TEDGlobal 2014
Ethan Nadelmann: Why we need to end the War on Drugs
伊桑. 内都门: 为什么我们应该终止禁毒战争
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Readability: 5
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禁毒战争究竟是带来了更多好处，还是带来了更多伤害？在这个大胆的演讲里，毒品政策改革派伊桑.内都门慷慨激昂地呼吁结束这场“落后、无情、灾难性的”禁毒运动。他给出了两个主要原因，认为我们应该专注于用明智的规范管理代替无效的禁毒政策。
Ethan Nadelmann - Drug policy reformer
Ethan Nadelmann has ushered the once-marginal issue of drug legalization onto the center stage of US political debate. Full bio
Ethan Nadelmann has ushered the once-marginal issue of drug legalization onto the center stage of US political debate. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
What has the War on Drugs
done to the world?
done to the world?
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"毒品战争"对世界有什么影响？
00:17
Look at the murder and mayhem in Mexico,
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看看那些发生在墨西哥、中美洲
00:19
Central America, so many
other parts of the planet,
other parts of the planet,
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和世界其他地方的谋杀和混乱。
看看全球每年约3000亿美元的黑市交易
00:23
the global black market estimated
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00:24
at 300 billion dollars a year,
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看看美国和其他地方那些人满为患的监狱
00:27
prisons packed in the
United States and elsewhere,
United States and elsewhere,
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00:31
police and military drawn
into an unwinnable war
into an unwinnable war
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大量的警察和军队被牵扯进这场永远打不赢、
00:33
that violates basic rights,
and ordinary citizens
and ordinary citizens
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而且侵犯基本人权的战争
还有那些无辜的平民，乞求着不要被卷入剿毒行动的交火中
00:36
just hope they don't get
caught in the crossfire,
caught in the crossfire,
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00:39
and meanwhile, more people using
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与此同时，吸毒的人却越来越多
00:42
more drugs than ever.
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这就像我的国家历史上的禁酒令
00:44
It's my country's history
with alcohol prohibition
with alcohol prohibition
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00:46
and Al Capone, times 50.
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和艾尔·卡彭（禁酒令期间贩卖私酒的黑帮头目）的50倍规模重演
00:49
Which is why it's
particularly galling to me
particularly galling to me
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令我感到难堪的是，
00:53
as an American that we've
been the driving force
been the driving force
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我们美国人就是这个全球反毒战争的幕后推手
00:56
behind this global drug war.
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00:58
Ask why so many countries criminalize
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去问问为什么那么多国家
把他们听都没听过的药物列为非法
01:00
drugs they'd never heard of,
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01:02
why the U.N. drug treaties emphasize
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为什么联合国的药物条约
强调刑事定罪超过人们的健康？
01:05
criminalization over health,
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01:07
even why most of the money worldwide
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甚至为什么全世界大部分解决药物滥用的资金
01:10
for dealing with drug abuse goes not
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都不用在研究改善药物的机构
01:11
to helping agencies but those that punish,
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而是用于惩罚药物滥用
01:14
and you'll find the good old U.S. of A.
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你会发现它们的答案就是——我们大美国
01:17
Why did we do this?
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我们为什么这样做？
01:20
Some people, especially in Latin America,
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有些人，尤其是拉丁美洲的人，
01:23
think it's not really about drugs.
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认为这并不是真的关乎毒品
01:25
It's just a subterfuge for advancing
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事实上这只是美国用来
01:27
the realpolitik interests of the U.S.
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推进政治利益的托词
01:30
But by and large, that's not it.
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但总的来说，又不完全是这样
01:33
We don't want gangsters and guerrillas
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我们确实不希望，有黑帮和游击队
01:36
funded with illegal drug money
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有来自非法毒品的资金支持
01:38
terrorizing and taking over other nations.
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去恐吓和接管其他国家。
01:41
No, the fact is, America really is crazy
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但，事实是，美国就像疯了一样
一旦谈到毒品，或者药物
01:46
when it comes to drugs.
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01:48
I mean, don't forget, we're
the ones who thought
the ones who thought
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我的意思是，不要忘了，我们就是那些
01:50
that we could prohibit alcohol.
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以为自己可以禁酒的人。
01:52
So think about our global drug war
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所以，不要把全球禁毒战争
01:54
not as any sort of rational policy,
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想成是一个理性的政策
而要把它想成是一个国家的精神病
01:57
but as the international projection
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01:59
of a domestic psychosis.
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延伸到了国际上。
（掌声）
02:03
(Applause)
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02:06
But here's the good news.
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但这里还有个好消息
02:08
Now it's the Russians leading
the Drug War and not us.
the Drug War and not us.
