ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paul Pholeros - Architect
Paul Pholeros was a director of Healthabitat, a longstanding effort to improve the health of indigenous people by improving their living housing.

Why you should listen

"Change comes slowly," said architect Paul Pholeros. Which is why he spent more than 30 years committedly working on urban, rural, and remote architectural projects throughout his native Australia and beyond. In particular, he focused on improving the living environments of poor people, understanding that environment plays a key and often overlooked role in health.

An architect himself, Pholeros met his two co-directors in the organization Healthabitat in 1985, when the three were challenged by Yami Lester, the director of an Aboriginal-controlled health service in the Anangu Pitjatjantjara Lands in northwest South Australia, to "stop people getting sick." The findings from that project guided their thinking, as Pholeros and his partners worked to improve sanitation, connect electricity, and provide washing and water facilities to indigenous communities. Above all, the team focused on engaging these local communities to help themselves--and to pass on their skills to others. In this way, a virtuous circle of fighting poverty was born.

Since 2007, Healthabitat has expanded its work beyond Australia, working on similar projects in the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal. In 2011, the firm was awarded the international UN Habitat and Building and Social Housing Foundation's World Habitat Award, and a Leadership in Sustainability prize from the Australian Institute of Architects. In 2012, Healthabitat was one of the six Australian representatives at the Venice International Architectural Biennale.

Paul Pholeros passed away on February 1, 2016. 

More profile about the speaker
Paul Pholeros | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxSydney

