TEDxGatewayWomen
Aditi Gupta: A taboo-free way to talk about periods
阿迪提·古普塔: 谈论生理期不再是禁忌
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Readability: 4.5
1,676,262 views
确实，谈论经期会让很多人不舒服。这种禁忌有它的后果：在印度十分之三的女孩甚至在她们第一次月经时不知道月经是什么，各种有关月经的习俗限制造成了对年轻女孩的心理伤害。同这种禁忌一起长大的阿迪提·古普塔希望女孩，父母和老师谈论经期时可以更加舒服，不再需要怀着羞耻。她分享了她是如何做到的。
Aditi Gupta - Social entrepreneur, co-founder of Menstrupedia
Aditi Gupta uses storytelling and art to educate young girls about menstruation. Full bio
Aditi Gupta uses storytelling and art to educate young girls about menstruation. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Periods.
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例假
00:14
Blood.
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出血
00:15
Menstruation.
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月经
00:17
Gross.
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不雅
00:19
Secret.
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秘密
00:20
Hidden.
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遮掩
00:22
Why?
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为什么会这样呢？
00:24
A natural biological process
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作为一种自然的生理规律
00:26
that every girl and woman
goes through every month
goes through every month
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每个女孩和妇女在其一生中
有一半的时间
有一半的时间
00:30
for about half of her life.
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每个月都会经历例假。
00:32
A phenomenon that is so significant
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这个现象如此重要
00:35
that the survival and propagation
of our species depends on it.
of our species depends on it.
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以至于全人类的生存
和繁衍都要依赖于它。
和繁衍都要依赖于它。
00:40
Yet we consider it a taboo.
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然而我们却视它为禁忌。
00:43
We feel awkward
and shameful talking about it.
and shameful talking about it.
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我们谈论它时感到尴尬和羞耻。
00:47
When I got my first periods,
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我第一次来例假时，
00:49
I was told to keep it
a secret from others --
a secret from others --
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别人告诉我
不要将这件事告诉任何人
不要将这件事告诉任何人
00:52
even from my father and brother.
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哪怕是爸爸和哥哥。
00:55
Later when this chapter
appeared in our textbooks,
appeared in our textbooks,
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后来在教科书上
出现了有关例假的章节，
出现了有关例假的章节，
00:58
our biology teacher skipped the subject.
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但是生物老师直接跳过了内容。
01:00
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:04
You know what I learned from it?
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你知道我学到了什么吗？
01:06
I learned that it is really
shameful to talk about it.
shameful to talk about it.
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我学到了谈论例假
是非常羞耻的事。
是非常羞耻的事。
01:10
I learned to be ashamed of my body.
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我学到了为自己的身体感到羞耻
01:12
I learned to stay unaware of periods
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我学到了为了保持体面就得
01:15
in order to stay decent.
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假装不知道例假这件事。
01:18
Research in various parts of India
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印度各地的调查显示
01:20
shows that three out of every 10 girls
are not aware of menstruation
are not aware of menstruation
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十分之三的女孩第一次来例假时
01:25
at the time of their first periods.
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并不了解它。
01:27
And in some parts of Rajasthan
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在拉贾斯坦邦的一些地区
01:29
this number is as high as nine
out of 10 girls being unaware of it.
out of 10 girls being unaware of it.
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这一比例高达十分之九。
01:34
You'd be surprised to know
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你可能会感到惊讶
01:36
that most of the girls
that I have spoken to,
that I have spoken to,
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大多数我接触过的女孩
01:38
who did not know about periods
at the time of their first menstruation
at the time of their first menstruation
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在第一次来例假时
不知道例假是什么，
不知道例假是什么，
01:42
thought that they have got blood cancer
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她们以为她们得了血癌
01:44
and they're going to die soon.
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马上就要死了。
01:48
Menstrual hygiene
is a very important risk factor
is a very important risk factor
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经期卫生是导致女性生殖道感染
01:51
for reproductive tract infections.
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的重要风险因素。
01:55
But in India, only 12 percent
of girls and women
of girls and women
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但在印度
只有12%的女孩和妇女
只有12%的女孩和妇女
01:58
have access to hygienic ways
of managing their periods.
of managing their periods.
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拥有卫生的例假处理方式。
02:02
If you do the math,
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换句话说
02:04
88 percent of girls and women use
unhygienic ways to manage their periods.
unhygienic ways to manage their periods.
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88%的女孩和妇女
处理例假的方式都不卫生。
处理例假的方式都不卫生。
02:09
I was one of them.