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现在是俄罗斯在领导禁毒战争，而不是我们
02:11
Most politicians in my country
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我们国家的大多数政客
02:12
want to roll back the Drug War now,
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现在想从禁毒战争里退一步回来
02:14
put fewer people behind bars, not more,
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让更少的人被卷入这场战争，而不是更多
02:17
and I'm proud to say as an American
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我可以很自豪地说，作为一个美国人
02:19
that we now lead the world
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我们现在正领导世界
02:21
in reforming marijuana policies.
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改革大麻政策
02:23
It's now legal for medical purposes
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现在只要是在合法的医疗目的下
02:25
in almost half our 50 states,
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美国50个州里几乎一半的民众
02:27
millions of people can
purchase their marijuana,
purchase their marijuana,
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数以百万计的人都可以
02:29
their medicine, in government-
licensed dispensaries,
licensed dispensaries,
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从政府许可的药店里买到他们的大麻——他们的药物
02:32
and over half my fellow
citizens now say it's time
citizens now say it's time
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还有超过一半的同胞们说，现在是时候
立法规范大麻和对其征税
02:35
to legally regulate and tax marijuana
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02:37
more or less like alcohol.
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就跟我们对酒水做的事一样
02:39
That's what Colorado and
Washington are doing,
Washington are doing,
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这正是科罗拉多州和华盛顿正在做的，
02:41
and Uruguay, and others
are sure to follow.
are sure to follow.
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还有乌拉圭，可以肯定其他地方也会跟着这么做
02:45
So that's what I do:
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所以，这就是我在做的事：
02:48
work to end the Drug War.
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致力于结束禁毒战争。
02:52
I think it all started growing up
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我想，这一切是由于我成长在
02:54
in a fairly religious, moral family,
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一个比较笃信宗教和注重道德的家庭
02:57
eldest son of a rabbi,
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作为一个犹太教教士的长子
02:59
going off to university where I
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当我去上大学时，
03:01
smoked some marijuana
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我抽了一些大麻
03:04
and I liked it. (Laughter)
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而且很喜欢。（笑声）
03:07
And I liked drinking too, but it was obvious
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我也很喜欢喝酒，但是很显然
03:09
that alcohol was really the
more dangerous of the two,
more dangerous of the two,
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这两者中酒精确实更加危险，
03:12
but my friends and I could get busted
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可是我和我的朋友是有可能
03:13
for smoking a joint.
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因为吸食大麻而被抓的。
03:15
Now, that hypocrisy kept bugging me,
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这个表里不一的概念不停地缠着我
03:17
so I wrote my Ph.D dissertation
on international drug control.
on international drug control.
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所以我写的博士论文就是研究国际药物管制。
03:20
I talked my way into the State Department.
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我想办法进入了政府部门
03:23
I got a security clearance.
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我得到了安全许可
03:24
I interviewed hundreds of DEA
and other law enforcement agents
and other law enforcement agents
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我采访了数百名在欧洲和美洲等地工作的
03:27
all around Europe and the Americas,
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药品管制局（EDA）和执法人员。
03:29
and I'd ask them,
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我会问他们：
03:30
"What do you think the answer is?"
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“你认为答案是什么？”
03:33
Well, in Latin America, they'd say to me,
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好吧，在拉丁美洲，他们会跟我说，
03:36
"You can't really cut off the supply.
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“你真的没办法切断供应。
03:39
The answer lies back in the U.S.,
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答案在于美国，
03:40
in cutting off the demand."
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在于切断需求。”
03:42
So then I go back home and I talk to people
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于是我回到家乡，我问那些
03:45
involved in anti-drug efforts there, and they'd say,
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参与禁毒工作的人，他们却说，
03:47
"You know, Ethan, you can't
really cut off the demand.
really cut off the demand.
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“你知道吗，Ethan，你无法真正切断需求。
03:50
The answer lies over there.
You've got to cut off the supply."
You've got to cut off the supply."
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答案在那边。你必须得切断供应。”
03:53
Then I'd go and talk
to the guys in customs
to the guys in customs
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然后，我去跟海关那边的家伙聊
03:56
trying to stop drugs at the borders,
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能否在边境阻止毒品进入。
03:58
and they'd say, "You're
not going to stop it here.
not going to stop it here.
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他们说，“你不可能在这里把它堵住的。
04:02
The answer lies over there,
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答案在那边，
04:03
in cutting off supply and demand."
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你得切断供应和需求。”
04:06
And it hit me:
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在那一刻，我终于明白了
04:08
Everybody involved in this
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每一个参与其中的人
04:10
thought the answer lay in that area
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都认为答案在别的领域
04:13
about which they knew the least.
