Faith Osier: The key to a better malaria vaccine
フェイス・オシア: より良いマラリアワクチン開発への道
Faith Osier is studying how humans acquire immunity to malaria and developing new malaria vaccines. Full bio
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毎年2億人もの人が
in Africa every year,
about malaria vaccines.
お話ししたいと思います
are simply not good enough.
どれも あまり有効ではありません
for 100 plus years.
ワクチンの開発に取り組んでいます
of what the parasite really looked like.
ほんの少ししか見ることができませんでした
オミックス研究である―
プロテオミクスもあります
私たちはより鮮明に
the parasite really is.
分かるようになりました
has remained pretty rudimentary.
未だ原始的なままです
we must go back to basics
基本に立ち返り
handle this complexity.
どう対処するか理解する必要があります
infected with malaria
それに対応できるようになります
but they don't get ill.
発症はしません
who had overcome malaria
抗体サンプルを使い 寄生虫を調べました
antibody response look like?"
どんな反応があるか?」
タンパク質を確認しましたが
on the radar for malaria vaccines.
対象とされていません
important parts of the parasite.
見逃しているのかもしれません
a protein of interest,
important for a vaccine
試験するために
participants in a village in Africa,
約300人を対象に
would predict who got malaria
マラリアに感染したことがあるか分かるか
a small number of proteins
タンパク質の種類はわずかで
比較的少ないサンプルで
30 years of this type of research
このような研究を
conducted over just three months.
しかも たった3か月で行いました
1万ものサンプルを
in seven African countries,
15もの地点から
and the variable intensity
症状の度合いについて
to prioritize our parasite proteins,
寄生虫のタンパク質に優先順位をつけ
the malaria parasite on a chip.
マラリア原虫を再現したのです
and we're very proud of that.
とても誇りに思っています
on over 100 antibody responses.
同時に収集しました
antibody response,
what might make a good malaria vaccine.
予測するためです
do to the parasite.
理解しようとしています
Is there synergy?
相乗効果があるのか?
a bit of one antibody won't be enough.
少量あるだけでは不十分と分かりました
concentrations of antibodies
必要なのかもしれません
kill the parasite in multiple ways,
寄生虫を殺すので
may not adequately reflect reality.
現実を十分反映できないかもしれません
in greater definition,
観察できているように
overcome this complexity.
どう克服するかの追究に力を入れています
the breakthroughs that we need
必要な突破口が開けて
through vaccination.
過去のものとできると信じています
are we actually to a malaria vaccine?
どれほど近づいていますか?
at the beginning of a process
what we need to put in the vaccine
調べ始めたところで
but we're getting there.
確実に近づいてはいます
tell me what does it stand for
どういう意味ですか?
大事なのですか?
Malaria Antigen Research Partnership.
「南南マラリア抗原研究連携」の略です
is referring to us in Africa,
in collaboration,
意味しています
and looking to Europe,
頼るのではありません
some strength within Africa.
かなり強い力があるからです
to develop a malaria vaccine,
という目標とは別に
of disease in Africa is high,
疾病の負担は大きく
to push the boundaries
mentioned this a little bit,
if there were a malaria vaccine?
実際どんな変化があるのでしょうか?
half a million lives every year.
12 billion US dollars a year.
年間120億ドルと推計されています
アフリカは豊かになるでしょう
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Faith Osier - Infectious disease doctorFaith Osier is studying how humans acquire immunity to malaria and developing new malaria vaccines.
Why you should listen
Faith Osier works to understand how humans acquire immunity to malaria and intends to use this knowledge to design highly effective vaccines. Her studies focus on infections with the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, which leads to nearly half a million deaths in Africa each year. She demonstrated that Kenyan children who did not get sick after a malaria infection had high levels of antibodies against combinations of specific proteins found within the parasite. Subsequently, her studies in immune African adults revealed that there were in fact many additional parasite proteins that could be considered for malaria vaccines. To verify her results, she designed a massive study involving children and adults from 15 different geographical locations in Africa. She designed KILchip, a custom protein microarray that enabled her team to analyze antibody responses to more than 100 intentionally selected malaria proteins in these human blood samples. Her research group also studies the mechanisms by which these antibodies kill malaria parasites.
Osier is a Professor of Malaria Immunology in the Nuffield Deptartment of Medicine at the University of Oxford, UK. She has two research laboratories: one in the Biosciences Deptartment of the KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme in Kilifi, Kenya, and the other in the Parasitology Deptartment of Heidelberg University Hospital in Heidelberg, Germany. She has won multiple awards for her work including the Royal Society Pfizer Award (UK) and the prestigious Sofja Kovalevskaja Award from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. She holds major research grants from the Wellcome Trust, is an MRC African Research Leader and an EDCTP Senior Fellow. She is also a fellow of the African Academy of Sciences, an advisor to the Executive Committee of the Federation of African Immunological Societies and the vice-president/president-elect of the International Union of Immunological Societies. She was named a TED Fellow in 2018. She is passionate about training African scientists to excel and deliver the medical interventions that are urgently needed on the continent.
Faith Osier | Speaker | TED.com