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我就是其中之一。
02:11
I grew up in a small town
called Garhwa, in Jharkhand,
called Garhwa, in Jharkhand,
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我在拉贾斯坦邦的
一个叫做加瓦的小镇长大
一个叫做加瓦的小镇长大
02:14
where even buying a sanitary napkin
is considered shameful.
is considered shameful.
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在那里甚至买卫生棉都很丢脸。
02:18
So when I started getting my periods,
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所以当我来例假的时候，
02:20
I began with using rags.
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使用的都是布条。
02:24
After every use
I would wash and reuse them.
I would wash and reuse them.
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使用完我会清洗再利用。
02:27
But to store them,
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但是我得
02:28
I would hide and keep it
in a dark, damp place
in a dark, damp place
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找一个阴暗潮湿的地方把它藏起来，
02:31
so that nobody finds out
that I'm menstruating.
that I'm menstruating.
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这样就没人知道我在生理期了。
02:34
Due to repeated washing
the rags would become coarse,
the rags would become coarse,
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因为反复清洗布条变得粗糙，
02:37
and I would often get rashes
and infections using them.
and infections using them.
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我常常得皮疹和感染。
02:40
I wore these already for five years
until I moved out of that town.
until I moved out of that town.
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在离开了小镇之前，五年来我
一直用这样的方式处理例假。
一直用这样的方式处理例假。
02:47
Another issue
that periods brought in my life
that periods brought in my life
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另外一个例假带来的不便，
02:50
those of the social restrictions
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是社会强加在
02:52
that are imposed upon our girls
and women when they're on their periods.
and women when they're on their periods.
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月经期的女孩和妇女的一些限制。
02:56
I think you all must be aware of it,
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我想大家都有所耳闻，
02:59
but I'll still list it
for the few who don't.
for the few who don't.
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我将为那些不知道的人一一列举。
03:02
I was not allowed to touch or eat pickles.
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我不能碰也不能吃腌菜，
03:05
I was not allowed to sit on the sofa
or some other family member's bed.
or some other family member's bed.
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我不能坐在沙发上
也不能坐在其他家庭成员的床上
也不能坐在其他家庭成员的床上
03:10
I had to wash my bed sheet
after every period,
after every period,
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每次例假结束我都要清洗床单，
03:13
even if it was not stained.
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即使床单上没有污渍。
03:15
I was considered impure
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我被认定是不洁之人
03:17
and forbidden from worshipping or touching
any object of religious importance.
any object of religious importance.
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不允许参拜或触摸任何宗教物品。
03:22
You'll find signposts outside temples
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不允许经期女性进入庙宇
03:25
denying the entry
of menstruating girls and women.
of menstruating girls and women.
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的警示牌随处可见。
03:29
Ironically,
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讽刺的是，
03:30
most of the time it is the older woman
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这些限制往往是家族中
03:33
who imposes such restrictions
on younger girls in a family.
on younger girls in a family.
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年纪较大的女性
强加到年轻女性身上的。
强加到年轻女性身上的。
03:38
After all, they have grown up
accepting such restrictions as norms.
accepting such restrictions as norms.
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毕竟随她们长大她们接受这些限制
并且将其当成标准。
并且将其当成标准。
03:42
And in the absence of any intervention,
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在没有任何干预的情况下
03:45
it is the myth and misconception
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这样的传播和误解
03:47
that propagate
from generation to generation.
from generation to generation.
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一代一代的传播下来。
03:51
During my years of work in this field,
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在我研究这几年的研究中
03:53
I have even come across stories
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我甚至听到过
03:54
where girls have to eat
and wash their dishes separately.
and wash their dishes separately.
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女孩需要单独吃饭和洗碗
这样的故事
这样的故事
03:58
They're not allowed
to take baths during periods,
to take baths during periods,
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她们在经期不允许洗澡，
04:00
and in some households they are even
secluded from other family members.
secluded from other family members.
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有的家庭甚至把她们关起来
以防和其他家庭成员接触。
以防和其他家庭成员接触。
04:05
About 85 percent of girls
and women in India
and women in India
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在印度大约85%的女性
04:09
would follow one or more restrictive
customs on their periods every month.
customs on their periods every month.
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在例假期间都会至少遵循
一条这些限制性的习俗
一条这些限制性的习俗
04:15
Can you imagine what this does
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你能想象这对一个年轻女孩
04:16
to the self-esteem
and self-confidence of a young girl?
and self-confidence of a young girl?
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的自尊和自信产生什么样的影响吗？
04:20
The psychological trauma
that this inflicts,
that this inflicts,
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这造成的心理创伤
04:23
affecting her personality,
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可以影响女孩的性格
04:26
her academic performance
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学习成绩
04:27
and every single aspect of growing up
during her early formative years?
during her early formative years?