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而他们自己，对其知之甚少。
04:16
So that's when I started
reading everything I could
reading everything I could
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于是我开始尽可能阅读一切
04:18
about psychoactive drugs:
the history, the science,
the history, the science,
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关于精神药物的资料：它的历史、科学、
04:21
the politics, all of it,
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政治…所有的一切。
04:23
and the more one read,
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而读的越多，
04:26
the more it hit you how a thoughtful,
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你就越会意识到，一个深思熟虑、
04:28
enlightened, intelligent
approach took you over here,
approach took you over here,
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有启发性、聪明的方向把你引向这里，
04:32
whereas the politics and laws of my country
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而我们国家的政治和法律
04:34
were taking you over here.
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却把你带到这里。
04:36
And that disparity struck me as this incredible
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这悬殊的差异令我震惊
04:40
intellectual and moral puzzle.
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这真是个令人难以置信的智力和道德难题。
04:46
There's probably never been
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这世上可能从来不存在
04:48
a drug-free society.
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一个没有毒品的社会。
04:51
Virtually every society
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几乎每一个社会
04:52
has ingested psychoactive substances
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都有使用精神药物
04:55
to deal with pain, increase
our energy, socialize,
our energy, socialize,
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用来解决疼痛、提升精力、社交应酬、
04:58
even commune with God.
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甚至是用来与神对话。
05:01
Our desire to alter our consciousness
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我们这种对于知觉改变的渴望
05:03
may be as fundamental as our desires
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可能和我们对食物、
05:06
for food, companionship and sex.
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友谊、性的渴望一样基本。
05:10
So our true challenge
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因此，我们真正的挑战
05:12
is to learn how to live with drugs
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在于学会如何与精神药物共存
05:15
so they cause the least possible harm
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从而使它造成的伤害最小
05:17
and in some cases the
greatest possible benefit.
greatest possible benefit.
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并且在某些情况下，带来最大的益处。
05:22
I'll tell you something else I learned,
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让我告诉你们我学到的另一件事，
05:24
that the reason some drugs
are legal and others not
are legal and others not
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之所以有些药物是合法的，有些则不是，
05:27
has almost nothing to do
with science or health
with science or health
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这跟科学、健康或药物相应的风险
05:30
or the relative risk of drugs,
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几乎没有任何关系；
05:31
and almost everything to do with who uses
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而是跟谁在使用、
05:34
and who is perceived
to use particular drugs.
to use particular drugs.
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或谁被视作在使用特定药物有关。
05:37
In the late 19th century,
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在19世纪后期，
05:39
when most of the drugs that
are now illegal were legal,
are now illegal were legal,
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当大多数现在非法的药物都还是合法的时候，
05:42
the principal consumers
of opiates in my country
of opiates in my country
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我国和其他国家，鸦片的主要消费者
05:45
and others were middle-aged white women,
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是中年白人妇女
05:49
using them to alleviate aches and pains
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她们用鸦片来缓解疼痛
05:51
when few other analgesics were available.
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当时很少有别的止痛药可用。
05:54
And nobody thought about
criminalizing it back then
criminalizing it back then
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而且没人想过把它定为刑事犯罪，
05:56
because nobody wanted to
put Grandma behind bars.
put Grandma behind bars.
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因为没有人希望把奶奶关进监狱。
05:59
But when hundreds of thousands of Chinese
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但是，当成千上万的中国人
06:02
started showing up in my country,
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开始出现在我的国家
06:03
working hard on the railroads and the mines
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在铁路和矿山上卖力工作
06:06
and then kicking back in the evening
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然后晚上放松一下，
06:08
just like they had in the old country
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就像他们在故乡常做的那样，
06:09
with a few puffs on that opium pipe,
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吸上几口大烟，
06:12
that's when you saw the
first drug prohibition laws
first drug prohibition laws
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这就是你所见到的第一条禁毒法令
06:14
in California and Nevada,
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出现在加利福尼亚州和内华达州
06:16
driven by racist fears of Chinese
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因为那些有种族歧视的人担心
06:18
transforming white women
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中国人会把白人妇女
06:20
into opium-addicted sex slaves.
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变成鸦片成瘾的性奴。
06:23
The first cocaine prohibition
laws, similarly prompted
laws, similarly prompted
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而第一条禁止可卡因的法律，
06:26
by racist fears of black men
sniffing that white powder
sniffing that white powder
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也是由那些种族歧视的人提出的
06:30
and forgetting their proper place
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他们怕黑人闻了那白色粉末之后
06:32
in Southern society.
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会忘记自己在南方社会里真正的位置。
06:34
And the first marijuana prohibition laws,
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还有第一条禁止大麻的法律，
06:35
all about fears of Mexican migrants
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同样是源于对西部和西南部地区
06:38
in the West and the Southwest.
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墨西哥移民的恐惧。
06:41
And what was true in my country,
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这就是发生在我们国家真相
06:44
is true in so many others as well,
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相信在很多别的地方也同样如此
06:47
with both the origins of these laws
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那些法律的起源
06:49
and their implementation.