Paul Pholeros: How to reduce poverty? Fix homes

Filmed:
1,402,141 views

In 1985, architect Paul Pholeros was challenged to "stop people getting sick" in a small indigenous community in south Australia. And it meant thinking way beyond medicine. In this sparky, interactive talk, Pholeros shares his work with Healthabitat, which works to reduce poverty through practical design fixes -- in Australia and beyond.
- Architect
Paul Pholeros was a director of Healthabitat, a longstanding effort to improve the health of indigenous people by improving their living housing. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
The idea of eliminating poverty is a great goal.
0
1314
5426
00:18
I don't think anyone in this room would disagree.
1
6740
3772
00:22
What worries me is when politicians with money
2
10512
4548
00:27
and charismatic rock stars
3
15060
3731
00:30
use the words,
4
18791
2033
00:32
it all just sounds so, so simple.
5
20824
5985
00:38
Now, I've got no bucket of money today
6
26809
3311
00:42
and I've got no policy to release,
7
30120
3081
00:45
and I certainly haven't got a guitar.
8
33201
2466
00:47
I'll leave that to others.
9
35667
2865
00:50
But I do have an idea,
10
38532
1614
00:52
and that idea is called Housing for Health.
11
40146
3315
00:55
Housing For Health works with poor people.
12
43461
2600
00:58
It works in the places where they live,
13
46061
3055
01:01
and the work is done to improve their health.
14
49116
3933
01:05
Over the last 28 years,
15
53049
2179
01:07
this tough, grinding, dirty work
16
55228
3470
01:10
has been done by literally thousands of people
17
58698
3410
01:14
around Australia, and more recently overseas,
18
62108
3521
01:17
and their work has proven that focused design
19
65629
3981
01:21
can improve even the poorest living environments.
20
69610
3721
01:25
It can improve health, and it can play a part
21
73331
2952
01:28
in reducing, if not eliminating, poverty.
22
76283
4735
01:33
I'm going to start where the story began, 1985,
23
81018
3979
01:36
in central Australia.
24
84997
1958
01:38
A man called Yami Lester, an Aboriginal man,
25
86955
2992
01:41
was running a health service.
26
89947
2520
01:44
Eighty percent of what walked in the door,
27
92467
2159
01:46
in terms of illness, was infectious disease --
28
94626
3961
01:50
third world, developing world infectious disease,
29
98587
3097
01:53
caused by a poor living environment.
30
101684
5235
01:58
Yami assembled a team in Alice Springs.
31
106919
4059
02:02
He got a medical doctor.
32
110978
2488
02:05
He got an environmental health guy.
33
113466
2800
02:08
And he hand-selected a team of local Aboriginal people
34
116266
4768
02:13
to work on this project.
35
121034
2411
02:15
Yami told us at that first meeting, there's no money.
36
123445
3987
02:19
Always a good start, no money.
37
127432
2826
02:22
You have six months.
38
130258
2353
02:24
And I want you to start on a project which in his language
39
132611
2363
02:26
he called "uwankara palyanku kanyintjaku,"
40
134974
3262
02:30
which, translated, is "a plan to stop people getting sick,"
41
138236
5088
02:35
a profound brief.
42
143324
3941
02:39
That was our task.
43
147265
2907
02:42
First step, the medical doctor went away
44
150172
2272
02:44
for about six months,
45
152444
2488
02:46
and he worked on what were to become
46
154932
1854
02:48
these nine health goals, what were we aiming at.
47
156786
6450
02:55
After six months of work, he came to my office
48
163236
2006
02:57
and presented me with those nine words on a piece of paper.
49
165242
4435
03:01
[Washing, clothes, wastewater, nutrition... ]
50
169677
1123
03:02
Now, I was very, very unimpressed.
51
170800
3590
03:06
Come on.
52
174390
1807
03:08
Big ideas need big words
53
176197
2854
03:11
and preferably a lot of them.
54
179051
2479
03:13
This didn't fit the bill.
55
181530
1656
03:15
What I didn't see and what you can't see
56
183186
4176
03:19
is that he'd assembled thousands of pages
57
187362
4649
03:24
of local, national and international health research
58
192011
3586
03:27
that filled out the picture as to why these
59
195597
3206
03:30
were the health targets.
60
198803
1831
03:32
The pictures that came a bit later
61
200634
2773
03:35
had a very simple reason.
62
203407
1403
03:36
The Aboriginal people who were our bosses
63
204810
1657
03:38
and the senior people were most commonly illiterate,
64
206467
3996
03:42
so the story had to be told in pictures
65
210463
2184
03:44
of what were these goals.
66
212647
1724
03:46
We work with the community,
67
214371
2129
03:48
not telling them what was going to happen
68
216500
1711
03:50
in a language they didn't understand.
69
218211
3105
03:53
So we had the goals, and each one of these goals --
70
221316
3544
03:56
and I won't go through them all —
71
224860
1714
03:58
puts at the center the person and their health issue,
72
226574
4160
04:02
and it then connects them
73
230734
1861
04:04
to the bits of the physical environment
74
232595
2792
04:07
that are actually needed to keep their health good.
75
235387
3656
04:11
And the highest priority, you see on the screen,
76
239043
2488
04:13
is washing people once a day, particularly children.
77
241531
4628
04:18
Now I hope most of you are thinking,
78
246159
1365
04:19
"What? That sounds simple."
79
247524
1649
04:21
Now, I'm going to ask you all a very personal question.
80
249173
4321
04:25
This morning before you came,
81
253494
1315
04:26
who could have had a wash using a shower?
82
254809
4906
04:31
I'm not going to ask if you had a shower,
83
259715
1916
04:33
because I'm too polite. That's it. (Laughter)
84
261631
2717
04:36
Okay. All right.
85
264348
1716
04:38
