ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sinéad Burke - Writer, educator
Sinéad Burke amplifies voices and instigates curious conversations.

Why you should listen

Since her first days of elementary school, Sinéad Burke has understood the power of education to combat ignorance, to challenge the status quo and to give agency to the most vulnerable. She wanted to become a teacher -- one who ensured that children felt represented, listened to and safe in her classroom -- and she graduated at the top of her class, receiving the Vere Foster Medal from Marino Institute of Education.

Through writing, public speaking and social media, Burke highlights the lack of inclusivity within the fashion industry and encourages the industry to design for and with disabled people. She critiques the ways in which the media talks about and to women, offering an alternative conversation that celebrates the achievements of others with her "Extraordinary Women" interview series.

Burke has visited schools, workplaces, government agencies and the White House to facilitate honest conversations about education, disability, fashion and accessibility. She advocates for the inclusion of all and challenges officials to legislate with most marginalized in our communities.

Bure is currently undertaking a PhD in Trinity College, Dublin on human rights education that specifically comments on the ways in which schools allow children to have a voice. She values kindness, empathy and volunteerism, and she is an ambassador for the Irish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children and the Irish Girl Guides.

More profile about the speaker
Sinéad Burke | Speaker | TED.com
TEDNYC

Sinéad Burke: Why design should include everyone

西尼德.伯克: 為何在設計時應該考慮到所有人

Filmed:
1,435,325 views

西尼德.伯克敏銳地察覺到我們當中很多人基本上看不到的細節。對於身高 105 公分(或 3 呎 5 吋)的她來說,被設計的世界──由門鎖的高度以至提供的鞋子尺寸範圍──往往抑制她自己的事自己做的能力。她將告訴我們一名矮個子闖蕩世界究竟是甚麼體驗,並問:「我們在設計的時候忽略了誰?」
- Writer, educator
Sinéad Burke amplifies voices and instigates curious conversations. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
I want to give you a new perspective透視.
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我要給大家一個新視角。
00:16
That sounds聲音 grandiose雄偉, and it is.
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聽起來很堂皇,的確是的。
00:19
I left Ireland愛爾蘭 yesterday昨天 morning早上.
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昨天早上我離開愛爾蘭。
00:21
I traveled旅行 from Dublin都柏林 to New York紐約
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我獨自一人從都柏林飛到紐約。
00:24
independently獨立地.
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00:26
But the design設計 of an airport飛機場,
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然而機場、客機和航廈的設計
00:28
plane平面 and terminal終奌站
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00:30
offers報價 little independence獨立 when
you're 105 and a half centimeters公分 tall.
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只能給一個身高 105.5 公分的人
丁點的獨立自主。
00:35
For Americans美國人, that's 3' 5".
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對美國人來說,這等於 3 呎 5 吋。
00:39
I was whisked護送 through通過 the airport飛機場
by airline航空公司 assistants助理 in a wheelchair輪椅.
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航空公司助理
給我推輪椅迅速穿越機場。
00:44
Now, I don't need to use a wheelchair輪椅,
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我不需要使用輪椅,
00:47
but the design設計 of an airport飛機場
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但機場的設計
和那裡缺乏無障礙設施,
00:49
and its lack缺乏 of accessibility無障礙
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00:52
means手段 that it's my only way
to get through通過.
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意味這是我穿越機場的唯一途徑。
00:55
With my carry-on繼續 bag between之間 my feet,
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我坐著輪椅,雙腿夾著手提行李
經過安檢、出入境審查,
00:58
I was wheeled輪式 through通過
security安全, preclearance事先批准
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01:01
and I arrived到達 at my boarding登機 gate.
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我到達了登機門。
01:04
I use the accessibility無障礙
services服務 in the airport飛機場
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我使用機場內的無障礙服務,
01:07
because most of the terminal終奌站
is just not designed設計 with me in mind心神.
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因為航廈大樓大部分地方
都不是為我著想而設計。
01:11
Take security安全, for example.
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就以安檢為例。
01:14
I'm not strong強大 enough足夠
to lift電梯 my carry-on繼續 bag
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我不夠力氣從地面
舉起手提行李放到輸送帶。
01:17
from the ground地面 to the carousel圓盤傳送帶.
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01:20
I stand at eye level水平 with it.
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輸送帶及至我站起時眼睛的高度。
01:22
And those who work in that space空間
for safety安全 purposes目的 cannot不能 help me
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基於安全理由,那裡的工作人員
沒法幫我、給我代勞。
01:27
and cannot不能 do it for me.
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01:30
Design設計 inhibits抑制 my autonomy自治
