TEDxBoulder 2011
Phil Plait: How to defend Earth from asteroids
Phil Plait: Kuidas kaitsta Maad asteroidide eest
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Mis on kuus miili lai ja suudab teha hetkega tsivilisatsioonile lõpu? Asteroid - ja neid leidub universumis palju. Huumori ja suurepäraste näidetega kütkestab Phil Plait TEDxBoulder -i publikut kõigi viisidega, millega asteroid võib tappa ja mida me peame tegema, et neid vältida.
Phil Plait - Astronomer
Phil Plait blogs at Bad Astronomy, where he deconstructs misconceptions and explores the wonder of the universe. Full bio
Phil Plait blogs at Bad Astronomy, where he deconstructs misconceptions and explores the wonder of the universe. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I want to talk to you about something
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Ma tahan teiega rääkida
00:18
kind of big.
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ühest üsna suurest asjast.
00:21
We'll start here.
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Alustame siit.
00:24
65 million years ago
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65 millionit aastat tagasi
00:27
the dinosaurs had a bad day.
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oli dinosaurustel halb päev.
00:30
(Laughter)
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(naer)
00:33
A chunk of rock six miles across,
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Kivikamakas, mis oli kuus miili lai,
00:36
moving something like 50 times
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liikudes umbes 50 korda kiiremini
00:38
the speed of a rifle bullet,
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vintpüssi kuulist,
00:40
slammed into the Earth.
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prantsatas vastu Maad.
00:42
It released its energy all at once,
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See vallandas kogu oma energia ainsa hetkega,
00:44
and it was an explosion that was
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ning see plahvatus oli
00:46
mind-numbing.
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meelinüristav
00:48
If you took every nuclear weapon ever built
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Kui sa võtaksid kõik tuumarelvad, mis iial ehitatud
00:50
at the height of the Cold War,
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Külma Sõja ajal,
00:52
lumped them together and blew them up
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kuhjaksid need kokku ja laseks õhku
00:54
at the same time,
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samal ajal,
00:56
that would be one one-millionth
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siis võrduks see ühe miljondikuga
00:58
of the energy released at that moment.
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energiast, mis vallandus sellel hetkel.
01:02
The dinosaurs had a really bad day.
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Dinosaurustel oli tõesti halb päev.
01:05
Okay?
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Arusaadav?
01:07
Now, a six-mile-wide rock is very large.
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Niisiis, kuus miili lai kivi on väga suur.
01:09
We all live here in Boulder.
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Me kõik elame siin Boulder -is
01:11
If you look out your window and you can see
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Kui sa vaatad oma aknast välja ja näed
01:13
Long's Peak, you're probably familiar with it.
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Long's Peak -i, oled sa sellega arvatavasti tuttav.
01:15
Now, scoop up Long's Peak, and put it out
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Nüüd, kühvelda kokku Long's Peak, ja aseta see
01:17
in space.
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kosmosesse
01:19
Take Meeker, Mt. Meeker. Lump that in there,
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Võta Meeker, Mt. Meeker. Kühvelda kokku see,
01:21
and put that in space as well,
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ja aseta see ka kosmosesse,
01:23
and Mt. Everest, and K2,
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ja Mt. Everest ja K2,
01:25
and the Indian peaks.
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ja Indiaani mäeharjad.
01:27
Then you're starting to get an idea of
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Siis hakkad sa aru saama,
01:29
how much rock we're talking about, okay?
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kui suurest kivist me räägime, selge?
01:31
We know it was that big because of
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Me teame, et see oli nii suur
01:33
the impact it had and the crater it left.
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kokkupõrke tõttu, mis toimus ja tekitas kraatri.
01:35
It hit in what we now know as Yucatan,
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See tabas kohta, mida me nüüd tunneme Yucatan -ina,
01:37
the Gulf of Mexico.
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Mehhiko lahena.
01:39
You can see here, there's the
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Sa võid siit näha, siin on
01:41
Yucatan Peninsula, if you recognize Cozumel
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Yucatan Peninsula, kui sa tunned ära Cozumel -i
01:43
off the east coast there.
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idarannikul.
01:45
Here is how big of a crater was left.
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Tekkis nii suur kraater.
