TEDGlobal 2014
Michael Green: What the Social Progress Index can reveal about your country
邁克爾·格林: 社會進步指數可顯示你的國家的什麼呢？
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這個名詞「國內生產總值」經常被認為如同是「由神所定，刻在碑石上的」。但是這個概念是一位經濟學家在1920年左右所發明的。邁克爾·格林說：「我們需要一個更有效率的測量工具來配合21世紀的需要，那就是「社會進步指數」。以他的魅力和睿智，他解說這個工具如何以真正有關係的三個面相來評估社會。他同時揭示當你好好利用這個工具，它可造成一個國家非常不同的發展。
Michael Green - Social progress expert
Michael Green is part of the team that has created the Social Progress Index, a standard to rank societies based on how they meet the needs of citizens. Full bio
Michael Green is part of the team that has created the Social Progress Index, a standard to rank societies based on how they meet the needs of citizens. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
On January 4, 1934,
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1934年1月4日，
00:16
a young man delivered a report
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一位年輕人撰寫了一份報告，
00:19
to the United States Congress
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呈給美國國會。
00:21
that 80 years on,
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過了80年，
00:23
still shapes the lives of
everyone in this room today,
everyone in this room today,
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它仍影響著在座各位今天的生活。
00:28
still shapes the lives of
everyone on this planet.
everyone on this planet.
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它仍影響著地球上所有人的生活。
00:34
That young man wasn't a politician,
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那位年輕人並不是從政者，
00:37
he wasn't a businessman,
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他不是商人，
00:39
a civil rights activist
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亦非民權活動者，
00:40
or a faith leader.
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甚或信仰領袖，
00:42
He was that most unlikely of heroes,
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和英雄天差地遠，
00:45
an economist.
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他是經濟學家。
[西蒙．顧志耐]
他名叫西蒙．顧志耐
00:49
His name was Simon Kuznets
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00:51
and the report that
he delivered was called
he delivered was called
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他提交的報告則稱為
00:54
"National Income, 1929-1932."
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「國家收入：1929-1932年」
00:59
Now, you might think
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你們可能會想，
01:00
this is a rather dry and dull report.
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這報告應該很艱澀無趣吧。
01:03
And you're absolutely right.
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你完全正確。
01:05
It's dry as a bone.
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它無聊透頂。
01:08
But this report is the foundation
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但這報告是項基石，時至今日，
01:10
of how, today, we judge the
success of countries:
success of countries:
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我們都據此判斷國家的成功與否：
01:13
what we know best as
Gross Domestic Product,
Gross Domestic Product,
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亦即我們最常聽到的
「國内生產總值」，
「國内生產總值」，
01:17
GDP.
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GDP。
01:19
GDP has defined and shaped our lives
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GDP定義且形塑了我們的生活，
01:22
for the last 80 years.
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至今已80年。
01:24
And today I want to talk about
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今天我想要談的是
01:26
a different way to measure
the success of countries,
the success of countries,
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在未來80年
以另一種不同的方式
來衡量國家的成功，
來衡量國家的成功，
以另一種不同的方式，
來定義和形塑我們的生活。
來定義和形塑我們的生活。
01:30
a different way to define
and shape our lives
and shape our lives
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01:33
for the next 80 years.
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01:36
But first, we have to understand
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但首先，我們來了解一下，
01:38
how GDP came to
dominate our lives.
dominate our lives.
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GDP是如何主宰我們的生活。
01:42
Kuznets' report was delivered
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顧志耐的報告，
是在經濟危機的時候寫的。
01:44
at a moment of crisis.
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01:46
The U.S. economy was plummeting
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美國經濟在當時一落千丈，
造成了「經濟大蕭條」。
造成了「經濟大蕭條」。
01:48
into the Great Depression
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執政者想破頭，不知所措，
01:50
and policy makers were
struggling to respond.
struggling to respond.
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01:53
Struggling because they didn't
know what was going on.
know what was going on.
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不知所措是因為
他們根本不知道怎麼回事，
他們根本不知道怎麼回事，
01:56
They didn't have data and statistics.