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和在早年性格形成过程中
每个方面的成长。
每个方面的成长。
04:33
I religiously followed all these
restrictive customs for 13 years,
restrictive customs for 13 years,
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我虔诚地遵循了13年的习俗
04:38
until a discussion with my partner, Tuhin,
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直到我和一个叫图新的朋友聊天
04:40
changed my perception
about menstruation forever.
about menstruation forever.
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让我永久的改变了对生理期的看法。
04:44
In 2009, Tuhin and I were pursuing
our postgraduation in design.
our postgraduation in design.
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2009年图新和我
都在读设计专业研究生。
都在读设计专业研究生。
04:49
We fell in love with each other
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我们彼此相爱
04:51
and I was at ease
discussing periods with him.
discussing periods with him.
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我和他谈论经期也比较自在。
04:54
Tuhin knew little about periods.
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图新不懂例假。
04:57
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
05:03
He was astonished to know
that girls get painful cramps
that girls get painful cramps
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当他知道女孩每个月有月经
甚至还要流血时
甚至还要流血时
05:07
and we bleed every month.
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震惊不已。
05:08
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
05:11
Yeah.
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是的。
05:12
He was completely shocked to know
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当他知道经期女性
05:14
about the restrictions that are imposed
upon menstruating girls and women
upon menstruating girls and women
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受到的家庭和社会
强加的种种限制后
强加的种种限制后
05:19
by their own families and their society.
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更加震惊不已。
05:22
In order to help me with my cramps,
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为了帮助我更好的度过月经
05:24
he would go on the Internet
and learn more about menstruation.
and learn more about menstruation.
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他会去搜索网络
学习更多经期知识
学习更多经期知识
05:28
When he shared his findings with me,
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当他和我分享月经知识的时候
05:30
I realized how little I knew
about menstruation myself.
about menstruation myself.
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我才意识到自己对月经知之甚少。
05:33
And many of my beliefs
actually turned out to be myths.
actually turned out to be myths.
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很多我之前所相信的都是假的。
05:38
That's when we wondered:
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我们怀疑：
05:39
if we, being so well educated,
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如果我们作为受过高等教育的人，
05:42
were so ill-informed about menstruation,
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都对月经知之甚少，
05:44
there would be millions of girls out there
who would be ill-informed, too.
who would be ill-informed, too.
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其它数百万的女孩知道的就更少了。
05:49
To study --
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为了研究
05:51
to understand the problem better,
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为了更好地研究这个问题，
05:52
I undertook a year-long research to study
the lack of awareness about menstruation
the lack of awareness about menstruation
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我用了一年的时间来
研究为什么月经问题一直被忽视
研究为什么月经问题一直被忽视
05:57
and the root cause behind it.
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和根植于背后的问题。
05:59
While it is generally believed
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为什么大家普遍认为
06:01
that menstrual unawareness
and misconception is a rural phenomenon,
and misconception is a rural phenomenon,
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对于月经的忽视和误解
是一个农村问题。
是一个农村问题。
06:07
during my research,
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在我的研究过程中，
06:08
I found that it is as much
an urban phenomenon as well.
an urban phenomenon as well.
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我发现它也是城市问题。
06:11
And it exists with the educated
urban class, also.
urban class, also.
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它在城市
受过良好教育的人群里也存在着。
受过良好教育的人群里也存在着。
06:17
While talking to many
parents and teachers,
parents and teachers,
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通过和许多家长和老师的讨论
06:19
I found that many of them actually
wanted to educate girls about periods
wanted to educate girls about periods
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我发现他们中很多人
实际上希望在女孩的月经来临前
实际上希望在女孩的月经来临前
06:25
before they have started
getting their menstrual cycle.
getting their menstrual cycle.
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告诉她月经的知识。
06:28
And --
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恩
06:30
but they lacked
the proper means themselves.
the proper means themselves.
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但是他们缺乏合适的方法。
06:33
And since it is a taboo,
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因为这是一个禁忌，
06:34
they feel inhibition
and shameful in talking about it.
and shameful in talking about it.
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他们在谈论
它的时候感觉压抑和羞耻。
它的时候感觉压抑和羞耻。
06:38
Girls nowadays get their periods
in classes six and seven,
in classes six and seven,
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现在女孩子大多在
六年级七年级开始来月经，
六年级七年级开始来月经，
06:43
but our educational curriculum
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但是我们的教育课程
06:45
teaches girls about periods
only in standard eight and nine.
only in standard eight and nine.
