TEDWomen 2017
Shameem Akhtar: To learn is to be free
شميم اختر: ان اكون حرة هو ان اتعلم
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شميم اختر تظاهرت بأنها فتى خلال طفولتها المبكرة في باكستان حتى تتمكن من الاستمتاع بالمميزات التي يحصل عليها الفتيات الباكستانيات بشكل نادر كاللعب خارجا والذهاب للمدرسة .
في حديث شخصي لفتح الاعين وتوسيع الأبصار اخترتحكي كيف ان فرصة التعليم غيرت حياتها و في النهاية ادت لتغير ثقافة قريتها الصغيرة حيث ان الان كل فتاة بمقدورها الذهاب للمدرسة
Shameem Akhtar - Writer, social worker
Shameem Akhtar is a teacher working to empower girls in Sindh, a province in the southeast of Pakistan. Full bio
Shameem Akhtar is a teacher working to empower girls in Sindh, a province in the southeast of Pakistan. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
A room full of boys.
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غرفة مملوءة بالأولاد
00:15
A girl child, hardly nine
or ten years old,
or ten years old,
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فتاة بالكاد تبلغ التاسعة او العاشرة
00:19
she is sitting in the center
of the room, surrounded by books.
of the room, surrounded by books.
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تجلس في منتصف الحجرة محاطة بالكتب
00:25
She is the only girl among boys,
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كانت الفتاة الوحيدة بين الصبيان
00:27
and is barely missing
her female cousins and friends,
her female cousins and friends,
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مفتقدة بنات عمها وصديقاتها
00:32
who are inside the home
instead of the school,
instead of the school,
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الذين في المنازل بدلَا من المدرسة
00:37
because they are not allowed
to get an education alongside boys.
to get an education alongside boys.
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لأنهم لم يسمح لهم أن يتعلموا مع الصبيان
00:44
There isn't a single functional
girls' school in her village.
girls' school in her village.
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ولا يوجد مدرسة خاصة بالبنات في قريتها
00:50
She was born in a Baloch
conservative tribe,
conservative tribe,
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ولدت في البلوش وهي قبيلة محافظة
00:54
where women and girls
are a matter of honor.
are a matter of honor.
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حيث البنات والسيدات هم جزء من الشرف
01:00
She is the eldest in her family,
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كانت الأكبر في عائلتها
01:02
and when she was about to be born,
her parents wanted a baby boy.
her parents wanted a baby boy.
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وعندما اقتربت ولادتها تمني والدها ولد
01:08
But they had bad luck;
a baby girl arrived.
a baby girl arrived.
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لكن حظهم كان سيئَا فقد رُزقوا ببنت
01:12
It was customary in her family
to keep girls inside the homes.
to keep girls inside the homes.
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وكان من عادات عائلتها ترك الفتيات داخل البيوت
01:18
But her uncle, who was
a university graduate,
a university graduate,
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لكن عمها كان خريج جامعي
01:22
he wanted to give her
an opportunity to see the world,
an opportunity to see the world,
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أرادها أن تحظي بفرصة لترى العالم
01:27
to be part of the society.
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أن تكون جزءَا من المجتمع
01:30
Luckily, she has a name
that can be used for both men and women.
that can be used for both men and women.
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لحسن حظها أن إسمها يصلح للنساء والرجال
01:36
So he saw a chance
to change her course of life.
to change her course of life.
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لذا فقد رأها فرصة لتغيير حياتها
01:40
So he decided to raise her as a boy.
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و قرر تربيتها على أنها فتى
01:44
At three months old,
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في الشهر الثالث من عمرها
01:46
she went from being
a baby girl, to baby boy.
a baby girl, to baby boy.
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قد انتقلت من كونها مولود أنثى الى مولود ذكر
01:51
She is given a boy's getup.
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أعطيت لباس الأولاد
01:54
She is allowed to go outside
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كان مسموحا لها ان تخرج
01:57
and get an education alongside boys.
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وتتلقى التعليم بجانب الفتيان
01:59
She is free, she is confident.
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هي حرة ، و لديها ثقة عالية بنفسها
02:03
She observes, she notes
small, everyday injustices
small, everyday injustices
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هي تلاحظ ، و تراقب الظلم اليومي
02:09
faced by women and girls in her village.
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الذي تواجهه النساء والفتيات في قريتها .