and my independence獨立.
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設計抑制我的自主性和獨立性。
01:35
But traveling旅行 at this size尺寸,
it isn't all bad.
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但以這樣的身型旅行並非全然糟糕。
01:38
The leg room房間 in economy經濟
is like business商業 class.
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經濟艙的座位空間就像商務艙的。
01:41
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
01:44
I often經常 forget忘記 that I'm a little person.
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我往往忘記自己是矮個子。
01:47
It's the physical物理 environment環境
and society社會 that remind提醒 me.
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就是物理環境和社會提醒我。
01:52
Using運用 a public上市 bathroom浴室
is an excruciating痛苦 experience經驗.
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使用公廁是痛苦至極的經驗。
01:56
I walk步行 into the cubicle
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我走進廁所,卻沒法觸及門上的鎖。
01:59
but I can't reach達到 the lock on the door.
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02:01
I'm creative創作的 and resilient彈性.
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我富有創意,能屈能伸。
02:05
I look around and see if there's
a bin箱子 that I can turn upside上邊 down.
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我環顧四周查看有沒有
可以讓我倒轉的垃圾桶。
02:09
Is it safe安全?
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這樣做安全嗎?
02:11
Not really.
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不太安全。
02:12
Is it hygienic衛生 and sanitary衛浴?
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這樣做衞生和清潔嗎?
02:15
Definitely無疑 not.
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當然不是。
02:17
But the alternative替代 is much worse更差.
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但另一個辦法遠遠更糟。
02:20
If that doesn't work, I use my phone電話.
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如果行不通,我就用電話。
02:23
It gives me an additional額外
four-四- to six-inch六英寸 reach達到,
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它讓我的手臂延長 4 至 6 吋,
02:26
and I try to jam果醬 the lock closed關閉
with my iPhone蘋果手機.
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我就嘗試用 iPhone
推門鎖把門鎖上。
02:29
Now, I imagine想像 that's not what Jony強尼 Ive我有
had in mind心神 when he designed設計 the iPhone蘋果手機,
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現在我想像得到這並非強納森.艾維
設計 iPhone 的原意,
02:34
but it works作品.
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但這卻奏效。
02:36
The alternative替代
is that I approach途徑 a stranger陌生人.
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另一辦法就是我向陌生人請求。
02:40
I apologize道歉 profusely豐富地
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我連番道歉,
要求她們站在廁所門外守候。
02:42
and I ask them to stand guard守衛
outside my cubicle door.
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02:47
They do
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她們照樣去做,
我就心存感恩站起來,
02:48
and I emerge出現 grateful感激
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02:51
but absolutely絕對 mortified羞愧,
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但我感到非常尷尬,
02:54
and hope希望 that they didn't notice注意
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希望她們沒有察覺
我離開洗手間前沒有洗手。
02:55
that I left the bathroom浴室
without washing洗滌 my hands.
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02:59
I carry攜帶 hand sanitizer洗手液 with me
every一切 single day
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我每天都帶著乾洗手,
03:03
because the sink水槽, soap肥皂 dispenser飲水機,
hand dryer烘乾機 and mirror鏡子
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因為洗手盆、給皂機、烘手機
和鏡子對我都是高不可攀。
03:08
are all out of my reach達到.
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03:11
Now, the accessible無障礙 bathroom浴室
is somewhat有些 of an option選項.
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現在無障礙洗手間有點兒差強人意。
03:13
In this space空間, I can reach達到
the lock on the door,
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在這個空間,我可以觸及門鎖、
03:16
the sink水槽, the soap肥皂 dispenser飲水機,
the hand dryer烘乾機 and the mirror鏡子.
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洗手盆、給皂機、烘手機和鏡子。
03:22
Yet然而, I cannot不能 use the toilet廁所.
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然而我還未能使用馬桶。
03:26
It is deliberately故意 designed設計 higher更高
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它是特意被設計成較高一點,
讓輪椅使用者輕易轉移到馬桶上。
03:29
so that wheelchair輪椅 users用戶
can transfer轉讓 across橫過 with ease緩解.
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03:33
This is a wonderful精彩
and necessary必要 innovation革新,
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這項創新是絕妙和必需的,
03:37
but in the design設計 world世界, when we describe描述
a new project項目 or idea理念 as accessible無障礙,
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但在設計的領域裡,當我們形容
一個新項目或想法是無障礙時,
03:42
what does that mean?
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這意味甚麼呢?
03:44
Who is it accessible無障礙 to?
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它是對誰無障礙?
03:47
And whose誰的 needs需求
are not being存在 accommodated容納 for?
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誰的需要沒有獲得照顧?
03:52
Now, the bathroom浴室 is an example