I think it's fair to say, most people here
86
266064
2013
04:40
could have had a shower this morning.
87
268077
2172
04:42
I'm going to ask you to do some more work.
88
270249
2316
04:44
I want you all to select one of the houses
89
272565
2605
04:47
of the 25 houses you see on the screen.
90
275170
2076
04:49
I want you to select one of them and note
91
277246
1662
04:50
the position of that house
92
278908
1525
04:52
and keep that in your head.
93
280433
1473
04:53
Have you all got a house? I'm going to ask you
94
281906
2216
04:56
to live there for a few months, so make sure you've got it right.
95
284122
2761
04:58
It's in the northwest of Western Australia, very pleasant place.
96
286883
3234
05:02
Okay. Let's see if your shower in that house is working.
97
290117
5263
05:07
I hear some "aw"s and I hear some "aah."
98
295380
2831
05:10
If you get a green tick, your shower's working.
99
298211
3080
05:13
You and your kids are fine.
100
301291
1175
05:14
If you get a red cross,
101
302466
2337
05:16
well, I've looked carefully around the room
102
304803
2454
05:19
and it's not going to make much difference to this crew.
103
307257
2854
05:22
Why? Because you're all too old.
104
310111
2812
05:24
And I know that's going to come as a shock to some of you,
105
312923
1813
05:26
but you are.
106
314736
1321
05:28
Now before you get offended and leave,
107
316057
2087
05:30
I've got to say that being too old in this case
108
318144
2283
05:32
means that pretty much everyone in the room, I think,
109
320427
3129
05:35
is over five years of age.
110
323556
3466
05:39
We're really concerned with kids naught to five.
111
327022
3228
05:42
And why? Washing is the antidote to the sort of bugs,
112
330250
6284
05:48
the common infectious diseases of the eyes, the ears,
113
336534
2896
05:51
the chest and the skin
114
339430
3008
05:54
that, if they occur in the first five years of life,
115
342438
2896
05:57
permanently damage those organs.
116
345334
3909
06:01
They leave a lifelong remnant.
117
349243
3662
06:04
That means that, by the age of five,
118
352905
2344
06:07
you can't see as well for the rest of your life.
119
355249
2249
06:09
You can't hear as well for the rest of your life.
120
357498
2575
06:12
You can't breath as well. You've lost a third
121
360073
1884
06:13
of your lung capacity by the age of five.
122
361957
2796
06:16
And even skin infection, which we originally thought
123
364753
3048
06:19
wasn't that big a problem,
124
367801
2208
06:22
mild skin infections naught to five give you
125
370009
2640
06:24
a greatly increased chance of renal failure,
126
372649
2480
06:27
needing dialysis at age 40.
127
375129
3235
06:30
This is a big deal, so the ticks and crosses on the screen
128
378364
2919
06:33
are actually critical for young kids.
129
381283
3414
06:36
Those ticks and crosses represent the 7,800 houses
130
384697
3242
06:39
we've looked at nationally around Australia,
131
387939
1886
06:41
the same proportion.
132
389825
1526
06:43
What you see on the screen -- 35 percent of those
133
391351
3044
06:46
not-so-famous houses lived in by 50,000 indigenous people,
134
394395
3910
06:50
35 percent had a working shower.
135
398305
3672
06:53
Ten percent of those same 7,800 houses
136
401977
3322
06:57
had safe electrical systems,
137
405299
2662
06:59
and 58 percent of those houses
138
407961
3904
07:03
had a working toilet.
139
411865
3505
07:07
These are by a simple, standard test:
140
415370
3087
07:10
In the case of the shower, does it have hot and cold water,
141
418457
3912
07:14
two taps that work,
142
422369
3045
07:17
a shower rose to get water onto your head
143
425414
3964
07:21
or onto your body, and a drain that takes the water away?
144
429378
2327
07:23
Not well designed, not beautiful, not elegant --
145
431705
4234
07:27
just that they function.
146
435939
1369
07:29
And the same test for the electrical system and the toilets.
147
437308
4503
07:33
Housing for Health projects aren't about measuring failure.
148
441811
2512
07:36
They're actually about improving houses.
149
444323
3032
07:39
We start on day one of every project -- we've learned,
150
447355
4416
07:43
we don't make promises, we don't do reports.
151
451771
2384
07:46
We arrive in the morning with tools, tons of equipment,
152
454155
4727
07:50
trades, and we train up a local team on the first day
153
458882
3529
07:54
to start work.
154
462411
1099
07:55
By the evening of the first day, a few houses
155
463510
2602
07:58
in that community are better
156
466112
1329
07:59
than when we started in the morning.
157
467441
2048
08:01
That work continues for six to 12 months
158
469489
2539
08:04
until all the houses are improved
159
472028
1722
08:05
and we've spent our budget of 7,500
160
473750
3020
08:08
dollars total per house.
161
476770
1605
08:10
That's our average budget.
162
478375
1961
08:12
At the end of six months to a year, we test every house again.
163
480336
4435
08:16
It's very easy to spend money.
164
484771
2192
08:18
It's very difficult to improve the function
165
486963
2568
08:21
of all those parts of the house,
166
489531
2024
08:23
and for a whole house, the nine healthy living practices,
167
491555
2912
08:26
we test, check and fix 250 items in every house.
168
494467
4694
08:31
And these are the results
169
499161
1464
08:32
we can get with our 7,500 dollars.
170
500625
2527
08:35
We can get showers up to 86 percent working,
171
503152
2749
08:37
we can get electrical systems up to 77 percent working,
172
505901
3815
08:41
and we can get 90 percent of toilets working
173
509716
2657
08:44
in those 7,500 houses.
174
512373
2583
08:46
Thank you. (Applause)
175
514956
5335
08:55
