Christiane Amanpour: How to seek truth in the era of fake news
クリスティアン・アマンプール: フェイクニュース時代の真実の探し方
TV news legend Christiane Amanpour is known for her uncompromising approach to reporting and interviewing. Full bioChris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
great to have you here.
クリスティアンお迎えできて光栄です
that in the last few years,
developments that you're seeing.
to the earlier speakers,
これまでのスピーカーの話を聞きましたが
in what they've been saying:
cities, the threat to our environment
私たちの環境や生命への脅威について
understanding the truth
私たちの議論している事柄について
of what we're talking about
真実を理解したり
of the science on climate
with a handful of deniers,
ひと握りの否定論者達と
certainly this last year --
特に昨年は
in a way that's truly alarming
単にまき散らされるだけのスローガンから
to be thrown around.
between the truth and fake news,
見分けられなければ
difficult time trying to solve
切実な問題を解決するのが
in this question of,
あなたは長い間
what is impartiality,
公平とは何かという
reporting the Balkan Wars 25 years ago.
バルカン戦争を報道しました
よく知られています
one simply cannot be neutral about,
状況があり得る
aren't heeding that advice
バランスについての忠告を
objectivity is the golden rule.
客観性こそが黄金律です
what objectivity means.
理解できていない時があります
very young in my career,
この業界に入ったばかりの頃で
violation, not just of human rights,
cleansing and genocide,
不当行為の横行で
in the highest war crimes court
what we were seeing
非難されました
trying to tell one story.
非難です
was accused of siding with,
「イスラム教徒の側に立った」
who were being attacked
少数派のイスラム教徒が
accused of this.
忘れていたのかも知れないと悩みました
that what people wanted
何を求めていたかが分かり始めました
と求めていたのです
our democratically elected government's,
民主的に選ばれ 人権の価値と道義を掲げる
of human rights --
述べていた嘘は
that all sides are equally guilty,
民族間の憎悪感情に由来し
of ethnic hatred,
罪を負っていたとした事でした
わかっていました
slaughter and ethnically cleanse
始めたのだと分かっていたんです
giving all sides an equal hearing
等しく扱う事ではなく
or a factual equivalence.
作る事でもないと気付きました
that crisis point
of international and humanitarian law,
what you're seeing,
理解できないと
in the fake news paradigm,
捕らわれてしまうと
an accomplice to genocide.
拒否します
these propaganda battles,
いつでもありましたし
the stand you took back then.
ご自分の主張を堅持していました
of the free world,
in the entire world,
of the United States --
大統領のことがあります
country in the whole world,
経済的にも軍事的にも政治的にも
in every which way --
its values and power around the world.
世界に広めようとしています
who only seek the truth --
私たちジャーナリストは—
looking for the truth
in various parts of the world
世界の地域を訪れ
about things that are vitally important
accusing you of fake news,
フェイクニュースだと非難されたら
it starts to chip away
それが私たちの信頼性を
and maybe they're thinking,
恐らくこんな風に考えます
of the United States says that,
真実が含まれているかも知れない」
been critical of the media --
昔から常にメディアには批判的でした
looking at the avalanche of information
ツイッターやフェイスブックなどに投稿される
and Facebook and so forth,
than they've ever been.
健全な状態になった
will say what they'll say,
好き勝手な事を言うだろうが
what they will say.
How is there an extra danger?"
更なる危険が潜むというのは何故?」
upon which we get our information
プラットフォームの普及が
of truth and transparency
普及につながれば良かったと思います
the information superhighway,
and all the rest of it,
まだなかった頃に
into certain lanes and tunnels
決まった道に誘導してしまい
on areas of their own interest
that with algorithms, with logarithms,
アルゴリズム、ロガリズムなど
channels of information,
誘導してしまいます
about this phenomenon.
the internet came,
「インターネットがやって来た
our access to more democracy,
is incredibly dangerous.
信じがたいほど危険に思えるのです
of this country and you say things,
この国の大統領が発言すると
undemocratic countries the cover
私たちをさらに貶める―
and their own journalists --
フェイクニュースという棍棒で打ちのめすのです
is what happened, though,
何が起きたか ですが
media that you worked in
because they weren't credible,
排除されていましたが
for publication and for amplification
excitement, click,
is that part of what's caused the problem?
問題になっていると思いますか?
and we saw this in the election of 2016,
2016年の大統領選挙で目撃しましたが
was very sexy and very attractive,
目を引いて誘惑的でした
and fake news items
and by happenstance being put out there,
意図的に公開されたものです
in the creation of fake news
一連の産業が
存在していて
in real space and in cyberspace.
根を張っているわけです
to proliferate this stuff
音や光の速さで
or light, just about --
経験した事がないものです
such a massive amount of information
直面した経験はありませんでした
leads them to abide by the truth,
行動規範や職業倫理を堅持する―
and a code of professional ethics.
people who work at Facebook
フェイスブックやツイッター
知り合いがいると思います
with good intention --
優秀な人々のようです ―
of those companies,
話すとしたら
incredibly well-intentioned,
持っているのは確かで
an unbelievable, game-changing system,
画期的なシステムを構築しましたし
on this thing called Facebook.
だれでも繋がっています
economy for themselves
to wake up and smell the coffee
コーヒーを嗅ぎ
to us right now."
a global community.