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和它们的执行。
06:52
Put it this way,
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换句话说，
06:54
and I exaggerate only slightly:
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让我稍稍夸大一点，
06:57
If the principal smokers of cocaine
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如果可卡因的主要吸食者
07:00
were affluent older white men
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都是些有钱的白人老头
07:02
and the principal consumers of Viagra
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而伟哥的主要消费者
07:05
were poor young black men,
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都是些贫穷年轻的黑人男子
07:07
then smokable cocaine would be easy to
get with a prescription from your doctor
get with a prescription from your doctor
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那么，你将很容易地拿着医生的处方买到烟用可卡因
07:10
and selling Viagra would get you
five to 10 years behind bars.
five to 10 years behind bars.
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而出售伟哥会让你在牢里待上5到10年。
07:13
(Applause)
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（掌声）
07:17
I used to be a professor teaching about this.
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我曾是个教这方面知识的教授
07:21
Now I'm an activist, a human rights activist,
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但现在，我是一个行动者，一名人权运动的积极分子
07:24
and what drives me is my shame
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而背后驱动我的力量，是我的惭愧
07:27
at living in an otherwise great nation
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我生活在一个原本很伟大的国家
07:29
that has less than five percent
of the world's population
of the world's population
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它有着不到世界5％的人口
07:32
but almost 25 percent of the
world's incarcerated population.
world's incarcerated population.
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监狱里却关着占世界总数25%的犯人
07:36
It's the people I meet
who have lost someone
who have lost someone
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我遇到这样的人：他们曾因为
07:38
they love to drug-related
violence or prison
violence or prison
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与毒品有关的暴力事件、监禁、吸食过量或艾滋病
07:40
or overdose or AIDS
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而失去了他们所爱的人
07:42
because our drug policies emphasize
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这都是因为我们的毒品政策
07:44
criminalization over health.
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它们强调刑责超过人们健康。
07:46
It's good people who have lost their jobs,
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他们是好人，他们失去了工作、
07:49
their homes, their freedom,
even their children
even their children
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房子、自由、甚至他们的孩子
07:53
to the state, not because they hurt anyone
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到了这般田地，不是因为他们伤害了谁
07:56
but solely because they chose to use one drug
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而仅仅是因为他们选择了某一种药物，
08:00
instead of another.
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而不是另一种。
08:03
So is legalization the answer?
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所以，“合法化”是我们寻找的答案吗？
08:07
On that, I'm torn:
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关于这一点，我非常为难：
08:09
three days a week I think yes,
three days a week I think no,
three days a week I think no,
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每周有三天里我觉得是这样的，还有三天我觉得不是
08:12
and on Sundays I'm agnostic.
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然后在周末，我是“不可知论者”。
08:14
But since today is Tuesday,
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但既然今天是星期二，
08:17
let me just say that legally
regulating and taxing
regulating and taxing
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就让我说：只要合法地管制并对其征税
08:22
most of the drugs that
are now criminalized
are now criminalized
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大多数现在被列为非法的精神药物
08:24
would radically reduce
the crime, violence,
the crime, violence,
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会显著地减少犯罪、暴力、
08:26
corruption and black markets,
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贪污、黑市、
08:28
and the problems of adulterated
and unregulated drugs,
and unregulated drugs,
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以及掺假和不受管制的药物问题，
08:31
and improve public safety,
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并且提高公共安全
08:33
and allow taxpayer resources to be developed
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还能使纳税人的资源
08:35
to more useful purposes.
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被投入到更有用的地方。
08:37
I mean, look, the markets
in marijuana, cocaine,
in marijuana, cocaine,
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我的意思是，你看，大麻、可卡因、
08:41
heroin and methamphetamine
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2013
海洛因和甲基苯丙胺的市场，
08:43
are global commodities markets
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是全球性的商品市场
08:46
just like the global markets
in alcohol, tobacco,
in alcohol, tobacco,
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就跟全球的酒精、烟草、
08:49
coffee, sugar, and so many other things.
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咖啡、糖、以及许多其他的市场一样。
08:52
Where there is a demand,
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只要哪里有需求，
08:54
there will be a supply.
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哪里就会有供应。
08:57
Knock out one source and another
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消灭了一个源头，
08:59
inevitably emerges.
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另一个源头还是会不可避免地出现。
09:01
People tend to think of prohibition
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人们倾向于认为：禁止
09:03
as the ultimate form of regulation
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就是最终极的管制方案。
09:06
when in fact it represents
the abdication of regulation
the abdication of regulation
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4019
而事实上，它代表的是放弃管制，
09:10
with criminals filling the void.
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并由罪犯去填补这个空缺。
09:14
Which is why putting criminal laws and police
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这就是为什么要把刑法和警察放在
09:16
front and center in trying to control
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最前线和最核心的位置来试图控制
09:19
a dynamic global commodities market
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一个瞬息万变的全球性商品市场
09:22
is a recipe for disaster.