01:48
It was huge. To give you a sense of the scale,
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See oli üüratu. Et anda teile suurustaju,
01:50
okay, there you go. The scale here is
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hea küll, siin see on. Suurus on
01:52
50 miles on top, a hundred kilometers
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50 miili ülevalt, sada kilomeetrit
01:54
on the bottom. This thing was
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alt. See asi oli
01:56
300 kilometers across -- 200 miles --
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300 kilomeetrit lai - 200 miili -
01:58
an enormous crater that excavated out
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tohutu suur kraater, mis rebis lahti
02:00
vast amounts of earth that splashed around
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suure koguse maapinnast, mis lendas üle
02:03
the globe and set fires all over the planet,
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maakera ja tekitas tulekahjusid üle terve planeedi,
02:06
threw up enough dust to block out the sun.
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ning keerutas üles piisavalt tolmu, et blokeerida päike.
02:09
It wiped out 75 percent of all species
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See pühkis minema 75 protsenti kõigist liikidest
02:11
on Earth.
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Maal
02:13
Now, not all asteroids are that big.
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Kuigi, kõik asteroidid ei ole nii suured.
02:16
Some of them are smaller.
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Mõned neist on väiksemad.
02:18
Here is one that came in
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See siin lendas
02:21
over the United States
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üle Ameerika Ühendriikide
02:23
in October of 1992.
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oktoobris 1992.
02:25
It came in on a Friday night.
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See tuli reede õhtul.
02:27
Why is that important?
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Miks on see tähtis?
02:29
Because back then, video cameras were
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Sest siis hakkasid videokaamerad
02:31
just starting to become popular, and people
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muutuma populaarseks ja inimesed
02:33
would bring them, parents would bring them,
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kandsid neid kaasas, vanemad võtsid neid kaasa
02:35
to their kids' football games to film their kids
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oma laste jalgpallimängudele, et oma lapsi filmida
02:37
play football. And since this came in on a Friday,
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jalgpalli mängimas. Ja kuna see tuli reedel,
02:40
they were able to get this great footage
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olid nad võimelised jäädvustama selle suurepärase salvestise
02:42
of this thing breaking up as it came in
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asteroidist harunemas, kui see tuli
02:44
over West Virgina, Maryland, Pennsylvania
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üle Lääne-Virginia, Maryland -i, Pennsylvania.
02:46
and New Jersey until it did that
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ja New Jersey kuni see tegi seda
02:48
to a car in New York.
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autole New York -is.
02:50
(Laughter)
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(naer)
02:52
Now, this is not a 200-mile-wide crater,
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Niisiid, see ei ole 200 miili laiune kraater,
02:55
but then again you can see the rock
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kuid siiski võid sa näha kivi,
02:57
which is sitting right here,
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mis istub seal samas,
02:59
about the size of a football, that hit
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umbes jalgpalli suurune, mis lendas vastu
03:01
that car and did that damage.
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seda autot ja tegi selle kahjustuse.
03:03
Now this thing was probably about the size
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See oli arvatavasti umbes
03:05
of a school bus when it first came in.
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koolibussi suurune, kui see atmosfääri ilmus.
03:07
It broke up through atmospheric pressure,
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See lagunes rõhu tõttu,
03:09
it crumbled, and then the pieces fell apart
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mõranes ja seejärel langes tükkideks
03:11
and did some damage.
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ja tegi natuke kahju.
03:13
Now, you wouldn't want that falling on your foot
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Sa ei tahaks, et see sulle jala peale kukuks
03:15
or your head, because it would do that to it.
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või pähe, sest see teeks seda.
03:17
That would be bad.
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See oleks halb.
03:19
But it won't wipe out, you know, all life
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Kuid ei pühiks minema kogu elu
03:21
on Earth, so that's fine. But it turns out,
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Maal, seega sellega on korras. Kuid tuleb välja,
03:23
you don't need something six miles across
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et ei ole vaja midagi kuus miili laia,
03:26
to do a lot of damage.
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et teha palju kahju.
03:28
There is a median point between tiny rock
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On midagi vahepealset väikese kivi
03:30
and gigantic rock, and in fact, if any of you
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ja suure rahnu vahel, õigupoolest, kui keegi teist
03:32
have ever been to near Winslow, Arizona,
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on kunagi olnud Winslow lähedal, Arizonas,
03:35
there is a crater in the desert there that is
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siis seal kõrbes on kraater, mis on
03:38
so iconic that it is actually called Meteor Crater.
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nii ikooniline, et seda lausa kutsutakse meteoriidikraatriks
03:42
To give you a sense of scale, this is about a mile wide.
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Et anda teile suurustaju, see on umbes miili laiune.
03:45
If you look up at the top, that's a parking lot,
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Kui te vaatate ülevalt, siis see on parkimisplats,
03:48
and those are recreational vehicles right there.