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他們沒有數據或統計資料。
01:59
So what Kuznet's report gave them
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顧志耐的報告提供了
02:02
was reliable data on what
the U.S. economy
the U.S. economy
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有關美國經濟生產的可靠數據，
02:06
was producing,
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02:07
updated year by year.
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年復一年地更新。
02:10
And armed with this information,
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有了這些資訊，
02:12
policy makers were, eventually,
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執政者終於
02:14
able to find a way out
of the slump.
of the slump.
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能夠找出谷底翻身的方法，
02:18
And because Kuznets' invention
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且因為大家發現顧志耐的發明
非常有用，
非常有用，
02:19
was found to be so useful,
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02:21
it spread around the world.
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它傳到世界各地。
02:23
And now today, every country
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時至今日，每個國家
02:25
produces GDP statistics.
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都會做出國內生產總額的統計資料。
02:28
But, in that first report,
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然而，在那第一份報告裏，
02:31
Kuznets himself delivered a warning.
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顧志耐本人
在前言中提出一個警告
02:35
It's in the introductory chapter.
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02:37
On page seven he says,
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在第7頁裡他提到：
02:39
"The welfare of a nation can, therefore,
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「因此一個國家的利益福祉，
02:42
scarcely be inferred
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不應從
02:43
from a measurement of
national income
national income
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前述定義之衡量國家收入的
指數來推斷。」
指數來推斷。」
02:45
as defined above."
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02:47
It's not the greatest sound
bite in the world,
bite in the world,
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這並非偉大的世界名言，
02:50
and it's dressed up in the cautious
language of the economist.
language of the economist.
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而是經濟學者的謹慎囑咐，
02:54
But his message was clear:
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他很清楚地傳達：
02:56
GDP is a tool
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GDP實為一項工具，
02:58
to help us measure
economic performance.
economic performance.
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它協助我們量化經濟的表現，
03:01
It's not a measure
of our well-being.
of our well-being.
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而非人民福祉的衡量標準，
03:04
And it shouldn't be a guide
to all decision making.
to all decision making.
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不應將之做為導引所有決策的大旗。
03:09
But we have ignored Kuznets' warning.
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但我們忽視了顧志耐的警告。
03:12
We live in a world where
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我們身處的世界，
03:13
GDP is the benchmark of success
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GDP是全球經濟
成功與否的基準，
成功與否的基準，
03:16
in a global economy.
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政客醉心於GDP成長。
03:19
Our politicians boast when
GDP goes up.
GDP goes up.
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市場數以兆計的資金在全球活動，
03:22
Markets move
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03:23
and trillions of dollars of capital
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03:25
move around the world
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03:26
based on which countries
are going up
are going up
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基於於哪些國家經濟成長或衰退，
03:28
and which countries
are going down,
are going down,
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03:30
all measured in GDP.
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都是依據GDP來衡量。
03:33
Our societies have become
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我們的社會已變成
03:34
engines to create more GDP.
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只顧提高GDP數字的盲目機器。
03:38
But we know that GDP is flawed.
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但我們知道GDP並非完美，
03:42
It ignores the environment.
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它忽視環保議題，
03:44
It counts bombs and prisons as progress.
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它把炸彈的生產和
監獄的修建視為進步，
監獄的修建視為進步，
03:48
It can't count happiness or community.
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但卻無法計算人民幸福或社區，
03:51
And it has nothing to say
about fairness or justice.
about fairness or justice.
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亦無法反映公平與正義。
03:56
Is it any surprise that our world,
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你會驚訝嗎？
訝異於我們的世界，
訝異於我們的世界，
03:59
marching to the drumbeat of GDP,
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跟隨GDP的鼓聲大步向前，
04:02
is teetering on the brink
of environmental disaster
of environmental disaster
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正在環境災難的邊緣遙遙欲墜，
04:05
and filled with anger and conflict?