02:14
When newspapers arrive at her home,
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عندما وصلت الجرائد الى بيتها،
02:17
she watches as it passes
from the eldest man to the youngest man.
from the eldest man to the youngest man.
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كانت تشاهدها وهي تمر من أكبر الى أصغر رجل
و بحلول الوقت الذي يتسنى للنساء للحصول
02:24
By the time women get hold of the paper,
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على تلك الجرائد
02:29
it is old news.
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تكون الاخبار قديمة
02:31
She completes her eighth-grade year.
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هي أكملت صفها الثامن
02:35
Now fear starts to come in.
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الان خوف جديد يبدأ بالظهور
02:38
This will be the end of her education,
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أن هذا سيكون نهاية مسيرتها التعليمية,
02:42
because the only option
for high school for further study
for high school for further study
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لأن الخيار الوحيد للمرحلة الثانوية
لمزيد من الدراسة
02:47
is five kilometers away.
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يبعد مسافة 5 كيلومتر
02:49
Boys have bicycles, they are free.
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الأولاد لديهم دراجات ، هم أحرار
02:53
But she knows
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لكن هي تعلم ان
02:54
her father will not allow
her to travel on her own,
her to travel on her own,
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والدها لن يسمح لها بالذهاب والسفر وحدها
03:00
even if she were posing as a boy.
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حتى لو كانت تتظاهر انها فتى
03:05
"I can't let you do that.
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"لا استطيع السماح لك بذلك
03:08
And I don't have the time
to walk you there and back.
to walk you there and back.
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وليس لدي الوقت للذهاب والرجوع معك
03:12
Sorry, it is impossible."
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انا اسف ، هذا مستحيل"
03:15
She gets very upset.
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الفتاة اصبحت حزينة
03:18
But a miracle happened.
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لكن معجزة حدثت
03:21
A long-distance relative
offers to teach her
offers to teach her
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قريب لها من بعيد عرض تدريسها
03:24
ninth- and tenth-grade curricula
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منهج الصف التاسع والعاشر
03:27
during summer vacations.
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أثناء الاجازة الصيفية
03:29
This is how she completed
her matriculation.
her matriculation.
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و هكذا اكملت دراستها الثانوية العامة
03:34
The girl whom I am talking about to you
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الفتاة التي احدثكم عنها
03:38
is me, Shameem,
who is talking before you now.
who is talking before you now.
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هي انا ، شميم التي تتحدث معكم الان .
03:42
(Applause)
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(تصفيق)
03:49
Throughout centuries, people
have been fighting for their identity.
have been fighting for their identity.
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على مر العصور يقاتل الناس من اجل هويتهم
03:53
People have been loved, privileged,
because of their identity,
because of their identity,
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اناس اصبحوا محبوبين و مميزين بسبب هوياتهم
03:58
their nationality, their ethnicity.
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جنسياتهم ، و طائفتهم العرقية
04:00
Again, people have been hated, denied,
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مرة اخرى، أناس اصبحو مكروهين و مرفوضين
04:04
because of their nationality,
their identity,
their identity,
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بسبب جنسياتهم ، هوياتهم
04:08
their race, their gender, their religion.
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عرقهم ، جنسهم ، دينهم
04:12
Identity determines your position
in society, wherever you live.
in society, wherever you live.
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الهوية تحدد مكانتك في المجتمع اينما كنت
04:17
So if you ask me, I would say
I hate this question of identity.
I hate this question of identity.
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لذا اذا سألتني سوف اقول
اني اكره السؤال عن الهوية
04:23
Millions of girls in this world
are being denied their basic rights
are being denied their basic rights
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ملايين الفتيات ترفض ابسط حقوقهم
04:29
because of being female.
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بسبب كونهم إناث
04:31
I would have faced the same,
if I hadn't been raised as a boy.
if I hadn't been raised as a boy.
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سأكون قد واجهت مثلهن اذا لم اكبر كوني فتى
04:38
I was determined to continue my studies,
to learn, to be free.
to learn, to be free.
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انا مصممة لإكمل دراستي لأتعلم لأكون حرة
04:44
After my schooling, even enrolling
in college was not easy for me.
in college was not easy for me.
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بعد المدرسة حتى تسجيلي الجامعي لم يكن سهلا
04:50
I went on a three-day hunger strike.
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أضربت عن الأكل لمدة ثلاثة ايام
04:53
(Laughter)
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(ضحك)
04:54
Then, I got permission for college.
