TEDGlobal 2014
Alejandro Aravena: My architectural philosophy? Bring the community into the process
Alejandro Aravena: Moja arhitektonska filozofija? Uključiti zajednicu u proces
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Kada je prije 10 godina upitan da izgradi naselje za 100 obitelji u Čileu, Alejandro Aravena je pogledao u nesvakidašnju inspiraciju: mudrost favela i straćara. Umjesto da gradi velike zgrade s malim stambenim jedinicama, on je izgradio fleksibilne polu-kuće koje svaka obitelj može dograditi. Bio je to komplekasan problem, ali s jednostavnim rješenjem - jedan koji je došao radeči sa samim obiteljima. Sa pločom i prekrasnim slikama svog dizajna, Aravena nas vodi kroz tri projekta gdje pametno razmišljanje vodi do prekrasnog dizajna s pogodnostima.
Alejandro Aravena - Urban architect
Alejandro Aravena works inside paradoxes, seeing space and flexibility in public housing, clarity in economic scarcity, and the keys to rebuilding in the causes of natural disasters. He Full bio
Alejandro Aravena works inside paradoxes, seeing space and flexibility in public housing, clarity in economic scarcity, and the keys to rebuilding in the causes of natural disasters. He Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
If there's any power in design,
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Ako dizajn ima kakav utjecaj,
00:15
that's the power of synthesis.
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onda je to moć sinteze.
00:17
The more complex the problem,
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Što je kompleksniji problem,
00:19
the more the need for simplicity.
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to je potreba za jednostavnošću veća.
00:22
So allow me to share three cases
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Zato dopustite da podjelim tri slučaja
00:24
where we tried to apply
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u kojima smo pokušali primjeniti
00:26
design's power of synthesis.
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dizajnersku moć sinteze.
00:29
Let's start with the global challenge of urbanization.
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Počnimo s globalnim izazovom urbanizacije.
00:33
It's a fact that people are moving towards cities.
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Činjenica je da se ljudi sele u gradove
00:37
and even if counterintuitive, it's good news.
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i čak iako protiv intuicije,
to je dobra vijest.
to je dobra vijest.
00:40
Evidence shows that people are better off in cities.
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Dokazi pokazuju da je ljudima bolje
u gradovima.
u gradovima.
00:44
But there's a problem that I would call
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Ali postoji problem kojeg bi nazvao
00:46
the "3S" menace:
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problem "3S" opasnost:
00:49
The scale, speed, and scarcity of means
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mjera (scale), brzina (speed)
i nedostatak sredstava (scarcity)
i nedostatak sredstava (scarcity)
00:51
with which we will have to
respond to this phenomenon
respond to this phenomenon
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s kojima ćemo morati odgovoriti na
taj fenomen
taj fenomen
00:55
has no precedence in history.
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nije zabilježen u povijesti.
00:57
For you to have an idea,
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Za vas da bi imali ideju,
00:58
out of the three billion
people living in cities today,
people living in cities today,
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od tri miljarde ljudi koji danas
žive u gradovima,
žive u gradovima,
01:02
one billion are under the line of poverty.
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jedna miljarda su ispod linije siromaštva.
01:05
By 2030, out of the five billion people
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Do 2030, od pet miljardi ljudi
01:09
that will be living in cities,
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koji će živjeti u gradovima,
01:11
two billion are going to
be under the line of poverty.
be under the line of poverty.
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dvije miljarde će biti ispod
linije siromaštva.
linije siromaštva.
01:15
That means that we will have to build
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To znači da ćemo morati izgraditi
01:21
a one million-person city per week
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jedan milijunski grad tjedno
01:30
with 10,000 dollars per family
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s 10,000 dolara po obitelji
01:35
during the next 15 years.
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sljedećih 15 godina.
01:37
A one million-person city per week
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Jedno-milijunski grad tjedno
01:40
with 10,000 dollars per family.
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s 10,000 dolara po obitelji.
01:42
If we don't solve this equation,
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Ako ne riješimo tu jednadžbu,
01:44
it is not that people
will stop coming to cities.
will stop coming to cities.