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四處充滿憤怒與衝突？
04:08
We need a better way
to measure our societies,
to measure our societies,
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我們需要更好的方式
來衡量我們的社會，
來衡量我們的社會，
04:13
a measure based on the real
things that matter to real people.
things that matter to real people.
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衡量人民真正在乎的事物。
04:18
Do I have enough to eat?
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我是否能糊口？
04:20
Can I read and write?
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能否讀和寫？
04:22
Am I safe?
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是否安居樂業？
04:24
Do I have rights?
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是否擁有人權？
04:26
Do I live in a society where
I'm not discriminated against?
I'm not discriminated against?
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社會是否平等、沒有歧視？
04:29
Is my future and the future of my children
prevented from environmental destruction?
prevented from environmental destruction?
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我的未來後代、子孫的未來
是否不會受環境破壞所影響？
是否不會受環境破壞所影響？
04:36
These are questions that GDP
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這些問題都是GDP
04:38
does not and cannot answer.
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不會也不能回答的。
04:43
There have, of course,
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在過去，當然，
04:44
been efforts in the past
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已有一些努力，
04:45
to move beyond GDP.
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希望跨越GDP。
04:48
But I believe that we're living
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我相信我們正處於
最適合革新測量標準的時刻，
最適合革新測量標準的時刻，
04:49
in a moment when we
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04:51
are ready for a measurement revolution.
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04:54
We're ready because we've seen,
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我們覺得水到渠成了，
因為我們看見2008年的金融危機
04:57
in the financial crisis of 2008,
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04:59
how our fetish for economic growth
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肇因於對經濟成長的盲目崇拜
而迷失方向，
而迷失方向，
05:02
led us so far astray.
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05:04
We've seen, in the Arab Spring,
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我們看到，在阿拉伯之春，
05:07
how countries like Tunisia
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本應為經濟超級新星的
突尼西亞等國家，
突尼西亞等國家，
05:08
were supposedly economic superstars,
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05:11
but they were societies
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國內社會卻瀰漫不滿的聲音。
05:13
that were seething with discontentment.
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05:16
We're ready, because today
we have the technology
we have the technology
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一切水到渠成了，因為現今科技
05:20
to gather and analyze data
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足以收集並分析更多數據，
05:22
in ways that would have been
unimaginable to Kuznets.
unimaginable to Kuznets.
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大大超越了過去顧志耐的想像，
05:26
Today, I'd like to introduce you
to the Social Progress Index.
to the Social Progress Index.
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今天，我要向各位介紹
「社會進步指數」
（Social Progress Index)，
（Social Progress Index)，
05:31
It's a measure of the
well-being of society,
well-being of society,
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它是評估社會人民的福祉的標準，
05:34
completely separate from GDP.
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和GDP涇渭分明。
05:36
It's a whole new way
of looking at the world.
of looking at the world.
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[社會進步指數]
這是以一個全新的視角觀看世界。
這是以一個全新的視角觀看世界。
05:40
The Social Progress Index
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[社會進步指數]
社會進步指數
社會進步指數
05:42
begins by defining what it
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始於定義何謂理想的社會，
05:43
means to be a good society
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05:45
based around three dimensions.
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它基於三個面向：
05:48
The first is, does everyone have
the basic needs for survival:
the basic needs for survival:
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第一：
是否滿足人人的基本生存需求？
是否滿足人人的基本生存需求？
05:53
food, water, shelter, safety?
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如食物、水、住所、安全？
05:55
Secondly, does everyone have
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第二：
是否人人皆擁有
是否人人皆擁有
05:58
access to the building blocks
to improve their lives:
to improve their lives:
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提昇生活品質的基礎要素，
06:01
education, information, health
and sustainable environment?
and sustainable environment?
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如教育、資訊、健康及永續環境？
06:05
And then third, does every
individual have access
individual have access
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第三：
是否人人皆有
是否人人皆有
追求自我實現
目標、理想、抱負的可能性？
目標、理想、抱負的可能性？
06:09
to a chance to pursue their goals
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06:12
and dreams and ambitions
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06:14
free from obstacles?
