Paula Hammond: A new superweapon in the fight against cancer
폴라 해몬드(Paula Hammond): 암에 대항하기 위한 새로운 초강력 병기
Paula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
영향을 미치고 있습니다.
back over and over again,
and drug-resistant ones,
작동하는 공학 기술은
forms of cancer.
how to address relatively well
drugs and surgery.
very aggressive forms of cancer
매우 공격적인 형태의 암을
생각할 수 있습니다.
from a genetic mutation.
돌연변이에서 나옵니다.
inside these tumor cells
변경된 유전자들은
and unimagined modes of survival,
살아남을 수 있도록
새롭고 상상할 수 없는 형태로
in which a gene allows a cell,
내기 전에 말이죠.
spits out the drug.
뱉어내는 걸 상상해 보세요.
of the many genetic tricks
슈퍼악당들의 가방에 있는
속임수 중 하나의 예시입니다.
with incredible superpowers.
슈퍼악당들을 가지게 되었습니다.
mode of attack.
형태의 공격이 필요합니다.
작동하지 않게 할 수 있습니다.
known as siRNA.
분자들의 모음이죠.
세포를 유도합니다.
can turn off a specific gene
유전자가 작용하지 않게 할 수 있습니다.
these gene blockers in medicine.
흥미로워했습니다.
or our tissues,
through its journey through the body
마지막 목표인
inside the cancer cell.
보호받고 밀봉되어야 합니다.
with siRNA, the gene blocker,
가진 암 세포에만 작용하게 하고
공격할 수 있습니다.
여행을 할 수 있는
to get through the bloodstream,
있을만큼 충분히 작고
to penetrate the tumor tissue,
있을만큼 충분히 작습니다.
to be taken up inside the cancer cell.
들어갈 수 있을만큼 작습니다.
the size of a human hair.
크기가 될 것입니다.
at how we can build this nanoparticle.
가까이 보도록 하죠.
with the nanoparticle core.
the chemotherapy drug.
담고 있는 작은 캡슐입니다.
actually end the tumor cell's life.
negatively charged,
가지기 때문에
of positively charged polymer.
그것을 보호할 수 있습니다.
molecules stick together
전하를 가진 분자들은
서로 달라 붙습니다.
with a protective layer
from degrading in the bloodstream.
보호층을 제공합니다.
we have to think about.
하나 이상 큰 문제가 있습니다.
obstacle of all.
큰 문제일 것입니다.
어떻게 배치할까요?
needs to be targeted,
목표가 필요하고
to the supervillain cells
종양안에 있는 수퍼악당 세포들을
immune-defense system:
면역체계를 갖고 있습니다.
is considered a foreign object.
나노입자를 외부 물질로 생각할 것입니다.
past the tumor defense system.
지나가도록 속일 것입니다.
of getting rid of the foreign object
이러한 외부 물질을 제거하는 매커니즘을
negatively charged layer
위해서 이 나노입자 주변에
하나 더할 것입니다.
of the naturally charged,
자연스러운 전하상태 중 하나를 가지는
that resides in our body.
고 수화된 다당류입니다.
around the nanoparticle
물 분자들의 구름을 만들고
cloaking effect.
은폐하는 효과를 줍니다.
the nanoparticle
닿을 때까지 혈류를 통하여
특별히 더 잘 달라 붙을 수 있는
takes up the nanoparticle,
inside the cancer cell
가보죠!
and block those survival genes.
작용하지 않는 충분한 시간을 줍니다.
those genetic superpowers.
슈퍼파워를 사용할 수 없습니다.
with no special defenses.
가지지 않은채 남아있습니다.
comes out of the core
핵으로부터 나오고
cleanly and efficiently.
효과적으로 파괴합니다.
different kinds of mutations,
어떻게 진행되고 있을까요?
particles in animals
매우 공격적인 형태를 이용하여
of triple-negative breast cancer.
테스트하였습니다.
exhibits the gene
항암제를 배출하는 유전자가
as soon as it is delivered.
it "dox" -- is the cancer drug
유방암을 위한
for breast cancer.
with a dox core, dox only.
이용하여 첫 번째 치료를 했습니다.
over a period of two weeks.
our combination superweapon.
섞어서 치료를 시도해 보았습니다.
against the chemo pump,
siRNA로 된 나노 층과
did the tumors stop growing,
멈춘 것뿐만 아니라
찾을 수 있었고
종양이 완전히 사라졌습니다.
is that it can be personalized.
이것이 개별화가 가능하다는 겁니다.
종양의 방어 매커니즘을
and tumor defense mechanisms.
더할 수 있습니다.
into the nanoparticle core.
서로 다른 약물을 넣을 수도 있습니다.
테스트할지 알고
tumor genetic types,
명백하게 이해한다면
can benefit from this strategy
이러한 유전자 차단제를 사용하는 전략이
도움을 줄 것입니다.
a special chord with me.
at very late stages,
매우 늦은 단계에 발견되며
of genetic mutations.
가지고 있습니다.
for 75 percent of patients.
in a drug-resistant form.
내성을 가진 형태로 재발하죠.
supervillains out there.
Mimi, and her daughter, Paige.
그녀의 딸인 페이지를 만났습니다
by the optimism and strength
낙천적이고 강한 모습과
about the different technologies
여러가지 기술들에 대해서
about these efforts
노력을 설명했을 때
really elegant science.
만드는 것만은 아닙니다.
the power of engineering
move forward in their careers,
진로를 향해 갈 것이고
health problems in the world --
건강 문제를 다루는데
disorders, infectious disease --
감염병 같은 것을 포함하죠.
found a way to open doors for me,
문을 열기 위한 방법을 찾은 것 처럼
that of molecules,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paula Hammond - Medical researcher and educatorPaula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells.
Why you should listen
Professor Paula T. Hammond is the Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Chair Professor in Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She is a member of MIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, the MIT Energy Initiative and a founding member of the MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology. She has recently been named the new head of the Department of Chemical Engineering (ChemE). She is the first woman and the first person of color appointed to the post. She also served as the Executive Officer (Associate Chair) of the Chemical Engineering Department (2008-2011).
Professor Hammond was elected into the 2013 Class of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is also the recipient of the 2013 AIChE Charles M. A. Stine Award, which is bestowed annually to a leading researcher in recognition of outstanding contributions to the field of materials science and engineering, and the 2014 Alpha Chi Sigma Award for Chemical Engineering Research. She was also selected to receive the Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Teal Innovator Award in 2013. She has been listed in the prestigious Highly Cited Researchers 2014 list, published by Thomson Reuters in the Materials Science category. This list contains the world's most influential researchers across 21 scientific disciplines based on highly cited papers in the 2002-2012 period. She is also included in the report: The World's Most Influential Scientific Minds 2014.
Professor Hammond serves as an Associate Editor of the American Chemical Society journal, ACS Nano. She has published over 250 scientific papers and holds over 20 patents based on her research at MIT. She was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the American Institute of Biological and Medical Engineers, and the American Chemical Society Polymer Division. In 2010, she was named the Scientist of the Year by the Harvard Foundation.
Professor Hammond received her B.S. in Chemical Engineering from MIT in 1984, and her M.S. from Georgia Tech in 1988 and earned her Ph.D. in 1993 from MIT.
Paula Hammond | Speaker | TED.com