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siis need on meelelahutusmasinad seal.
03:51
So it's about a mile across, 600 feet deep.
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Niisiis, see on umbes miili laiune, 600 jalga sügav.
03:54
The object that formed this was probably about
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Objekt, mis selle tegi oli arvatavasti umbes
03:57
30 to 50 yards across, so roughly the size
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30 kuni 50 jardi laiune, seega umbes sama suur,
04:00
of Mackey Auditorium here.
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kui see Mackey Auditoorium.
04:03
It came in at speeds that were tremendous,
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See tuli tohututel kiirustel,
04:06
slammed into the ground, blew up,
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prantsatas vastu maad, lendas õhku,
04:08
and exploded with the energy of roughly
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ja plahvatas umbes
04:10
a 20-megaton nuclear bomb --
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20-megatonnise tuumapommi energiaga
04:12
a very hefty bomb.
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väga tugeva pommi energiaga.
04:14
This was 50,000 years ago, so it may have
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See oli 50000 aastat tagasi, seega see võis
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wiped out a few buffalo or antelope,
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teelt pühkida paar pühvlit või antiloopi,
04:18
or something like that out in the desert,
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või midagi sellist kõrbes,
04:21
but it probably would not have caused
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kuid see ei oleks tõenäoliselt põhjustanud
04:23
global devastation.
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globaalset laastatust.
04:25
It turns out that these things don't have to
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Tuleb välja, et need asjad ei pea
04:27
hit the ground to do a lot of damage.
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maha langema, et teha palju kahju.
04:30
Now, in 1908, over Siberia, near the
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Nüüd, 1808. aasta, üle Siberi,
04:32
Tunguska region -- for those of you who are
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Tunguska lähistel-neile, kes teist on
04:34
Dan Aykroyd fans and saw "Ghostbusters,"
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Dan Aykroyd -i fännind ja on näinud ''Tondipüüdjaid,''
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when he talked about the greatest cross-dimensional rift
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kui ta rääkis suurimast dimensioonidevahelisest mõrast
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since the Siberia blast of 1909, where he got
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Siberi 1909. aasta plahvatusest saadik, kus ta pani mööda
04:42
the date wrong, but that's okay. (Laughter)
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kuupäevaga, kuid pole hullu. (naer)
04:44
It was 1908. That's fine. I can live with that.
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See oli 1908. aasta. Pole hullu. See ei sega mind.
04:47
(Laughter)
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(naer)
04:50
Another rock came into the Earth's atmosphere
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Veel üks kivi sisenes Maa atmosfääri
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and this one blew up above the ground, several
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ja see lõhkes õhus, mõni
04:55
miles up above the surface of the Earth.
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miil maapinnast kõrgemal.
04:58
The heat from the explosion set fire to the
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Plahvatuse kuumus pani põlema
05:01
forest below it, and then the shock wave
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metsa selle all ja lööklaine
05:04
came down and knocked down trees for
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murdis puud maha
05:06
hundreds of square miles, okay?
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sadade ruutmiilide ulatuses, selge?
05:09
This did a huge amount of damage.
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See tekitas higlaslikku kahju.
05:11
And again, this was a rock probably roughly
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Ja veelkord, see kivi oli umbes
05:13
the size of this auditorium that we're sitting in.
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auditooriumi suurune, milles me praegu istume.
05:15
In Meteor Crater it was made of metal,
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Meteoriidikraatri asteroid koosnes metallis,
05:17
and metal is much tougher, so it made it
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ning metall on palju tugevam, seega see jõudis
05:19
to the ground.
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maapinnani.
05:21
The one over Tunguska was probably made
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Asteroid Tunguska kohal koosnes arvatavasti
05:23
of rock, and that's much more crumbly, so it
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kivist, ning see on palju rabedam, seega see
05:25
blew up in the air. Either way, these are
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plahvatas õhus. Mõlemal juhul, need on
05:27
tremendous explosions, 20 megatons.
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üüratud plahvatused, 20 megatonni.
05:30
Now, when these things blow up, they're not
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Niisiis, kui need asjad õhku lendavad, ei põhjusta nad
05:32
going to do global ecological damage.
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ülemaailmset ökoloogilist kahju.
05:35
They're not going to do something like
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Nad ei tee midagi sellist,
05:37
the dinosaur-killer did.
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nagu dinosauruse-tapja tegi.
05:39
They're just not big enough.
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Nad ei ole lihtsalt piisavalt suured.
