TEDSummit
Isaac Lidsky: What reality are you creating for yourself?
艾薩克·利茨基: 你為自己創造了怎麼的真實？
Filmed:
Readability: 4.3
3,193,473 views
真實不是你感知的東西；它是你在腦海中創造的東西。艾薩克·利茨基以第一身經驗學懂了這重要道理，從他出乎意料的人生境遇收獲了這珍貴領悟。在這自我反省的個人演講中，他強烈建議我們摒棄藉口、假設和恐懼，並接受我們作為自己真實的創造者的重大責任。
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
When Dorothy was a little girl,
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當桃樂絲仍是小女孩時，
00:14
she was fascinated by her goldfish.
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她對她的金魚著迷
00:17
Her father explained to her that fish swim
by quickly wagging their tails
by quickly wagging their tails
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她爸爸向她解釋，魚靠擺動尾巴
00:20
to propel themselves through the water.
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來推動自己在水中前進。
00:23
Without hesitation,
little Dorothy responded,
little Dorothy responded,
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毫不猶豫地，小桃樂絲回應，
00:25
"Yes, Daddy, and fish swim backwards
by wagging their heads."
by wagging their heads."
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「是的，爸爸，
魚靠搖頭來向後游泳。」
魚靠搖頭來向後游泳。」
00:28
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
00:30
In her mind, it was a fact
as true as any other.
as true as any other.
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在她腦海中，這是個不爭的事實。
00:32
Fish swim backwards
by wagging their heads.
by wagging their heads.
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魚靠搖頭來向後游泳。
00:35
She believed it.
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她相信這件事。
00:37
Our lives are full
of fish swimming backwards.
of fish swimming backwards.
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我們的生活充滿向後游泳的魚。
00:40
We make assumptions
and faulty leaps of logic.
and faulty leaps of logic.
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我們作出假設和邏輯上的錯誤跳躍。
00:42
We harbor bias.
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我們懷有偏見。
00:44
We know that we are right,
and they are wrong.
and they are wrong.
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我們認為我們對，而他們錯。
00:46
We fear the worst.
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我們害怕最壞的情況。
00:48
We strive for unattainable perfection.
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我們力求不可達到的完美。
00:50
We tell ourselves
what we can and cannot do.
what we can and cannot do.
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我們告訴自己可以
和不可以做的事。
和不可以做的事。
00:53
In our minds, fish swim by in reverse
frantically wagging their heads
frantically wagging their heads
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在我們腦海里，魚瘋狂地
搖著頭向後游
搖著頭向後游
00:58
and we don't even notice them.
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而我們甚至不曾察覺。
01:01
I'm going to tell you
five facts about myself.
five facts about myself.
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我將告訴你五件關於我的事。
01:03
One fact is not true.
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有一件是假的。
01:05
One: I graduated from Harvard at 19
with an honors degree in mathematics.
with an honors degree in mathematics.
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第一：我 19 歲於哈佛畢業，
獲得數學榮譽學士學位。
獲得數學榮譽學士學位。
01:11
Two: I currently run
a construction company in Orlando.
a construction company in Orlando.
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第二：我現在在奧蘭多
經營一間建築公司。
經營一間建築公司。
01:16
Three: I starred on a television sitcom.
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第三：我曾在
電視的情景喜劇中演出。
電視的情景喜劇中演出。
01:21
Four: I lost my sight
to a rare genetic eye disease.
to a rare genetic eye disease.
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第四：我因為患有罕見遺傳性眼疾
而失去視覺。
而失去視覺。
01:26
Five: I served as a law clerk
to two US Supreme Court justices.
to two US Supreme Court justices.
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第五：我曾是兩位
美國最高法院大法官的法律助理。
美國最高法院大法官的法律助理。
01:32
Which fact is not true?
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哪一件是假的？
01:35
Actually, they're all true.
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其實，都是真的。
01:38
Yeah. They're all true.
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對。都是真的。
01:40
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
01:44
At this point, most people really
only care about the television show.
only care about the television show.
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在這一刻，大部分人
其實只在乎那電視節目。
其實只在乎那電視節目。
01:48
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:51
I know this from experience.
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這是經驗告訴我的。
01:54
OK, so the show was NBC's
"Saved by the Bell: The New Class."
"Saved by the Bell: The New Class."
