TED2014
Shubhendu Sharma: An engineer's vision for tiny forests, everywhere
如何随处种小型森林 夏贝杜・沙尔玛: 如何随处种小型森林
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人栽种森林之後，任其自然生长，通常至少需要经过一百年才能长大成熟。但是如果我们能让这个过程快十倍会如何呢？在这场简短的演说中，生态企业家（亦为 TED 研究会员）苏沙马解释如何随处打造迷你森林生态系统。
Shubhendu Sharma - Eco-entrepreneur
Shubhendu Sharma creates afforestation methods that make it easy to plant maintenance-free, wild and biodiverse forests. Full bio
Shubhendu Sharma creates afforestation methods that make it easy to plant maintenance-free, wild and biodiverse forests. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'm an industrial engineer.
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我是一个工业工程师。
00:14
The goal in my life has always been to make
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在我的生命中一直追求的目标，
是用最少的时间和资源，
00:17
more and more products
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00:18
in the least amount of time and resources.
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做出更多的产品。
00:21
While working at Toyota,
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当我刚在丰田工作时，
00:22
all I knew was how to make cars
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我只知道如何制造汽车，
00:24
until I met Dr. Akira Miyawaki,
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直到我遇到了宫胁昭博士。
00:27
who came to our factory to make a forest in it
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他为了使碳中性，
在我们的工厂里建造了一个森林。
00:30
in order to make it carbon-neutral.
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00:33
I was so fascinated
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我对此十分着迷。
00:35
that I decided to learn this methodology
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因此我决定去学这门方法，
00:37
by joining his team as a volunteer.
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便加入他的团队当志工。
00:40
Soon, I started making a forest
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不久後，我开始造林，
00:42
in the backyard of my own house,
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就造在我家後院。
00:44
and this is how it looks after three years.
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这就是三年後的样子。
这些森林比常规的种植园，
00:48
These forests,
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00:49
compared to a conventional plantation,
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生长速度快十倍。
00:51
grow 10 times faster,
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00:54
they're 30 times more dense,
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他们比一般的森林更密集30倍，
00:56
and 100 times more biodiverse.
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生物多样性高一百倍。
2年了，有了这个森林在我们的后院。
01:00
Within two years of having this forest in our backyard,
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01:03
I could observe that the groundwater
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在夏天时我可以观察到，
地下水并没有干涸。
01:05
didn't dry during summers,
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我观察到鸟类在这个区域，
01:07
the number of bird species I spotted in this area
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数量翻了一倍。
01:10
doubled.
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空气的质量变得更好了。
01:11
Quality of air became better,
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01:13
and we started harvesting seasonal fruits
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而且我们还开始采收时令水果，
01:15
growing effortlessly
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在我们家的后院里。
01:17
right in the backyard of our house.
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01:19
I wanted to make more of these forests.
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我想要造更多这种样子的森林，
01:22
I was so moved by these results
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我被这些数据深深地感动了。
01:23
that I wanted to make these forests
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我想要去建造这些森林，
01:25
with the same acumen with which we make cars
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以我们造汽车，或者编写软件，
01:28
or write software or do any mainstream business,
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或做任何主流业务相同的速度。
所以我創辦了一家公司，
01:31
so I founded a company
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01:33
which is an end-to-end service provider
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一家为了建造这些原始森林，
01:35
to create these native natural forests.
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而提供整套植树造林服务的公司。
01:38
But to make afforestation as a mainstream business
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但是，把使植树造林作为主流业务
01:42
or an industry, we had to standardize
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或者一个行业，
我们必须规范造林决策的整个过程。
01:44
the process of forest-making.
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01:46
So we benchmarked the Toyota Production System
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因此，我们按照丰田生产系统。
这个系统的高质量和高效率被人熟知，
01:48
known for its quality and efficiency
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去做造林决策。
01:51
for the process of forest-making.
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01:53
For an example, the core of TPS,
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举个列子：TPS的核心，丰田生产系统，
01:56
Toyota Production System, lies in heijunka,
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就在于均衡化。
01:59
which is making manufacturing
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使其能在一条流水线上，
02:01
of different models of cars
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生产不同样式的汽车。
02:03
on a single assembly line.
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我们的树木取代了这些车，
02:05
We replaced these cars with trees,
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用的是如今我们造出多层次的森林。
02:08
using which now we can make multi-layered forests.
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02:11
These forests utilize 100 percent vertical space.
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这些森林占了100%的空间，
02:15
They are so dense
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它们非常的密集，
02:15
that one can't even walk into them.
