Paula Hammond: A new superweapon in the fight against cancer
Paula Hammond: O nouă super-armă în lupta împotriva cancerului
Paula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells. Full bio
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back over and over again,
and drug-resistant ones,
și rezistente la medicamente,
tratamentele medicale,
cu cele mai bune medicamente.
forms of cancer.
mai agresive forme de cancer.
how to address relatively well
am învățat să le abordăm eficient
drugs and surgery.
cunoscute și consacrate.
very aggressive forms of cancer
forme agresive de cancer
din benzile desenate.
from a genetic mutation.
dintr-o mutație genetică.
inside these tumor cells
acestor celule tumorale
and unimagined modes of survival,
de supraviețuire noi, neimaginate,
să supraviețuiască
tratamente de chimioterapie.
in which a gene allows a cell,
o genă permite unei celule,
spits out the drug.
celula scuipă medicamentul.
of the many genetic tricks
din numeroasele trucuri genetice
with incredible superpowers.
cu superputeri incredibile.
mode of attack.
de atac nou și puternic.
known as siRNA.
cunoscut ca siARN.
să blocheze o anumită genă.
can turn off a specific gene
poate închide o anumită genă
these gene blockers in medicine.
a acestor blocanți ai genelor.
or our tissues,
through its journey through the body
în călătoria lui prin corp
inside the cancer cell.
celulei canceroase.
with siRNA, the gene blocker,
o doză de siARN, care blochează gena,
chimioterapeutic.
to get through the bloodstream,
să se poată strecura în sânge,
to penetrate the tumor tissue,
to be taken up inside the cancer cell.
the size of a human hair.
decât un fir de păr uman.
at how we can build this nanoparticle.
construi această nanoparticulă.
with the nanoparticle core.
cu nucleul nanoparticulei.
the chemotherapy drug.
medicamentul chimioterapeutic.
actually end the tumor cell's life.
viața celulei canceroase.
de dimensiuni nanometrice.
negatively charged,
încărcătură negativă,
of positively charged polymer.
de polimer încărcat pozitiv.
molecules stick together
cu încărcături opuse sunt unite
with a protective layer
from degrading in the bloodstream.
siARN-ului în sânge.
we have to think about.
ce trebuie luat în considerare.
obstacle of all.
needs to be targeted,
to the supervillain cells
immune-defense system:
un sistem imunitar natural:
is considered a foreign object.
e considerată un corp străin.
past the tumor defense system.
dincolo de sistemul de apărare al tumorii.
of getting rid of the foreign object
mecanism care elimină corpurile străine,
negatively charged layer
un strat cu încărcătură negativă
of the naturally charged,
din polizaharidele din corpul nostru
that resides in our body.
și sunt foarte hidratate.
around the nanoparticle
în jurul nanoparticulei
cloaking effect.
the nanoparticle
permite nanoparticulei
ca să ajungă la tumoare
la celula tumorală.
takes up the nanoparticle,
asimilează nanoparticula,
inside the cancer cell
înăuntrul celulei canceroase
and block those survival genes.
și blocarea genelor supraviețuitoare.
those genetic superpowers.
with no special defenses.
fără mijloace de apărare.
comes out of the core
chimioterapeutic iese din miez
cleanly and efficiently.
curat și eficient.
different kinds of mutations,
tipuri diferite de mutații,
particles in animals
de nanostructuri pe animale
of triple-negative breast cancer.
de cancer de sân triplu negativ.
exhibits the gene
as soon as it is delivered.
de îndată ce este administrat.
it "dox" -- is the cancer drug
„dox” -- e medicamentul pentru cancer
for breast cancer.
pentru cancerul de sân.
with a dox core, dox only.
cu o esență de dox, doar dox.
over a period of two weeks.
în două săptămâni.
our combination superweapon.
cu super-arma noastră.
against the chemo pump,
atașată pompei de chimioterapie,
did the tumors stop growing,
că tumorile au încetat să crească,
is that it can be personalized.
e că poate fi personalizată.
diferite de siARN
and tumor defense mechanisms.
și mecanisme de apărare ale tumorii.
into the nanoparticle core.
diferite în miezul nanoparticulei.
tumor genetic types,
tipuri genetice de tumori,
can benefit from this strategy
pot beneficia de această strategie
a special chord with me.
în mod special.
at very late stages,
în stadii foarte avansate,
mai multe mutații genetice.
of genetic mutations.
for 75 percent of patients.
la 75% dintre paciente.
in a drug-resistant form.
rezistentă la medicamente.
supervillains out there.
Mimi, and her daughter, Paige.
Mimi, și pe fiica ei, Paige.
by the optimism and strength
de optimismul și forța
despre curaj și sprijin.
about the different technologies
despre diferitele tehnologii
about these efforts
că a aflat despre aceste eforturi
pentru generațiile viitoare,
really elegant science.
progresul științific elegant.
vieților oamenilor.
the power of engineering
move forward in their careers,
ca Paige avansează în cariera lor,
health problems in the world --
probleme de sănătate din lume --
disorders, infectious disease --
tulburări neurologice, boli infecțioase --
found a way to open doors for me,
a reușit să-mi deschidă uși
that of molecules,
cea a moleculelor,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paula Hammond - Medical researcher and educatorPaula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells.
Why you should listen
Professor Paula T. Hammond is the Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Chair Professor in Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She is a member of MIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, the MIT Energy Initiative and a founding member of the MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology. She has recently been named the new head of the Department of Chemical Engineering (ChemE). She is the first woman and the first person of color appointed to the post. She also served as the Executive Officer (Associate Chair) of the Chemical Engineering Department (2008-2011).
Professor Hammond was elected into the 2013 Class of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is also the recipient of the 2013 AIChE Charles M. A. Stine Award, which is bestowed annually to a leading researcher in recognition of outstanding contributions to the field of materials science and engineering, and the 2014 Alpha Chi Sigma Award for Chemical Engineering Research. She was also selected to receive the Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Teal Innovator Award in 2013. She has been listed in the prestigious Highly Cited Researchers 2014 list, published by Thomson Reuters in the Materials Science category. This list contains the world's most influential researchers across 21 scientific disciplines based on highly cited papers in the 2002-2012 period. She is also included in the report: The World's Most Influential Scientific Minds 2014.
Professor Hammond serves as an Associate Editor of the American Chemical Society journal, ACS Nano. She has published over 250 scientific papers and holds over 20 patents based on her research at MIT. She was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the American Institute of Biological and Medical Engineers, and the American Chemical Society Polymer Division. In 2010, she was named the Scientist of the Year by the Harvard Foundation.
Professor Hammond received her B.S. in Chemical Engineering from MIT in 1984, and her M.S. from Georgia Tech in 1988 and earned her Ph.D. in 1993 from MIT.
Paula Hammond | Speaker | TED.com