05:41
But they will do global economic damage,
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Kuid nad tekitavad ülemaailmset majanduslikku kahju,
05:43
because they don't have to hit, necessarily,
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sest nad ei pea tabama, tingimata,
05:45
to do this kind of damage.
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et teha sellist kahju.
05:47
They don't have to do global devastation.
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Nad ei pea tekitama ülemaailmset laastatust.
05:49
If one of these things were to hit
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Kui üks neist tabaks
05:51
pretty much anywhere, it would cause a panic.
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ükskõik mida, siis see põhjustaks paanikat.
05:53
But if it came over a city, an important city --
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Aga kui see tabaks linna, tähtsat linna-
05:55
not that any city is more important than others,
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mitte, et üks linn oleks teistest tähtsam,
05:57
but some of them we depend on them more
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aga mõnedest me lihtsalt sõltume rohkem
05:59
on the global economic basis -- that could do
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ülemaailmse majanduse suhtes - võiks see tekitada
06:02
a huge amount of damage to us
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tohutult kahju meile
06:05
as a civilization.
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kui tsivilisatsioonile.
06:07
So, now that I've scared the crap out of you ...
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Niisiis, nüüd kui ma olen teid surnuks ehmatanud...
06:10
(Laughter)
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(naer)
06:12
what can we do about this? All right?
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mida me saame selle vastu teha?
06:14
This is a potential threat.
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See on potensiaalne oht.
06:16
Let me note that we have not had
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Laske mul märkida, et meil ei ole olnud
06:18
a giant impact like the dinosaur-killer
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hiiglaslikku kokkupõrget, nagu oli dinosauruse-tapja
06:20
for 65 million years. They're very rare.
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65 millionit aastat. Nad on väga haruldased.
06:23
The smaller ones happen more often, but
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Väiksemad juhtuvad tihedamini,
06:26
probably on the order of a millennium,
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võibolla kord millenniumis,
06:28
every few centuries or every few thousand
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iga paari sajandi järel või iga paari tuhande aasta
06:30
years, but it's still something to be aware of.
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järel, kuid siiski tasub selle eest valvel olla.
06:33
Well, what do we do about them?
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Niisiis, mida me nende vastu teeme?
06:35
The first thing we have to do is find them.
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Esimene asi, mida me tegema peame, on nad leida.
06:37
This is an image of an asteroid that passed
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See on pilt asteroidist, mis möödus
06:39
us in 2009.
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meist 2009. aastal
06:41
It's right here.
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See on täpselt siin.
06:43
But you can see that it's extremely faint.
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Kuid võite näha, et see on tohutult ähmane.
06:45
I don't even know if you can see that
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Ma isegi ei tea, kas te näete seda
06:47
in the back row. These are just stars.
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tagumises reas. Need on lihtsalt tähed.
06:49
This is a rock that was about 30 yards across,
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See on kivikamakas, mis oli umbes 30 jardi lai,
06:51
so roughly the size of the ones that blew up
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seega umbes nende suurune, mis lendasid õhku
06:53
over Tunguska and hit Arizona 50,000 years ago.
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Tunguska kohal ja tabasid Arizonat 50 000 aastat tagasi.
06:56
These things are faint.
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Need asjad on ähmased
06:58
They're hard to see, and the sky is really big.
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Neid on raske näha ja taevas on tõesti suur.
07:00
We have to find these things first.
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Me peame need asjad kõigepealt leidma.
07:02
Well the good news is, we're looking for them.
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Noh, hea uudis on see, et me otsime neid.
07:04
NASA has devoted money to this.
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NASA on sellesse raha panustanud.
07:06
The National Science Foundation, other
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Riiklik Teaduse Sihtasutus, teised
07:08
countries are very interested in doing this.
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riigid on sellest väga huvitatud.
07:10
We're building telescopes that are looking
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Me ehitame teleskoope, mis otsivad
07:12
for the threat. That's a great first step,
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ohtu. See on suurepärane esimene samm,
07:14
but what's the second step? The second step
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kuid mis on teine samm? Teine samm
07:16
is that we see one heading toward us,
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on see, et kui me näeme ühte meie poole suundumas,
07:18
we have to stop it. What do we do?
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peame me selle peatama. Mida me teeme?
07:20
You've probably heard about the asteroid
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Te olete arvatavasti kuulnud asteroidist
07:22
Apophis. If you haven't yet, you will.
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Apophis. Kui te veel ei ole, siis kuulete.
