Christiane Amanpour: How to seek truth in the era of fake news
Christiane Amanpour: Como procurar a verdade na era das notícias falsas
TV news legend Christiane Amanpour is known for her uncompromising approach to reporting and interviewing. Full bioChris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Christiane, é ótimo ter-te aqui.
great to have you here.
que, nos últimos anos,
that in the last few years,
desenvolvimento alarmante.
developments that you're seeing.
Bem, escutando os oradores anteriores,
to the earlier speakers,
in what they've been saying:
cities, the threat to our environment
ao ambiente e à nossa vida.
understanding the truth
ao entendimento da verdade
do que estamos a falar
of what we're talking about
da ciência sobre o clima
of the science on climate
quase da mesma forma,
with a handful of deniers,
que dizem que não é verdade,
certainly this last year --
in a way that's truly alarming
de uma forma verdadeiramente alarmante
to be thrown around.
para ser lançado para o ar.
between the truth and fake news,
entre notícias verdadeiras e falsas,
em tentar resolver
difficult time trying to solve
importantes que enfrentamos.
nesta questão
in this question of,
imparcialidade,
what is impartiality,
reporting the Balkan Wars 25 years ago.
as Guerras dos Balcãs há 25 anos.
dos direitos humanos, disseste:
one simply cannot be neutral about,
simplesmente, não podemos ser neutros,
não seguem esse conselho
aren't heeding that advice
a objetividade é a regra de ouro.
objectivity is the golden rule.
o que significa a objetividade.
what objectivity means.
very young in my career,
Foi há cerca de 25 anos.
não só dos direitos humanos,
violation, not just of human rights,
étnica e genocídio.
cleansing and genocide,
in the highest war crimes court
de crimes de guerra do mundo inteiro.
o que estávamos a ver.
what we were seeing
o que estávamos a ver
apenas um lado da história.
trying to tell one story.
was accused of siding with,
particular e pessoalmente,
dos cidadãos de Sarajevo
que estava a ser atacada
who were being attacked
accused of this.
o que era objetividade.
that what people wanted
que o que as pessoas queriam
nessa altura,
our democratically elected government's,
o nosso governo democraticamente eleito,
dos direitos humanos —
of human rights --
that all sides are equally guilty,
que ambos os lados eram culpados,
de ódio étnico,
of ethnic hatred,
que isso não era verdade,
slaughter and ethnically cleanse
o outro lado.
giving all sides an equal hearing
dar a todas as partes
e serem ouvidas,
de forma igualitária,
ou factual forçada.
or a factual equivalence.
that crisis point
of international and humanitarian law,
da lei internacional e humanitária,
what you're seeing,
das notícias falsas,
in the fake news paradigm,
de genocídio.
an accomplice to genocide.
essas batalhas de propaganda,
these propaganda battles,
the stand you took back then.
que tomaste na altura.
totalmente diferente
se estão a tornar falsas.
of the free world,
in the entire world,
of the United States --
e poderoso do mundo,
country in the whole world,
em todas as áreas —
in every which way --
ao resto do mundo.
its values and power around the world.
que apenas procuramos a verdade
who only seek the truth --
à procura da verdade
looking for the truth
os olhos e ouvidos de todos,
ir a certas partes do mundo
in various parts of the world
em assuntos de importância vital
about things that are vitally important
accusing you of fake news,
nos acusa de notícias falsas,
it starts to chip away
e talvez pensem:
and maybe they're thinking,
of the United States says that,
been critical of the media --
muito críticos dos "media"...
looking at the avalanche of information
a olhar para a avalanche de informações
and Facebook and so forth,
than they've ever been.
têm mais força do que tinham.
will say what they'll say,
irão dizer o que dizem,
what they will say.
pode dizer o que quiser.
How is there an extra danger?"
"Onde é que há um risco extra?"
upon which we get our information
onde encontramos as nossas informações
of truth and transparency
da verdade e da transparência
confesso.
the information superhighway,
da rapidez de propagação das informações,
and all the rest of it,
e de tudo o resto,
into certain lanes and tunnels
para certos caminhos
apenas nas áreas que lhes interessassem
on areas of their own interest
that with algorithms, with logarithms,
com algoritmos e logaritmos,
channels of information,
certos caminhos de informação,
about this phenomenon.
sobre este fenómeno.
the internet came,
chegou a Internet,
our access to more democracy,
aumentar exponencialmente
a mais informações,
is incredibly dangerous.
é incrivelmente perigoso.
of this country and you say things,
deste país diz coisas,
undemocratic countries the cover
de outros países não-democráticos
and their own journalists --
com esta quantidade de notícias falsas.
is what happened, though,
media that you worked in
em que trabalhaste
because they weren't credible,
por não serem credíveis,
for publication and for amplification
para a publicação e a propagação
excitement, click,
a excitação, o clicar,
is that part of what's caused the problem?
and we saw this in the election of 2016,
e vimos isso nas eleições de 2016,
was very sexy and very attractive,
foi muito atraente,
and fake news items
e coisas falsas
and by happenstance being put out there,
e a serem publicadas por acaso.
in the creation of fake news
à criação de notícias falsas
em todo o lado,
in real space and in cyberspace.
no espaço físico e no ciberespaço.
to proliferate this stuff
proliferar estas coisas
or light, just about --
ou algo do género,
such a massive amount of information
tamanha quantidade de informações
leads them to abide by the truth,
os obriga a estar do lado da verdade,
and a code of professional ethics.
e um código de ética profissionais.
outras que trabalham para o Facebook
people who work at Facebook
with good intention --
com boas intenções,
dessas empresas,
of those companies,
que são pessoas bem intencionadas
incredibly well-intentioned,
um sistema incrível que mudou a realidade,
an unbelievable, game-changing system,
on this thing called Facebook.