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بعدها حصلت على الاذن للذهاب للكلية
04:57
(Laughter)
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(ضحك)
04:59
(Applause)
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(تصفيق)
05:01
In that way, I completed my college.
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بتلك الطريقة اكملت دراستي في الكلية
05:06
Two years later, when the time came
for me to go to university,
for me to go to university,
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بعد سنتين عندما أتى وقت ذهابي للجامعة
05:11
my father turned his eyes,
his attention, to my younger brothers.
his attention, to my younger brothers.
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حول ابي اعينه و إهتمامه إلى اخوتي الاصغر
05:16
They need to be in school,
secure jobs and support the family.
secure jobs and support the family.
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هم يجب عليهم ان يكونو بالمدرسة
للحصول على أمان وظيفي و دعم العائلة
05:22
And as a woman, my place was to be home.
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كوني امرأة مكاني يجب ان يكون المنزل
05:27
But, I don't give up.
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لكني لاأستسلم
05:29
I sign up for a two-year program
to become a lady health visitor.
to become a lady health visitor.
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سجلت في برنامج لمدة سنتين لأصبح مشرفة صحية
05:34
Then I hear about Thardeep
Rural Development Program,
Rural Development Program,
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بعدها سمعت بThared Rural Development Pro
05:38
a non-profit organization
working to empower rural communities.
working to empower rural communities.
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منظمة غير ربحية لتقوية المجتمعات الريفية
05:44
I sneak away.
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تسللت هاربة
05:45
I travel five hours
to interview for a position.
to interview for a position.
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سافرت ساعات للمقابلة الشخصية
05:51
It is the first time I am the farthest
from my home I have ever been.
from my home I have ever been.
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لأول مرة في حياتي انا
ابعد نقطة من المنزل اكون فيها
05:56
I am closest to my freedom
I have ever been.
I have ever been.
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انا في اقرب نقطة من حريتي
06:00
Luckily, I got the job,
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لحسن الحظ حصلت على العمل
06:02
but the hardest part is facing my father.
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لكن اصعب جزء هو مواجهة ابي
06:06
(Laughter)
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(ضحك)
06:08
Relatives are already scaring him
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الأقارب بالفعل يخيفونه
06:12
about his daughter wandering off,
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حول ابنته التي تتجول خارجا
06:16
teasing him with talk
of his daughter crossing the border.
of his daughter crossing the border.
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يغيظونه بكلام عن ان ابنته عبرت الحدود
06:21
When I return home,
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عندما عدت للمنزل
06:23
I want nothing more than just
to accept the position in Thardeep.
to accept the position in Thardeep.
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لم أرد شيئا اكثر من قبولي في Thardeep
06:29
So that night, I packed
all my things in a bag,
all my things in a bag,
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في تلك الليلة حزمت امتعتي في حقيبة
06:34
and I walked into
my father's room and told him,
my father's room and told him,
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ومشيت لغرفة ابي وقلت له
06:40
"Tomorrow morning,
the bus is going to come in.
the bus is going to come in.
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غدا صباحا الباص سوف يأتي
06:43
If you believe in me,
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اذا كنت تؤمن بي
06:44
if you believe in me,
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اذا كنت تؤمن بي
06:46
you will wake me up
and take me to the bus station.
and take me to the bus station.
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سوف توقظني وتأخذني للمحطة
06:52
If you don't, I'll understand."
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اذا لم تكن، سوف افهم
06:55
Then I went to sleep.
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ثم ذهبت للنوم
06:57
The next morning, my father
was standing beside me
was standing beside me
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في الصباح التالي ابي كان واقفا بجانبي
07:02
to take me to the bus stop.
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ليأخذني الى موقف الباصات
07:04
(Applause)
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(تصفيق)
07:08
That day, I understood
the importance of words.
the importance of words.
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في ذلك اليوم فهمت اهمية الكلمة
07:13
I understood how words affect our hearts,
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كيف ان الكلمات تؤثر في قلوبنا
07:17
how words play
an important role in our lives.
an important role in our lives.
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كيف تلعب الكلمات دورا مهما في الحياة
07:22
I understood words
are more powerful than fighting.
are more powerful than fighting.
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فهمت ان الكلمات اقوى من العراك
07:27
At TRDP, I saw there was a Pakistan
which I didn't know,
which I didn't know,
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في الشركة رأيت ان هناك باكستان حيث لم أدري
07:33
a country much more complex
than I had realized.
than I had realized.