07:25
If you've heard about the Mayan 2012
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Kui te olete kuulnud maiade 2012. aasta
07:27
apocalypse, you're going to hear about Apophis,
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apokalüpsisest, siis kuulete te Apophisest,
07:29
because you're keyed in to all the doomsday
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sest te olete kaasatud kõikidesse viimsepäeva
07:31
networks anyway.
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võrgustikesse niikuinii.
07:34
Apophis is an asteroid that was discovered in 2004.
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Apophis on asteroid, mis avastati 2004. aastal.
07:37
It's roughly 250 yards across, so it's
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See on umbes 250 jardi lai, seega see on
07:40
pretty big -- big size, you know,
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üsna suur - teate,
07:42
bigger than a football stadium -- and it's going to
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suurem, kui jalgpallistaadion , ja see
07:44
pass by the Earth in April of 2029.
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möödub Maast 2029. aasta aprillis.
07:47
And it's going to pass us so close that it's
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Ja see möödub nii lähedalt, et
07:49
actually going to come underneath
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läheb meie ilmasatelliitide
07:51
our weather satellites.
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alt läbi.
07:53
The Earth's gravity is going to bend the orbit
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Maa külgetõmbejõud painutab selle asja
07:55
of this thing so much that if it's just right,
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orbiiti nii palju, et kui see on täpselt paigas,
07:58
if it passes through this region of space,
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kui see läbib selle kosmose ala,
08:01
this kidney bean-shaped region called
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selle aedoa -kujulise ala, mida kutsutakse
08:03
the keyhole, the Earth's gravity will bend it
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lukuauguks, siis Maa külgetõmbejõud painutab seda
08:05
just enough that seven years later
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täpselt nii palju, et seitse aastat hiljem
08:07
on April 13, which is a Friday, I'll note,
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13. aprillil, mis on reede, ma rõhutan,
08:09
in the year 2036 ... (Laughter)
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aastal 2036 ... (naer)
08:12
-- you can't plan that kind of stuff --
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- selliseid asju ei saa planeerida -
08:15
Apophis is going to hit us. And it's
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Apophis tabab meid. Ja see on
08:17
250 meters across, so it would do
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250 meetrit lai, seega see teeks
08:19
unbelievable damage.
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uskumatut kahju.
08:21
Now the good news is that the odds of it
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Hea uudis on see, et võimalus
08:23
actually passing through this keyhole and
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tegelikult läbida see lukuauk ja
08:25
hitting us next go-around are one in a million,
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meid tabada järgmisel ringil on üks miljonile,
08:27
roughly -- very, very low odds, so I personally
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umbes - väga, väga väike võimalus, seega mina isiklikult
08:29
am not lying awake at night worrying about this at all.
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ei lama õhtuti ärkvel muretsedes selle pärast.
08:31
I don't think Apophis is a problem.
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Ma ei arva, et Apophis on probleem.
08:33
In fact, Apophis is a blessing in disguise,
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Tegelikult, on Apophis õnnistus,
08:35
because it woke us up to the dangers
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sest see äratas meid nende ohtude
08:37
of these things.
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suhtes üles.
08:39
This thing was discovered just a few years
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See avastati vaid mõned aastad
08:41
ago and could hit us a few years from now.
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tagasi ja oleks võinud paari aasta pärast meid tabada.
08:43
It won't, but it gives us a chance to study
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See ei taba, kuid annab meile võimaluse uurida
08:45
these kinds of asteroids. We didn't really
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seda sorti asteroide. Tegelikult me ei
08:47
necessarily understand these keyholes, and
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mõistnud neid lukuauke, kuid
08:49
now we do and it turns out
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nüüd me mõistame ja tuleb välja,
08:51
that's really important, because how do you
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et see on väga oluline, sest kuidas sa
08:53
stop an asteroid like this?
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peatad niisugust asteroidi?
08:55
Well, let me ask you, what happens if you're
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Las ma küsin teilt, mis juhtuks, kui te
08:57
standing in the middle of the road and a car's
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seisate sõidutee keskel ja auto
08:59
headed for you? What do you do? You do this.
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suundub teie poole? Mida te teete? Te teete nii.
09:01
Right? Move. The car goes past you.
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Õigus? Liigute. Auto läheb teist mööda.
09:03
But we can't move the Earth, at least
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Kuid me ei saa liigutada Maad, vähemalt mitte
09:05
not easily, but we can move a small asteroid.
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väikse vaevaga, kuid me saame liigutada väikest asteroidi.
09:07
And it turns out, we've even done it.
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Ja tuleb välja, et me oleme seda isegi teinud.
