裝在大門上，你的設計就失敗了。
04:14
So don't put it in the front door; put it somewhere else.
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所以不要裝在大門上，裝在其它位置上。
04:16
It's a pretty panel of glass.
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這是片很漂亮的玻璃。
04:18
But then if you put it in the front door,
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但是如果你把它裝在大門上，
04:20
people say, "Oh, you're trying to be like those guys, and you didn't make it."
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人們會說，"喔，你跟其他人一樣，沒創意。"
04:23
So don't put it there.
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所以不要裝在那邊。
04:26
Then, another bathroom upstairs.
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接著是樓上的另一個浴室。
04:28
This light up here is the same light that occurs
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上面的燈和美國一般家庭
04:31
in every middle-class foyer in America.
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裝在玄關的燈一樣。
04:33
Don't put it in the foyer.
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所以不要裝在玄關。
04:35
Put it in the shower, or in the closet,
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裝在浴室或壁櫥裡，
04:37
but not in the foyer.
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就是不要裝在玄關。
04:40
Then, somebody gave me a bidet, so it got a bidet.
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有個人送我一個坐浴盆，所以這裡有個坐浴盆。
04:43
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
04:46
This little house here,
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這個小房子，
04:48
those branches there are made out of Bois D'arc or Osage Orange,
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那些枝幹是用桑橙樹所做，
04:51
and these pictures will keep scrolling
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在我說下去的同時，
04:53
as I talk a little bit.
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這些照片會繼續播放。
04:55
In order to do what I do,
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為了要做到我所做的，
04:57
you have to understand
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你必須要了解，
04:59
what causes waste in the building industry.
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建築工業中廢棄物的來源。
05:01
Our housing has become a commodity,
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房子變成了一種商品，
05:04
and I'll talk a little bit about that.
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我等等會提到這個。
05:06
But the first cause of waste is probably even buried in our DNA.
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但是首先造成廢棄物的來源可能藏在我們的DNA之中。
05:09
Human beings have a need for maintaining consistency
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人類有著對於維持整體感覺
05:11
of the apperceptive mass.
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一致性的需求。
05:13
What does that mean?
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這是什麼意思呢?
05:15
What it means is, for every perception we have,
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意思是說，我們的每一個感覺，
05:17
it needs to tally with the one like it before,
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它必須對應到它之前的樣子，
05:19
or we don't have continuity,
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否則我們就失去了連貫性，
05:21
and we become a little bit disoriented.
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於是我們就會失去方向感。
05:23
So I can show you an object you've never seen before.
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我給你看一個你從沒看過的東西。
05:26
Oh, that's a cell phone.
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喔，這是一支手機。
05:28
But you've never seen this one before.
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但是你從來都沒看過這一支。
05:31
What you're doing
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你正在做的是
05:33
is sizing up the pattern of structural features here,
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衡量它的結構外觀模式，
05:35
and then you go through your databanks -- brrrr, cell phone.
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然後從你的記憶資訊中找出 -- 是手機。
05:38
Oh, that's a cell phone.
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好，這是一支手機。
05:40
If I took a bite out of it,
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如果我把一部分拿掉的話，
05:42
you'd go, "Wait a second.
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你會說，"等等。
05:45
That's not a cell phone.
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那不是手機。
05:47
That's one of those new chocolate cell phones."
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那是一個新型的巧克力手機。"
05:49
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
05:51
And you'd have to start a new category,
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於是你就會在手機和巧克力之間，
05:53
right between cell phones and chocolate.
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開啟了一個新的類別。
05:55
That's how we process information.
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這就是我們如何去處理訊息。
05:58
So you translate that to the building industry,
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所以你將這個套用在建築工業上，
06:00
if we have a wall of windowpanes and one pane is cracked,
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如果在一整片玻璃牆上，有一片破了，
06:02
we go, "Oh, dear. That's cracked. Let's repair it.
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我們會說，"喔，天啊。那片破了。我們把它修好吧。
06:05
Let's take it out. Throw it away so nobody can use it and put a new one in."
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把它拿出來丟掉，別人就不會用到破的，再換上新的一片。"
06:08
Because that's what you do with a cracked pane.