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不受任何阻礙？
06:15
Do they have rights,
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他們是否擁有人權，
06:16
freedom of choice,
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自由選擇的權利、
06:18
freedom from discrimination
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不受歧視的權利、
06:19
and access to the the world's
most advanced knowledge?
most advanced knowledge?
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以及接觸世界最先進知識的權利？
06:23
Together, these 12 components
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這12個項目共同組成
06:26
form the Social Progress framework.
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「社會進步」的架構。
06:30
And for each of these 12 components,
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12項中的每一項，
06:32
we have indicators to measure
how countries are performing.
how countries are performing.
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我們設定了量測基準，
來評估每個國家的表現，
來評估每個國家的表現，
06:35
Not indicators of effort or intention,
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不是考量努力程度、或是意向，
06:38
but real achievement.
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而是考量實際的成果。
06:40
We don't measure how much
a country spends on healthcare,
a country spends on healthcare,
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我們不計算國家健保支出，
06:44
we measure the length and
quality of people's lives.
quality of people's lives.
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我們量測國民壽命長短及生活品質。
06:48
We don't measure whether governments
pass laws against discrimination,
pass laws against discrimination,
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我們不考量政府是否通過反歧視法案，
06:53
we measure whether people
experience discrimination.
experience discrimination.
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我們量測民眾受歧視的親身經驗。
06:57
But what you want to know
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但你們最想知道的，
應該是各國排名，對吧？
應該是各國排名，對吧？
06:58
is who's top, don't you?
(Laughter)
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
07:01
I knew that, I knew that, I knew that.
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我明白，我明白，我明白。
07:03
Okay, I'm going to show you.
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好，我給大家看看，
07:05
I'm going to show you on this chart.
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我給你們看看這張圖表。
07:07
So here we are,
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來了，
07:08
what I've done here is put on the
vertical axis social progress.
vertical axis social progress.
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這邊我把社會進步放在縱軸，
07:13
Higher is better.
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越高表示越好，
07:14
And then, just for comparison,
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然後，我們來比較一下，
07:16
just for fun,
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好玩嘛，
07:17
on the horizontal axis
is GDP per capita.
is GDP per capita.
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橫軸代表人均GDP。
07:21
Further to the right is more.
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越右邊表示越高。
07:23
So the country in the world
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所以世界上
07:26
with the highest social progress,
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擁有最高的社會進步，
07:30
the number one country on social progress
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社會進步第一高的國家
07:33
is New Zealand.
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是 ‧ ‧ ‧ ‧ ‧
紐西蘭。
07:36
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
07:40
Well done! Never been; must go.
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做得好！我沒去過那，必須去一下。
07:43
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
07:45
The country with the least social progress,
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社會進步最低的國家，
07:48
I'm sorry to say, is Chad.
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很抱歉我必須說，是查德。
07:50
I've never been; maybe next year.
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我沒去過那，或許明年吧。
07:53
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
07:55
Or maybe the year after.
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或者後年吧。
07:57
Now, I know what you're thinking.
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好，我知道你們在想什麼，
07:59
You're thinking, "Aha,
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你們在想：「啊哈，
08:00
but New Zealand has a higher GDP
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但是紐西蘭的GDP
比查德高喔！
比查德高喔！
08:02
than Chad!"
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但是紐西蘭的GDP
比查德高喔！」
比查德高喔！」
08:04
It's a good point, well made.
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你說得對，說得好。
08:07
But let me show you
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但我給大家瞧瞧
08:08
two other countries.
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另外兩個國家。
08:10
Here's the United States —
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請看美國 －
08:12
considerably richer than New Zealand,
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2747
遠比紐西蘭有錢，
08:15
but with a lower level of social progress.
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但社會進步程度相對較低。
08:17
And then here's Senegal —
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然後請看塞內加爾 －
08:20
it's got a higher level of
social progress than Chad,
social progress than Chad,
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社會進步程度優於查德，
08:24
but the same level of GDP.
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但GDP水準相同。
08:26
So what's going on? Well, look.