09:09
In the year 2005, NASA launched a probe
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2005. aastal lennutas NASA sondi,
09:12
called Deep Impact, which slammed into --
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mille nimi oli Sügav Kokkupõrge, mis põrutas-
09:15
slammed a piece of itself into the nucleus of a comet.
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põrutas tüki endast komeedi tuuma.
09:18
Comets are very much like asteroids.
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Komeedid on asteroididele sarnased.
09:20
The purpose wasn't to push it out of the way.
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Eesmärk ei olnud seda teelt kõrvale lükata.
09:22
The purpose was to make a crater to excavate
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Eesmärk oli tekitada kraater, et kaevandada
09:24
the material and see what was underneath
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materjali ja näha mis oli komeedi
09:26
the surface of this comet, which we learned
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pinnase all, millest me õppisime
09:28
quite a bit about.
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üsna palju.
09:30
We did move the comet a little tiny bit,
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Me liigutasime komeeti õige natukene,
09:32
not very much, but that wasn't the point.
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mitte väga palju, kuid see polnud asja mõte.
09:34
However, think about this.
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Kuid siiski, mõelge selle peale.
09:36
This thing is orbiting the sun at
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See asi tiirleb ümber päikese kiirusel
09:38
10 miles per second, 20 miles per second.
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10 miili sekundis, 20 miili sekundis.
09:40
We shot a space probe at it and hit it. Okay?
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Me tulistasime sondi selle pihta ja tabasime. Olgu?
09:42
Imagine how hard that must be, and we did it.
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Kujutage ette, kui raske see pidi olema, ning me tegime seda.
09:45
That means we can do it again.
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See tähendab seda, et me suudame seda uuesti teha.
09:48
If we need, if we see an asteroid that's coming
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Kui me peame, kui me näeme asteroidi, mis tuleb
09:50
toward us, and it's headed right for us,
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meie poole, ja see on suunatud otse meile,
09:52
and we have two years to go, boom! We hit it.
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ja meil on kaks aastat aega, põmaki! Me tabame seda.
09:55
You can try to -- you know, if you watch
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Teate, kui te olete vaadanud
09:57
the movies, you might think about,
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filme, siis võite mõelda, et
09:59
why don't we use a nuclear weapon?
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miks me ei kasuta tuumarelva?
10:01
It's like, well, you can try that, but the problem is timing.
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Noh, sa võid seda üritada, kui ajastus on probleem.
10:03
You shoot a nuclear weapon at this thing,
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Sa tulistad selle asja pihta tuumarelva,
10:05
you have to blow it up within a few milliseconds
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sa pead selle õhku laskma mõne millisekundi
10:07
of tolerance or else you'll just miss it.
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täpsusega, või muidu sa lihtsalt lased mööda.
10:09
And there are a lot of other problems
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Ja seal on palju teisi probleeme
10:11
with that. It's very hard to do.
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Seda on väga raske teha.
10:13
But just hitting something? That's pretty easy.
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Kuid lihtsalt millegile pihta saamine? See on üsna lihtne.
10:15
I think even NASA can do that,
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Ma arvan, et isegi NASA suudaks seda teha,
10:17
and they proved that they can. (Laughter)
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ja nad tõestasid et nad saavad. (naer)
10:19
The problem is, what happens if you hit
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Probleem on selles, et mis juhtub, kui sa tabad
10:21
this asteroid, you've changed the orbit,
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asteroidi, sa oled muutnud orbiiti,
10:23
you measure the orbit and then you find out,
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sa mõõdad orbiidi ära ja siis leiad,
10:25
oh, yeah, we just pushed it into a keyhole,
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et me oleme selle just lükanud lukuauku,
10:27
and now it's going to hit us in three years.
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ja nüüd see tabab meid kolme aasta pärast.
10:29
Well, my opinion is, fine. Okay?
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Noh, minu arvamus on, hästi.
10:31
It's not hitting us in six months. That's good.
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See ei taba meid kuue kuu pärast. See on hea.
10:33
Now we have three years to do something else.
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Nüüd on meil kolm aastat teha midagi muud.
10:36
And you can hit it again. That's kind of
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Ja sa võid seda uuesti tabada. See on natuke
10:38
ham-fisted. You might just push it into a third
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lohakas. Sa võid selle lükata kolmandasse
10:40
keyhole or whatever, so you don't do that.
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lukuauku või midaiganes, seega sa ei tee seda.
10:42
And this is the part, it's the part I just love.
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Ja see osa, seda osa ma lihtsalt armastan.