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那節目是 NBC 的
「救命下課鈴之新班級」。
「救命下課鈴之新班級」。
01:57
And I played Weasel Wyzell,
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我出演 Weasel Wyzell 的角色，
02:02
who was the sort of dorky,
nerdy character on the show,
nerdy character on the show,
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有點學究、書呆子的性格，
02:06
which made it a very
major acting challenge
major acting challenge
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對於13歲的我來說，
這是很大的演出挑戰。
02:11
for me as a 13-year-old boy.
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02:12
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
02:15
Now, did you struggle
with number four, my blindness?
with number four, my blindness?
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那你是否很難相信
第四件事，我的失明？
第四件事，我的失明？
02:19
Why is that?
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為什麼這樣？
02:21
We make assumptions
about so-called disabilities.
about so-called disabilities.
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我們有一些關於
所謂殘疾的假設。
所謂殘疾的假設。
02:24
As a blind man, I confront
others' incorrect assumptions
others' incorrect assumptions
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身為盲人，我每天面對別人
02:27
about my abilities every day.
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對於我能力的錯誤假設。
02:30
My point today is not
about my blindness, however.
about my blindness, however.
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但是我今天想說的
不是關於我看不到甚麼，
不是關於我看不到甚麼，
02:33
It's about my vision.
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而是闗於我看到甚麼。
02:35
Going blind taught me
to live my life eyes wide open.
to live my life eyes wide open.
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失明教會我
睜開雙眼去生活。
睜開雙眼去生活。
02:40
It taught me to spot
those backwards-swimming fish
those backwards-swimming fish
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它教會我找出
我們在腦海里創造的，
我們在腦海里創造的，
02:42
that our minds create.
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那些向後游的魚。
02:44
Going blind cast them into focus.
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失明將它們置於
我的關注焦點中。
我的關注焦點中。
02:47
What does it feel like to see?
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看見是怎樣的感覺？
02:50
It's immediate and passive.
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它是即時而且被動的。
02:52
You open your eyes and there's the world.
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你張開眼睛，世界就在眼前。
02:54
Seeing is believing. Sight is truth.
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看見即是相信。所見即是真相。
02:57
Right?
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對嗎？
02:59
Well, that's what I thought.
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嗯，這是我當時的想法。
03:01
Then, from age 12 to 25,
my retinas progressively deteriorated.
my retinas progressively deteriorated.
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然後，由 12 至 25 歲，
我的視網膜逐漸衰退。
我的視網膜逐漸衰退。
03:07
My sight became an increasingly bizarre
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我看到的影像變得好像
逐漸變得奇怪的
逐漸變得奇怪的
03:10
carnival funhouse hall
of mirrors and illusions.
of mirrors and illusions.
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嘉年華遊樂場鏡面
幻象屋中所見的景象。
幻象屋中所見的景象。
03:13
The salesperson I was relieved
to spot in a store
to spot in a store
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我在商店裡看到的售貨員
03:16
was really a mannequin.
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實際上是一個人體模型。
03:17
Reaching down to wash my hands,
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蹲下洗手，
03:19
I suddenly saw it was
a urinal I was touching, not a sink,
a urinal I was touching, not a sink,
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當我的手指碰觸
感覺到它真正的形狀時，
感覺到它真正的形狀時，
我突然“看到”我觸踫到的是便池，
而不是洗手盆，
而不是洗手盆，
03:22
when my fingers felt its true shape.
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03:25
A friend described
the photograph in my hand,
the photograph in my hand,
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朋友形容我手中的相片，
03:27
and only then I could see
the image depicted.
the image depicted.
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而只有在那時我能看到那張相片。
03:30
Objects appeared, morphed
and disappeared in my reality.
and disappeared in my reality.
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事物出現、變形又消失
在我的真實世界裡。
在我的真實世界裡。
03:36
It was difficult and exhausting to see.
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看見成了困難和
耗費心神的事。
耗費心神的事。
03:39
I pieced together fragmented,
transitory images,
transitory images,
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我拼砌破碎的、
轉瞬即逝的影像，
轉瞬即逝的影像，
03:42
consciously analyzed the clues,
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有意識地分析線索，
03:44
searched for some logic
in my crumbling kaleidoscope,
in my crumbling kaleidoscope,
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在我逐漸破碎的萬花筒中
尋找一些合理組合，
尋找一些合理組合，
03:48
until I saw nothing at all.
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直至我什麼也看不見。
03:51
I learned that what we see
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我認識到我們看到的
03:53
is not universal truth.
