ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ian Bremmer - Political theorist
Ian Bremmer is the president and founder of Eurasia Group, a political risk research and consulting firm.

Why you should listen

Dubbed a "rising guru" in the field of political risk by The Economist, Ian Bremmer teaches classes on the discipline as global research professor at New York University and is a foreign affairs columnist and editor at large for Time magazine. His latest book, Superpower: Three Choices for America’s Role in the World, was published in May 2015.

Bremmer is credited with bringing the craft of political risk to financial markets. He created Wall Street's first global political risk index (GPRI), and he established political risk as an academic discipline. His definition of emerging markets -- "those countries where politics matter at least as much as economics for market outcomes" -- has become an industry standard. "G-Zero," his term for a global power vacuum in which no country is willing and able to set the international agenda, is widely accepted by policymakers and thought leaders.

Bremmer has published nine books including the national bestsellers Every Nation for Itself: Winners and Losers in a G-Zero World and The End of the Free Market: Who Wins the War Between States and Corporations? He is a regular columnist for the Financial Times and has written hundreds of articles for many leading publications. He appears regularly on CNBC, Fox, Bloomberg, CNN, the BBC and other networks.

Bremmer earned a PhD in political science from Stanford University in 1994 and was the youngest-ever national fellow at the Hoover Institution. In 2007, Bremmer was named a Young Global Leader of the World Economic Forum, where he is the founding chairman of the Global Agenda Council on Geopolitical Risk. He is the Harold J. Newman Distinguished Fellow in Geopolitics at the Asia Society Policy Institute and serves on the President's Council of the Near East Foundation, the Leadership Council for Concordia and the Board of Trustees of Intelligence Squared.

Bremmer grew up in Boston and currently lives in New York and Washington.

More profile about the speaker
Ian Bremmer | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxNewYork

