Paula Hammond: A new superweapon in the fight against cancer
פאולה האמונד: כוח על חדש במאבק בסרטן
Paula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells. Full bio
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back over and over again,
and drug-resistant ones,
התרופות הטובות ביותר שלנו.
forms of cancer.
how to address relatively well
כיצד לטפל בצורה טובה יחסית
drugs and surgery.
very aggressive forms of cancer
אגרסיביות אלו של סרטן
from a genetic mutation.
inside these tumor cells
and unimagined modes of survival,
מצבי הישרדות חדשים שלא ייאמנו,
הטובים ביותר שלנו.
in which a gene allows a cell,
spits out the drug.
את התרופה ביעילות.
of the many genetic tricks
with incredible superpowers.
mode of attack.
known as siRNA.
can turn off a specific gene
these gene blockers in medicine.
or our tissues,
through its journey through the body
inside the cancer cell.
with siRNA, the gene blocker,
siRNA חוסמת הגן,
כימותרפית.
to get through the bloodstream,
כדי לעבור דרך מחזור הדם,
to penetrate the tumor tissue,
לחדור את רקמת הגידול,
to be taken up inside the cancer cell.
להילקח לתוך התא הסרטני.
the size of a human hair.
מגודל של שערת אדם,
at how we can build this nanoparticle.
לבנות ננו-חלקיק זה.
with the nanoparticle core.
the chemotherapy drug.
את התרופה הכימותרפית.
actually end the tumor cell's life.
את חיי התא הסרטני.
negatively charged,
of positively charged polymer.
בעל טעינה חיובית.
molecules stick together
with a protective layer
from degrading in the bloodstream.
we have to think about.
שאנחנו צריכים לחשוב עליו.
obstacle of all.
needs to be targeted,
חייב להיות מכוון ליעד,
to the supervillain cells
immune-defense system:
is considered a foreign object.
נחשבים חפץ זר.
past the tumor defense system.
מעבר מערכת הביטחון של הגידול.
of getting rid of the foreign object
שנפטר מאובייקט זר
negatively charged layer
of the naturally charged,
שטעונה באופן טבעי,
that resides in our body.
around the nanoparticle
סביב הננו-חלקיק
cloaking effect.
the nanoparticle
takes up the nanoparticle,
לוקח את הננו-חלקיק,
inside the cancer cell
בתוך תא הסרטן
בוא נמשיך!
and block those survival genes.
את אותם גנים של הישרדות.
those genetic superpowers.
with no special defenses.
comes out of the core
cleanly and efficiently.
different kinds of mutations,
particles in animals
of triple-negative breast cancer.
של סרטן שד תלת-שלילי
exhibits the gene
as soon as it is delivered.
ברגע שהיא מועברת.
it "dox" -- is the cancer drug
לה "dox" היא התרופה לסרטן
for breast cancer.
with a dox core, dox only.
over a period of two weeks.
our combination superweapon.
against the chemo pump,
כנגד משאבת הכימותרפיה,
did the tumors stop growing,
שהגידולים הפסיקו לגדול
is that it can be personalized.
יכולה להיות מתואמת אישית.
הרבה שכבות שונות של siRNA
and tumor defense mechanisms.
ומנגנוני הגנה של גידולים.
into the nanoparticle core.
לתוך ליבת הננו-חלקיק.
tumor genetic types,
can benefit from this strategy
יוכל להפיק תועלת מאסטרטגיה זו
a special chord with me.
at very late stages,
בשלבים מאוחרים מאוד,
of genetic mutations.
for 75 percent of patients.
in a drug-resistant form.
בצורה עמידה לתרופות.
supervillains out there.
Mimi, and her daughter, Paige.
by the optimism and strength
about the different technologies
about these efforts
really elegant science.
the power of engineering
move forward in their careers,
מתקדמים בקריירות שלהם,
health problems in the world --
הבריאות הגדולות בעולם --
disorders, infectious disease --
נוירולוגיות, מחלות זיהומיות --
found a way to open doors for me,
דרך לפתוח דלתות בשבילי,
that of molecules,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paula Hammond - Medical researcher and educatorPaula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells.
Why you should listen
Professor Paula T. Hammond is the Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Chair Professor in Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She is a member of MIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, the MIT Energy Initiative and a founding member of the MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology. She has recently been named the new head of the Department of Chemical Engineering (ChemE). She is the first woman and the first person of color appointed to the post. She also served as the Executive Officer (Associate Chair) of the Chemical Engineering Department (2008-2011).
Professor Hammond was elected into the 2013 Class of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is also the recipient of the 2013 AIChE Charles M. A. Stine Award, which is bestowed annually to a leading researcher in recognition of outstanding contributions to the field of materials science and engineering, and the 2014 Alpha Chi Sigma Award for Chemical Engineering Research. She was also selected to receive the Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Teal Innovator Award in 2013. She has been listed in the prestigious Highly Cited Researchers 2014 list, published by Thomson Reuters in the Materials Science category. This list contains the world's most influential researchers across 21 scientific disciplines based on highly cited papers in the 2002-2012 period. She is also included in the report: The World's Most Influential Scientific Minds 2014.
Professor Hammond serves as an Associate Editor of the American Chemical Society journal, ACS Nano. She has published over 250 scientific papers and holds over 20 patents based on her research at MIT. She was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the American Institute of Biological and Medical Engineers, and the American Chemical Society Polymer Division. In 2010, she was named the Scientist of the Year by the Harvard Foundation.
Professor Hammond received her B.S. in Chemical Engineering from MIT in 1984, and her M.S. from Georgia Tech in 1988 and earned her Ph.D. in 1993 from MIT.
Paula Hammond | Speaker | TED.com