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因為那是你處理破窗戶的方式。
06:11
Never mind that it doesn't affect our lives at all.
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別在意嘛，它並不影響我們的生活啊。
06:14
It only rattles that expected pattern
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它只是讓我們期待的模式
06:16
and unity of structural features.
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和建築整體一致性出現一點瑕疵。
06:19
However, if we took a small hammer,
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但是，如果我們拿一個小槌子，
06:21
and we added cracks to all the other windows,
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把所有的窗戶都敲碎，
06:24
then we have a pattern.
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這樣就有了共同的模式。
06:27
Because Gestalt Psychology emphasizes recognition of pattern
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因為形態心理學加重了我們在辨識
06:30
over parts that comprise a pattern.
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包含模式的物件時的辨識能力。
06:32
We'll go, "Ooh, that's nice."
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我們就會說，"喔，真是太好了。"
06:34
So, that serves me every day.
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於是，這時時刻刻都影響著我們。
06:37
Repetition creates pattern.
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重複性會創造出模式。
06:39
If I have a hundred of these, a hundred of those,
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如果我有上千個這種東西和那種東西，
06:41
it doesn't make any difference what these and those are.
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這些和那些將不會有任何不同。
06:43
If I can repeat anything, I have the possibility of a pattern
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如果我能重製任何東西，我就有創造模式的可能，
06:46
from hickory nuts and chicken eggs, shards of glass, branches.
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不論是從山胡桃核、雞蛋、碎玻璃或是樹的枝幹。
06:49
It doesn't make any difference.
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這將不會有任何的不同。
06:51
That causes a lot of waste in the building industry.
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這會導致建築工業產生大量廢棄物。
06:53
Second is, Friedrich Nietzsche along about 1885
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第二點，Friedrich Nietzsche 在大概 1885 年的時候
06:56
wrote a book titled "The Birth of Tragedy."
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寫了一本書叫做 "悲劇的誕生"。
06:59
And in there he said
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在裡面他提到
07:01
that cultures tend to swing between one of two perspectives.
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文化會在兩種看法之間盤旋。
07:03
On the one hand, we have an Apollonian perspective,
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一方面，我們有日神精神，
07:06
which is very crisp and premeditated
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那是講究明確、規劃、
07:08
and intellectualized
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理智、
07:10
and perfect.
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和完美的。
07:13
On the other end of the spectrum, we have a Dionysian perspective,
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另一方面，我們還有酒神精神，
07:16
which is more given to the passions and intuition,
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那是較講究感情、直覺、
07:19
tolerant of organic texture and human gesture.
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對身體的結構與人類姿態有較大的包容性。
07:22
So the way the Apollonian personality takes a picture,
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所以用日神精神照相，
07:25
or hangs a picture,
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或是掛一張圖畫，
07:27
is they'll get out a transit
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會用上工程經緯儀、
07:29
and a laser level and a micrometer.
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雷射水平儀或測微器之類的東西。
07:32
"Okay, honey. A thousandth of an inch to the left.
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"好，親愛的。往左邊移千分之一英吋。
07:34
That's where we want the picture. Right. Perfect."
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那就是我們想要的照片。對，真完美。"
07:36
Predicated on plumb level, square and centered.
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架構在一個很好的基礎上，正中方正。
07:39
The Dionysian personality
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而酒神精神照相則是，
07:41
takes the picture and goes ...
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照相，然後換個地方 ...
07:44
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
07:48
That's the difference.
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這就是差異所在。
07:50
I feature blemish.
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突顯缺陷。
07:52
I feature organic process.
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突顯生命的過程 --
07:54
Dead-center John Dewey.
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這就是 John Dewey 所強調的。
07:57
Apollonian mindset creates mountains of waste.
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日神精神的心態造成了大量的廢棄物。
08:00
If something isn't perfect,
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如果某個東西不夠好，
08:02
if it doesn't line up with that premeditated model, dumpster.
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如果它和預期的失敗模組一樣就丟掉。
08:05
"Oops, scratch, dumpster."
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"唉啊，刮到了，丟掉。
08:07
"Oops" this, "oops" that. "Landfill. Landfill. Landfill."