Ian Bremmer: How the US should use its superpower status

Filmed:
1,014,028 views

Americanization and globalization have basically been the same thing for the last several generations. But the US's view of the world -- and the world's view of the US -- is changing. In a fast-paced tour of the current state of international politics, Ian Bremmer discusses the challenges of a world where no single country or alliance can meet the challenges of global leadership and asks if the US is ready to lead by example, not by force.
- Political theorist
Ian Bremmer is the president and founder of Eurasia Group, a political risk research and consulting firm. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
When you come to TEDx,
you always think about technology,
0
600
2696
00:15
the world changing,
becoming more innovative.
1
3320
2336
00:17
You think about the driverless.
2
5680
1776
00:19
Everyone's talking
about driverless cars these days,
3
7480
3416
00:22
and I love the concept
of a driverless car,
4
10920
3096
00:26
but when I go in one, you know,
5
14040
3496
00:29
I want it really slow,
6
17560
1920
00:32
I want access to the steering wheel
and the brake, just in case.
7
20240
4480
00:37
I don't know about you,
but I am not ready for a driverless bus.
8
25720
3520
00:42
I am not ready for a driverless airplane.
9
30560
2760
00:46
How about a driverless world?
10
34520
2040
00:50
And I ask you that
11
38000
1480
00:52
because we are increasingly in one.
12
40440
2640
00:56
It's not supposed to be that way.
13
44800
1976
00:58
We're number one,
14
46800
1776
01:00
the United States is large and in charge.
15
48600
3896
01:04
Americanization and globalization
for the last several generations
16
52520
4816
01:09
have basically been the same thing.
17
57360
2656
01:12
Right? Whether it's
the World Trade Organization
18
60040
3816
01:15
or it's the IMF, the World Bank,
19
63880
2336
01:18
the Bretton Woods Accord on currency,
20
66240
1836
01:20
these were American institutions,
21
68100
1756
01:21
our values, our friends, our allies,
our money, our standards.
22
69880
4616
01:26
That was the way the world worked.
23
74520
3080
01:30
So it's sort of interesting,
if you want to look at how the US looks,
24
78280
4896
01:35
here it is.
25
83200
1216
01:36
This is our view of how the world is run.
26
84440
3296
01:39
President Obama has got the red carpet,
27
87760
2816
01:42
he goes down Air Force One,
28
90600
1816
01:44
and it feels pretty good,
it feels pretty comfortable.
29
92440
2536
01:47
Well, I don't know how many of you
saw the China trip last week
30
95000
3616
01:50
and the G20.
31
98640
2056
01:52
Oh my God. Right?
32
100720
2216
01:54
This is how we landed
33
102960
1656
01:56
for the most important meeting
of the world's leaders in China.
34
104640
3496
02:00
The National Security Advisor
was actually spewing expletives
35
108160
3976
02:04
on the tarmac --
36
112160
1816
02:06
no red carpet,
37
114000
1416
02:07
kind of left out the bottom of the plane
38
115440
2656
02:10
along with all the media
and everybody else.
39
118120
2800
02:13
Later on in the G20,
40
121920
1976
02:15
well, there's Obama.
41
123920
1520
02:18
(Laughter)
42
126360
1336
02:19
Hi, George.
43
127720
1616
02:21
Hi, Norman.
44
129360
1200
02:24
They look like they're
about to get into a cage match, right?
45
132480
3736
02:28
And they did. It was 90 minutes long,
and they talked about Syria.
46
136240
3096
02:31
That's what Putin wanted to talk about.
47
139360
1896
02:33
He's increasingly calling the shots.
48
141280
1736
02:35
He's the one willing to do stuff there.
49
143040
2616
02:37
There's not a lot of mutual like or trust,
50
145680
4176
02:41
but it's not as if the Americans
are telling him what to do.
51
149880
2856
02:44
How about when the whole 20
are getting together?
52
152760
2336
02:47
Surely, when the leaders are all onstage,
53
155120
1953
02:49
then the Americans
are pulling their weight.
54
157097
2079
02:51
Uh-oh.
55
159200
1416
02:52
(Laughter)
56
160640
1760
02:55
Xi Jinping seems fine.
57
163760
3096
02:58
Angela Merkel has -- she always does --
58
166880
1896
03:00
that look, she always does that.
59
168800
2376
03:03
But Putin is telling
Turkish president Erdogan what to do,
60
171200
3016
03:06
and Obama is like,
what's going on over there?
61
174240
4600
03:11
You see. And the problem is
it's not a G20,
62
179840
3336
03:15
the problem is
63
183200
1216
03:16
it's a G-Zero world that we live in,
64
184440
2976
03:19
a world order where there is
no single country or alliance
65
187440
4416
03:23
that can meet the challenges
of global leadership.
66
191880
3376
03:27
The G20 doesn't work,
67
195280
1880
03:29
the G7, all of our friends,
that's history.
68
197880
3440
03:34
So globalization is continuing.
69
202000
2376
03:36
Goods and services and people
and capital are moving across borders
70
204400
3656
03:40
faster and faster than ever before,
71
208080
2016
03:42
but Americanization is not.
72
210120
3040
03:45
So if I've convinced you of that,
73
213840
1616
03:47
I want to do two things
with the rest of this talk.
74
215480
2736