10:46
(Laughter)
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(naer)
10:48
After the big macho "Rrrrrrr BAM! We're
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Pärast suurt latakat, kui me oleme
10:50
gonna hit this thing in the face,"
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seda asja näkku tabanud,
10:52
then we bring in the velvet gloves.
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toome me mängu velvetist kindad
10:55
(Laughter)
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(naer)
10:58
There's a group of scientists and engineers
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On grupp teadlasi ja insenere
11:00
and astronauts and they call themselves
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ja astronaute, ning nad kutsuvad ennast
11:02
The B612 Foundation. For those of you
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B612 ühenduseks. Need, kes teist
11:04
who've read "The Little Prince,"
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on lugenud ''Väikest Printsi,''
11:06
you understand that reference, I hope. The little prince
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saavad aru selle tähendusest, ma loodan. Väike Prints,
11:08
who lived on an asteroid, it was called B612.
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elas asteroidil, mille nimi oli B612.
11:10
These are smart guys -- men and women --
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Need on targad tüübid - mehed ja naised -
11:12
astronauts, like I said, engineers.
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astronaudid, nagu ma ütlesin, insenerid.
11:14
Rusty Schweickart, who was an Apollo 9
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Rusty Schweickart, kes oli Apollo 9
11:16
astronaut, is on this. Dan Durda, my friend
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astronaut, on seal. Dan Durda, mu sõber,
11:18
who made this image, works here at
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kes tegi selle pildi, töötab siin
11:20
Southwest Research Institute in Boulder,
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Soutwest Research Instituudis Boulderis,
11:22
on Walnut Street. He created this image for this,
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Walnut -i tänaval. Tema lõi selle pildi,
11:24
and he's actually one of the astronomers
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ning ta on tegelikult üks astronoome,
11:26
who works for them. If we see an asteroid
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kes töötab nende heaks. Kui me näeme asteroidi,
11:28
that's going to hit the Earth and we have
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mis tabab Maad ja meil on
11:30
enough time, we can hit it to move it into
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piisavalt aega, siis saame me seda tabada, et liigutada see
11:33
a better orbit. But then what we do is we launch
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paremale orbiidile. Ning siis läkitame me
11:36
a probe that has to weigh a ton or two.
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sondi, mis peab kaaluma paar tonni.
11:38
It doesn't have to be huge -- couple of tons,
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See ei pea olema hiiglaslik - mõned tonnid,
11:41
not that big -- and you park it near the asteroid.
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mitte väga suur - ja sa pargid selle asteroidi lähedale.
11:44
You don't land on it, because these things are
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Sa ei maandu sellele, sest need asjad
11:46
tumbling end over end. It's very hard to land on them.
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trummeldavad ringi. Neile on väga raske maanduda.
11:48
Instead you get near it.
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Selle asemel lähed sa selle lähedale.
11:50
The gravity of the asteroid pulls on the probe,
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Asteroidi gravitatsioon tõmbab sondi enda poole,
11:52
and the probe has a couple of tons of mass.
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ning sondi mass on paar tonni.
11:55
It has a little tiny bit of gravity, but it's enough
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Sellel on natukene külgetõmbejõudu, kuid see on piisav,
11:57
that it can pull the asteroid, and you have your
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et tõmmata enda poole asteroidi, ning sul on
11:59
rockets set up, so you can -- oh, you can barely
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raketid üles seatud, te võite vaevalt
12:01
see it here, but there's rocket plumes -- and you
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näha seda siin, kuid seal on raketid - ja
12:03
basically, these guys are connected by their
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põhimõtteliselt, need kutid on seotud oma
12:05
own gravity, and if you move the probe very
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gravitatsiooni poolt, ning kui sa liigutad sondi väga
12:08
slowly, very, very gently, you can very easily
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aeglaselt, väga, väga õrnalt, saad sa kerge vaevaga
12:12
finesse that rock into a safe orbit.
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kavaldada selle kivi turvalisele orbiidile.
12:15
You can even put in orbit around the Earth
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Sa saad isegi panna selle orbiidile ümber Maa,
12:17
where we could mine it, although that's a
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kus me saaksime seda kaevandada, kuigi see on
12:19
whole other thing. I won't go into that.
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hoopis teine asi. Ma ei hakka sellese süvenema.
12:21
(Laughter)
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(naer)
12:23
But we'd be rich!
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Kuid me oleksime rikkad!
12:25
(Laughter)
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(naer)
12:30
So think about this, right?