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這裡不好，那裡不好。垃圾、垃圾、垃圾。"
08:10
The third thing is arguably --
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第三點是具爭論性的 --
08:13
the Industrial Revolution started in the Renaissance
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文藝復興時期出現工業革命，
08:15
with the rise of humanism,
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人文主義隨之興起，
08:17
then got a little jump-start along about the French Revolution.
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到了法國大革命時又更加興盛。
08:20
By the middle of the 19th century, it's in full flower.
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在十九世紀中期到達巔峰。
08:22
And we have dumaflages and gizmos
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我們有了許多小工具，
08:25
and contraptions that will do anything
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一些小裝置可以讓我們
08:28
that we, up to that point,
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依據自己想要的，
08:30
had to do my hand.
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自己動手做。
08:32
So now we have standardized materials.
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所以現在我們有制式化的材料。
08:34
Well, trees don't grow two inches by four inches,
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當然，樹不會自己長成2英吋乘4英吋的形狀，
08:37
eight, ten and twelve feet tall.
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或是8、10和12英呎高。
08:39
We create mountains of waste.
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我們創造出大量的廢棄物。
08:41
And they're doing a pretty good job
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他們在森林裡
08:43
there in the forest,
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進行著工作，
08:45
working all the byproduct of their industry --
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去製造工業中的副產物 --
08:47
with OSB and particle board and so forth and so on --
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定向纖維版、刨花板之類的 --
08:50
but it does no good
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但是這並不好，
08:52
to be responsible at the point of harvest in the forest
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如果消費者浪費了這些被採收的樹材，
08:55
if consumers are wasting the harvest at the point of consumption,
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他們要對這片森林負起責任。
08:58
and that's what's happening.
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而這就是正在發生的事情。
09:00
And so if something isn't standard,
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所以如果某樣東西不符合標準，
09:02
"Oops, dumpster." "Oops" this. "Oops, warped."
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"唉啊，丟掉，這裡也不好，唉啊，歪掉了。"
09:05
If you buy a two-by-four and it's not straight,
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如果你買了一個2乘4的東西，而它不是直的，
09:07
you can take it back.
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你可以把它送回店裡。
09:09
"Oh, I'm so sorry, sir. We'll get you a straight one."
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"很抱歉，我們會換一個直的給你。"
09:11
Well I feature all those warped things
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我突顯那些歪掉的東西，
09:14
because repetition creates pattern,
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因為重複性就會創造出模式，
09:16
and it's from a Dionysian perspective.
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這是源自於酒神精神。
09:18
The fourth thing
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第四點，
09:20
is labor is disproportionately more expensive than materials.
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人工比材料費用貴上非常多倍。
09:23
Well, that's just a myth.
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不過這只是概念啦。
09:25
And here's a story: Jim Tulles, one of the guys I trained,
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舉個例子：Jim Tulles 是我訓練出來的一個人，
09:28
I said, "Jim, it's time now.
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我說，"Jim，時候到了。
09:30
I got a job for you as a foreman on a framing crew. It's time for you to go."
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我要讓你擔任骨架小組的領班。是你表現的時候了。"
09:33
"Dan, I just don't think I'm ready."
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"Dan，我覺得我還沒準備好。"
09:35
"Jim, now it's time. You're the down, oh."
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"Jim，是時候了。你行的。"
09:38
So we hired on.
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後來我們被僱用了。
09:40
And he was out there with his tape measure
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於是他帶著量尺
09:42
going through the trash heap, looking for header material,
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穿梭在垃圾堆裡找尋門楣的材料 --
09:44
which is the board that goes over a door,
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就是門上面的那個板子 --
09:46
thinking he'd impress his boss -- that's how we taught him to do it.
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希望藉此給他的雇主好印象 -- 這是我們教他的。
09:48
And the superintendent walked up and said, "What are you doing?"
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於是監工跑來問他，"你在幹什麼?"
09:51
"Oh, just looking for some header material,"
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"喔，只是想找一些門楣的材料，"
09:53
waiting for that kudos.
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他正期待被稱讚。
09:55
He said, "No, no. I'm not paying you to go through the trash. Get back to work."