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這怎麼回事？好，看著，
08:28
Let me bring in the rest of
the countries of the world,
the countries of the world,
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我來把其他世界各國都放上來，
08:30
the 132 we've been able to measure,
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共132國，只要我們能夠測量的
08:32
each one represented by a dot.
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一個點代表一個國家。
08:35
There we go. Lots of dots.
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來了，一堆點。
08:36
Now, obviously I can't do all of them,
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顯然我無法逐一說明，
我給大家提示幾個，
我給大家提示幾個，
08:38
so a few highlights for you:
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08:40
The highest ranked G7 country is Canada.
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七大工業國(G7)裡面，
排名最高的是加拿大。
排名最高的是加拿大。
08:44
My country, the United Kingdom,
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我的祖國，英國呢，
08:46
is sort of middling, sort of dull,
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位居中間，中庸無聊，
08:49
but who cares —
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管他的...
08:51
at least we beat the French.
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好歹我們贏法國啦。
08:53
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
（掌聲）
09:00
And then looking at the
emerging economies,
emerging economies,
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然後看看發展中的經濟體，
09:03
top of the BRICS,
pleased to say, is Brazil.
pleased to say, is Brazil.
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金磚四國第一名，
很高興宣佈：巴西。
很高興宣佈：巴西。
09:06
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
09:08
Come on, cheer!
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來啦，歡呼一下！
09:09
Go, Brazil!
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1942
巴西加油！
09:11
Beating South Africa,
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打敗南非、
09:13
then Russia,
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俄國、
09:14
then China
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1134
中國、
09:15
and then India.
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1574
以及印度。
09:17
Tucked away on the right-hand side,
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2365
藏在右手邊的，
09:19
you will see a dot of a
country with a lot of GDP
country with a lot of GDP
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3353
你們可以看到那個點
有很高的GDP，
有很高的GDP，
09:23
but not a huge amount
of social progress —
of social progress —
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1943
但社會進步指數不高的：
09:24
that's Kuwait.
208
552968
1978
科威特。
09:26
Just above Brazil
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1691
另一個高於巴西的
09:28
is a social progress superpower —
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2319
是社會進步的強力代表：
09:30
that's Costa Rica.
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哥斯大黎加。
09:32
It's got a level of social progress the same
as some Western European countries,
as some Western European countries,
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它的生活進步
和一些西方國家旗鼓相當，
和一些西方國家旗鼓相當，
09:36
with a much lower GDP.
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1969
GDP卻低很多。
09:38
Now, my slide is getting
a little cluttered
a little cluttered
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2282
好，現在投影片畫面有點滿，
09:40
and I'd like to step back a bit.
215
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1682
我要退後點看，
09:42
So let me take away these countries,
216
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把國家名稱拿掉、
09:43
and then pop in the regression line.
217
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2914
秀出回歸線，
09:46
So this shows the average relationship
218
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1653
如此可以顯出平均GDP
和平均生活水準的相對關係。
和平均生活水準的相對關係。
09:48
between GDP and social progress.
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2511
如此可以顯出平均GDP
和平均社會進步的相對關係。
和平均社會進步的相對關係。
09:50
The first thing to notice,
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首先注意看，
09:53
is that there's lots of noise
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1855
趨勢線附近有很多偏移點，
09:54
around the trend line.
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1697
趨勢線附近有很多偏移點，
09:56
And what this shows,
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1585
這表示，
09:58
what this empirically demonstrates,
224
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2882
這個基於經驗顯示的是，
10:01
is that GDP is not destiny.
225
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3035
GDP不是一切。
10:04
At every level of GDP per capita,
226
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相同的人均GDP水準，
10:07
there are opportunities
for more social progress,
for more social progress,
227
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3198
人民的社會進步可能較高，
10:10
risks of less.
228
598593
2003
也可能更差。
10:12
The second thing to notice
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1460
第二件事：
10:14
is that for poor countries,
230
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2503
就是對貧窮國家來說
10:16
the curve is really steep.