The teams do a great job, and that's their work.
176
523652
4801
09:00
I think there's an obvious question
177
528453
2229
09:02
that I hope you're thinking about.
178
530682
2911
09:05
Why do we have to do this work?
179
533593
2466
09:08
Why are the houses in such poor condition?
180
536059
3029
09:11
Seventy percent of the work we do
181
539088
2102
09:13
is due to lack of routine maintenance,
182
541190
1607
09:14
the sort of things that happen in all our houses.
183
542797
1885
09:16
Things wear out.
184
544682
1509
09:18
Should have been done by state government or local government.
185
546191
2902
09:21
Simply not done, the house doesn't work.
186
549093
3170
09:24
Twenty-one percent of the things we fix
187
552263
2164
09:26
are due to faulty construction,
188
554427
1866
09:28
literally things that are built upside down and back-to-front.
189
556293
3025
09:31
They don't work. We have to fix them.
190
559318
2481
09:33
And if you've lived in Australia in the last 30 years,
191
561799
3634
09:37
the final cause -- You will have heard always
192
565433
3789
09:41
that indigenous people trash houses.
193
569222
2162
09:43
It's one of the almost rock-solid pieces of evidence,
194
571384
3523
09:46
which I've never seen evidence for,
195
574907
1978
09:48
that's always ruled out as that's the problem with indigenous housing.
196
576885
2992
09:51
Well, nine percent of what we spend is damage,
197
579877
2320
09:54
misuse or abuse of any sort.
198
582197
3789
09:57
We argue strongly that the people living in the house
199
585986
3203
10:01
are simply not the problem.
200
589189
1981
10:03
And we'll go a lot further than that.
201
591170
1500
10:04
The people living in the house are actually
202
592670
1881
10:06
a major part of the solution.
203
594551
3198
10:09
Seventy-five percent of our national team in Australia,
204
597749
3389
10:13
over 75 at the minute,
205
601138
1931
10:15
are actually local, indigenous people
206
603069
2764
10:17
from the communities we work in.
207
605833
1909
10:19
They do all aspects of the work.
208
607742
2450
10:22
(Applause)
209
610192
5761
10:27
In 2010, for example, there were 831,
210
615953
3619
10:31
all over Australia, and the Torres Strait Islands,
211
619572
2860
10:34
all states, working to improve the houses
212
622432
2792
10:37
where they and their families live,
213
625224
1651
10:38
and that's an important thing.
214
626875
2247
10:41
Our work's always had a focus on health. That's the key.
215
629122
5139
10:46
The developing world bug trachoma, it causes blindness.
216
634261
3657
10:49
It's a developing world illness,
217
637918
2202
10:52
and yet, the picture you see behind
218
640120
2041
10:54
is in an Aboriginal community in the late 1990s
219
642161
3622
10:57
where 95 percent of school-aged kids had active trachoma
220
645783
3954
11:01
in their eyes doing damage.
221
649737
3135
11:04
Okay, what do we do?
222
652872
1570
11:06
Well, first thing we do, we get showers working.
223
654442
3223
11:09
Why? Because that flushes the bug out.
224
657665
1647
11:11
We put washing facilities in the school as well,
225
659312
2687
11:13
so kids can wash their faces many times during the day.
226
661999
2761
11:16
We wash the bug out.
227
664760
1662
11:18
Second, the eye doctors tell us that dust scours the eye
228
666422
4033
11:22
and lets the bug in quick. So what do we do?
229
670455
2339
11:24
We call up the doctor of dust, and there is such a person.
230
672794
3444
11:28
He was loaned to us by a mining company.
231
676238
2234
11:30
He controls dust on mining company sites,
232
678472
2144
11:32
and he came out, and within a day it worked out
233
680616
2801
11:35
that most dust in this community was
234
683417
2022
11:37
within a meter of the ground, the wind-driven dust,
235
685439
2749
11:40
so he suggested making mounds to catch the dust
236
688188
3093
11:43
before it went into the house area
237
691281
1993
11:45
and affected the eyes of kids.
238
693274
1782
11:47
So we used dirt to stop dust.
239
695056
3758
11:50
We did it. He provided us dust monitors.
240
698814
2629
11:53
We tested and we reduced the dust.
241
701443
2269
11:55
Then we wanted to get rid of the bug generally.
242
703712
2196
11:57
So how do we do that?
243
705908
1155
11:59
Well, we call up the doctor of flies,
244
707063
2897
12:01
and yes there is a doctor of flies.
245
709960
2451
12:04
As our Aboriginal mate said,
246
712411
1750
12:06
"You white fellows ought to get out more."
247
714161
2039
12:08
(Laughter)
248
716200
2179
12:10
And the doctor of flies very quickly determined
249
718379
3445
12:13
that there was one fly that carried the bug.
250
721824
3835
12:17
He could give school kids in this community
251
725659
2714
12:20
the beautiful fly trap you see above in the slide.
252
728373
2822
12:23
They could trap the flies, send them to him in Perth.
253
731195
2869
12:26
When the bug was in the gut, he'd send back
254
734064
2729
12:28
by return post some dung beetles.
255
736793
2195
12:30
The dung beetles ate the camel dung,
256
738988
1655
12:32
the flies died through lack of food,
257
740643
2383
12:35
and trachoma dropped.
258
743026
1497
12:36
And over the year, trachoma dropped
259
744523
2558
12:39
radically in this place, and stayed low.
260
747081
3279
12:42
We changed the environment, not just treated the eyes.
261
750360
4333
12:46
And finally, you get a good eye.
262
754693
3972
12:50
All these small health gains
263
758665
2423
12:53
and small pieces of the puzzle make a big difference.
264
761088
2952
12:56
The New South Wales Department of Health,
265
764040
1952
12:57
that radical organization,
266
765992
1091
12:59
did an independent trial over three years