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在八，九年级的时候
才正式的讲月经的知识。
才正式的讲月经的知识。
06:49
And since it is a taboo,
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而且正因为它是禁忌，
06:52
teachers still
skip the subject altogether.
skip the subject altogether.
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老师们一起仍然跳过这些内容。
06:56
So school does not
teach girls about periods,
teach girls about periods,
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所以学校不告诉女孩经期知识，
07:01
parents don't talk about it.
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家长们也不谈论这些。
07:03
Where do the girls go?
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那些女孩怎么办呢？
07:05
Two decades ago and now --
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20年来直到今天
07:09
nothing has changed.
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一直都是这样。
07:12
I shared these finding with Tuhin
and we wondered:
and we wondered:
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我和图新分享了
这些发现之后我们认为
这些发现之后我们认为
07:14
What if we could create something
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我们应该创造一些东西
07:16
that would help girls understand
about menstruation on their own --
about menstruation on their own --
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来帮助女孩了解他们自己的生理期，
07:21
something that would help
parents and teachers
parents and teachers
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创造一些能够帮助家长和老师
07:25
talk about periods
comfortably to young girls?
comfortably to young girls?
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更舒服地和孩子们谈论生理期的东西。
07:29
During my research,
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在我的研究中，
07:31
I was collecting a lot of stories.
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我收集了很多故事。
07:33
These were stories of experiences
of girls during their periods.
of girls during their periods.
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这些女孩们在她们经期时的经验故事
07:38
These stories would make girls
curious and interested
curious and interested
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让其他女孩在这个
属于她们自己的圈子里
属于她们自己的圈子里
07:42
in talking about menstruation
in their close circle.
in their close circle.
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好奇并感兴趣地谈论这个问题。
07:46
That's what we wanted.
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这就是我们想要的。
07:47
We wanted something
that would make the girls curious
that would make the girls curious
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我们想让女孩通过好奇心的驱使
07:50
and drive them to learn about it.
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去学习月经知识。
07:53
We wanted to use these stories
to teach girls about periods.
to teach girls about periods.
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我们希望用这些故事
来告诉女孩什么事例假。
来告诉女孩什么事例假。
07:57
So we decided to create a comic book,
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所以我们决定写一本漫画书，
08:00
where the cartoon characters
would enact these stories
would enact these stories
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里面的卡通角色演绎了这些故事
08:03
and educate girls about menstruation
in a fun and engaging way.
in a fun and engaging way.
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并用风趣迷人的方式
告诉女孩子们生理期的知识。
告诉女孩子们生理期的知识。
08:08
To represent girls
in their different phases of puberty,
in their different phases of puberty,
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为了给不同青春期阶段的女孩
更好地展示，
更好地展示，
08:11
we have three characters.
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我们有三个人物。
08:13
Pinki, who has not gotten her period yet,
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平吉，她还没有开始例假，
08:16
Jiya who gets her period
during the narrative of the book
during the narrative of the book
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吉雅，她在这本书的叙述中
开始了例假，
开始了例假，
08:20
and Mira who has already
been getting her period.
been getting her period.
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还有米娅，她已经开始了例假。
08:23
There is a fourth character, Priya Didi.
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还有第四个角色，皮里亚·迪迪。
08:26
Through her, girls come to know
about the various aspects of growing up
about the various aspects of growing up
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通过她女孩们知道
人体成长的方方面面
人体成长的方方面面
08:29
and menstrual hygiene management.
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和经期卫生管理知识。
08:32
While making the book, we took great care
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在制作这本书的过程中，
08:34
that none of the illustrations
were objectionable in any way
were objectionable in any way
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我们确保每一张插画都不会引起读者的反感
08:38
and that it is culturally sensitive.
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和文化的敏感。
08:41
During our prototype testing,
we found that the girls loved the book.
we found that the girls loved the book.
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在我们第一版书的测试中
我们发现女孩很爱这本书。
我们发现女孩很爱这本书。
08:45
They were keen on reading it
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她们急不可待地读
08:46
and knowing more and more
about periods on their own.
about periods on their own.
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知道了越来越多
她们自己的经期的知识。
她们自己的经期的知识。
08:50
Parents and teachers were
comfortable in talking about periods
comfortable in talking about periods
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家长和老师使用这本书
给女孩们讲经期知识时
给女孩们讲经期知识时
08:53
to young girls using the book,
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也非常的舒服，
08:54
and sometimes even boys
were interested in reading it.
were interested in reading it.
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有的时候甚至男孩也对它感兴趣。
08:57
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
08:59
(Applause)
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（掌声）
09:03
The comic book helped
in creating an environment
in creating an environment
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这本漫画书改变了大众的氛围
09:07
where menstruation ceased to be a taboo.