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nije da će ljudi prestati
dolaziti u gradove.
dolaziti u gradove.
01:46
They will come anyhow,
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Dolaziti će svejedno,
01:48
but they will live in slums, favelas
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ali živjeti će u slamovima, favelama
01:51
and informal settlements.
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i nepropisnim nastambama.
01:52
So what to do? Well, an answer may come
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Što učiniti? Dakle, odgovor bi mogao doći
01:55
from favelas and slums themselves.
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iz samih favela i slamova.
02:00
A clue could be in this
question we were asked
question we were asked
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Trag bi mogao biti u pitanju koje nam
je bilo postavljeno
je bilo postavljeno
02:03
10 years ago.
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prije 10 godina.
02:05
We were asked to accommodate 100 families
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Pitali su nas da smjestimo 100 obitelji
02:08
that had been occupying illegally
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koje su ilegalno nastanjivale
02:11
half a hectare in the center
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pola hektra u centru
02:13
of the city of Iquique
in the north of Chile
in the north of Chile
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grada Iquique u sjevernom Čileu
02:16
using a $10,000 subsidy
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koristeći 10,000 dolara subvencije
02:19
with which we had to buy the land,
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s kojima smo morali kupiti zemljište,
02:22
provide the infrastructure,
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pobrinuti se oko infrastrukture,
02:24
and build the houses that,
in the best of the cases,
in the best of the cases,
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i izgraditi kuće koje će,
u najboljem slučaju,
u najboljem slučaju,
02:27
would be of around 40 square meters.
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biti oko 40 kvadratnih metara.
02:31
And by the way, they said,
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A usput su nam rekli
02:33
the cost of the land,
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da je cijena zemljišta,
02:34
because it's in the center of the city,
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jer je u centru grada,
02:37
is three times more
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tri puta veća
02:38
than what social housing can normally afford.
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nego što si socijalno stanovanje
može priuštiti.
može priuštiti.
02:42
Due to the difficulty of the question,
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Zbog težine pitanja,
02:44
we decided to include the families
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odlučili smo se da uključimo obitelji
02:46
in the process of understanding the constraints,
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u proces shvaćanja ograničenja,
02:50
and we started a participatory design process,
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i počeli smo proces participarnog dizajna,
02:53
and testing what was
available there in the market.
available there in the market.
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te testiranja onog što je bilo ponuđeno
na tržištu.
na tržištu.
02:57
Detached houses,
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Samostojeće kuće,
02:58
30 families could be accommodated.
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30 obitelji bi moglo biti smješteno.
03:01
Row houses, 60 families.
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Kuće u nizu, 60 obitelji.
03:05
["100 families"]
The only way to accommodate all of them
The only way to accommodate all of them
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["100 obitelji"]
Jedini način da se svi smjeste
Jedini način da se svi smjeste
03:08
was by building in height,
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je bila gradnja u visinu,
03:11
and they threatened us
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i prijetili su nam
03:12
to go on a hunger strike
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štrajkom glađu
03:15
if we even dared to offer this
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ako se usudimo to ponuditi
03:17
as a solution,
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kao rješenje,
03:18
because they could not
make the tiny apartments
make the tiny apartments
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jer nisu mogli te male stanove
03:21
expand.
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proširiti.
03:23
So the conclusion with the families —
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Dakle zaključak s obiteljima --
03:25
and this is important,
not our conclusion —
not our conclusion —
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i to je važno,
ne naš zaključak --
ne naš zaključak --
03:27
with the families, was that we had a problem.
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s obiteljima, je da imamo problem.
03:30
We had to innovate.
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Morali smo inovirati.
03:32
So what did we do?
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Što smo učinili?
03:35
Well, a middle-class family
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Dakle, obitelj srednje klase
03:39
lives reasonably well
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živi razumno dobro
03:42
in around 80 square meters,
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u oko 80 kvadratnih metara,
03:45
but when there's no money,
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ali kad nema novca,
03:46
what the market does
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što tržište učini
03:48
is to reduce the size of the house
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je da se veličina kuće smanji
03:52
to 40 square meters.