231
604559
1973
上升斜率很大，
10:18
So what this tells us is that
232
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1275
意思是說，
10:19
if poor countries can get
233
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1253
貧窮國家只要
10:21
a little bit of extra GDP,
234
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1894
增加一點點GDP，
10:22
and if they reinvest that
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1783
將其投入在
10:24
in doctors, nurses, water supplies,
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2672
醫護資源、水資源、
10:27
sanitation, etc.,
237
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1373
衛生條件等等，
10:28
there's a lot of social progress bang
238
616782
2019
只要一點點GDP
就能有長足的社會進步。
就能有長足的社會進步。
10:30
for your GDP buck.
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1586
只要一點點GDP
就能有長足的社會進步。
就能有長足的社會進步。
10:32
And that's good news, and that's what
we've seen over the last 20, 30 years,
we've seen over the last 20, 30 years,
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這是個好消息啊，
也是我們這二、三十年看到的，
也是我們這二、三十年看到的，
10:35
with a lot of people lifted out of poverty
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2001
以經濟成長和良善政策
讓落後國家的民眾脫離貧困。
讓落後國家的民眾脫離貧困。
10:37
by economic growth and good policies
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625963
2210
以經濟成長和良善政策
讓落後國家的民眾脫離貧困。
讓落後國家的民眾脫離貧困。
10:40
in poorer countries.
243
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1872
以經濟成長和良善政策
讓落後國家的民眾脫離貧困。
讓落後國家的民眾脫離貧困。
10:42
But go on a bit further up the curve,
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2197
不過跟著曲線再往上走，
10:44
and then we see it flattening out.
245
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2109
趨勢變得比較平緩。
10:46
Each extra dollar of GDP
246
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2252
多出來的GDP，
10:48
is buying less and less social progress.
247
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3236
換得的社會進步程度就低很多，
10:51
And with more and more
of the world's population
of the world's population
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2674
而世界上越來越多的人口
10:54
living on this part of the curve,
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2563
都是在這個區間生存，
10:57
it means GDP is becoming
250
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2224
也就意味著GDP變得
10:59
less and less useful
251
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1784
越來越沒用，
11:01
as a guide to our development.
252
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2516
無法卻引導未來的發展。
11:03
I'll show you an example of Brazil.
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2147
我給大家看看巴西的例子。
11:05
Here's Brazil:
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1223
這是巴西，
11:06
social progress of about 70 out of 100,
255
654970
2867
人民生活水準
滿分100裡面拿了70分，
滿分100裡面拿了70分，
11:09
GDP per capita about
14,000 dollars a year.
14,000 dollars a year.
256
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2494
一年人均GDP約1萬4千美元。
11:12
And look, Brazil's above the line.
257
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2921
瞧，巴西優於回歸預測線。
11:15
Brazil is doing a reasonably good job
258
663256
1886
在移轉GDP到社會進步發展上，
巴西做得很好。
巴西做得很好。
11:17
of turning GDP into social progress.
259
665142
3325
在移轉GDP到社會進步發展上，
巴西做得很好。
巴西做得很好。
11:20
But where does Brazil go next?
260
668467
1987
但巴西接下來該往哪兒走？
11:22
Let's say that Brazil
261
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1512
或許巴西想要
11:23
adopts a bold economic plan
262
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1772
採取大膽的經濟方案，
11:25
to double GDP in the next decade.
263
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2303
希望十年內讓GDP翻一倍，
11:28
But that is only half a plan.
264
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3616
但那只計劃了一半，
11:31
It's less than half a plan,
265
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2277
甚至一半都不到啊。
11:33
because where does Brazil
want to go on social progress?
want to go on social progress?
266
681934
3248
因為，巴西人民的社會進步
該何去何從呢？
該何去何從呢？
11:37
Brazil, it's possible
267
685186
2318
巴西，你可以
11:39
to increase your growth,
268
687504
1735
讓經濟成長，
11:41
increase your GDP,
269
689239
1577
提昇GDP，
11:42
while stagnating or going backwards
270
690816
1890
然而生活水準可能會退步或低迷，
11:44
on social progress.