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月经再也不是一个禁忌。
09:10
Many of the volunteers took this prototype
themselves to educate girls
themselves to educate girls
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在印度五个不同的地区
很多志愿者用这本书的初版
很多志愿者用这本书的初版
09:14
and take menstrual awareness workshops
in five different states in India.
in five different states in India.
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来教育女孩并且开展
提高月经认识的讲习班。
提高月经认识的讲习班。
09:18
And one of the volunteers
took this prototype to educate young monks
took this prototype to educate young monks
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甚至有一位志愿者
用这本书去教育年轻的僧人
用这本书去教育年轻的僧人
09:22
and took it to this monastery in Ladakh.
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把它带到了拉达克的寺庙中。
09:24
We made the final version of the book,
called "Menstrupedia Comic"
called "Menstrupedia Comic"
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我们这本书的最终版本
叫做“月经百科”漫画
叫做“月经百科”漫画
09:27
and launched in September last year.
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在去年九月正式出版。
09:31
And so far,
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到目前为止，
09:32
more than 4,000 girls have been
educated by using the book in India and --
educated by using the book in India and --
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在印度和其他十余个不同的国家
超过4000个女孩
超过4000个女孩
09:36
(Applause)
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（掌声）
09:39
Thank you.
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谢谢。
09:40
(Applause)
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（掌声）
09:46
And 10 different countries.
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受到了这本书的教育
09:49
We are constantly translating the book
into different languages
into different languages
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我们不断地把这本书翻译成不同的语言
09:52
and collaborating with local organizations
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不断地和当地的机构合作
09:54
to make this book available
in different countries.
in different countries.
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让这本书在不同的国家可以上市。
09:57
15 schools in different parts of India
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在印度15所来自不同地方的学校
10:00
have made this book
a part of their school curriculum
a part of their school curriculum
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把这本书纳入了教学课程之中
10:04
to teach girls about menstruation.
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来为女孩讲解经期知识。
10:05
(Applause)
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（掌声）
10:12
I am amazed to see how volunteers,
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我惊讶于志愿者
10:17
individuals, parents,
teachers, school principals,
teachers, school principals,
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个人，家长，老师，校长
10:21
have come together
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共同努力
10:23
and taken this menstrual awareness
drive to their own communities,
drive to their own communities,
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提升所在社区的女性生理意识，
10:27
have made sure that the girls
learn about periods at the right age
learn about periods at the right age
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确保女孩在正确的时间学习生理知识
10:31
and helped in breaking this taboo.
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并帮助破除这个禁忌。
10:35
I dream of a future
where menstruation is not a curse,
where menstruation is not a curse,
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我希望将来有一天
月经不再是一个诅咒，
月经不再是一个诅咒，
10:39
not a disease,
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不再是疾病，
10:40
but a welcoming change in a girl's life.
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而是一个女孩生命中
受到欢迎的转折点。
受到欢迎的转折点。
10:44
And I would --
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我希望
10:45
(Applause)
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（掌声）
10:49
And I would like to end this
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我希望在结尾
10:51
with a small request
to all the parents here.
to all the parents here.
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对各位家长提出一个小小的要求。
10:55
Dear parents,
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亲爱的家长们，
10:57
if you would be ashamed of periods,
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如果您对于例假感到羞耻，
10:59
your daughters would be, too.
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您的女儿也会一样。
11:01
So please be period positive.
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所以做一个积极面对例假的人。
11:04
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
11:05
Thank you.
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谢谢。
11:06
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aditi Gupta - Social entrepreneur, co-founder of MenstrupediaAditi Gupta uses storytelling and art to educate young girls about menstruation.
Why you should listen
Aditi Gupta is a social entrepreneur and co-founder of Menstrupedia, working towards spreading awareness about menstruation. While studying at the National Institute of Design as a Ford Foundation research scholar, she has conducted extensive research in understanding the scenario of menstrual unawareness in India and its impact on a girl's life. She has designed effective educational tools for girls and schools using storytelling and sequential art for educating young girls about periods in a society where the subject is a major taboo.
Menstrupedia Comic is a complete guide on periods designed by Menstrupedia team being used by more than 30 schools across India. The books are being distributed in other countries like Nepal, South America and Nigeria.
Gupta is a World Economic Forum Global Shaper and made it to the achiever's list of Forbes India 30 under 30 in 2014 for her work towards breaking the taboo around menstruation. She is a International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP) alumni. Her work has been featured in The Wall Street Journal, Reuters, CNBC and BBC. She aspires to create a future where menstruation is not a taboo but a welcoming change in a girl's life.
Aditi Gupta | Speaker | TED.com