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na 40 kvadrata.
03:55
What we said was,
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Ono što smo mi rekli,
03:56
what if,
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što ako,
04:01
instead of thinking of 40 square meters
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umjesto razmišljanja o 40 kvadrata
04:05
as a small house,
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kao maloj kući,
04:08
why don't we consider it
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zašto ju ne bi smatrali
04:10
half of a good one?
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kao pola dobre kuće?
04:13
When you rephrase the problem
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Kad preformuliramo problem
04:15
as half of a good house
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kao pola dobre kuće
04:17
instead of a small one,
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umjesto male kuće,
04:19
the key question is, which half do we do?
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ključno pitanje je, koju polovicu ćemo
izgraditi?
izgraditi?
04:22
And we thought we had
to do with public money
to do with public money
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I smatrali smo da moramo učiniti
s javnim novcem
s javnim novcem
04:25
the half that families won't
be able to do individually.
be able to do individually.
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onu polovicu koju obitelji neće
moći napravit individualno.
moći napravit individualno.
04:30
We identified five design conditions
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Odredili smo pet konstrukcijskih uvjeta
04:33
that belonged to the hard half of a house,
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koji su pripadali teškom dijelu kuće,
04:35
and we went back to the
families to do two things:
families to do two things:
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i vratili se obiteljima s dvije stvari:
04:38
join forces and split tasks.
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ujediniti snage i podjeliti poslove.
04:42
Our design was something in between
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Naš plan je bio nešto između
04:45
a building and a house.
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zgrade i kuće.
04:48
As a building, it could pay
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Kao zgrada, mogla bi pokrit troškove
04:50
for expensive, well-located land,
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skupog, dobro lociranog zemljišta,
04:53
and as a house, it could expand.
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a kao kuća, mogla bi se širiti.
04:57
If, in the process of not being expelled
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Ako, u procesu u kojem neće biti potisnute
04:59
to the periphery while getting a house,
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na periferiju za vrijeme dobivanja kuće,
05:02
families kept their
network and their jobs,
network and their jobs,
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obitelji zadrže svoju mrežu i posao,
05:04
we knew that the expansion
would begin right away.
would begin right away.
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znali smo da će proširenje
početi odmah.
početi odmah.
05:09
So we went from this initial social housing
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Znači, došli smo s inicijalnog
socijalnog smještaja
socijalnog smještaja
05:13
to a middle-class unit achieved
by families themselves
by families themselves
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na jedinicu srednje klase postignuto
samim obiteljima
samim obiteljima
05:18
within a couple of weeks.
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unutar nekoliko tjedana.
05:20
This was our first project
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To je bio naš prvi projekt
05:22
in Iquique 10 years ago.
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u Iquique prije 10 godina.
05:24
This is our last project in Chile.
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Ovo je naš zadnji projekt u Čileu.
05:28
Different designs, same principle:
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Različiti dizjni, isti princip:
05:31
You provide the frame,
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Pripremite okvir,
05:32
and from then on, families take over.
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i od tad pa na dalje, preuzmu obitelji.
05:36
So the purpose of design,
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Svrha dizajna,
05:40
trying to understand and
trying to give an answer
trying to give an answer
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pokušati razumjeti i dati odgovor
05:43
to the "3S" menace,
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na "3S" opasnost,
05:45
scale, speed, and scarcity,
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mjera, brzina, i nedostatak sredstava,
05:47
is to channel people's own building capacity.
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je kanaliziranje ljudskog
vlastitog gradbenog kapaciteta.
vlastitog gradbenog kapaciteta.
05:50
We won't solve the one million
people per week equation
people per week equation
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Nećemo riješiti jedan milijun ljudi
tjedno jednadžbu
tjedno jednadžbu
05:54
unless we use people's own power for building.
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ako ne iskoristimo vlastitu moć ljudi
za izgradnjom.
za izgradnjom.