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並不是普遍的真相。
03:56
It is not objective reality.
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它不是客觀的事實。
04:00
What we see is a unique,
personal, virtual reality
personal, virtual reality
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我們看到的是獨有的、
個人的虛擬現實。
個人的虛擬現實。
04:04
that is masterfully
constructed by our brain.
constructed by our brain.
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這由我們的腦精妙地
控制並構建出來的。
控制並構建出來的。
04:07
Let me explain with a bit
of amateur neuroscience.
of amateur neuroscience.
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讓我用業餘的神經科學知識
來稍作解釋。
來稍作解釋。
04:09
Your visual cortex takes up
about 30 percent of your brain.
about 30 percent of your brain.
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你的視覺皮層
佔你大腦總皮層的 30 ％。
佔你大腦總皮層的 30 ％。
04:13
That's compared to approximately
eight percent for touch
eight percent for touch
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而觸覺占 8％，
04:17
and two to three percent for hearing.
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聽覺占 2-3％。
04:19
Every second, your eyes
can send your visual cortex
can send your visual cortex
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每一秒，你的眼睛
能傳送給你的視覺皮層
能傳送給你的視覺皮層
04:23
as many as two billion
pieces of information.
pieces of information.
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高達二百億份訊息。
04:26
The rest of your body can send your brain
only an additional billion.
only an additional billion.
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你其他身體部分合起來
只能傳達額外的一百億份訊息。
只能傳達額外的一百億份訊息。
04:30
So sight is one third
of your brain by volume
of your brain by volume
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所以視覺佔你大腦體積的三分之一，
04:34
and can claim about two thirds
of your brain's processing resources.
of your brain's processing resources.
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但卻佔用你大腦
處理訊息容量的三分之二。
處理訊息容量的三分之二。
04:39
It's no surprise then
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因此視覺幻象看起來
如此可信，
如此可信，
04:40
that the illusion
of sight is so compelling.
of sight is so compelling.
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也就不足為奇了。
04:42
But make no mistake about it:
sight is an illusion.
sight is an illusion.
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但不要誤判它：
視覺影像只是幻象。
視覺影像只是幻象。
04:45
Here's where it gets interesting.
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這是事情變得有趣的地方。
04:47
To create the experience of sight,
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為創造視覺經驗，
04:49
your brain references your conceptual
understanding of the world,
understanding of the world,
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你的大腦建基於
你對世界的認知、
你對世界的認知、
04:53
other knowledge, your memories,
opinions, emotions, mental attention.
opinions, emotions, mental attention.
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其他知識儲備、你的記憶、
意見、情感、心理關注。
意見、情感、心理關注。
04:57
All of these things and far more
are linked in your brain to your sight.
are linked in your brain to your sight.
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以上所有及其他多項信息，
在腦中與你的所見相關聯。
在腦中與你的所見相關聯。
05:03
These linkages work both ways,
and usually occur subconsciously.
and usually occur subconsciously.
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這些連結雙向影響，
並通常在潛意識上發生。
並通常在潛意識上發生。
05:06
So for example,
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舉例來說，
05:08
what you see impacts how you feel,
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你的所見影響著你的感受，
05:10
and the way you feel
can literally change what you see.
can literally change what you see.
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而你的感受又能
確實地改變你的所見。
確實地改變你的所見。
05:14
Numerous studies demonstrate this.
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大量研究證實這件事。
05:16
If you are asked to estimate
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例如，如果有人請你估計，
05:18
the walking speed of a man
in a video, for example,
in a video, for example,
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影片中男人的步速，
05:21
your answer will be different if you're
told to think about cheetahs or turtles.
told to think about cheetahs or turtles.
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當請你想著豹或烏龜時，
你的答案會有所不同。
你的答案會有所不同。
05:27
A hill appears steeper
if you've just exercised,
if you've just exercised,
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如果你剛做完運動，
小山丘看來較陡峭；
小山丘看來較陡峭；
05:30
and a landmark appears farther away
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而一個地標
在你背著沉重行囊時，
在你背著沉重行囊時，
05:32
if you're wearing a heavy backpack.
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看起來更遠。
05:35
We have arrived
at a fundamental contradiction.
at a fundamental contradiction.