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他說，"不，不。我可不是付你錢來翻垃圾的。回去工作。"
09:58
And he had the wherewithal to say,
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於是他不得不說，
10:00
he said, "You know, if you were paying me
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他說，"你知道嗎，如果你每小時
10:02
300 dollars an hour,
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要付我300美金，
10:04
I can see how you might say that,
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我能理解你為什麼會那麼說，
10:06
but right now, I'm saving you five dollars a minute.
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可是現在，我每分鐘替你省下5美金。
10:09
Do the math."
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好好算算吧。"
10:11
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
10:13
"Good call, Tulles. From now on, you guys hit this pile first."
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"幹得好，Tulles。從現在起，你們先從這邊開始。"
10:16
And the irony is that he wasn't very good at math.
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諷刺的是，他數學不太好。
10:19
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
10:22
But once in a while you get access to the control room,
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但是一旦你獲得了控制權，
10:24
and then you can kind of mess with the dials.
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那麼你就可以將規則打亂。
10:26
And that's what happened there.
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這就是一切的開始。
10:29
The fifth thing is that maybe, after 2,500 years,
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第五點，也許在2500年後，
10:31
Plato is still having his way with us in his notion of perfect forms.
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柏拉圖那種完美形式的概念仍然存在我們的身旁。
10:34
He said that we have in our noggin
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他說，在我們的腦中
10:36
the perfect idea of what we want,
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存在著我們想要的完美想法，
10:39
and we force environmental resources to accommodate that.
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而我們大量使用環境資源去實現它。
10:42
So we all have in our head the perfect house,
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所以在大家的心中都有理想的家，
10:44
the American dream, which is a house,
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美國人的夢想是一個家 --
10:46
the dream house.
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夢想中的家。
10:48
The problem is we can't afford it.
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問題是，我們負擔不起。
10:50
So we have the American dream look-alike,
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所以我們有類似的美國夢，
10:52
which is a mobile home.
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就是一種移動式的家。
10:54
Now there's a blight on the planet.
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可是現在有種破壞性的因素。
10:57
It's a chattel mortgage,
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叫做動產抵押，
10:59
just like furniture, just like a car.
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就像是家具、像是車子一般。
11:01
You write the check, and instantly it depreciates 30 percent.
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你買下之後，它立刻就貶值了30%。
11:04
After a year, you can't get insurance on everything you have in it,
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一年之後，保險殘殖就不是原始價格了，
11:06
only on 70 percent.
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只剩下原來的七成。
11:08
Wired with 14-gauge wire typically.
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一般來說它會用14號的電纜線。
11:10
Nothing wrong with that,
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這並沒什麼問題，
11:12
unless you ask it to do what 12-gauge wire's supposed to do,
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除非你把它用在原本應該使用12號電纜線的地方，
11:14
and that's what happens.
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這就是現在的狀況。
11:16
It out-gasses formaldehyde so much so
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它會大量釋放出甲醛氣體，
11:18
that there is a federal law in place
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因此有了條聯邦法律出現
11:21
to warn new mobile home buyers
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來警告想買移動房屋的人，
11:23
of the formaldehyde atmosphere danger.
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關於甲醛氣體的危險性。
11:26
Are we just being numbingly stupid?
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我們真的笨到沒有知覺嗎?
11:28
The walls are this thick.
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那些牆壁有這麼厚。
11:30
The whole thing has the structural value of corn.
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可是整個結構的價值就跟玉米一樣。
11:33
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
11:35
"So I thought Palm Harbor Village was over there."
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"我想我們大概到了棕櫚港邊的村落。"
11:37
"No, no. We had a wind last night.
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"不，不。是昨晚刮了一陣風。
11:39
It's gone now."
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現在已經停了。"
11:41
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
11:44
Then when they degrade, what do you do with them?
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當他們失去價值的時候，你要怎麼辦呢?
11:47
Now, all that,
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現在，這些東西，
11:49
that Apollonian, Platonic model,
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那些日神精神、柏拉圖精神的典範，
11:52
is what the building industry is predicated on,
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就是這些建築工業的基礎所在，
11:55
and there are a number of things that exacerbate that.