05:59
So, with the right design,
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Dakle, s pravilnim dizajnom,
06:01
slums and favelas may not be the problem
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slamovi i favele možda nisu problem
06:05
but actually the only possible solution.
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već jedino moguće rješenje.
06:08
The second case is how design can contribute
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Drugi slučaj je kako dizajn može doprinjeti
06:12
to sustainability.
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održivosti.
06:14
In 2012, we entered the competition
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U 2012., uključili smo se u natječaj
06:16
for the Angelini Innovation Center,
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za Centar Inovativnosti Angelini,
06:19
and the aim was to build
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i cilj je bio izgraditi
06:21
the right environment for knowledge creation.
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pogodnu okolinu za stvaranje znanja.
06:25
It is accepted that for such an aim,
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Prihvaćeno je da za takvu svrhu,
06:27
knowledge creation,
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stvaranje znanja,
06:29
interaction among people,
face-to-face contact,
face-to-face contact,
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interakcija između ljudi,
kontakt lice u lice,
kontakt lice u lice,
06:31
it's important, and we agreed on that.
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je važan, i tu smo se složili.
06:34
But for us, the question
of the right environment
of the right environment
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Ali za nas, pitanje
odgovarajuće okoline
odgovarajuće okoline
06:37
was a very literal question.
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je bilo doslovno pitanje.
06:39
We wanted to have a working space
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Htjeli smo imati radni prostor
06:42
with the right light, with the right temperature,
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s odgovarajučom rasvjetom, temperaturom
06:44
with the right air.
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i odgovarajučim zrakom.
06:46
So we asked ourselves:
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Pitali smo se:
06:48
Does the typical office building
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Da li nam tipična poslovna zgrada
06:51
help us in that sense?
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pomaže u tom smislu?
06:53
Well, how does that
building look, typically?
building look, typically?
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Dakle, kako ta zgrada tipično izgleda?
06:57
It's a collection of floors,
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To je kolekcija katova,
06:59
one on top of each other,
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jedan na drugome,
07:01
with a core in the center
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s jezgrom u centru
07:04
with elevators, stairs,
pipes, wires, everything,
pipes, wires, everything,
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s dizalima, stepenicama,
cjevima, žicama, svime,
cjevima, žicama, svime,
07:09
and then a glass skin on the outside
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i onda staklena "koža" izvana
07:12
that, due to direct sun radiation,
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koja, zbog direktne radijacije sunca,
07:16
creates a huge greenhouse effect inside.
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stvara ogroman efekt staklenika iznutra.
07:21
In addition to that, let's say a guy
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Uz to, recimo čovjek
07:23
working on the seventh floor
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koji radi na sedmom katu
07:25
goes every single day
through the third floor,
through the third floor,
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prolazi svaki dan trećim katom,
07:28
but has no idea what the guy on that floor
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ali nezna što čovjek na tom katu
07:31
is working on.
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radi.
07:33
So we thought, well, maybe
we have to turn this scheme
we have to turn this scheme
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Mislil smo, dakle, možda moramo tu shemu
izokrenuti
izokrenuti
07:36
inside out.
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naglavačke.
07:38
And what we did was,
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I ono što smo učinili je,
07:40
let's have an open atrium,
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imat ćemo otvoren atrij,
07:44
a hollowed core,
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šuplju jezgru,
07:46
the same collection of floors,
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istu kolekciju katova,
07:47
but have the walls and the mass in the perimeter,
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ali imat ćemo zidove
i masu na vanjskom rubu,
i masu na vanjskom rubu,
07:52
so that when the sun hits,
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da kada sunce udari,
07:56
it's not impacting directly glass, but a wall.
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ne utječe direktno na staklo nego na zid.
08:02
When you have an open atrium inside,
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Kada imate otvoren atrij iznutra,
08:05
you are able to see what others are doing
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u mogućnosti ste vidjeti što ostali rade
08:07
from within the building, and you have
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iz unutrašnjosti zgrade, i imate
08:09
a better way to control light,
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bolji način kontrole svjetlosti,
08:11
and when you place the mass and the walls
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te kad su zidovi i masa
08:14
in the perimeter,
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na vanjskom rubu,
08:16
then you are preventing direct sun radiation.