estão conectadas nessa coisa do Facebook.
economy for themselves
e uma receita brutal para si mesmos.
to wake up and smell the coffee
e sentirem o cheiro do café,
neste preciso momento."
to us right now."
uma comunidade global.
a global community.
community going to look like?
que será essa comunidade.
of conduct actually are.
os códigos de conduta dessa comunidade.
he probably believed this --
se calhar ele acredita nisso —
could be tinkering and messing around
poderiam interferir desta forma.
in the last few weeks?
nas últimas semanas?
relacionado com esta questão
a major problem in that regard,
and figure it out.
e percebido.
what they can now
durante demasiado tempo.
for a long, long time.
no que toca à tecnologia,
journalistic investigation --
investigação jornalística?
but somehow, you know --
mas que, de alguma forma,
que são plantadas
as a matter of warfare
por uma questão de guerra.
by other means, of hybrid warfare.
por outros meios, de uma guerra mista.
where they've tried to interfere,
eles tentaram interferir,
Emmanuel Macron,
right now, Emmanuel Macron,
e enfrentou o problema,
and confronted it head on,
from some of this, isn't there?
em relação a isto, não há?
Já fomos enganados uma vez,
mas não três vezes.
of it is also about technology,
com a tecnologia,
some kind of moral compass.
algo como um guia moral.
but you know what I mean.
mas percebes o que digo.
with a moral compass --
que filtre o que não presta
CA: Não, "tecnologia moral".
moral technology.
tecnologia moral.
CA: You know what I mean.
CA: Tu entendeste-me.
com muitas pessoas em todo o mundo.
with so many people across the world.
não sei se mais alguém sente o mesmo —
I don't know if others feel this --
what's happened recently,
— como aconteceu recentemente —
bites the dust."
que te tenha impressionado, inspirado?
impressed by, inspired by?
the world in crisis,
em que o mundo está,
immersed in this crisis --
no meio dessa crise,
de um esgotamento nervoso.
of a nervous breakdown.
vacuum of leadership,
na liderança.
I ask all these --
eu pergunto a todos,
I ask about leadership.
sobre liderança.
president of Liberia today,
com a extrovertida presidente da Libéria,
heads of an African country
de um país africano
after her prescribed term.
terminar o tempo estipulado.
to do that as a lesson.
como uma lição.
of certain names,
of the new French president,
do novo presidente francês,
when I say his name?"
"O que pensa quando digo o nome dele?"
leadership vacuum."
an interview with him.
que fiz a sua primeira entrevista.
It was great. It was yesterday.
aberto, mas fiquei muito impressionada.
saying that in an open forum,
entrevista internacional
it was his first interview,
and you know what?
e sabes que mais?
to-come-back-to-the-point.
algo que é me muito característico
renowned for doing,
to answer the question.
que as pessoas respondam à pergunta.
I'm the listener.
de nacionalismo e tribalismo.
nationalism and tribalism here today.
"Como é que teve a coragem de enfrentar
to confront the prevailing winds
do nacionalismo, do populismo
nationalism, populism
in the United States
das eleições europeias no início de 2017?"
in many European elections
quer dizer guerra.
on my continent,
just for political expediency,
apenas por conveniência política,
common denominator
in other political elections.
noutras eleições políticas.
who is a very dangerous woman.
que é uma mulher bastante perigosa.
que devem ser partilhadas.
into the minds of everyone here,
na cabeça de todas as pessoas aqui
where you get your information from;
aonde vão buscar as informações;
for what you read, listen to and watch;
que leem, que escutam e que observam.
brands to get your main information,
as informações de fontes fiáveis,
a wide, eclectic intake,
um conhecimento vasto e eclético,
que melhor conhecem,
names that you know,
at this moment right now,
no mundo de agora,
our problems are so severe,
os nossos problemas são tão graves
as global citizens
comprometidos como cidadãos globais
empirical evidence and facts,
evidências e factos empíricos,
going to be wandering along
to Emmanuel Macron
com Emmanuel Macron
enough love going around.
à nossa volta.
is the subject of global obsession."
é tema de obsessão global."
O que significa para si?"
a um presidente ou dirigente
or an elected leader about love.
he actually answered it.
she is part of me,
ela faz parte de mim,
to have somebody at home
ter alguém em casa
It's all about the truth.
Tudo se resume à verdade.
Ideas worth spreading.
Ideias que merecem serem partilhadas.
so much. That was great.
Foi ótimo ter-te aqui.
CH: That was really lovely.
CH: Foi muito agradável ter-te aqui.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Christiane Amanpour - JournalistTV news legend Christiane Amanpour is known for her uncompromising approach to reporting and interviewing.
Why you should listen
Christiane Amanpour is CNN's chief international correspondent and anchor of the global a airs program "Amanpour," broadcast from the television network's London bureau. She's covered the most relevant conflicts of the last decades, exposing both the brutality and human cost of war and its geopolitical impacts. From the 1991 Gulf War to the siege of Sarajevo (the city later named her honorary citizen), from the 2003 American-led invasion of Iraq to the trial of Saddam Hussein the following year, Amanpour's fearless and uncompromising approach has made her popular with audiences, and a force to be reckoned with by global influencers.
During the Balkan wars, Amanpour famously broke with the idea of journalism neutrality by calling out human right abuses and saying that "there are some situations one simply cannot be neutral about, because when you are neutral you are an accomplice." Since her interview show "Amanpour" was launched in 2009, she's spoken to leaders and decision makers on the issues affecting the world today while continuing reporting from all over the world, including the 2010 earthquake in Haiti and the 2011 tsunami in Japan.
Christiane Amanpour | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.
Why you should listen
Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.
Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.
Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.
Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.
This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.
He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.
In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.
Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com