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有許多事情會讓這個狀況更加嚴重。
11:57
One is that all the professionals,
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其中之一是那些專業人員，
12:00
all the tradesmen, vendors,
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那些零售商、供應商，
12:02
inspectors, engineers, architects
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稽核員、工程師、建築師，
12:04
all think like this.
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都是這種思維。
12:06
And then it works its way back to the consumer,
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於是它也造就了
12:08
who demands the same model.
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那些想買同樣東西的消費者。
12:10
It's a self-fulfilling prophecy. We can't get out of it.
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像是種自我約束一樣。我們無法擺脫它。
12:13
Then here come the marketeers and the advertisers.
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然後是市場銷售人員和廣告人員。
12:16
"Woo. Woohooo."
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"喔、喔。"
12:18
We buy stuff we didn't know we needed.
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我們買了一堆我們不知道是否需要的東西。
12:21
All we have to do is look at
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我們只是看見某間公司
12:23
what one company did with carbonated prune juice.
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如何去販賣西梅汁汽水。
12:25
How disgusting.
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真是噁心。
12:27
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
12:29
But you know what they did? They hooked a metaphor into it
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但是你知道他們做了什麼嗎? 他們只是做了隱喻，
12:31
and said, "I drink Dr. Pepper ..."
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然後說，"我喝的是 Dr. Pepper( 一家可樂的品牌 ) ..."
12:33
And pretty soon, we're swilling that stuff by the lake-ful,
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很快，大家就會喝下一大堆，
12:36
by the billions of gallons.
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幾十億加侖的數量。
12:38
It doesn't even have real prunes. Doesn't even keep you regular.
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裡面甚至沒有真正的西梅 -- 不會讓你保持健康。
12:41
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
12:43
My oh my, that makes it worse.
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天啊，可能還會更糟糕。
12:45
And we get sucked into that faster than anything.
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我們很快就會被它緊緊抓住。
12:48
Then a man named Jean-Paul Sartre wrote a book
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Jean-Paul Sartre 寫了本書，
12:50
titled "Being and Nothingness."
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名叫 "存在與虛無"。
12:52
It's a pretty quick read.
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我只是快速看過一次。
12:54
You can snap through it in maybe two years
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如果你一天看八小時，
12:57
if you read eight hours a day.
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大概兩年就可以看完吧。
13:00
In there he talked about the divided self.
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在裡面他談到人格分裂的現象。
13:02
He said human beings act differently when they know they're alone
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他提到，人們在獨自一個人的時候，
13:05
than when they know somebody else is around.
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會表現得和有人在身旁時不一樣。
13:07
So if I'm eating spaghetti, and I know I'm alone,
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當自己一個人在吃義大利麵的時候，
13:10
I can eat like a backhoe.
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我可以狼吞虎嚥。
13:12
I can wipe my mouth on my sleeve, napkin on the table,
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我可以用袖子擦嘴 -- 把餐巾丟到桌上，
13:15
chew with my mouth open, make little noises,
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張開嘴咀嚼，發出聲音，
13:18
scratch wherever I want.
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隨時都可以抓癢。
13:20
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
13:22
But as soon as you walk in,
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但是當你走進來的時候，
13:24
I go, "Ooh. Spaghetti sauce there."
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我會變成，"喔，這裡有義大利麵醬汁。"
13:26
Napkin in my lap, half bites,
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把餐巾放在腿上，小口小口的吃，
13:28
chew with my mouth closed, no scratching.
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閉著嘴咀嚼，不會抓癢。
13:30
Now what I'm doing
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我所做的是，
13:32
is fulfilling your expectations
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3000
去滿足你對於
13:35
of how I should live my life.
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我的生活方式的期待。
13:38
I feel that expectation,
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我可以感覺到那種期待，
13:40
and so I accommodate it,
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然後我就會那麼做，
13:42
and I'm living my life according to what you expect me to do.
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於是我是依據你對我的期待來過生活。
13:45
That happens in the building industry as well.
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這種事也發生在建築工業上。
13:47
That's why all of our subdivisions look the same.
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這就是為何每個區域的房子看起來都差不多。
13:50
Sometimes we even have
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有時候我們
13:52
these formalized cultural expectations.