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洗手間的設計就是
侵犯我尊嚴的一個例子,
03:53
of where design設計 impinges撞擊 upon my dignity尊嚴,
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03:56
but the physical物理 environment環境 impacts影響
upon me in much more casual隨便 ways方法 too,
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但物理環境也是更不經意地影響我,
04:01
something as simple簡單
as ordering排序 a cup杯子 of coffee咖啡.
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簡單如點選一杯咖啡也影響我。
04:04
Now, I'll admit承認 it.
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現在我得承認
04:06
I drink far too much coffee咖啡.
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我實在喝了太多咖啡。
04:08
My order訂購 is a skinny枯瘦 vanilla香草 latte拿鐵,
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我固定點的是脫脂奶香草拿鐵,
04:11
but I'm trying
to wean斷奶 myself off the syrup糖漿.
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但我正在嘗試戒掉糖漿了。
04:14
But the coffee咖啡 shop,
it's not designed設計 well,
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然而咖啡店設計不佳,
至少對我來說。
04:17
at least最小 not for me.
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04:19
Queuing排隊, I'm standing常設
beside the pastry糕點 cabinet內閣
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我站在糕點櫃後排隊時,
咖啡師召喚下一位客人點飲料。
04:22
and the barista咖啡師 calls電話 for the next下一個 order訂購.
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04:25
"Next下一個, please!" they shout.
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「請下一位!」他們呼喚。
04:28
They can't see me.
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他們看不見我。
04:30
The person next下一個 to me in the queue隊列
points to my existence存在
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隊中站在我旁邊的人指著我
以示我在,所有人都感到尷尬。
04:33
and everyone大家 is embarrassed尷尬.
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04:36
I order訂購 as quick as I can
and I move移動 along沿 to collect蒐集 my coffee咖啡.
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我盡快點飲料,
向前走去拿我那杯咖啡。
04:40
Now, think just for a second第二.
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現在試用一秒去想。
04:43
Where do they put it?
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他們把咖啡放在哪裡?
04:45
Up high and without a lid.
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放在高處,杯子沒有封蓋。
04:48
Reaching到達 up to collect蒐集 a coffee咖啡
that I have paid支付 for
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伸手去拿我付了錢買的咖啡
是一項異常危險的體驗。
04:51
is an incredibly令人難以置信 dangerous危險 experience經驗.
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04:54
But design設計 also impinges撞擊
on the clothes衣服 that I want to wear穿.
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但設計也影響到我想穿的衣服。
04:57
I want garments服裝
that reflect反映 my personality個性.
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我要衣服反映我的個性。
05:01
It's difficult to find
in the childrenswear童裝 department.
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在童裝部很難找到一件。
05:04
And often經常 womenswear女裝
requires要求 far too many許多 alterations改變.
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女裝往往需要太多修改。
05:08
I want shoes that affect影響 my maturity到期,
professionalism敬業精神 and sophistication詭辯.
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我要鞋子體現我的成熟、
專業精神和豐富經驗。
05:14
Instead代替, I'm offered提供 sneakers球鞋
with Velcro尼龍搭扣 straps and light-up點亮 shoes.
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人們反而給我附有魔鬼氈的
運動鞋和發光運動鞋。
05:19
Now, I'm not totally完全 opposed反對
to light-up點亮 shoes.
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我不是完全反對發光運動鞋。
05:23
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
05:25
But design設計 also impacts影響
on such這樣 simple簡單 things,
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然而設計也影響
諸如坐在椅子上這樣簡單的事情。
05:28
like sitting坐在 on a chair椅子.
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05:30
I cannot不能 go from a standing常設
to a seating休息 position位置 with grace恩典.
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我總不能優雅地由直立轉為坐下。
05:35
Due應有 to the standards標準
of design設計 heights高度 of chairs椅子,
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由於座椅的高度設計標準,
05:38
I have to crawl爬行 on my hands and knees膝蓋
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我要用雙手和雙膝才能爬到座椅上,
05:41
just to get on top最佳 of it,
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05:42
whilst同時 also being存在 conscious意識
that it might威力 tip小費 over at any stage階段.
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同時擔心座椅可能隨時倒下。
05:48
But whilst同時 design設計 impacts影響 on me
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雖然設計影響著我,
無論座椅、洗手間、咖啡店或衣服,
05:49
whether是否 it's a chair椅子,
a bathroom浴室, a coffee咖啡 shop, or clothes衣服,
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05:54
I rely依靠 on and benefit效益
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我依靠著陌生人的善心而獲益不少。
05:57
from the kindness善良 of strangers陌生人.
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06:01
But not everybody每個人 is so nice不錯.
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然而並非每個人都這樣好。
06:04
I'm reminded提醒 that I'm a little person
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當陌生人指向我、瞪我、笑我、侮辱我