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这就是灾祸之因。
09:25
And what we really need to do
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而我们真正需要做的
09:27
is to bring the underground drug markets
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是把地下的毒品交易市场
09:30
as much as possible aboveground
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尽可能带回地面上来
09:33
and regulate them as
intelligently as we can
intelligently as we can
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并且尽我们所能地，明智地，规范它
09:37
to minimize both the harms of drugs
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以减少药物的伤害
09:39
and the harms of prohibitionist policies.
215
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和禁毒政策带来的危害。
09:43
Now, with marijuana, that obviously means
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这样，当我们提到大麻，显然指的是
09:46
legally regulating and
taxing it like alcohol.
taxing it like alcohol.
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像酒精一样的依法管制和征税。
09:49
The benefits of doing so are
enormous, the risks minimal.
enormous, the risks minimal.
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这样做的好处是巨大的，而风险极小。
09:52
Will more people use marijuana?
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2711
会有更多的人使用大麻吗？
09:55
Maybe, but it's not
going to be young people,
going to be young people,
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也许吧，但年轻人不会这样
09:59
because it's not going to
be legalized for them,
be legalized for them,
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2002
因为大麻不会对他们合法化，
10:01
and quite frankly, they already have
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1811
而且坦白地说，他们已经有
10:03
the best access to marijuana.
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2036
最好的获取大麻的途径了。
10:05
I think it's going to be older people.
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我认为这将会是上了年纪的人。
10:07
It's going to be people in their 40s and 60s
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大概40多岁、60多岁
10:09
and 80s who find they prefer a little marijuana
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3646
和80多岁的人，他们发现自己宁愿吸点大麻
10:13
to that drink in the evening or the sleeping pill
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来代替晚上喝的一杯酒或者吃的一片安眠药
10:16
or that it helps with
their arthritis or diabetes
their arthritis or diabetes
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3640
或者是用它来舒缓他们的关节炎或糖尿病
10:20
or maybe helps spice up a
long-term marriage. (Laughter)
long-term marriage. (Laughter)
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5192
又或者，用它来给老夫老妻的婚姻生活增添点情趣。（笑声）
10:25
And that just might be a
net public health benefit.
net public health benefit.
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所以这对公众健康或许也有一些益处。
10:28
As for the other drugs,
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至于其他药物，
10:31
look at Portugal, where
nobody goes to jail
nobody goes to jail
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看看葡萄牙，在那儿没人会因为
10:33
for possessing drugs,
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1763
拥有毒品被抓去坐牢
10:35
and the government's made
a serious commitment
a serious commitment
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1370
政府作出了郑重承诺，
10:36
to treating addiction as a health issue.
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会把上瘾作为一个健康问题来治疗。
10:39
Look at Switzerland,
Germany, the Netherlands,
Germany, the Netherlands,
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1901
再看看瑞士、德国、荷兰、
10:40
Denmark, England, where people who have
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1946
丹麦和英国，在这些地方
10:42
been addicted to heroin for many years
238
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1901
那些对海洛因上瘾多年，
10:44
and repeatedly tried to quit and failed
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2306
多次试图戒毒但失败的人，
10:47
can get pharmaceutical
heroin and helping services
heroin and helping services
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2858
可以从医疗诊所获得药用海洛因和援助服务，
10:49
in medical clinics, and
the results are in:
the results are in:
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3441
而这样做的成果是：
10:53
Illegal drug abuse and disease
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3064
非法药物的滥用、疾病、
10:56
and overdoses and crime
and arrests all go down,
and arrests all go down,
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4147
服药过量、犯罪和拘捕 统统下降，
11:00
health and well-being improve,
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2149
健康和福祉提高，
11:02
taxpayers benefit,
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1732
纳税人受益，
11:04
and many drug users even
put their addictions behind them.
put their addictions behind them.
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4150
许多吸毒者甚至戒掉了毒瘾。
11:08
Look at New Zealand, which
recently enacted a law
recently enacted a law
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2802
看看新西兰，他们最近通过了一项法律
11:11
allowing certain recreational
drugs to be sold legally
drugs to be sold legally
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2935
允许某些软性毒品的合法销售
11:14
provided their safety had been established.
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2701
只要这些药品的安全性已经得到确认。
11:17
Look here in Brazil, and some other countries,
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2699
再来看看巴西，和一些别的国家，
11:19
where a remarkable psychoactive substance,
251
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3063
他们有一种引人注目的精神类药物，
11:22
ayahuasca, can be legally
bought and consumed
bought and consumed
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3225
死藤水（用南美一种藤本植物的根泡制而成有致幻作用的饮料），
可以被合法地购买和服用
11:26
provided it's done so
within a religious context.
within a religious context.