03:50
I want to talk
about the implications of that
75
218240
3456
03:53
for the whole world.
76
221720
1256
03:55
I'll go around it.
77
223000
1536
03:56
And then I want to talk about
78
224560
1616
03:58
what we think right here
79
226200
2896
04:01
in the United States and in New York.
80
229120
3416
04:04
So why? What are the implications.
Why are we here?
81
232560
2616
04:07
Well, we're here
82
235200
1816
04:09
because the United States,
83
237040
3376
04:12
we spent two trillion dollars
on wars in Iraq and Afghanistan
84
240440
3816
04:16
that were failed.
85
244280
1216
04:17
We don't want to do that anymore.
86
245520
1616
04:19
We have large numbers
of middle and working classes
87
247160
3656
04:22
that feel like they've not benefited
from promises of globalization,
88
250840
4096
04:26
so they don't want to see it particularly.
89
254960
2040
04:29
And we have an energy revolution
90
257640
2656
04:32
where we don't need OPEC
or the Middle East the way we used to.
91
260320
3176
04:35
We produce all that right here
in the United States.
92
263520
2456
04:38
So the Americans don't want
to be the global sheriff for security
93
266000
5336
04:43
or the architect of global trade.
94
271360
2296
04:45
The Americans don't want to even be
the cheerleader of global values.
95
273680
3416
04:49
Well, then you look to Europe,
96
277120
3656
04:52
and the most important
alliance in the world
97
280800
2096
04:54
has been the transatlantic relationship.
98
282920
2736
04:57
But it is now weaker than it has been
at any point since World War II,
99
285680
4376
05:02
all of the crises,
the Brexit conversations,
100
290080
2576
05:04
the hedging going on
between the French and the Russians,
101
292680
4096
05:08
or the Germans and the Turks,
or the Brits and the Chinese.
102
296800
3600
05:13
China does want to do more leadership.
103
301000
1936
05:14
They do, but only in the economic sphere,
104
302960
3016
05:18
and they want their own values,
standards, currency,
105
306000
3096
05:21
in competition with that of the US.
106
309120
2096
05:23
The Russians want to do more leadership.
107
311240
1936
05:25
You see that in Ukraine,
108
313200
2056
05:27
in the Baltic states, in the Middle East,
109
315280
2856
05:30
but not with the Americans.
110
318160
1736
05:31
They want their own preferences and order.
111
319920
2616
05:34
That's why we are where we are.
112
322560
2896
05:37
So what happens going forward?
113
325480
3296
05:40
Let's start easy,
114
328800
2136
05:42
with the Middle East.
115
330960
1200
05:45
(Laughter)
116
333160
1720
05:48
You know, I left a little out,
117
336560
2616
05:51
but you get the general idea.
118
339200
3336
05:54
Look, there are three reasons
119
342560
1416
05:56
why the Middle East
has had stability such as it is. Right?
120
344000
5056
06:01
One is because there was
a willingness to provide
121
349080
4096
06:05
some level of military security
by the US and allies.
122
353200
3376
06:08
Number two, it was easy to take
a lot of cheap money out of the ground
123
356600
4656
06:13
because oil was expensive.
124
361280
1776
06:15
And number three
125
363080
1336
06:16
was no matter how bad the leaders were,
the populations were relatively quiescent.
126
364440
5096
06:21
They didn't have the ability,
and many didn't have the will
127
369560
2776
06:24
to really rise up against.
128
372360
1456
06:25
Well, I can tell you, in a G-Zero world,
129
373840
2536
06:28
all three of those things
are increasingly not true,
130
376400
3616
06:32
and so failed states,
131
380040
2336
06:34
terrorism, refugees and the rest.
132
382400
3216
06:37
Does the entire Middle East fall apart?
133
385640
1936
06:39
No, the Kurds will do better,
and Iraq, Israel, Iran over time.
134
387600
3856
06:43
But generally speaking,
it's not a good look.
135
391480
2376
06:45
OK, how about this guy?
136
393880
3376
06:49
He's playing a poor hand very well.
137
397280
2456
06:51
There's no question
he's hitting above his weight.
138
399760
2896
06:54
But long term -- I didn't mean that.
139
402680
3256
06:57
But long term, long term,
140
405960
4296
07:02
if you think that the Russians
141
410280
1656
07:03
were antagonized by the US and Europe
expanding NATO right up to their borders
142
411960
5616
07:09
when we said they weren't going to,
143
417600
1646
07:11
and the EU encroaching them,
144
419270
2386
07:13
just wait until the Chinese
put hundreds of billions of dollars
145
421680
3456
07:17
in every country around Russia
they thought they had influence in.
146
425160
3136
07:20
The Chinese are going to dominate it.
The Russians are picking up the crumbs.
147
428320
3656
07:24
In a G-Zero world, this is going to be
a very tense 10 years for Mr. Putin.
148
432000
6360
07:33
It's not all bad. Right?
149
441040
2656
07:35
Asia actually looks a lot better.
150
443720
2256
07:38
There are real leaders across Asia,
151
446000
3176
07:41
they have a lot of political stability.
152
449200
2376
07:43
They're there for a while.
153
451600
1256
07:44
Mr. Modi in India,
154
452880
2256
07:47
Mr. Abe, who is probably
about to get a third term written in