或給我拍照,就提醒我還是矮個子。
06:07
when a stranger陌生人 points,
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06:09
stares凝視,
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06:11
laughs,
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06:13
calls電話 me a name名稱,
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06:15
or takes a photograph照片 of me.
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06:17
This happens發生 almost幾乎 every一切 day.
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這種事幾乎每天都發生。
06:20
With the rise上升 of social社會 media媒體,
it has given特定 me an opportunity機會
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社交媒體興起使我有機會經營部落格
06:23
and a platform平台 to have a voice語音
as a blogger博客 and as an activist活動家,
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和成為活躍分子,
利用它作平台發聲,
06:28
but it has also made製作 me nervous緊張
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但也使我擔心自己會在未經同意下
變成迷因或一夕爆紅。
06:30
that I might威力 become成為 a meme米姆
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06:32
or a viral病毒 sensation感覺,
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06:35
all without my consent同意.
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06:38
So let's take a moment時刻 right now
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現在就讓我們花點時間
把事情弄得清清楚楚。
06:40
to make something very clear明確.
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06:43
The word "midget侏儒" is a slur誹謗.
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「侏儒」這個詞是蔑稱。
06:47
It evolved進化 from PTPT Barnum's巴納姆的 era時代
of circuses馬戲團 and freak怪物 shows節目.
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它是從巴納姆時代的
馬戲團和畸形秀演變而成。
06:52
Society社會 has evolved進化.
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社會已經變了。
06:55
So should our vocabulary詞彙.
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我們的語彙也要變了。
06:57
Language語言 is a powerful強大 tool工具.
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語言是一項強而有力的工具。
07:00
It does not just name名稱 our society社會.
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它不只給我們的社會命名。
07:02
It shapes形狀 it.
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它塑造社會。
07:04
I am incredibly令人難以置信 proud驕傲
to be a little person,
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我為因軟骨發育不全症遺傳
而成為矮個子感到非常自豪。
07:08
to have inherited遺傳
the condition條件 of achondroplasia軟骨發育不全.
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07:11
But I am most proud驕傲 to be Sinead西尼德.
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但使我最自豪的是身為西尼德。
07:14
Achondroplasia軟骨發育不全 is
the most common共同 form形成 of dwarfism侏儒症.
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軟骨發育不全症
是侏儒症最常見的形式。
07:18
Achondroplasia軟骨發育不全 translates轉換
as "without cartilage軟骨 formation編隊."
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軟骨發育不全症的拉丁語源
譯作「沒有軟骨形成」。
07:22
I have short limbs四肢
and achondroplastic軟骨發育不全 facial面部 features特徵,
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我四肢短小,面部特徵如額頭和
鼻子的軟骨發育不全。
07:26
my forehead前額 and my nose鼻子.
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07:29
My arms武器 do not straighten弄直 fully充分,
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我的雙臂不能完全伸直,
但我卻可以舔自己的肘部。
07:32
but I can lick my elbow彎頭.
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07:34
I'm not showing展示 you that one.
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我不會向大家示範這個。
07:37
Achondroplasia軟骨發育不全 occurs發生 in approximately
one in every一切 20,000 births出生.
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每約 2 萬名新生嬰
就有一名軟骨發育不全症。
07:42
80 percent百分 of little people
are born天生 to two average-height平均身高 parents父母.
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80% 矮個子的雙親皆是中等身高。
07:47
That means手段 that anybody任何人 in this room房間
could have a child兒童 with achondroplasia軟骨發育不全.
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這意味這房間內任何人都可能
有一名軟骨發育不全的子女。
07:51
Yet然而, I inherited遺傳 my condition條件 from my dad.
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然而我是因父親遺傳而有這狀況。
07:55
I'd like to show顯示 you a photo照片 of my family家庭.
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我想給大家看看我的全家福照片。
07:59
My mother母親 is average平均 height高度,
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我的母親是中等身高,
08:01
my father父親 is a little person
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我的父親是矮個子,
而我是五名子女中最年長的。
08:03
and I am the eldest最年長 of five children孩子.
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08:06
I have three sisters姐妹 and one brother哥哥.
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我有三名妹妹和一名弟弟。
08:09
They are all average平均 height高度.
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他們都是中等身高。
08:12
I am incredibly令人難以置信 fortunate幸運
to have been born天生 into a family家庭
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我十分榮幸能夠誕生在這個家庭,
08:15
that cultivated
my curiosity好奇心 and my tenacity韌性,
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這個家庭培養我的好奇心和韌力,
08:19
that protected保護 me from the unkindness無情