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3128
只要是在宗教背景下。
11:29
Look in Bolivia and Peru,
254
676958
2002
看看玻利维亚和秘鲁，
11:31
where all sorts of products
made from the coca leaf,
made from the coca leaf,
255
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2789
各种由古柯叶制成的产品，
11:33
the source of cocaine,
256
681749
1901
（古柯叶）就是可卡因的原料
11:35
are sold legally over the counter
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都在柜台上合法地销售
11:37
with no apparent harm to people's public health.
258
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3133
这样做并没有对人们的健康带来明显的危害。
11:40
I mean, don't forget, Coca-Cola
had cocaine in it until 1900,
had cocaine in it until 1900,
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4036
我要说，别忘了，可口可乐直到1900年配方里都含有可卡因，
11:44
and so far as we know was no more addictive
260
692439
1968
但到正如大家所知，
11:46
than Coca-Cola is today.
261
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4053
没有人觉得它比现在的可口可乐更让人上瘾。
相反，想想香烟：
11:50
Conversely, think about cigarettes:
262
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3077
11:53
Nothing can both hook you
and kill you like cigarettes.
and kill you like cigarettes.
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4986
没有什么比香烟更令你上瘾，更让你加速死亡了。
11:58
When researchers ask heroin addicts
264
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3064
当研究人员问海洛因成瘾者，他们最难戒掉的是什么
12:01
what's the toughest drug to
quit, most say cigarettes.
quit, most say cigarettes.
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3206
大多数人说是香烟。
12:04
Yet in my country and many others,
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2374
而在我的国家和许多其他国家，
12:07
half of all the people who
were ever addicted
were ever addicted
267
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2542
那半数曾对香烟上瘾、
12:09
to cigarettes have quit
268
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1935
后来成功戒烟的人
12:11
without anyone being
arrested or put in jail
arrested or put in jail
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3008
都没有被逮捕或投入监狱
12:14
or sent to a "treatment program"
270
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2256
或者被检察官和法官
12:17
by a prosecutor or a judge.
271
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1733
送去「戒毒所」。
12:18
What did it were higher taxes
272
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3296
带来这种成功的原因是高税收，
12:22
and time and place
restrictions on sale and use
restrictions on sale and use
273
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3543
对销售、使用的时间和空间的限制，
12:25
and effective anti-smoking campaigns.
274
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3072
以及有效的反吸烟运动。
12:28
Now, could we reduce smoking even more
275
736552
3940
现在，我们可以通过立法完全禁止吸烟
12:32
by making it totally illegal? Probably.
276
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4339
来进一步减少吸烟吗？ 或许吧。
12:37
But just imagine the drug war nightmare
277
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3611
但不妨想想，可能导致的类似
12:40
that would result.
278
748442
3038
禁毒战争一样的噩梦。
所以，我们今天面临的挑战
12:43
So the challenges we face today
279
751480
2283
12:45
are twofold.
280
753763
1867
有两方面。
12:47
The first is the policy challenge
281
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3015
第一，是政策挑战
12:50
of designing and implementing alternatives
282
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3678
我们要设计和实施有效的替代方案，
12:54
to ineffective prohibitionist policies,
283
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2418
来取代无效的禁令
12:56
even as we need to get
better at regulating
better at regulating
284
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3420
同时我们还需要更好地规范它
13:00
and living with the drugs
that are now legal.
that are now legal.
285
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3669
学会跟这些（现在合法的）药物共存。
13:04
But the second challenge is tougher,
286
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3361
但第二个挑战就困难了
13:07
because it's about us.
287
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3611
因为它是关于我们的。
13:11
The obstacles to reform
lie not just out there
lie not just out there
288
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3488
对这种改革的阻碍不只是存在于
13:14
in the power of the
prison industrial complex
prison industrial complex
289
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2160
监狱工业体系的复杂状况和力量
13:16
or other vested interests
that want to keep things
that want to keep things
290
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2204
或其他想保住自己既得利益的人
13:18
the way they are,
291
786654
1426
希望一切保持一直以来的样子
13:20
but within each and every one of us.
292
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3840
而最主要是在于我们每个人。
13:24
It's our fears and our lack of knowledge
293
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4050
我们的恐惧，我们的缺乏了解
13:28
and imagination that stands
in the way of real reform.
in the way of real reform.
294
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6700
还有我们的想象力 这些才是改革路上真正的阻碍。
13:34
And ultimately, I think that
boils down to the kids,
boils down to the kids,
295
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4570
从根本上来说，我认为这都是为了孩子，
13:39
and to every parent's desire
to put our baby in a bubble,
to put our baby in a bubble,
296
807240
3745
因为每一位家长都希望自己的宝贝被保护在一个泡泡里，
13:43
and the fear that somehow
drugs will pierce that bubble
drugs will pierce that bubble
297
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3330
我们害怕毒品会以某种形式刺破这个泡泡
13:46
and put our young ones at risk.