267
767083
3765
13:02
to look at 10 years of the work we've been doing
268
770848
2297
13:05
in these sorts of projects in New South Wales,
269
773145
2671
13:07
and they found a 40-percent reduction
270
775816
3648
13:11
in hospital admissions for the illnesses
271
779464
3436
13:14
that you could attribute to the poor environment.
272
782900
2316
13:17
A 40-percent reduction.
273
785216
2436
13:19
(Applause)
274
787652
7761
13:27
Just to show that the principles we've used
275
795413
2302
13:29
in Australia can be used in other places,
276
797715
1991
13:31
I'm just going to go to one other place, and that's Nepal,
277
799706
2607
13:34
and what a beautiful place to go.
278
802313
1912
13:36
We were asked by a small village of 600 people
279
804225
3510
13:39
to go in and make toilets where none existed.
280
807735
3912
13:43
Health was poor.
281
811647
2623
13:46
We went in with no grand plan, no grand promises
282
814270
2620
13:48
of a great program, just the offer to build
283
816890
1966
13:50
two toilets for two families.
284
818856
2038
13:52
It was during the design of the first toilet
285
820894
3413
13:56
that I went for lunch, invited by the family
286
824307
2615
13:58
into their main room of the house.
287
826922
1744
14:00
It was choking with smoke.
288
828666
1991
14:02
People were cooking on their only fuel source, green timber.
289
830657
3664
14:06
The smoke coming off that timber is choking,
290
834321
2149
14:08
and in an enclosed house, you simply can't breathe.
291
836470
2653
14:11
Later we found the leading cause of illness and death
292
839123
4759
14:15
in this particular region is through respiratory failure.
293
843882
3583
14:19
So all of a sudden we had two problems.
294
847465
2224
14:21
We were there originally to look at toilets
295
849689
2209
14:23
and get human waste off the ground. That's fine.
296
851898
1873
14:25
But all of a sudden now there was a second problem.
297
853771
3095
14:28
How do we actually get the smoke down? So two problems,
298
856866
2915
14:31
and design should be about more than one thing.
299
859781
3165
14:34
Solution: Take human waste, take animal waste,
300
862946
3594
14:38
put it into a chamber, out of that extract biogas,
301
866540
3382
14:41
methane gas.
302
869922
1663
14:43
The gas gives three to four hours cooking a day --
303
871585
3092
14:46
clean, smokeless and free for the family.
304
874677
3998
14:50
(Applause)
305
878675
5167
14:55
I put it to you, is this eliminating poverty?
306
883842
2734
14:58
And the answer from the Nepali team who is working
307
886576
3355
15:01
at the minute would say, don't be ridiculous,
308
889931
2230
15:04
we have three million more toilets to build
309
892161
2296
15:06
before we can even make a stab at that claim.
310
894457
2756
15:09
And I don't pretend anything else.
311
897213
2804
15:12
But as we all sit here today,
312
900017
2528
15:14
there are now over 100 toilets built
313
902545
2312
15:16
in this village and a couple nearby.
314
904857
2128
15:18
Well over 1,000 people use those toilets.
315
906985
3596
15:22
Yami Lama, he's a young boy.
316
910581
3068
15:25
He's got significantly less gut infection
317
913649
2907
15:28
because he's now got toilets,
318
916556
1441
15:29
and there isn't human waste on the ground.
319
917997
3744
15:33
Kanji Maya, she's a mother and a proud one.
320
921741
3640
15:37
She's probably right now cooking lunch for her family
321
925381
4200
15:41
on biogas, smokeless fuel.
322
929581
2783
15:44
Her lungs have got better, and they'll get better
323
932364
2312
15:46
as time increases, because she's not cooking in the same smoke.
324
934676
2976
15:49
Surya takes the waste out of the biogas chamber
325
937652
2766
15:52
when it's shed the gas, he puts it on his crops.
326
940418
2750
15:55
He's trebled his crop income,
327
943168
2605
15:57
more food for the family and more money for the family.
328
945773
3247
16:01
And finally Bishnu,
329
949020
1795
16:02
the leader of the team, has now understood
330
950815
4028
16:06
that not only have we built toilets,
331
954843
2142
16:08
we've also built a team,
332
956985
2176
16:11
and that team is now working in two villages
333
959161
2656
16:13
where they're training up the next two villages
334
961817
2497
16:16
to keep the work expanding.
335
964314
1854
16:18
And that, to me, is the key.
336
966168
1649
16:19
(Applause)
337
967817
4691
16:24
People are not the problem.
338
972508
3776
16:28
We've never found that.
339
976284
1616
16:29
The problem: poor living environment,
340
977900
2078
16:31
poor housing, and the bugs that do people harm.
341
979978
4978
16:36
None of those are limited by geography,
342
984956
3035
16:39
by skin color or by religion. None of them.
343
987991
4931
16:44
The common link between all the work we've had to do
344
992922
2362
16:47
is one thing, and that's poverty.
345
995284
3771
16:51
Nelson Mandela said, in the mid-2000s,
346
999055
2948
16:54
not too far from here, he said that
347
1002003
2096
16:56
like slavery and Apartheid, "Poverty is not natural.
348
1004099
5275
17:01
It's man-made and can be overcome and eradicated
349
1009374
4025
17:05
by the actions of human beings."
350
1013399
3137
17:08
I want to end by saying it's been the actions
351
1016536
3522
17:12
of thousands of ordinary human beings
352
1020058
3889
17:15
doing, I think, extraordinary work,
353
1023947
3459
17:19
that have actually improved health,
354
1027406
2468
17:21
and, maybe only in a small way, reduced poverty.
355
1029874
3320
17:25
Thank you very much for your time.
356
1033194
1942
17:27
(Applause)
357
1035136
5000
Translated by Joseph Geni
Reviewed by Morton Bast