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甚至都不够一个人走过去。
比如，我们可以造一座300棵树的森林，
02:19
For an example, we can make a 300-tree forest
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在小至六个停车位的空间内。
02:22
in an area as small as the parking spaces of six cars.
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02:27
In order to reduce cost and our own carbon footprint,
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为了降低成本和我们自己的碳足迹，
02:31
we started utilizing local biomass
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我们开始利用当地生物质，
02:33
as soil amender and fertilizers.
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作为改变土壤的肥料。
02:36
For example, coconut shells crushed in a machine
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例如：把椰子壳在一个机器里碾碎，
02:38
mixed with rice straw,
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与稻草混合起来，
02:42
powder of rice husk mixed with organic manure
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稻壳粉与有机肥混合，
02:46
is finally dumped in soil on which
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最后倒到我们要造林的土壤上。
02:48
our forest is planted.
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02:49
Once planted, we use grass or rice straw
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种好之后，
我们把草和稻草铺盖在土壤上。
02:52
to cover the soil
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这样做的话，
02:54
so that all the water which goes into irrigation
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用于灌溉的水就不会蒸发掉。
02:57
doesn't get evaporated back into the atmosphere.
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02:59
And using these simple improvisations,
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就是用了这些简单的创意，
03:01
today we can make a forest
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今天我们才能造出一个森林，
03:03
for a cost as low as the cost of an iPhone.
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只花比买一个iPhone还少的钱。
03:07
Today, we are making forests in houses,
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今天，我们在家里造森林。
03:09
in schools, even in factories with the corporates.
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在学校里
甚至工厂里。
03:13
But that's not enough.
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但是这些还不够，
03:15
There is a huge number of people
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有一大推人，
03:17
who want to take matters into their own hands.
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想要自己动手造森林。
03:20
So we let it happen.
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所以，我们就帮助他们造林。
03:22
Today, we are working on an Internet-based platform
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今天，我们正在研究一个基于互联网的平台。
03:26
where we are going to share our methodology
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用于开放分享我们造林的秘方，
03:29
on an open source
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03:31
using which anyone and everyone
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用于让任何一个人，
创造他们自己的森林，
03:32
can make their own forest
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03:34
without our physical presence being there,
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不用我们的协助，
03:36
using our methodology.
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或是用我们的方法。
03:38
At the click of a button,
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只需点一下按钮，
03:40
they can get to know all the native species
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人们就能知道，
所有在他们那一块地里的生物。
03:41
of their place.
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03:43
By installing a small hardware probe on site,
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通过在网站上安装一个小的硬件探针，
03:47
we can do remote soil testing,
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我们可以远程测试土壤，
03:50
using which we can give step-by-step instructions
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用来给予一步步的操作指南，
03:54
on forest-making remotely.
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去远程制造森林。
03:57
Also we can monitor the growth of this forest
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而且，我们可以不去现场，
03:59
without being on site.
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就能监控观察森林的成长。
04:03
This methodology, I believe,
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我相信，这个方法很有潜力。
04:05
has a potential.
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通过分享，我们实际上
04:06
By sharing, we can actually
bring back our native forests.
bring back our native forests.
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可以找回我们的原始森林。
04:09
Now, when you go back home,
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现在，当你回到家时。
04:11
if you see a barren piece of land,
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如果你看到一片荒地，
04:13
do remember that it can be a potential forest.
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请记住，它可以变成一个潜在的森林。
04:16
Thank you very much. Thanks.
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非常感谢大家，谢谢。
04:18
(Applause)
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（ 掌声 ）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shubhendu Sharma - Eco-entrepreneurShubhendu Sharma creates afforestation methods that make it easy to plant maintenance-free, wild and biodiverse forests.
Why you should listen
Industrial engineer Shubhendu Sharma was working at Toyota in India when he met Japanese forest expert Akira Miyawaki, who'd arrived to plant a forest at the factory, using a methodology he'd developed to make a forest grow ten times faster that normal. Fascinated, Sharma interned with Miyawaki, and grew his first successful forest on a small plot behind a house.
Today, his company Afforestt promotes a standardized method for seeding dense, fast-growing, native forests in barren lands, using his car-manufacturing acumen to create a system allowing a multilayer forest of 300 trees to grow on an area as small as the parking spaces of six cars -- for less than the price of an iPhone. Afforestt has helped grow forests at homes, schools and factories. Sharma seen improvement in air quality, an increase in biodiversity -- and the forests even generate fresh fruit. Afforestt is at work on a platform that will offer hardware probes to analyze soil quality, allowing the company to offer step-by-step instructions for anyone who wants to grow a native forest anywhere in the world.
Shubhendu Sharma | Speaker | TED.com