298
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1929
把我们的年轻一辈置于危险之中。
13:48
In fact, sometimes it
seems like the entire
seems like the entire
299
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2070
其实，有时候看起来
整个禁毒战争好像很正当
13:50
War on Drugs gets justified
300
818314
1976
13:52
as one great big child protection act,
301
820290
3926
因为它是一个伟大的大型的儿童保护行动
13:56
which any young person
can tell you it's not.
can tell you it's not.
302
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3607
然而任何一个年轻人都会告诉你，事实并非如此。
14:00
So here's what I say to teenagers.
303
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4106
因此，这里我要对年轻人说：
14:04
First, don't do drugs.
304
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3686
第一，不要吸毒。
14:07
Second, don't do drugs.
305
835615
3790
第二，不要吸毒。
14:11
Third, if you do do drugs,
306
839405
3420
第三，如果你非要吸毒，
14:15
there's some things I want you to know,
307
842825
2542
有一些事情是我想让你知道的，
14:17
because my bottom line as your parent is,
308
845367
4043
因为我作为父母能够接受的底线是：
14:21
come home safely at the end of the night
309
849410
2981
每天晚上平平安安地回到家里，
14:24
and grow up and lead a
healthy and good adulthood.
healthy and good adulthood.
310
852391
3533
要好好长大，过一种健康的、美好的成年生活。
14:28
That's my drug education
mantra: Safety first.
mantra: Safety first.
311
855924
5613
这是我的禁毒教育口头禅：安全第一。
14:33
So this is what I've dedicated my life to,
312
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3656
所以，这就是我一生致力于做的事
14:37
to building an organization and a movement
313
865193
2508
要建立一个组织，推动一个运动
14:39
of people who believe we
need to turn our backs
need to turn our backs
314
867701
2860
让人们相信
我们应该转身放弃以前失败的禁令
14:42
on the failed prohibitions of the past
315
870561
2045
14:44
and embrace new drug
policies grounded in science,
policies grounded in science,
316
872606
2699
去接受一个基于科学、爱心、健康和尊重人权的新药物政策
14:47
compassion, health and human rights,
317
875305
2941
14:50
where people who come from
across the political spectrum
across the political spectrum
318
878246
2638
我们的成员来自不同的政治派别
14:53
and every other spectrum as well,
319
880884
1981
拥有各种不同的背景
14:55
where people who love our drugs,
320
882865
1734
有喜欢毒品的人
14:56
people who hate drugs,
321
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1339
有痛恨毒品的人
14:58
and people who don't give
a damn about drugs,
a damn about drugs,
322
885938
2312
还有根本不在乎毒品的人
15:00
but every one of us believes
that this War on Drugs,
that this War on Drugs,
323
888250
3434
但我们每个人都相信：禁毒战争
15:03
this backward, heartless,
disastrous War on Drugs,
disastrous War on Drugs,
324
891684
4247
这个落后的、无情的、灾难性的禁毒战争
15:08
has got to end.
325
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3099
必须得结束了。
15:11
Thank you.
326
899030
1843
谢谢
15:13
(Applause)
327
900873
5007
（掌声）
15:27
Thank you. Thank you.
328
915042
2680
谢谢。谢谢。
15:29
Chris Anderson: Ethan,
329
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2221
Chris Anderson：Ethan，
15:32
congrats — quite the reaction.
330
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恭喜——反应相当的热烈。
15:35
That was a powerful talk.
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真是个震撼的演讲。
15:38
Not quite a complete standing O, though,
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虽然不是所有人都起立鼓掌了
15:41
and I'm guessing that some people here
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而我猜测，在场观看的一些人
15:43
and maybe a few watching online,
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或者一些在网络上在线观看的人里
15:45
maybe someone knows a teenager or a friend
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会有人认识一些青少年或朋友
15:49
or whatever who got sick,
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或者不论是因毒品而生病
15:51
maybe died from some drug overdose.
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还是因为过量用药而去世
15:54
I'm sure you've had these
people approach you before.
people approach you before.
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我敢肯定，之前有这些人找过你
15:56
What do you say to them?
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你是怎样跟他们说的？
15:58
Ethan Nadelmann: Chris, the most
amazing thing that's happened of late
amazing thing that's happened of late
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Ethan Nadelmann：Chris，最近所发生最让人惊喜的事
16:00
is that I've met a growing number of people
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就是我碰到越来越多的人
16:03
who have actually
lost a sibling or a child
lost a sibling or a child
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那些失去兄弟姐妹或者子女
16:05
to a drug overdose,
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因为亲人滥用药物的人
16:07
and 10 years ago, those
people just wanted to say,
people just wanted to say,
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在10年前的话，他们只是会说：
16:09
let's line up all the drug
dealers and shoot them
dealers and shoot them
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把毒贩们排成一排拉出去枪毙了吧，
16:11
and that will solve it.