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tada spriječavate
direktnu sunčevu radijaciju.
direktnu sunčevu radijaciju.
08:20
You may also open those windows
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Isto taka možete otvoriti te prozore
08:21
and get cross-ventilation.
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i dobiti unakrsnu ventilaciju.
08:24
We just made those openings
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Napravili smo te otvore
08:27
of such a scale that they could work
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u takvim razmjerima da mogu služiti
08:29
as elevated squares,
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kao povišeni trgovi,
08:31
outdoor spaces throughout
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vanjski prostori kroz
08:33
the entire height of the building.
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cjelu visinu zgrade.
08:37
None of this is rocket science.
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Ništa od toga nije raketna znanost.
08:39
You don't require sophisticated programming.
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Ne trebate sofisticirano programiranje.
08:41
It's not about technology.
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Nije stvar tehnologije.
08:43
This is just archaic,
primitive common sense,
primitive common sense,
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To je samo arhaičan,
primitivan zdrav razum,
primitivan zdrav razum,
08:49
and by using common sense,
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i koristeći zdrav razum,
08:51
we went from 120 kilowatts
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stigli smo s 120 kilowatta
08:53
per square meter per year,
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po metru kvadratnom godišnje,
08:56
which is the typical energy consumption
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što je tipična potrošnja energije
08:58
for cooling a glass tower,
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za hlađenje staklenog tornja,
09:00
to 40 kilowatts per square meter per year.
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na 40 kilowatta po metru kvadratnom
godišnje.
godišnje.
09:04
So with the right design,
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Stoga s odgovarajučim dizajnom,
09:07
sustainability is nothing but the rigorous use
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održivost je ništa
doli rigorozno korištenje
doli rigorozno korištenje
09:09
of common sense.
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zdravog razuma.
09:13
Last case I would like
to share is how design
to share is how design
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Zadnji slučaj koji bi htio podjeliti
je kako dizajn
je kako dizajn
09:16
can provide more comprehensive answers
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može dati najopsežnije odgovore
09:18
against natural disasters.
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protiv prirodnih katastrofa.
09:21
You may know that Chile, in 2010,
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Znate da je Čile, u 2010,
09:24
was hit by an 8.8 Richter scale
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bio pogođen s 8.8 po Richterovoj skali jakim
09:27
earthquake and tsunami,
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potresom i tsunamijem,
09:30
and we were called to work
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i mi smo bili pozvani da radimo
09:31
in the reconstruction of the Constitución,
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u rekonstrukciji Constituciona,
09:34
in the southern part of the country.
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u južnom dijelu zemlje.
09:36
We were given 100 days, three months,
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Dobili smo 100 dana, tri mjeseca,
09:39
to design almost everything,
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da napravimo plan za gotovo sve,
09:41
from public buildings to public space,
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od javnih zgrada do javnog prostora,
09:43
street grid, transportation, housing,
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cestovnih mreža, prijevoza, stanovanja,
09:45
and mainly how to protect the city
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i uglavnom kako zaštiti grad
09:48
against future tsunamis.
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od budućih tsunamija.
09:50
This was new in Chilean urban design,
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To je bilo novo u čilenskom
urabanom planiranju,
urabanom planiranju,
09:54
and there were in the
air a couple of alternatives.
air a couple of alternatives.
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i bilo je u zraku nekoliko alternativa.
09:57
First one:
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Prva:
09:58
Forbid installation on ground zero.
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Zabraniti radove na nultoj točki.
10:01
Thirty million dollars spent mainly
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Trideset milijuna dolara
potrošeno pretežno
potrošeno pretežno
10:03
in land expropriation.
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na izvlaštenje zemljišta.