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我們在此踫到一種
基本矛盾。
基本矛盾。
05:40
What you see is a complex
mental construction of your own making,
mental construction of your own making,
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你的所見其實是
你自己的複雜心理建設，
你自己的複雜心理建設，
05:44
but you experience it passively
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而你被動地把它當作
05:46
as a direct representation
of the world around you.
of the world around you.
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你周遭世界的直接呈獻。
05:49
You create your own reality,
and you believe it.
and you believe it.
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你創造你自己的真實，
並且你相信它。
並且你相信它。
05:53
I believed mine until it broke apart.
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我曽相信我的，
直至它支離破碎。
直至它支離破碎。
05:56
The deterioration of my eyes
shattered the illusion.
shattered the illusion.
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我眼睛的衰退
粉碎了這假象。
粉碎了這假象。
06:00
You see, sight is just one way
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你看，視覺只是其中一種
06:03
we shape our reality.
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讓我們塑造真實的方式。
06:05
We create our own realities
in many other ways.
in many other ways.
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我們有很多其它方式
來創造自己的真實。
來創造自己的真實。
06:09
Let's take fear as just one example.
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讓我們以恐懼作為例子。
06:13
Your fears distort your reality.
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你的種種恐懼
扭曲你的真實。
扭曲你的真實。
06:17
Under the warped logic of fear,
anything is better than the uncertain.
anything is better than the uncertain.
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在恐懼扭曲的邏輯下，
任何事情比未知都更好的。
任何事情比未知都更好的。
06:22
Fear fills the void at all costs,
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恐嚇不惜任何代價來填補空白，
06:24
passing off what you dread
for what you know,
for what you know,
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用你非常擔心的事
假冒你知道的事，
假冒你知道的事，
06:26
offering up the worst
in place of the ambiguous,
in place of the ambiguous,
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把不明確的事
當作是最壞的情況，
當作是最壞的情況，
06:29
substituting assumption for reason.
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以假設取代原因。
06:32
Psychologists have
a great term for it: awfulizing.
a great term for it: awfulizing.
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心理學家就此
有個很好的詞語：「可怕化」
有個很好的詞語：「可怕化」
06:34
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
06:36
Right?
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不是嗎？
06:37
Fear replaces the unknown with the awful.
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恐懼以糟糕的事代替未知。
06:42
Now, fear is self-realizing.
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恐懼將所恐懼的事
變成現實。
變成現實。
06:44
When you face the greatest need
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當你非常需要
06:45
to look outside yourself
and think critically,
and think critically,
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反省自身和批判思考時，
06:48
fear beats a retreat
deep inside your mind,
deep inside your mind,
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恐懼控制你深藏在腦海的懦弱，
讓你打退堂鼓，
讓你打退堂鼓，
06:51
shrinking and distorting your view,
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縮窄並扭曲你的視野，
06:53
drowning your capacity
for critical thought
for critical thought
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用破壞性情緒的洪流，
06:55
with a flood of disruptive emotions.
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淹沒你判斷思考的能力。
06:57
When you face a compelling
opportunity to take action,
opportunity to take action,
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當你面對一個
非常吸引人的機會，
非常吸引人的機會，
07:00
fear lulls you into inaction,
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恐懼使你軟弱得無法行動，
07:03
enticing you to passively watch
its prophecies fulfill themselves.
its prophecies fulfill themselves.
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引誘你被動地看著
你所恐懼的事成為現實。
你所恐懼的事成為現實。
07:09
When I was diagnosed
with my blinding disease,
with my blinding disease,
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當我被診斷出將會因病失明，
07:12
I knew blindness would ruin my life.
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我確信失明將會破壞我的人生。
07:16
Blindness was a death sentence
for my independence.
for my independence.
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失明曾判了我的自主獨立死刑。
07:19
It was the end of achievement for me.
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我曾認為這是成就的終點。
07:22
Blindness meant I would live
an unremarkable life,
an unremarkable life,
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失明曾意味著我會活得平凡無聊，
07:26
small and sad,
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卑微而悲傷，
07:28
and likely alone.
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並可能獨自一人。
07:30
I knew it.
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我知道。
07:33
This was a fiction born of my fears,
but I believed it.
but I believed it.
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這是我的恐懼創造的假象，
但我曾相信它。
但我曾相信它。
07:36
It was a lie, but it was my reality,
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它是假的，但它卻曾是我的真實，
07:39
just like those backwards-swimming fish
in little Dorothy's mind.
in little Dorothy's mind.