271
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1349
然而社會進步可能會退步或低迷，
11:46
We don't want Brazil
272
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1186
我們不希望巴西
11:47
to become like Russia.
273
695241
1732
向俄國看齊。
11:48
What you really want is for Brazil
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696973
2315
我們真心希望巴西
11:51
to get ever more efficient at creating
social progress from its GDP,
social progress from its GDP,
275
699288
4953
它的GDP可以有效地
創造更好的社會進步，
創造更好的社會進步，
11:56
so it becomes more like New Zealand.
276
704241
2298
希望它朝紐西蘭的方向邁進。
11:58
And what that means is that
277
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1580
那就表示，
12:00
Brazil needs to prioritize social progress
278
708119
2657
巴西的發展藍圖
應該將生活水準放在優先順位，
應該將生活水準放在優先順位，
12:02
in its development plan
279
710776
1692
12:04
and see that it's not just growth alone,
280
712468
2412
不只看到經濟的成長，
12:06
it's growth with social progress.
281
714880
2652
而是要伴隨著社會進步的提昇。
12:09
And that's what the Social
Progress Index does:
Progress Index does:
282
717532
2618
這就是「社會進步指標」的作用：
12:12
It reframes the debate about development,
283
720150
2610
它對國家發展的爭議重新定義，
不僅止於GDP，
不僅止於GDP，
12:14
not just about GDP alone,
284
722760
2060
12:16
but inclusive, sustainable growth
285
724820
2579
更包含永續的發展，
12:19
that brings real improvements
in people's lives.
in people's lives.
286
727399
4419
為人民的生活帶來真正的改善。
12:23
And it's not just about countries.
287
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2576
而且不只是國家的而已。
12:26
Earlier this year,
288
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2790
今年初，
12:29
with our friends from the Imazon
nonprofit here in Brazil,
nonprofit here in Brazil,
289
737184
4567
與一些我們在巴西的一個非營利組織
「伊馬遜」的朋友
「伊馬遜」的朋友
12:33
we launched the first subnational
Social Progress Index.
Social Progress Index.
290
741751
4657
我們首次發佈了第一個地方政府的
社會進步指數，
社會進步指數，
12:38
We did it for the Amazon region.
291
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2460
那是亞馬遜地區的。
12:40
It's an area the size of
Europe, 24 million people,
Europe, 24 million people,
292
748868
3787
該地區面積和歐洲大陸相同，
2千4百萬人口，
2千4百萬人口，
12:44
one of the most deprived
parts of the country.
parts of the country.
293
752656
2428
是巴西國內最為落後的區域，
12:47
And here are the results,
294
755084
1910
調查結果如圖。
12:48
and this is broken down
295
756994
1635
統計結果
細分到自治市層級(近800個)，
細分到自治市層級(近800個)，
12:50
into nearly 800 different municipalities.
296
758629
3504
12:54
And with this detailed information
297
762133
1683
有了這些細部的資訊，
12:55
about the real quality of life
298
763816
2218
反應此區域真實的生活品質，
12:58
in this part of the country,
299
766034
1943
「伊馬遜」和配合的政府機構、
商業和民間單位
商業和民間單位
12:59
Imazon and other partners
300
767977
1980
13:01
from government,
business and civil society
business and civil society
301
769957
2329
「伊馬遜」和配合的政府機構、
商業和民間社群
商業和民間社群
13:04
can work together to construct
302
772286
1714
可以共同合作
打造出一項發展計畫，
打造出一項發展計畫，
13:06
a development plan
303
774000
1677
13:07
that will help really improve
people's lives,
people's lives,
304
775677
2337
協助真正地提昇人民生活水準，
13:10
while protecting that
precious global asset
precious global asset
305
778014
3236
同時並保護地球的珍貴資產：
亞馬遜雨林。
亞馬遜雨林。
13:13
that is the Amazon Rainforest.