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甚至會有制式化的文化期待。
13:54
I'll bet all your shoes match.
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我相信大家左右腳的鞋子是一樣的。
13:56
Sure enough, we all buy into that,
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當然，我們都是如此，
13:59
and with gated communities,
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在封閉的社群中，
14:02
we have a formalized expectation
345
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我們對於有屋一族
14:04
with a homeowners association.
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有著一種制式化的期待。
14:06
Sometimes those guys are Nazis,
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有時候這些人會是納粹，
14:08
my oh my.
348
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天啊。
14:11
That exacerbates and continues this model.
349
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這會讓這種模式更加強烈持續著。
14:14
The last thing is gregariousness.
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最後一樣是合群。
14:17
Human beings are a social species.
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人類是群居的生物。
14:19
We like to hang together in groups,
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我們喜歡和群體一起生活，
14:21
just like wildebeests, just like lions.
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像是牛羚，像是獅子一般。
14:23
Wildebeests don't hang with lions
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牛羚不會跟獅子在一起，
14:25
because lions eat wildebeests.
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因為獅子會吃牛羚。
14:27
Human beings are like that.
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人類也是如此。
14:29
We do what that group does
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我們會表現得和
14:31
that we're trying to identify with.
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我們想加入的群體一般。
14:33
And so you see this in junior high a lot.
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這現象在國中很常見。
14:36
Those kids, they'll work all summer long,
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這些孩子們，整個暑假都會打工，
14:39
kill themselves,
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把自己給累個半死，
14:41
so that they can afford
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只為了賺足夠的錢
14:43
one pair of designer jeans.
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去買一件名牌牛仔褲，
14:45
So along about September
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於是在九月開學之後，
14:47
they can stride in and go,
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他們很有自信的走進學校，
14:49
"I'm important today.
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"我今天很引人注目。
14:51
See, look, don't touch my designer jeans.
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看，別摸我的名牌牛仔褲。
14:53
I see you don't have designer jeans.
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我知道你沒有名牌牛仔褲。
14:56
You're not one of the beautiful people.
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你不屬於帥哥美女一族。
14:58
See, I'm one of the beautiful people. See my jeans?"
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看，我是帥哥美女一族。看見我的牛仔褲了嗎？
15:01
Right there is reason enough to have uniforms.
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這兒有著足夠的理由去擁有一致的服裝。
15:04
And so that happens in the building industry as well.
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這也是建築工業所發生的狀況。
15:07
We have confused
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我們被
15:09
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
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馬斯洛的人類需求層次理論
15:11
just a little bit.
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給混淆了。
15:13
On the bottom tier
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在最下層，
15:15
we have basic needs --
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我們有著最基本的需求 --
15:17
shelter, clothing, food, water, mating and so forth.
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居所、衣服、食物、水、交配等。
15:20
Second, security. Third, relationships.
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第二層，安全感。第三層，歸屬感。
15:23
Fourth, status, self-esteem -- that is, vanity.
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第四層，身份、自尊 -- 這是種虛榮心。
15:26
And we're taking vanity and shoving it down here.
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我們把虛榮心給放到最下面來了。
15:29
And so we end up
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結果導致
15:32
with vain decisions
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我們做了沒意義的決定，
15:34
and we can't even afford our mortgage.
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我們甚至連貸款都還不起，
15:36
We can't even afford to eat anything except beans.
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我們無法負擔比豆子更貴的食物。
15:39
That is, our housing
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因為，我們居住的房屋
15:41
has become a commodity.
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變成了一種商品，
15:43
And it takes a little bit of nerve
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它已經一點一點地
15:46
to dive into those primal,
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跑到了最重要的部位，
15:49
terrifying parts of ourselves
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令自己最恐懼的地方，
15:52
and make our own decisions
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所以，我們要做屬於自己的決定，
15:55
and not make our housing a commodity,
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不要讓房子被商品化，
15:57
but make it something that bubbles up from seminal sources.
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讓它從最底層需求向上提升。
16:00
That takes a little bit of nerve,
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這會令你覺得不舒服，
16:02
and, darn it, once in a while you fail.
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甚至有時你會失敗。
16:05
But that's okay.