10:05
This is exactly what's being
discussed in Japan nowadays,
discussed in Japan nowadays,
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To je točno o čemu se
ovih dana raspravlja u Japanu,
ovih dana raspravlja u Japanu,
10:08
and if you have a disciplined population
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i ako imate discipliniranu populaciju
10:11
like the Japanese, this may work,
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kao u Japanu, to može funkcionirati,
10:13
but we know that in Chile,
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ali znamo da će u Čileu,
10:14
this land is going to be
occupied illegally anyhow,
occupied illegally anyhow,
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ta zemlja svejedno biti okupirana ilegalno,
10:18
so this alternative was
unrealistic and undesirable.
unrealistic and undesirable.
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dakle ta alternativa
je bila nerealna i nepoželjna.
je bila nerealna i nepoželjna.
10:22
Second alternative: build a big wall,
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Druga alternativa: izgraditi veliki zid,
10:26
heavy infrastructure to resist
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teška infrastruktura za opiranje
10:28
the energy of the waves.
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energije valova.
10:30
This alternative was conveniently lobbied
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Ova alternativa je bila lobirana
od strane
od strane
10:32
by big building companies,
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velikih građevinskih tvrtki,
10:33
because it meant 42 million
dollars in contracts,
dollars in contracts,
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jer je to značilo 42 milijuna dolara
ugovora,
ugovora,
10:38
and was also politically preferred,
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i bila je isto tako politički preferirana,
10:40
because it required no land expropriation.
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jer nije trebalo izvlašćivanje zemljišta.
10:44
But Japan proved that trying to resist
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Ali Japan je dokazao da pokušaj opiranja
10:47
the force of nature is useless.
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snagama prirode je beskoristan.
10:50
So this alternative was irresponsible.
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Stoga je ova alternativa bila neodgovorna.
10:53
As in the housing process,
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Kao i kod procesa smještaja,
10:55
we had to include the community
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morali smo uključiti zajednicu
10:57
in the way of finding a solution for this,
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u način traženja rješenja za to,
11:01
and we started a participatory design process.
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i počeli smo
proces participarnog dizajniranja.
proces participarnog dizajniranja.
11:04
(Video) [In Spanish] Loudspeaker:
What kind of city do you want?
What kind of city do you want?
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(Video)[Na španjolskom] Razglas:
Kakav grad želite?
Kakav grad želite?
11:06
Vote for Constitución.
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Glasajte za Constitucion.
11:08
Go to the Open House and express your options.
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Idite u Otvorenu Kuću i izrazite
svoje mišljenje.
svoje mišljenje.
11:10
Participate!
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Sudjelujte!
11:12
Fisherman: I am a fisherman.
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Ribar: Ja sam ribar.
11:14
Twenty-five fishermen work for me.
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Dvadeset pet ribara radi za mene.
11:16
Where should I take them? To the forest?
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Gdje da ih povedem? U Šumu?
11:19
Man: So why can't we have a concrete defense?
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Muškarac: Zašto ne možemo imati betonsku
zaštitu?
zaštitu?
11:22
Done well, of course.
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1908
Napravljenu kako treba, naravno.
11:24
Man 2: I am the history of Constitución.
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Muškarac 2: Ja sam povijest Constituciona.
11:26
And you come here to tell me
that I cannot keep on living here?
that I cannot keep on living here?
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I vi ste došli ovdje da bi mi rekli da ne
mogu ovdje nastaviti živjeti?
mogu ovdje nastaviti živjeti?
11:30
My whole family has lived here,
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Moja cjela obitelj je živjela ovdje,
11:32
I raised my children here,
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ovdje sam odgojio svoju djecu,
11:33
and my children will also
raise their children here.
raise their children here.
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2085
i moja djeca će isto tako podići
svoju djecu ovdje,
svoju djecu ovdje,
11:36
and my grandchildren
and everyone else will.
and everyone else will.
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2508
i moji unuci
i svi ostali tako.
i svi ostali tako.
11:38
But why are you imposing this on me?
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Zašto to namećete meni?
11:41
You! You are imposing this on me!
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Vi! Vi to namećete meni!
11:42
In danger zone I am not authorized to build.