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paul Pholeros - Architect
Paul Pholeros was a director of Healthabitat, a longstanding effort to improve the health of indigenous people by improving their living housing.

Why you should listen

"Change comes slowly," said architect Paul Pholeros. Which is why he spent more than 30 years committedly working on urban, rural, and remote architectural projects throughout his native Australia and beyond. In particular, he focused on improving the living environments of poor people, understanding that environment plays a key and often overlooked role in health.

An architect himself, Pholeros met his two co-directors in the organization Healthabitat in 1985, when the three were challenged by Yami Lester, the director of an Aboriginal-controlled health service in the Anangu Pitjatjantjara Lands in northwest South Australia, to "stop people getting sick." The findings from that project guided their thinking, as Pholeros and his partners worked to improve sanitation, connect electricity, and provide washing and water facilities to indigenous communities. Above all, the team focused on engaging these local communities to help themselves--and to pass on their skills to others. In this way, a virtuous circle of fighting poverty was born.

Since 2007, Healthabitat has expanded its work beyond Australia, working on similar projects in the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal. In 2011, the firm was awarded the international UN Habitat and Building and Social Housing Foundation's World Habitat Award, and a Leadership in Sustainability prize from the Australian Institute of Architects. In 2012, Healthabitat was one of the six Australian representatives at the Venice International Architectural Biennale.

Paul Pholeros passed away on February 1, 2016. 

More profile about the speaker
Paul Pholeros | Speaker | TED.com

Data provided by TED.

This site was created in May 2015 and the last update was on January 12, 2020. It will no longer be updated.

We are currently creating a new site called "eng.lish.video" and would be grateful if you could access it.

If you have any questions or suggestions, please feel free to write comments in your language on the contact form.

Privacy Policy

Developer's Blog

Buy Me A Coffee