155
455160
3976
07:51
in the Liberal Democratic Party in Japan,
156
459160
1976
07:53
of course Xi Jinping
who is consolidating enormous power,
157
461160
3136
07:56
the most powerful leader in China
158
464320
2336
07:58
since Mao.
159
466680
1656
08:00
Those are the three
most important economies in Asia.
160
468360
3216
08:03
Now look, there are problems in Asia.
161
471600
1816
08:05
We see the sparring
over the South China Sea.
162
473440
2656
08:08
We see that Kim Jong Un,
just in the last couple of days,
163
476120
2696
08:10
tested yet another nuclear weapon.
164
478840
3176
08:14
But the leaders in Asia
do not feel the need
165
482040
4256
08:18
to wave the flag,
166
486320
1536
08:19
to go xenophobic,
167
487880
1816
08:21
to actually allow escalation
168
489720
3056
08:24
of the geopolitical
and cross-border tensions.
169
492800
2496
08:27
They want to focus on long-term
economic stability and growth.
170
495320
5376
08:32
And that's what they're actually doing.
171
500720
2000
08:35
Let's turn to Europe.
172
503600
1520
08:38
Europe does look a little scared
in this environment.
173
506320
2576
08:40
So much of what is happening
in the Middle East
174
508920
2296
08:43
is washing up quite literally
onto European shores.
175
511240
4736
08:48
You see Brexit and you see
the concerns of populism
176
516000
3775
08:51
across all of the European states.
177
519799
3577
08:55
Let me tell you that over the long term,
178
523400
2656
08:58
in a G-Zero world,
179
526080
1776
08:59
European expansion
will be seen to have gone too far.
180
527880
3720
09:04
Europe went right up to Russia,
went right down to the Middle East,
181
532520
3776
09:08
and if the world were truly becoming
more flat and more Americanized,
182
536320
4256
09:12
that would be less of a problem,
183
540600
1576
09:14
but in a G-Zero world,
those countries nearest Russia
184
542200
3496
09:17
and nearest the Middle East
185
545720
1616
09:19
actually have different
economic capabilities,
186
547360
3376
09:22
different social stability
187
550760
1816
09:24
and different political preferences
and systems than core Europe.
188
552600
4176
09:28
So Europe was able to truly expand
189
556800
3016
09:31
under the G7,
190
559840
2056
09:33
but under the G-Zero,
Europe will get smaller.
191
561920
2536
09:36
Core Europe around Germany
and France and others
192
564480
4016
09:40
will still work, be functional,
stable, wealthy, integrated.
193
568520
4056
09:44
But the periphery,
194
572600
1416
09:46
countries like Greece
and Turkey and others,
195
574040
2456
09:48
will not look that good at all.
196
576520
2400
09:52
Latin America, a lot of populism,
197
580200
3376
09:55
made the economies not go so well.
198
583600
2016
09:57
They had been more opposed
to the United States for decades.
199
585640
2856
10:00
Increasingly, they're coming back.
200
588520
1936
10:02
We see that in Argentina.
201
590480
1656
10:04
We see it with the openness in Cuba.
202
592160
1736
10:05
We will see it in Venezuela
when Maduro falls.
203
593920
3216
10:09
We will see it in Brazil
after the impeachment
204
597160
3016
10:12
and when we finally see
a new legitimate president elected there.
205
600200
3880
10:16
The only place you see
that is moving in another direction
206
604720
3096
10:19
is the unpopularity
of Mexican president Peña Nieto.
207
607840
3576
10:23
There you could actually see
a slip away from the United States
208
611440
3856
10:27
over the coming years.
209
615320
1256
10:28
The US election matters a lot
on that one, too.
210
616600
3016
10:31
(Laughter)
211
619640
1320
10:33
Africa, right?
212
621600
1816
10:35
A lot of people have said
it's going to be Africa's decade, finally.
213
623440
3216
10:38
In a G-Zero world,
it is absolutely an amazing time
214
626680
3536
10:42
for a few African countries,
215
630240
1736
10:44
those governed well
with a lot of urbanization,
216
632000
2656
10:46
a lot of smart people,
women really getting into the workforce,
217
634680
3496
10:50
entrepreneurship taking off.
218
638200
1976
10:52
But for most of the countries in Africa,
219
640200
2776
10:55
it's going to be a lot more dicey:
220
643000
1896
10:56
extreme climate conditions,
221
644920
3016
10:59
radicalism both from Islam
and also Christianity,
222
647960
4216
11:04
very poor governance,
223
652200
1416
11:05
borders you can't defend,
lots of forced migration.
224
653640
3016
11:08
Those countries can fall off the map.
225
656680
2096
11:10
So you're really going to see
an extreme segregation going on
226
658800
3736
11:14
between the winners
and the losers across Africa.
227
662560
3336
11:17
Finally, back to the United States.
228
665920
3896
11:21
What do I think about us?
229
669840
2616
11:24
Because there are a lot of upset people,
230
672480
2736
11:27
not here at TEDx, I know,
231
675240
2656
11:29
but in the United States, my God,
232
677920
1776
11:31
after 15 months of campaigning,
we should be upset.
233
679720
2456
11:34
I understand that.
234
682200
1976
11:36
But a lot of people are upset
because they say, "Washington's broken,
235
684200
3256
11:39