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U opasnoj zoni nisam ovlašten da gradim.
11:44
He himself is saying that.
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On sam to govori.
11:46
Man 3: No, no, no, Nieves...
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Muškarac 3: Ne, ne, ne, Nieves...
11:51
Alejandro Aravena: I don't know if you were able
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Alejandro Aravena: Neznam ako ste mogli
11:53
to read the subtitles, but you can tell
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pročitati podnaslove, ali možete reći
11:55
from the body language
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1644
po govoru tijela
11:57
that participatory design
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da participirajući dizajn
11:58
is not a hippie, romantic,
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nije hippie, romantična,
12:00
let's-all-dream-together-about-
the-future-of-the-city
the-future-of-the-city
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idemo svi sanjati zajedno o budućnosti
grada
grada
12:04
kind of thing.
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vrsta stvari.
12:06
It is actually — (Applause)
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To je zapravo -- (Pljesak)
12:09
It is actually not even with the families
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To zapravo nije ni s obiteljima
12:12
trying to find the right answer.
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pokušaj pronalaženja pravog odgovora.
12:15
It is mainly trying to identify with precision
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2813
To je uglavnom pokušaj preciznog
identificiranja
identificiranja
12:18
what is the right question.
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pravog pitanja.
12:20
There is nothing worse than answering well
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Nema ništa gore od dobrog odgovora
12:22
the wrong question.
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na krivo pitanje.
12:24
So it was pretty obvious after this process
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Dakle bilo je prilično jasno
nakon ovog procesa
nakon ovog procesa
12:27
that, well, we chicken out here
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ili se moramo povući
12:31
and go away because it's too tense,
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i otići jer je prenapeto,
12:33
or we go even further in asking,
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ili ići korak dalje i pitati,
12:35
what else is bothering you?
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što ih još smeta?
12:37
What other problems do you have
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Koje još probleme imate
12:38
and you want us to take
care of now that the city
care of now that the city
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2582
i želite da se srede
sad kad će grad
sad kad će grad
12:41
will have to be rethought from scratch?
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biti osmišljen ispočetka?
12:45
And what they said was,
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I ono što su rekli bilo je,
12:47
look, fine to protect the city
against future tsunamis,
against future tsunamis,
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gledajte, dobro je zaštiti grad od
budućih tsunamija,
budućih tsunamija,
12:50
we really appreciate, but the next one
is going to come in, what, 20 years?
is going to come in, what, 20 years?
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stvarno smo zahvalni, ali sljedeći će doći
za, koliko, 20 godina?
za, koliko, 20 godina?
12:55
But every single year, we have problems
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Ali svake godine, mi imamo problema
12:57
of flooding due to rain.
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s poplavama zbog kiša.
13:00
In addition, we are in the middle
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Uz to, mi smo usred
13:02
of the forest region of the country,
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šumske regije zemlje,
13:04
and our public space sucks.
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a naši javni prostori su jadni.
13:07
It's poor and it's scarce.
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Siromašno je i oskudno.
13:11
And the origin of the city, our identity,
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2584
I porijeklo grada, naš identitet,
13:13
is not really connected to the buildings that fell,
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2886
nije zapravo povezan sa srušenim zgradama,
13:16
it is connected to the river,
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povezan je s rijekom,
13:18
but the river cannot be accessed publicly,
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ali rijeka je javno nedostupna,
13:20
because its shores are privately owned.
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3702
jer je obala u privatnom vlasništvu
13:24
So we thought that we had
to produce a third alternative,
to produce a third alternative,
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Stoga smo razmišljali da moramo
stvoriti treću alternativu,
stvoriti treću alternativu,
13:29
and our approach was
against geographical threats,
against geographical threats,
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i naš pristup bio je protiv geografskih
prijetnji,
prijetnji,
13:34
have geographical answers.
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imati geografske odgovore.
13:37
What if, in between the city
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Što ako, između grada
13:43
and the sea
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i mora
13:48
we have a forest,
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imamo šumu,
13:51
a forest that doesn't try to resist
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2586
šumu koja se ne pokušava oduprijeti
13:54
the energy of nature,
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snazi prirode,
13:56
but dissipates it by introducing friction?