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正如小桃樂絲腦海中
反方向游泳的魚。
反方向游泳的魚。
07:43
If I had not confronted
the reality of my fear,
the reality of my fear,
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若我沒有正視
我的恐懼，
我的恐懼，
07:46
I would have lived it.
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我就會讓恐懼成真。
07:48
I am certain of that.
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我知道定會如此。
07:51
So how do you live your life
eyes wide open?
eyes wide open?
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所以你如何張開眼睛
正視你的人生？
正視你的人生？
07:55
It is a learned discipline.
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這是習得的自制力。
07:57
It can be taught. It can be practiced.
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它能被教授。它能被練習。
08:00
I will summarize very briefly.
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我將非常簡單地總結。
08:03
Hold yourself accountable
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對自己負責任，
08:05
for every moment, every thought,
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對於每一刻、每一個念頭、
08:08
every detail.
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每一佪細節。
08:10
See beyond your fears.
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超越你的恐懼。
08:11
Recognize your assumptions.
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識別你的假設。
08:13
Harness your internal strength.
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利用你內在的力量。
08:15
Silence your internal critic.
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壓制你內心的批判。
08:17
Correct your misconceptions
about luck and about success.
about luck and about success.
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改正你對於運氣和成功的誤解。
08:21
Accept your strengths and your weaknesses,
and understand the difference.
and understand the difference.
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接受你的能力和弱點，
並理解它們的分別。
並理解它們的分別。
08:25
Open your hearts
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坦誠面對
08:26
to your bountiful blessings.
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你所受的滿滿恩賜。
08:29
Your fears, your critics,
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你的恐懼、你的批判、
08:31
your heroes, your villains --
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你的英雄、你的壞人—
08:33
they are your excuses,
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他們通通是你的藉口、
08:36
rationalizations, shortcuts,
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文飾、捷徑、
08:39
justifications, your surrender.
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辯解、屈服。
08:42
They are fictions you perceive as reality.
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它們是你誤以為真的假象。
08:46
Choose to see through them.
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選擇看穿它們。
08:47
Choose to let them go.
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選擇放手讓它們離去。
08:50
You are the creator of your reality.
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你是真實的創造者。
08:54
With that empowerment
comes complete responsibility.
comes complete responsibility.
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有了這自主權，
隨之而來的是絕對的責任。
隨之而來的是絕對的責任。
08:58
I chose to step out of fear's tunnel
into terrain uncharted and undefined.
into terrain uncharted and undefined.
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我選擇了踏出恐懼的隧道，
走進陌生而未被定義的地方。
走進陌生而未被定義的地方。
09:04
I chose to build there a blessed life.
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我選擇在那裡創造幸福人生。
09:08
Far from alone,
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我不是獨自一人，
09:09
I share my beautiful life with Dorothy,
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我分享美麗人生，
與桃樂絲，
與桃樂絲，
09:12
my beautiful wife,
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與我美麗的太太，
09:14
with our triplets,
whom we call the Tripskys,
whom we call the Tripskys,
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與我們的三胞胎，
我們稱他們為「Tripskys」，
我們稱他們為「Tripskys」，
09:18
and with the latest addition
to the family,
to the family,
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還有我們家的最新成員，
09:20
sweet baby Clementine.
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可愛的嬰兒克萊門汀。
09:22
What do you fear?
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你害怕什麼？
09:25
What lies do you tell yourself?
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你欺騙自己什麼？
09:28
How do you embellish your truth
and write your own fictions?
and write your own fictions?
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你怎樣修飾你的真實，
寫出你自己的故事？
寫出你自己的故事？
09:32
What reality are you
creating for yourself?
creating for yourself?
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你為自己創造了怎樣的真實？
09:36
In your career and personal life,
in your relationships,
in your relationships,
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在你的事業和個人生活中，
在你各種關係中，
在你各種關係中，
09:39
and in your heart and soul,
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在你的內心和靈魂中，
09:41
your backwards-swimming fish
do you great harm.
do you great harm.
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那些向後游泳的魚
嚴重傷害你。
嚴重傷害你。
09:44
They exact a toll in missed opportunities
and unrealized potential,
and unrealized potential,
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它們使你錯過機會
讓你無從發揮潛能，
讓你無從發揮潛能，
09:49
and they engender insecurity and distrust
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而且它們在你尋求
成就和人脈的地方，
成就和人脈的地方，
09:51
where you seek fulfillment and connection.