we don't trust the establishment,
we hate the media."
236
687480
2496
11:42
Heck, even globalists like me
are taking it on the chin.
237
690000
4136
11:46
Look, I do think we have to recognize,
238
694160
4616
11:50
my fellow campers,
239
698800
2216
11:53
that when you are being
chased by the bear,
240
701040
4416
11:57
in the global context,
you need not outrun the bear,
241
705480
4296
12:01
you need to only outrun
your fellow campers.
242
709800
2616
12:04
(Laughter)
243
712440
2080
12:07
Now, I just told you
244
715720
2136
12:09
about our fellow campers.
245
717880
2096
12:12
Right? And from that perspective,
246
720000
2936
12:14
we look OK.
247
722960
2016
12:17
A lot of people in that context say,
248
725000
2016
12:19
"Let's go dollar.
Let's go New York real estate.
249
727040
3496
12:22
Let's send our kids
to American universities."
250
730560
3056
12:25
You know, our neighbors are awesome:
251
733640
2136
12:27
Canada, Mexico
and two big bodies of water.
252
735800
2856
12:30
You know how much Turkey
would love to have neighbors like that?
253
738680
4376
12:35
Those are awesome neighbors.
254
743080
2080
12:38
Terrorism is a problem
in the United States.
255
746400
2296
12:40
God knows we know it here in New York.
256
748720
3296
12:44
But it's a much bigger problem
in Europe than the US.
257
752040
2477
12:46
It's a much bigger problem
in the Middle East
258
754541
2315
12:48
than it is in Europe.
259
756880
1576
12:50
These are factors of large magnitude.
260
758480
2136
12:52
We just accepted 10,000 Syrian refugees,
and we're complaining bitterly about it.
261
760640
4976
12:57
You know why?
Because they can't swim here.
262
765640
2816
13:00
Right? I mean, the Turks would love
to have only 10,000 Syrian refugees.
263
768480
4696
13:05
The Jordanians,
the Germans, the Brits. Right?
264
773200
3296
13:08
That's not the situation.
265
776520
1256
13:09
That's the reality of the United States.
266
777800
3176
13:13
Now, that sounds pretty good.
267
781000
2560
13:16
Here's the challenge.
268
784440
2136
13:18
In a G-Zero world, the way you lead
269
786600
3080
13:22
is by example.
270
790640
1576
13:24
If we know we don't want to be
the global cop anymore,
271
792240
3016
13:27
if we know we're not going to be
the architect of global trade,
272
795280
2953
13:30
we're not going to be
the cheerleader of global values,
273
798257
2599
13:32
we're not going to do it
the way we used to,
274
800880
2096
13:35
the 21st century is changing,
275
803000
1381
13:36
we need to lead by example --
be so compelling
276
804405
2851
13:39
that all these other people
are going to still say,
277
807280
2416
13:41
it's not just they're faster campers.
278
809720
1816
13:43
Even when the bear is not chasing us,
this is a good place to be.
279
811560
3096
13:46
We want to emulate them.
280
814680
1360
13:48
The election process this year
is not proving a good option
281
816880
4440
13:54
for leading by example.
282
822040
1680
13:56
Hillary Clinton says
it's going to be like the '90s.
283
824640
2456
13:59
We can still be
that cheerleader on values.
284
827120
2936
14:02
We can still be
the architect of global trade.
285
830080
2496
14:04
We can still be the global sheriff.
286
832600
1696
14:06
And Donald Trump wants
to bring us back to the '30s.
287
834320
3080
14:10
He's saying, "Our way or the highway.
You don't like it, lump it." Right?
288
838560
3936
14:14
Neither are recognizing
a fundamental truth of the G-Zero,
289
842520
3856
14:18
which is that even though
the US is not in decline,
290
846400
3776
14:22
it is getting objectively harder
291
850200
2536
14:24
for the Americans to impose their will,
292
852760
3176
14:27
even have great influence,
293
855960
1696
14:29
on the global order.
294
857680
2000
14:32
Are we prepared to truly lead by example?
295
860280
3896
14:36
What would we have to do to fix this
296
864200
3056
14:39
after November,
297
867280
1216
14:40
after the next president comes in?
298
868520
2176
14:42
Well, either we have to have
another crisis that forces us to respond.
299
870720
4656
14:47
A depression would do that.
300
875400
1656
14:49
Another global financial
crisis could do this.
301
877080
2176
14:51
God forbid, another 9/11 could do that.
302
879280
2016
14:53
Or, absent crisis,
303
881320
2456
14:55
we need to see that the hollowing out,
the inequality, the challenges
304
883800
6136
15:01
that are growing and growing
in the United States,
305
889960
2376
15:04
are themselves urgent enough
306
892360
2176
15:06
to force our leaders to change,
307
894560
2336
15:08
and that we have those voices.
308
896920
2456
15:11
Through our cell phones, individually,
309
899400
1896
15:13
we have those voices
to compel them to change.
310
901320
3080
15:17
There is, of course, a third choice,
311
905480
1720
15:20
perhaps the most likely one,
312
908200
1976
15:22
which is that we do
neither of those things,
313
910200
2696
15:24
and in four years time you invite me back,
314
912920
2576
15:27
and I will give this speech yet again.
315
915520
2200
15:30
Thank you very, very much.
316
918320
1856
15:32
(Applause)
317
920200
3885