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4059
već ju troši uvođenjem trenja?
14:00
A forest that may be able to laminate the water
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Šuma koja bi mogla upijati vodu
14:04
and prevent the flooding?
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i spriječiti poplave?
14:06
That may pay the historical debt of public space,
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To bi moglo platiti povijesne dugove
javnih prostora,
javnih prostora,
14:11
and that may provide, finally,
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i na kraju osigurati
14:14
democratic access to the river.
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demokratski pristup rijeci.
14:16
So as a conclusion of the participatory design,
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Dakle kao zaključak participativnom dizajnu,
14:19
the alternative was validated politically and socially,
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alternativa je bila potvrđena politički i
društveno,
društveno,
14:22
but there was still the problem of the cost:
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ali bilo je još pitanje cijene:
14:25
48 million dollars.
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48 milijuna dolara.
14:29
So what we did was a survey
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2404
Stoga smo učinili pregled
14:31
in the public investment system,
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u javnom investicijskom sustavu,
14:34
and found out that there
were three ministries
were three ministries
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i pronašli smo da ima tri mistarstva
14:36
with three projects in
the exact same place,
the exact same place,
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3143
s tri projekta na točno istoj lokaciji,
14:39
not knowing of the existence
of the other projects.
of the other projects.
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ne znajući o postojanju drugog projekta.
14:42
The sum of them: 52 million dollars.
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Njihov zbroj: 52 milijuna dolara.
14:46
So design's power of synthesis
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Dakle dizajnerska moć sinteze
14:49
is trying to make a more efficient use
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je pokušaj da se učini
efikasnija uporaba
efikasnija uporaba
14:51
of the scarcest resource in cities,
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deficitarnih sirovina u gradovima,
14:54
which is not money but coordination.
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3413
koje nisu novac već koordinacija.
14:57
By doing so, we were able to save
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Radeći tako, uspjeli smo uštedjeti
15:00
four million dollars, and
that is why the forest
that is why the forest
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2842
4 milijuna dolara, Ž
i zbog toga je šuma
i zbog toga je šuma
15:03
is today under construction.
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danas u izgradnji.
15:07
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
15:09
So be it the force of self construction,
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3624
Dakle bila to snaga vlastite gradnje,
15:13
the force of common sense,
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3105
snaga zdravog razuma,
15:16
or the force of nature, all these forces
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ili snaga prirode, sve te snage
15:19
need to be translated into form,
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trebaju biti prevedene u formu,
15:22
and what that form is modeling and shaping
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i što ta forma modelira i oblikuje
15:26
is not cement, bricks, or wood.
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nije cement, cigle, ili drvo.
15:29
It is life itself.
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To je sam život.
15:32
Design's power of synthesis
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Dizajnerska moć sinteze
15:34
is just an attempt to put
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je samo pokušaj da se stavi
15:36
at the innermost core of architecture
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u nutarnju jezgru arhitekture
15:40
the force of life.
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snagu samog života.
15:42
Thank you so much.
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Puno hvala.
15:45
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alejandro Aravena - Urban architectAlejandro Aravena works inside paradoxes, seeing space and flexibility in public housing, clarity in economic scarcity, and the keys to rebuilding in the causes of natural disasters. He
Why you should listen
Throughout his career, Alejandro Aravena has grappled with what he calls the “double condition of cities.” Attracting people, knowledge, development and opportunities on one hand, the Chilean architect says cities also concentrate and magnify social pressures.
Through Elemental, the firm he founded in 1994, Aravena has devoted as much time to the design of iconic structures like the San Joaquin Universidad Catolica's “Siamese Towers” and Santiago’s Metropolitan Park as he has to the design of flexible and beautiful low-cost housing for low-income families. The firm's work is not just about buildings, but about shaping lives.
Aravena is the winner of the 2016 Pritzker Prize.
Alejandro Aravena | Speaker | TED.com