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Niisis mõelge sellele,
12:32
There are these giant rocks flying out there,
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neid hiiglaslikke kive lendleb ringi,
12:34
and they're hitting us, and they're doing
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ja nad tabavad meid, ja nad teevad
12:36
damage to us, but we've figured out how to do
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meile kahju, kuid me oleme välja mõelnud, kuidas seda
12:38
this, and all the pieces are in place to do this.
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teha, ning kõik tükid selle tegemiseks on paigas.
12:41
We have astronomers in place with telescopes
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Meil on paigas astronoomid teleskoopidega
12:43
looking for them. We have smart people,
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neid otsimas. Meil on targad inimesed,
12:45
very, very smart people, who are concerned
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väga, väga targad inimesed, kes on mures
12:47
about this and figuring out how to fix the
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selle pärast ja nuputamas välja, kuidas seda probleemi
12:49
problem, and we have the technology to do this.
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lahendada, ning meil on selle tegemiseks tehnoloogia.
12:52
This probe actually can't use chemical rockets.
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See sond ei saa tegelikult kasutada keemilisi rakette.
12:54
Chemical rockets provide too much thrust, too
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Keemilised raketid tekitavad liiga palju tõukejõudu, liiga
12:56
much push. The probe would just shoot away.
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palju lüket. Sond lendaks lihtsalt ära.
12:58
We invented something called an ion drive,
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Me leiutasime midagi ioonajami nimelist,
13:00
which is a very, very, very low-thrust engine.
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mis on väga, väga, väga madala tõukega mootor.
13:03
It generates the force a piece of paper would
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See toodab jõu, mis paberilehel oleks
13:05
have on your hand, incredibly light,
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sinu käes, uskumatult vähe,
13:07
but it can run for months and years,
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kuid see suudab kulgeda kuid ja aastaid,
13:10
providing that very gentle push.
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pakkudes seda väga õrna tõuget.
13:13
If anybody here is a fan of the original "Star Trek,"
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Kui keegi siit on algupärase ''Star Treki'' fänn,
13:15
they ran across an alien ship that had
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siis nad jooksid üle tulnukalaeva, millel oli
13:17
an ion drive, and Spock said,
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ioonajam, ning Spock lausus:
13:19
"They're very technically sophisticated.
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''Nad on tehniliselt väga kõrgetasemelised.
13:21
They're a hundred years ahead of us with this drive."
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Nad on sadu aastaid meist ees selle ajamiga.''
13:23
Yeah, we have an ion drive now. (Laughter)
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Jah, meil on see ioonajam nüüd. (naer)
13:25
We don't have the Enterprise, but
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Meil ei ole Enterprise -i, kuid
13:27
we've got an ion drive now.
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meil on nüüd ioonajam.
13:29
(Applause)
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(applaus)
13:32
Spock.
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Spock.
13:34
(Laughter)
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(naer)
13:37
So ...
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Niisiis ...
13:39
that's the difference, that's the difference
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see ongi vahe, see ongi vahe
13:41
between us and the dinosaurs.
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meie ja dinosauruste vahel.
13:43
This happened to them.
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Nendega juhtus see.
13:45
It doesn't have to happen to us.
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See ei pea meiega juhtuma.
13:47
The difference between the dinosaurs and us
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Meie ja dinosauruste vahe on see,
13:50
is that we have a space program
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et meil on kosmoseprogramm
13:52
and we can vote,
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ja me saame hääletada,
13:54
and so we can change our future.
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seega me saame muuta oma tulevikku.
13:57
(Laughter)
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(naer)
13:58
We have the ability to change our future.
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Meil on võime muuta oma tulevikku.
14:01
65 million years from now,
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65 millioni aasta pärast
14:03
we don't have to have our bones
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ei kogu meie luud
14:05
collecting dust in a museum.
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muuseumis tolmu.
14:07
Thank you very much.
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Suur aitäh.
14:09
(Applause)
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(Applaus)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Phil Plait - AstronomerPhil Plait blogs at Bad Astronomy, where he deconstructs misconceptions and explores the wonder of the universe.
Why you should listen
Phil Plait is the Bad Astronomer. Not a bad astronomer, but a blogger for Slate who debunks myths and misconceptions about astronomy -- and also writes about the beauty, wonder and importance of fundamental research.
He worked for six years on the Hubble Space Telescope, and directed public outreach for the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. He is a past president of the James Randi Educational Foundation, and was the host of Phil Plait's Bad Universe, a documentary series on the Discovery Channel.
Read more from Phil Plait in the Huffington Post's special TEDWeekends feature, "Asteroids: Getting Ready" >>
Phil Plait | Speaker | TED.com