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这就会解决问题。
16:12
And what they've come to understand
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而现在他们渐渐明白的是
16:13
is that the Drug War did
nothing to protect their kids.
nothing to protect their kids.
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禁毒战争并没有保护到他们的孩子。
16:16
If anything, it made it more likely
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如果禁毒真的做了什么，那就是
16:18
that those kids were put at risk.
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让这些孩子们更容易处于危险之中。
16:20
And so they're now becoming part of this
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因此，他们现在成为了这个
16:22
drug policy reform movement.
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药物政策改革运动的一分子。
16:23
There's other people who have kids,
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还有一些家长，有多个孩子
16:25
one's addicted to alcohol, the other
one's addicted to cocaine or heroin,
one's addicted to cocaine or heroin,
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一个孩子嗜酒，另一个对可卡因或海洛因上瘾
16:29
and they ask themselves the question:
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他们问自己这样一个问题：
16:30
Why does this kid get to
take one step at a time
take one step at a time
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“为什么一个孩子可以一步一步
16:32
and try to get better
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努力变得更好；
16:34
and that one's got to deal with jail
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而另一个则要去面对监狱、
16:35
and police and criminals all the time?
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警察和罪犯呢？“
16:37
So everybody's understanding,
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因此大家现在理解了，
16:39
the Drug War's not protecting anybody.
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禁毒战争并没有保护任何人。
16:41
CA: Certainly in the U.S.,
you've got political gridlock
you've got political gridlock
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CA：显然在美国，在大多数问题上
16:43
on most issues.
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都存在政治僵局。
16:45
Is there any realistic chance of anything
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这些议题在5年内
16:47
actually shifting on this
issue in the next five years?
issue in the next five years?
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取得现实进展的机会大吗？
16:50
EN: I'd say it's quite remarkable.
I'm getting all these calls
I'm getting all these calls
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EN：我得说这是非常引人注目的。我总会接到一些电话
16:52
from journalists now who are saying to me,
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记者现在会跟我说：
16:54
"Ethan, it seems like the only two issues
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“Ethan，看起来如今在美国政治上
16:56
advancing politically in America right now
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唯一在进步的两个议题
16:58
are marijuana law reform and gay marriage.
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就是大麻政策改革和同性恋婚姻了。
17:01
What are you doing right?"
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你现在在做什么吗？“
17:03
And then you're looking at
bipartisanship breaking out
bipartisanship breaking out
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然后你会看到两党打破隔阂开始合作
17:05
with, actually, Republicans in the Congress
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通过…实际上，共和党努力在国会
17:07
and state legislatures
allowing bills to be enacted
allowing bills to be enacted
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和各州议会让法案颁布，
17:11
with majority Democratic support,
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（议案的通过）有赖于大多数民主党议员的支持
17:13
so we've gone from being sort of the third rail,
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所以，毒品这个议题，从一个不能踩的雷区，
17:15
the most fearful issue of American politics,
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美国政治中最可怕的问题，
17:17
to becoming one of the most successful.
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变成了最成功的议案之一。
17:20
CA: Ethan, thank you so much for coming to TEDGlobal.
EN: Chris, thanks so much.
EN: Chris, thanks so much.
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CA：Ethan，非常感谢你来到TED Global
17:22
CA: Thank you.
EN: Thank you. (Applause)
EN: Thank you. (Applause)
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EN：Chris，非常感谢。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ethan Nadelmann - Drug policy reformerEthan Nadelmann has ushered the once-marginal issue of drug legalization onto the center stage of US political debate.
Why you should listen
Once derided as the province of spaced-out collegiate activists, the fight to reform marijuana and other drug laws is becoming increasingly mainstream in the US -- thanks in large part to the Drug Policy Alliance and its founder, Ethan Nadelmann.
Nadelmann believes that America (and the world) is losing the war on drugs, with disastrous implications for marginalized communities, exploding prison populations, and law enforcement in general. His arguments have converted politicians and policy-makers on both sides of the aisle. And the debate is shifting, with US states such as Colorado legalizing marjuana for recreational use, and countries such as Uruguay taking similar steps.
More profile about the speakerNadelmann believes that America (and the world) is losing the war on drugs, with disastrous implications for marginalized communities, exploding prison populations, and law enforcement in general. His arguments have converted politicians and policy-makers on both sides of the aisle. And the debate is shifting, with US states such as Colorado legalizing marjuana for recreational use, and countries such as Uruguay taking similar steps.
Ethan Nadelmann | Speaker | TED.com