世界的なコミュニティを作りたいと言います
community going to look like?
その世界的なコミュニティはどんなものか?
of conduct actually are.
知りたいと思います
he probably believed this --
そう信じていたのでしょうから ー
could be tinkering and messing around
考えるなんて馬鹿げている」
in the last few weeks?
a major problem in that regard,
and figure it out.
解決策を講じなくてはならなくなりました
what they can now
抑えなければなりませんが
for a long, long time.
長い間放置されて来ました
journalistic investigation --
アルゴリズムですね
but somehow, you know --
知りませんが
as a matter of warfare
by other means, of hybrid warfare.
ハイブリッド戦に長けています
where they've tried to interfere,
妨害工作が試みられましたが
right now, Emmanuel Macron,
エマニュエル・マクロンは
and confronted it head on,
非常に厳しい立場を取って
from some of this, isn't there?
of it is also about technology,
これはテクノロジーの問題であり
some kind of moral compass.
必要としているのです
but you know what I mean.
何を言いたいかは分かる筈です
with a moral compass --
でたらめ除外アルゴリズムが必要と?
moral technology.
それを機械に実装させるわけです
CA: You know what I mean.
(アマンプール)お分かりになりますね
with so many people across the world.
話す機会があったようですね
I don't know if others feel this --
ほかの人はどうかわかりませんが―
what's happened recently,
アウンサンスーチーです
bites the dust."
impressed by, inspired by?
影響を受けた人はいましたか?
the world in crisis,
危機的状況にあるという事では
immersed in this crisis --
私たちジャーナリストは
of a nervous breakdown.
vacuum of leadership,
リーダーシップの不在があります
I ask all these --
I ask about leadership.
リーダーシップについて尋ねます
president of Liberia today,
話していました
heads of an African country
任期を終え 権力を放棄する ―
after her prescribed term.
非常にまれな1人になるのです
to do that as a lesson.
示したかったのだと言いました
of certain names,
of the new French president,
エマニュエル・マクロンの
when I say his name?"
と聞いたら
埋めるリーダーになろうとしている」
leadership vacuum."
an interview with him.
機会がありました
It was great. It was yesterday.
saying that in an open forum,
正しいか分かりませんが
it was his first interview,
というだけかもしれませんが
and you know what?
どうだったと思います?
to-come-back-to-the-point.
renowned for doing,
発言を何度も遮る必要も
to answer the question.
I'm the listener.
私が聴き手です
nationalism and tribalism here today.
ナショナリズムと民族主義について話しました
to confront the prevailing winds
nationalism, populism
目撃した後
in the United States
ナショナリズム、ポピュリズムの
in many European elections
一体どこから湧いて来たのです?」
戦争を意味します
on my continent,
そのような時代を生きてきました
just for political expediency,
受け容れられたやり方で
common denominator
in other political elections.
受け入れるつもりはなかったのです
who is a very dangerous woman.
マリーヌ・ル・ペンと対峙しました
最後の質問です
into the minds of everyone here,
アイデアを植え付ける事ができるとしたら
where you get your information from;
細心の注意を払う事でしょう
for what you read, listen to and watch;
責任を持つ事です
brands to get your main information,
ブランドである事を確かめて下さい
a wide, eclectic intake,
ニュースを得られるとしても
names that you know,
情報を得るようにして下さい
at this moment right now,
our problems are so severe,
とても過酷であり
as global citizens
真実を尊重し
empirical evidence and facts,
取り組まない限り
going to be wandering along
to Emmanuel Macron
enough love going around.
is the subject of global obsession."
と言いました
or an elected leader about love.
愛について聞く事はありませんでした
he actually answered it.
彼は真摯に答えたんですよ
she is part of me,
妻は私の一部なのです
to have somebody at home
家にいる事がとても重要なのです」
It's all about the truth.
真実が大切という事です
Ideas worth spreading.
広める価値のあるアイデア
so much. That was great.
素晴らしいお話でした
CH: That was really lovely.
(アンダーソン)とても素晴らしかった
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Christiane Amanpour - JournalistTV news legend Christiane Amanpour is known for her uncompromising approach to reporting and interviewing.
Why you should listen
Christiane Amanpour is CNN's chief international correspondent and anchor of the global a airs program "Amanpour," broadcast from the television network's London bureau. She's covered the most relevant conflicts of the last decades, exposing both the brutality and human cost of war and its geopolitical impacts. From the 1991 Gulf War to the siege of Sarajevo (the city later named her honorary citizen), from the 2003 American-led invasion of Iraq to the trial of Saddam Hussein the following year, Amanpour's fearless and uncompromising approach has made her popular with audiences, and a force to be reckoned with by global influencers.
During the Balkan wars, Amanpour famously broke with the idea of journalism neutrality by calling out human right abuses and saying that "there are some situations one simply cannot be neutral about, because when you are neutral you are an accomplice." Since her interview show "Amanpour" was launched in 2009, she's spoken to leaders and decision makers on the issues affecting the world today while continuing reporting from all over the world, including the 2010 earthquake in Haiti and the 2011 tsunami in Japan.
Christiane Amanpour | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.
Why you should listen
Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.
Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.
Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.
Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.
This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.
He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.
In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.
Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com