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ian Bremmer - Political theorist
Ian Bremmer is the president and founder of Eurasia Group, a political risk research and consulting firm.

Why you should listen

Dubbed a "rising guru" in the field of political risk by The Economist, Ian Bremmer teaches classes on the discipline as global research professor at New York University and is a foreign affairs columnist and editor at large for Time magazine. His latest book, Superpower: Three Choices for America’s Role in the World, was published in May 2015.

Bremmer is credited with bringing the craft of political risk to financial markets. He created Wall Street's first global political risk index (GPRI), and he established political risk as an academic discipline. His definition of emerging markets -- "those countries where politics matter at least as much as economics for market outcomes" -- has become an industry standard. "G-Zero," his term for a global power vacuum in which no country is willing and able to set the international agenda, is widely accepted by policymakers and thought leaders.

Bremmer has published nine books including the national bestsellers Every Nation for Itself: Winners and Losers in a G-Zero World and The End of the Free Market: Who Wins the War Between States and Corporations? He is a regular columnist for the Financial Times and has written hundreds of articles for many leading publications. He appears regularly on CNBC, Fox, Bloomberg, CNN, the BBC and other networks.

Bremmer earned a PhD in political science from Stanford University in 1994 and was the youngest-ever national fellow at the Hoover Institution. In 2007, Bremmer was named a Young Global Leader of the World Economic Forum, where he is the founding chairman of the Global Agenda Council on Geopolitical Risk. He is the Harold J. Newman Distinguished Fellow in Geopolitics at the Asia Society Policy Institute and serves on the President's Council of the Near East Foundation, the Leadership Council for Concordia and the Board of Trustees of Intelligence Squared.

Bremmer grew up in Boston and currently lives in New York and Washington.

More profile about the speaker
Ian Bremmer | Speaker | TED.com

Data provided by TED.

This site was created in May 2015 and the last update was on January 12, 2020. It will no longer be updated.

We are currently creating a new site called "eng.lish.video" and would be grateful if you could access it.

If you have any questions or suggestions, please feel free to write comments in your language on the contact form.

Privacy Policy

Developer's Blog

Buy Me A Coffee