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دولة أكثر تعقيدا مما ظننت
07:38
Until that, I thought
I had a difficult life.
I had a difficult life.
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حتى ذلك ظننت ان لدي حياة معقدة
07:41
But here, I saw what women in other parts
of Pakistan were experiencing.
of Pakistan were experiencing.
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لكن هنا رأيت ماذا يعاني النساء في باكستان
07:49
It really opened my eyes.
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لقد فتح ذلك عيناي
07:51
Some women had 11 children
but nothing to feed them.
but nothing to feed them.
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بعض النساء لديها 11 طفل لكن لاشيْ لاطعامهم
07:57
For getting water, they would walk
three hours every day to wells.
three hours every day to wells.
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يمشون 3 ساعات يوميا للحصول على الماء
08:03
The nearest hospital was at least
32 kilometers away.
32 kilometers away.
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اقرب مستشفى كانت على بعد 32 كيلومتر
08:08
So if a woman is in labor,
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فان كان هناك امرأة في المخاض
08:10
she travels by camel
to get to the hospital.
to get to the hospital.
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تسافر على الجمل للوصول للمشفى
08:15
The distance is great;
she may die on her way.
she may die on her way.
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المسافة كبيرة و قد تموت في الطريق
08:19
So now, this became
more than just a job for me.
more than just a job for me.
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لهذا اصبح أكثر من مجرد عمل بالنسبة لي
08:24
I discovered my power.
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اكتشفت قوتي
08:28
Now, as I was getting salary,
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الان عندما احصل على الراتب
08:30
I started sending back money to my home.
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ابدا بارسال المال الى منزلي
08:33
Relatives and neighbors
were noticing this.
were noticing this.
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الاقرباء والجيران كانو لايلاحظون شيئا
08:36
Now they started to understand
the importance of education.
the importance of education.
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الان بدأو يفهمون اهمية التعليم
08:42
By that time, some other parents
started sending their daughters to school.
started sending their daughters to school.
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في ذلك الوقت بدأ الاهالي
ارسال بناتهم للمدرسة
08:50
Slowly, it became easier and acceptable
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شيئا فشيئا اصبح اسهل و مقبولا
08:54
for young women to be in college.
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للشابات ان يكن في الجامعة
08:57
Today, there isn't a single girl
out of school in my village.
out of school in my village.
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اليوم ليس هناك اي فتاة خارج
المدرسة في قريتي
09:03
(Applause)
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(تصفيق)
09:08
Girls are doing jobs
in health sites, even in police.
in health sites, even in police.
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يعملن الفتيات في الصحة والشرطة ايضا الان
09:13
Life was good.
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كانت الحياة جيدة
09:15
But somewhere in my heart,
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لكن في مكان ما في قلبي
09:17
I realized that my region,
beyond my village
beyond my village
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ادركت ان منطقتي خارج قريتي
09:23
needs further change.
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تحتاج تغييرا فرصة اكبر
09:26
This was also the time
when I joined Acumen Fellowship.
when I joined Acumen Fellowship.
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ايضا كان ذلك وقت انضمامي لزمالة Acumen
09:30
There, I met leaders like me
across the country.
across the country.
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هنالك رأيت قادة مثلي عبر الدولة
09:35
And I saw they are taking
risks in their lives.
risks in their lives.
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و رأيت انهم كانوا يخاطرون بحياتهم
09:40
I started to understand
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بدأت افهم
09:44
what leadership really means.
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معنى القيادة الحقيقي
09:47
So I decided to go back to my region
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لذا قررت ان اعود الى منطقتي
09:51
and take a position as a teacher
in a remote school,
in a remote school,
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و اخذ منصب معلمة في مدرسة نائية
09:56
a school that I have to reach by bus --
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مدرسة يجب علي الذهاب اليها بالباص
10:00
two hours traveling,
every morning and evening.
every morning and evening.
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ساعتان من السفر كل صباح وكل مساء
10:05
Though it was hard, on my first day I knew
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على الرغم انه كان صعبا في يومي الاول علمت
10:10
I made the right decision.
