Moshe Szyf: How early life experience is written into DNA
Moshe Szyf: Hogyan írja be magát a korai élettapasztalat a DNS-ünkbe?
Moshe Szyf's research is focused on understanding the broad implications of epigenetic mechanisms in human behavior, health and disease. Full bio
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from McGill, Michael Meaney.
kollégámmal, Michael Meaneyvel.
in how mother rats lick their pups
patkányok ellés után
dollars are wasted --
when they become adults --
long after their mother died.
anyjuk halála után jóval később.
and groomed heavily,
as intensively by their mothers.
gondoskodott ennyire figyelmesen.
the "bad mother" gene
van egy "rossz anya" gén,
from generation to generation;
készteti a patkány-fiakat.
else is going on here?
this question and answer it.
választ találhatunk.
a cross-fostering experiment.
az alomban lévő utódokat.
the babies of this rat, at birth,
anyjuktól a kölyköket,
but mothers that will take care of them:
sokat nyalogató s gondozó
and low-licking mothers.
with the low-licking pups.
az ellenkezőt lehet tenni.
what gene you got from your mother.
milyen gént örököltek.
that defined this property of these rats.
a patkányok eme tulajdonságát,
took care of the pups.
we're in the womb of our mothers,
gén fog kifejeződni
than in the liver and the eye.
mint a májban vagy a szemben.
reprogramming the gene of her offspring
of biochemical events
biokémiai folyamatok láncolata,
of the mother, the care of the mother,
az anyai gondoskodás
itself for life:
and snakes around,
in an upper-class neighborhood
is behave well and proper,
how important that process can be
if you are going to be born in Stockholm,
hogy Stockholmban születünk meg,
and short in the winter,
télen meg rövidek;
for day and night all year round.
egész évben egyforma hosszúak.
a hatása fiziológiánkra.
on our physiology.
perhaps what happens early in life,
hogy a gyerekkorunkban történtek
through the mother,
you're going to be living in.
milyen környezetben fog élni.
be anxious and be stressful,
s álljunk készen mindenre,
and you have to be different.
with a lot of light or little light?
with a lot of food or little food?
whenever you see a meal,
ha épp élelmet találunk,
that you have as fat.
tároljunk el minden falatkát.
to function in a dynamic way
DNS-ünk új helyzetben
to a poor family
you're going to encounter."
kerülő falatot megeszel."
and our brain have evolved,
that we had by our mothers
to protect us from hunger and famine
megóvó felkészítés
and metabolic disease.
és anyagcsere-betegségeket okoz.
could be marked by our experience,
különösen gyerekkori tapasztalatunk
test this in humans,
emberen nem tudjuk tesztelni,
child adversity in a random way.
kitenni az élet viszontagságainak.
a certain property,
kifejlődik valamilyen tulajdonság,
this is caused by poverty
rosszak a génjeik.
that poor people are poor
hogy a szegények azért azok,
or an impoverished environment
vagy elszegényedett környezet
that property.
into our cousins, the monkeys.
a majmokat vettük elő.
has been rearing monkeys
from the mother
kölyköket az anyjuktól,
a mother; they had a nurse.
hanem csak dajkájuk.
with their normal, natural mothers.
they were completely different animals.
állatok váltak belőlük.
did not care about alcohol,
nem érdekelte az alkohol,
were aggressive, were stressed
agresszívak, szorongók
early after birth, to see:
megvizsgáltuk DNS-üket, hogy tudjuk:
in the DNA of the offspring?
az utódja DNS-ében?
by which we study epigenetics.
modern módszerét láthatjuk.
which we call methylation marks,
nevű, a DNS-en lévő kémiai markereket
that had a mother or not.
és a nélküle fölnőtt majmokat.
that got more methylated are red.
az erősebben metilált géneket,
less methylated are green.
is not just one thing --
nemcsak egy tényezőre hat,
your world is going to look
didn't see their mothers,
társadalmi tapasztalatot.
even at the moment of birth?
bennünk társadalmi státuszunk?
we took placentas of monkeys
majmok méhlepényét.
is that across all living beings,
themselves by hierarchy.
hierarchiába rendeződik.
and always be a peon.
is that the monkey number one
majom sokkal egészségesebb,
in this methylation mapping,
hogy születéskor
a high social status
that did not have a high status.
the social information,
is not bad or good,
our biology differently
kell programoznunk attól függően,
or the low social status.
társadalmi státuszúak vagyunk.
we can't administer adversity to humans.
ki embereket hányattatásoknak.
in Canadian history
legszörnyűbb természeti csapása
because of an ice storm
az egész elektromos hálózatot,
were, in the dead of winter in Quebec,
mothers during that time.
followed the children of these mothers
that as the stress increased --
measures of stress:
Where did you spend your time?
or in some posh country home?
vagy anyósa lakásában töltötte?
to a social stress scale,
a társadalmi stresszskálához.
növekedésével nőtt
térképét, és ismét megfigyelhető,
becoming red as stress increases,
a zöld gének pirossá,
as stress increases,
of the genome in response to stress.
of the history of our genes,
genetikai történetünknek,
can we deprogram them?
can cause diseases like cancer,
and to loss of human life.
ami az emberben történik.
of what happened the first time,
eszünkbe juttatja a történteket,
and your life has changed.
to get used to cocaine,
when they saw the cocaine the first time
emlékeztette őket az alkalomra,
when they saw cocaine.
amikor először láttak kokaint.
between these animals
hogy az állatok abban különböznek,
when nothing happens,
in a different way,
their genome is ready
genomjuk készen áll
that either increase DNA methylation,
fokozó szerrel kezeltük,
marker to look at,
if we increased methylation,
a metilációt,
between an epigenetic drug
the signs of experience,
unless you have the same experience.
hacsak nem kerül elő ugyanaz az élmény.
30 days, 60 days later,
ami emberi léptékben több év –
many years of life,
by a single epigenetic treatment.
epigenetikus kezelésnek köszönhetően.
into this movie, which is interactive.
az interaktív filmbe.
of your life, with the DNA,
életünk filmjét néznénk
egy-egy színészt.
of the deterministic nature of genetics,
determinisztikus volta ellenére
your genes look,
optimistic message
some of the deadly diseases
tekintjük e betegségeket.
avatkozunk közbe,
by removing an actor
visszapergethetjük a filmet,
of two components,
of years of evolution.
millió éve alatt fejlődött ki.
is the epigenetic layer,
az epigenetikus réteg,
that is interactive,
to a large extent, our destiny,
mértékben irányítsuk sorsunkat,
for a long time.
to a life of responsibility.
ruházza a felelősséget.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Moshe Szyf - EpigeneticistMoshe Szyf's research is focused on understanding the broad implications of epigenetic mechanisms in human behavior, health and disease.
Why you should listen
Moshe Szyf is one of the pioneers in the field of epigenetics. Szyf's lab has proposed three decades ago that DNA methylation is a prime therapeutic target in cancer and other diseases and has postulated and provided the first set of evidence that the "social environment" early in life can alter DNA methylation launching the emerging field of "social epigenetics."
Szyf received his PhD from the Hebrew University and did his postdoctoral fellowship in Genetics at Harvard Medical School, joined the department in 1989 and currently holds a James McGill Professorship and GlaxoSmithKline-CIHR Chair in Pharmacology. He is the founding co-director of the Sackler Institute for Epigenetics and Psychobiology at McGill and is a Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Experience-based Brain and Biological Development program.
Moshe Szyf | Speaker | TED.com