306
781250
2971
同時並保護地球的珍貴資產：
亞馬遜雨林。
亞馬遜雨林。
13:16
And this is just the beginning,
307
784221
1901
這只是個開始。
13:18
You can create a Social Progress Index
308
786122
2379
你可以為任何州、郡、市、縣，
做出社會進步指標，
做出社會進步指標，
13:20
for any state, region,
city or municipality.
city or municipality.
309
788501
5155
你可以為任何州、郡、市、縣，
做出社會進步指標，
做出社會進步指標，
13:25
We all know and love TEDx;
310
793656
2073
大家都知道也喜愛「TEDx」嘛，
就仿效稱之為「社會進步x」吧。
就仿效稱之為「社會進步x」吧。
13:27
this is Social Pogress-x.
311
795729
2242
13:29
This is a tool for anyone to come and use.
312
797971
3194
它是任何人都能使用的工具，
13:33
Contrary to the way we
sometimes talk about it,
sometimes talk about it,
313
801165
2880
相對於我們常說
13:36
GDP was not handed down from
God on tablets of stone. (Laughter)
God on tablets of stone. (Laughter)
314
804045
6320
GDP可不是由神所定，
刻在碑石上的啊。（笑聲）
刻在碑石上的啊。（笑聲）
13:42
It's a measurement tool
invented in the 20th century
invented in the 20th century
315
810365
3995
GDP是20世紀發明的量測工具，
13:46
to address the challenges
of the 20th century.
of the 20th century.
316
814360
4792
用以面對20世紀的挑戰。
13:51
In the 21st century,
317
819152
1852
但在21世紀，
13:53
we face new challenges:
318
821004
2452
我們面臨新的難題，
13:55
aging, obesity, climate change, and so on.
319
823456
3108
人口老化、肥胖、氣候變遷等等，
13:58
To face those challenges,
320
826564
1659
要面對這些挑戰，
14:00
we need new tools of measurement,
321
828223
2020
我們需要新的尺度工具，
14:02
new ways of valuing progress.
322
830243
3754
新的評價機制。
14:05
Imagine if we could measure
323
833997
2398
想像如果我們可以測量
14:08
what nonprofits, charities,
324
836395
2530
非營利、慈善機構、
14:10
volunteers, civil society organizations
325
838925
1969
志工、民間社會團體
14:12
really contribute to our society.
326
840894
3806
對我們社會真正的貢獻。
14:16
Imagine if businesses competed
327
844700
3068
想像若商業競爭
14:19
not just on the basis of
their economic contribution,
their economic contribution,
328
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不只是基於對經濟的貢獻，
14:23
but on their contribution
to social progress.
to social progress.
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而是對社會進步的貢獻。
14:27
Imagine if we could hold
politicians to account
politicians to account
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想像我們可以要求從政者重視
14:30
for really improving people's lives.
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真正對人民生活有助益的事。
14:35
Imagine if we could work together —
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想像若我們能攜手合作 －
14:38
government, business,
civil society, me, you —
civil society, me, you —
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政府、商界、民間社群、我、你...
14:43
and make this century the
century of social progress.
century of social progress.
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讓這個世紀成為社會進步的新紀元。
14:48
Thank you.
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謝謝。
14:49
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael Green - Social progress expertMichael Green is part of the team that has created the Social Progress Index, a standard to rank societies based on how they meet the needs of citizens.
Why you should listen
In his book Philanthrocapitalism (co-authored with Economist business editor Matthew Bishop), Michael Green defined a new model for social change built on partnerships between wealthy businesses, governments and community organizations. Shortly thereafter, Bishop floated the idea of a “Social Competiveness Index,” the idea that one day countries would compete with one another to be the most socially advanced, in the same way as they now compete to be economic top dog. Green loved it and decided to turn it into reality.
Teaming up with Avina's president Brizio Biondi-Morra, Sally Osberg of the Skoll Foundation and many other thought leaders from businesses and foundations, he began work on what would become the Social Progress Imperative, of which he's now CEO. Later they were joined by Harvard management guru Michael E. Porter, who became chairman of the SPI's advisory board. The first Social Progress Index was published in 2014.
Michael Green | Speaker | TED.com