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製造不安和猜疑。
09:55
I urge you to search them out.
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我敦促你把它們找出來。
09:59
Helen Keller said that the only thing
worse than being blind
worse than being blind
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海倫·凱勒說過
唯一比失明更壞的事，
唯一比失明更壞的事，
10:03
is having sight but no vision.
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是眼睛能看，但內心失明。
10:06
For me, going blind
was a profound blessing,
was a profound blessing,
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對我來說，失明是很大的祝福。
10:10
because blindness gave me vision.
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因為失明讓我的內心能看見。
10:13
I hope you can see what I see.
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我希望你能看到我所看到的。
10:16
Thank you.
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謝謝你們。
10:17
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
10:32
Bruno Giussani: Isaac, before you
leave the stage, just a question.
leave the stage, just a question.
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布魯諾·朱薩尼：
艾薩克，離開前，問你個問題。
艾薩克，離開前，問你個問題。
10:35
This is an audience of entrepreneurs,
of doers, of innovators.
of doers, of innovators.
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這裡的觀眾包括企業家、
實幹家和創新者。
實幹家和創新者。
10:39
You are a CEO of a company
down in Florida,
down in Florida,
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你是一間位於佛羅里達的
公司的行政總裁，
公司的行政總裁，
10:43
and many are probably wondering,
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很多人大概會想知道，
10:45
how is it to be a blind CEO?
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身為失明的行政總裁是怎樣的？
10:47
What kind of specific challenges
do you have, and how do you overcome them?
do you have, and how do you overcome them?
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你有什麼特別的挑戰，
而你如何克服它們？
而你如何克服它們？
10:51
Isaac Lidsky: Well,
the biggest challenge became a blessing.
the biggest challenge became a blessing.
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艾薩克·利茨基：
嗯，最大的挑戰已變成一種祝福。
嗯，最大的挑戰已變成一種祝福。
10:54
I don't get visual feedback from people.
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我看不到別人的反應。
10:57
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
11:00
BG: What's that noise there? IL: Yeah.
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布：甚麼聲音在那裡？
艾：對。
艾：對。
11:02
So, for example,
in my leadership team meetings,
in my leadership team meetings,
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所以，舉例來說，
在我領導的團隊的會議上，
在我領導的團隊的會議上，
11:05
I don't see facial
expressions or gestures.
expressions or gestures.
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我看不到臉部表情或手勢。
11:09
I've learned to solicit
a lot more verbal feedback.
a lot more verbal feedback.
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我學會更多地
征求言語上的回饋。
征求言語上的回饋。
11:13
I basically force people
to tell me what they think.
to tell me what they think.
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我基本上強逼別人
告訴我他們的想法。
告訴我他們的想法。
11:18
And in this respect,
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在這方面，
11:19
it's become, like I said, a real blessing
for me personally and for my company,
for me personally and for my company,
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它變成，正如我所說，
我個人和公司的一項福祉，
我個人和公司的一項福祉，
11:24
because we communicate
at a far deeper level,
at a far deeper level,
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因為我們作更深層次的溝通。
11:27
we avoid ambiguities,
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我們避免含糊不清，
11:30
and most important, my team knows
that what they think truly matters.
that what they think truly matters.
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最重要的是，我的團隊知道
他們的想法非常重要。
他們的想法非常重要。
11:38
BG: Isaac, thank you for coming to TED.
IL: Thank you, Bruno.
IL: Thank you, Bruno.
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布：艾薩克，謝謝你來到 TED。
艾：謝謝你，布魯諾。
艾：謝謝你，布魯諾。
11:41
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Isaac Lidsky - Author, entrepreneurIsaac Lidsky has a very eclectic resume.
Why you should listen
Lidsky runs a big construction services company based in Florida, has co-founded an Internet startup and a nonprofit and is a member of the Young Presidents’ Organization (YPO). He graduated in math and computer science from Harvard and then added a law degree magna cum laude from the same university, clerked for US Supreme Court Justices Sandra Day O’Connor and Ruth Bader Ginsburg and argued a dozen cases in federal court on behalf of the US Justice Department, not losing any. Earlier, he was a child television star in both commercials and series.
Lidsky's rich biography disguises a secret, which can be summarized in the title of his forthcoming book Eyes Wide Open: Overcoming Obstacles and Recognizing Opportunities In A World That Can’t See Clearly.
Isaac Lidsky | Speaker | TED.com