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اني اتخذت القرار الصائب
10:13
The first day I walked into the school,
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في اول يوم مشيت فيه الى المدرسة
10:16
I saw all these little Shameems
staring back at me --
staring back at me --
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رأيت شميمات صغار يحدقون الي
10:20
(Laughter)
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(ضحك)
10:22
with dreams in their eyes,
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مع احلام في عيونهم
10:24
the same dream of freedom
which I had in my childhood.
which I had in my childhood.
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نفس حلم الحرية الذي ملكته في صغري
10:29
So the girls are eager to learn,
but the school is understaffed.
but the school is understaffed.
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طالبات حريصات على التعلم لكن
المدرسة بها نقص عمالة
10:34
Girls sit hopeful,
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فتيات يجلسون بأمل
10:38
learn nothing,
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لايتعلمون شيئا
10:39
and they leave.
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ثم يغادرون
10:40
I can't bear to see this happening.
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لا استطيع تحمل رؤية هذا يحدث
10:43
There was no turning back.
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لم يكن هنالك رجوع
10:46
I found my purpose.
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وجدت هدفي
10:49
I enlisted a few of my friends
to help me to teach.
to help me to teach.
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جندت بعضا من صديقاتي لمساعدتي في التدريس
10:54
I'm introducing my girls
to the outside world
to the outside world
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انا اعرف فتياتي للعالم الخارجي
10:58
by extracurricular activities and books.
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بأنشطة لامنهجية و كتب
11:02
I share with them the profiles
of the world's best leaders,
of the world's best leaders,
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شاركت معهم الملف الشخصي لأفضل القادة
11:06
like Martin Luther King
and Nelson Mandela.
and Nelson Mandela.
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مثل الملك مارتن لوثر و نيلسون مانديلا
11:10
Last year, a few of our students
went to college.
went to college.
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العام الماضي بعض طالباتنا التحقوا بالجامعة
11:15
For me, I never stop studying.
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بالنسبة لي لم اتوقف ابدا عن التعلم
11:19
Today, I'm working to complete
my PhD in education --
my PhD in education --
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اليوم اعمل على اكمال دراستي في الدكتوراه
في التعليم
11:24
(Applause)
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(تصفيق)
11:27
which will allow me to gain
a management position
a management position
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مما سيسمح لي بكسب منصب الادارة
11:32
in the school system,
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في نظام التعليم
11:34
and I will be able to make more decisions
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وسوف يكون باستطاعتي تقديم قرارات
11:37
and play a pivotal role in the system.
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ولعب دور محوري في النظام
11:42
I believe that without
educating the girls,
educating the girls,
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اؤمن انه بدون تعليم البنات
11:46
we may not make world peace.
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لن نقدر على ان نحقق السلام العالمي
11:49
We may not reduce child marriage.
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لن نقدر على ايقاف زواج القاصرات
11:52
We may not reduce infant mortality rate.
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لن نقدر على الحد من معدل وفيات الرضع
11:56
We may not reduce maternal mortality rate.
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لن نقدر على الحد من معدل وفيات الامهات
12:00
For this, we have to continuously
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لأجل هذا يجب علينا بشكل مستمر
12:04
and collectively work together.
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ومتعاون ان نعمل معا
12:08
At least I am playing my role,
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على الأقل انا اقوم بدوري
12:11
though the destination is not close.
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على الرغم ان نقطة الوصول ليست قريبة
12:15
The road is not easy.
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الطريق ليس سهل
12:16
But I have dreams in my eyes,
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لكن لدي احلام في عياني
12:19
and I am not going to look back now.
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و انا الان لا أستطيع النظر للوراء
12:24
Thank you.
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شكرا
12:25
(Applause)
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(تصفيق)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shameem Akhtar - Writer, social workerShameem Akhtar is a teacher working to empower girls in Sindh, a province in the southeast of Pakistan.
Why you should listen
Shameem Akhtar is a dedicated and enthusiastic development professional, with special interest in the field of gender, education, social mobilization, emergency/relief, management and literature. She is also engaged in research studies in rural development, doing PhD work at the University of Sindh. She is a member of the Individual Land Organization (Friedrich Naumann Stiftung) and was selected by Acumen Pakistan Fellows 2015 for their one-year course.
Akhtar frequently contributes to print media and literary magazines, work that has brought her close to the study of important social issues like malnutrition, child labor, marginalization and other core problems of the province. She has been active in the training of teachers, children, women and other segments of society in the fields of education, health, livelihood and disaster management under the banner of prestigious organizations in the social service sector.
Shameem Akhtar | Speaker | TED.com