and ignorance無知 of strangers陌生人
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讓我免受陌生人的
不友善對待和愚昧影響,
08:24
and that armed武裝 me with the resilience彈性,
creativity創造力 and confidence置信度
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使我能屈能伸、
充滿創意、信心十足,
08:28
that I needed需要 to survive生存 and manipulate操作
the physical物理 environment環境 and society社會.
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這些特質都是我所賴以生存
和駕馭物理環境和社會。
08:34
If I was to pinpoint查明 any reason原因
why I am successful成功,
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假如我要點出我成功的
任何一個原因,
08:38
it is because I was
and I am a loved喜愛 child兒童,
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那就是我一直到現在
都是一個受寵愛的孩子,
08:43
now, a loved喜愛 child兒童
with a lot of sass上海社會科學院 and sarcasm諷刺,
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一個現在口沒遮攔、
尖酸刻薄的受寵愛孩子,
08:47
but a loved喜愛 child兒童 nonetheless儘管如此,.
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但畢竟還是受寵愛孩子。
08:50
In giving you an insight眼光
into who I am today今天
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今天我讓大家了解我是誰,
就是想給大家一個新視角。
08:54
I wanted to offer提供 you a new perspective透視.
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08:57
I wanted to challenge挑戰 the idea理念
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我要挑戰的一個想法,
08:58
that design設計 is but a tool工具
to create創建 function功能 and beauty美女.
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就是設計不外乎是
營造功能和美感的工具。
09:03
Design設計 greatly非常 impacts影響
upon people's人們 lives生活,
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設計大大影響人們的生活,
所有人的生活。
09:07
all lives生活.
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09:09
Design設計 is a way in which哪一個
we can feel included包括 in the world世界,
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設計是讓我們感到
獲世界接納的一種方式,
09:13
but it is also a way in which哪一個
we can uphold堅持 a person's人的 dignity尊嚴
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也是讓我們維護一個人的
尊嚴和人權的一種方式。
09:17
and their human人的 rights權利.
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09:19
Design設計 can also inflict造成 vulnerability漏洞
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設計也可以使某一群體
處於弱勢,其需要得不到考慮。
09:22
on a group whose誰的 needs需求 aren't considered考慮.
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09:26
So today今天, I want
your perceptions看法 challenged挑戰.
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所以我想在今天挑戰各位的觀念。
09:30
Who are we not designing設計 for?
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我們設計時忽略了誰?
09:33
How can we amplify放大 their voices聲音
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我們可以怎樣放大他們的聲音、
增強他們的體驗?
09:35
and their experiences經驗?
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09:38
What is the next下一個 step?
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下一步是甚麼?
09:40
Design設計 is an enormous巨大 privilege特權,
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設計是一項龐大的特權,
但也涉及更大的責任。
09:43
but it is a bigger responsibility責任.
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09:45
I want you to open打開 your eyes眼睛.
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我想大家睜開眼睛。
09:48
Thank you so much.
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感謝大家。
09:50
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Winston Szeto
Reviewed by Nan-Kun Wu

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sinéad Burke - Writer, educator
Sinéad Burke amplifies voices and instigates curious conversations.

Why you should listen

Since her first days of elementary school, Sinéad Burke has understood the power of education to combat ignorance, to challenge the status quo and to give agency to the most vulnerable. She wanted to become a teacher -- one who ensured that children felt represented, listened to and safe in her classroom -- and she graduated at the top of her class, receiving the Vere Foster Medal from Marino Institute of Education.

Through writing, public speaking and social media, Burke highlights the lack of inclusivity within the fashion industry and encourages the industry to design for and with disabled people. She critiques the ways in which the media talks about and to women, offering an alternative conversation that celebrates the achievements of others with her "Extraordinary Women" interview series.

Burke has visited schools, workplaces, government agencies and the White House to facilitate honest conversations about education, disability, fashion and accessibility. She advocates for the inclusion of all and challenges officials to legislate with most marginalized in our communities.

Bure is currently undertaking a PhD in Trinity College, Dublin on human rights education that specifically comments on the ways in which schools allow children to have a voice. She values kindness, empathy and volunteerism, and she is an ambassador for the Irish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children and the Irish Girl Guides.

More profile about the speaker
Sinéad Burke | Speaker | TED.com

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