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不過不要緊。
16:07
If failure destroys you,
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如果失敗會毀了你，
16:09
then you can't do this.
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那麼你就無法做這件事。
16:11
I fail all the time, every day,
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我每天都在失敗，
16:13
and I've had some whopping failures, I promise,
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我曾經有過很慘的經驗，
16:16
big, public, humiliating,
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一些很大的、公開的、丟人的，
16:18
embarrassing failures.
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難堪的失敗經驗。
16:20
Everybody points and laughs,
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每個人都嘲笑我，
16:22
and they say, "He tried it a fifth time and it still didn't work.
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他們說，"他已經試了五次還是不行。
16:24
What a moron."
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真是白痴。"
16:26
Early on, contractors come by and say,
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早期，承包商會來跟我說，
16:28
"Dan, you're a cute little bunny,
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"Dan，你是個可愛的孩子，
16:30
but you know, this just isn't going to work.
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但這是行不通的。
16:32
What don't you do this, and why don't you do that?"
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你怎麼不這樣做，怎麼不那樣做?"
16:35
And your instinct is to say,
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你的直覺反應會想說，
16:37
"Why don't you suck an egg?"
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"滾一邊去吧。"
16:40
But you don't say that,
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不過你不能這樣說，
16:42
because they're the guys you're targeting.
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因為他們是你想說服的目標。
16:45
And so what we've done --
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我們所做的 --
16:47
and this isn't just in housing.
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並不只是蓋一棟房子，
16:49
It's in clothing and food
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它像是衣服、食物，
16:51
and our transportation needs, our energy --
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我們對於交通工具，能源的需求一般 --
16:54
we sprawl just a little bit.
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我們將它向外延伸了一點。
16:57
And when I get a little bit of press,
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當我覺得有點壓力時，
17:00
I hear from people all over the world.
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我可以聽見整個世界的人的想法。
17:03
And we may have invented excess,
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我們也許做得有點過火，
17:05
but the problem of waste
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但是廢棄物過多
17:07
is worldwide.
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是全球性的問題。
17:10
We're in trouble.
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我們有大麻煩了。
17:13
And I don't wear ammo belts crisscrossing my chest
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我不會在胸前掛上兩條彈藥帶，
17:16
and a red bandana,
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和紅色絲巾，
17:18
but we're clearly in trouble.
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不過我們真的有大麻煩了。
17:20
And what we need to do
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我們必須做的是，
17:22
is reconnect
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重新去連結
17:24
with those really primal parts of ourselves
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那些我們真正原始的自我，
17:27
and make some decisions
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並且做出一些決定，
17:29
and say, "You know, I think I would like
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然後說，"你知道嗎，我認為我想要
17:32
to put CDs across the wall there.
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在那面牆上掛一排 CD。
17:34
What do you think, honey?"
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你覺得如何，親愛的?
17:37
If it doesn't work, take it down.
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如果不好，就把它拿下來。
17:40
What we need to do is reconnect with who we really are,
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我們要做的是，重新連結真正的自我，
17:43
and that's thrilling indeed.
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雖然那將是令自己恐懼的事情。
17:45
Thank you very much.
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謝謝大家。
17:47
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Phillips - BuilderDan Phillips builds homes out of recycled and reclaimed materials in Huntsville, Texas.
Why you should listen
Dan Phillips is a designer and builder in Huntsville, Texas. In 1998, he and his wife, Marsha, started The Phoenix Commotion, a construction company that builds affordable houses from reclaimed and recycled materials. Their mission is to divert landfill waste while creating sustainable housing for single mothers, artists, and families with low incomes. The Phoenix Commotion keeps labor costs low while reclaiming human potential. They use an apprentice program to teach sustainable building skills to individuals that volunteer or intern on the Phoenix Commotion Crew.
The houses are energy-efficient, cheap and satisfying to build -- and wildly, effervescently creative. To the Phillipses, any material used in enough multiples creates a beautiful pattern -- so Phoenix Commotion homes are covered and decorated with salvaged materials of many stripes. Homes are built in concert with their eventual owner, who contributes sweat equity and their own artistic flair.
Dan Phillips | Speaker | TED.com