ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Christiane Amanpour - Journalist
TV news legend Christiane Amanpour is known for her uncompromising approach to reporting and interviewing.

Why you should listen

Christiane Amanpour is CNN's chief international correspondent and anchor of the global a airs program "Amanpour," broadcast from the television network's London bureau. She's covered the most relevant conflicts of the last decades, exposing both the brutality and human cost of war and its geopolitical impacts. From the 1991 Gulf War to the siege of Sarajevo (the city later named her honorary citizen), from the 2003 American-led invasion of Iraq to the trial of Saddam Hussein the following year, Amanpour's fearless and uncompromising approach has made her popular with audiences, and a force to be reckoned with by global influencers.

During the Balkan wars, Amanpour famously broke with the idea of journalism neutrality by calling out human right abuses and saying that "there are some situations one simply cannot be neutral about, because when you are neutral you are an accomplice." Since her interview show "Amanpour" was launched in 2009, she's spoken to leaders and decision makers on the issues affecting the world today while continuing reporting from all over the world, including the 2010 earthquake in Haiti and the 2011 tsunami in Japan.

More profile about the speaker
Christiane Amanpour | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal>NYC

Christiane Amanpour: How to seek truth in the era of fake news

克里斯蒂安·阿曼普: 如何在虚假新闻的时代找寻真相

Filmed:
1,615,954 views

在全世界以她的勇气和明确闻名,克里斯蒂安·阿曼普在过去三十年间采访了那些塑造了历史的商业、文化和政治领导人。在和TED策划者克里斯·安德森的对话中,阿曼普谈论了关于虚假新闻,在新闻业界的客观性,在全球政治界领导力的真空,以及更多内容。在这些谈话中她给我们分享了她的智慧。“对于你是从哪里得到的信息要小心,”她说。“除非我们都以懂得科学、证据和事实的全球公民的身份一起参与其中,否则我们只会落入到潜在的巨大灾难中。”
- Journalist
TV news legend Christiane Amanpour is known for her uncompromising approach to reporting and interviewing. Full bio - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Chis克丽丝 Anderson安德森: Christiane克里斯蒂娜,
great to have you here.
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克里斯·安德森:克莉丝蒂安,
很高兴你今天能来。
你有个很棒的观点,
00:15
So you've had this amazing惊人 viewpoint观点,
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00:17
and perhaps也许 it's fair公平 to say
that in the last few少数 years年份,
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也许可以这么说,
在过去的几年间,
你目睹了一些令人惊讶的发展。
00:20
there have been some alarming惊人
developments发展 that you're seeing眼看.
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你最惊讶的是什么?
00:24
What's alarmed惊慌 you most?
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克莉丝蒂安·阿曼普:
听了前几位讲者的演说,
00:25
Christiane克里斯蒂娜 Amanpour阿曼普尔: Well, just listening
to the earlier speakers音箱,
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我可以用他们的话来说:
00:28
I can frame it
in what they've他们已经 been saying:
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气候改变,比如说——
城市,对我们环境的威胁
00:31
climate气候 change更改, for instance --
cities城市, the threat威胁 to our environment环境
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以及对我们的生命的威胁。
00:34
and our lives生活.
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00:36
It basically基本上 also boils down to
understanding理解 the truth真相
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这基本上是说如果我们想要真正解决它,
00:40
and to be able能够 to get to the truth真相
of what we're talking about
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我们就要去理解事实,
要能够从我们的
谈话内容中探究出真相。
00:43
in order订购 to really be able能够 to solve解决 it.
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00:45
So if 99.9 percent百分
of the science科学 on climate气候
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因此假如在气候科学上,99.9%的证据
是实证性的,科学的证据,
00:49
is empirical经验, scientific科学 evidence证据,
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但是仍充斥着等量的反面否认信息,
00:52
but it's competing竞争 almost几乎 equally一样
with a handful少数 of deniers否认,
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但那不是事实;
00:57
that is not the truth真相;
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那是虚假信息的缩影。
00:58
that is the epitome缩影 of fake news新闻.
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因此在我看来,过去的几年——
尤其是去年——
01:01
And so for me, the last few少数 years年份 --
certainly当然 this last year --
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01:06
has crystallized结晶 the notion概念 of fake news新闻
in a way that's truly alarming惊人
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正以一种真正令人震惊的方式
将虚假新闻的定义清晰化,
01:10
and not just some slogan口号
to be thrown抛出 around.
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而不仅仅是漫天抛出
一些空洞的标语。
01:13
Because when you can't distinguish区分
between之间 the truth真相 and fake news新闻,
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因为当你不能区分
事实和虚假新闻的时候,
01:17
you have a very much more
difficult time trying to solve解决
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你会在尝试去解决
一些我们所面临的重大问题时,
经历更大的困难。
01:21
some of the great issues问题 that we face面对.
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CA:你参与到一些问题,
01:24
CACA: Well, you've been involved参与
in this question of,
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例如什么是平衡,什么是真实,
什么是公正,
01:27
what is balance平衡, what is truth真相,
what is impartiality公正性,
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有很长时间了。
01:30
for a long time.
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01:32
You were on the front面前 lines线
reporting报告 the Balkan巴尔干 Wars战争 25 years年份 ago.
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25年前你在巴尔干战争的前线做报道。
01:38
And back then, you famously著名 said,
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那个时候,通过呼吁对人权侵犯的关注,
01:41
by calling调用 out human人的 right abuses滥用,
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你说了一句很有名的话,
01:44
you said, "Look, there are some situations情况
one simply只是 cannot不能 be neutral中性 about,
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你说:“看,有一些情况人们
无法对其持中立态度,
因为当你中立的时候,
01:48
because when you're neutral中性,
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你便成为帮凶。”
01:49
you are an accomplice同案犯."
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01:53
So, do you feel that today's今天的 journalists记者
aren't heeding抽穗灌浆 that advice忠告
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那么,你觉得如今的记者
没有在留意
那个关于平衡的建议?
01:58
about balance平衡?
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CA:是这样的,
我觉得身为记者,客观是黄金法则。
01:59
CACA: Well, look, I think for journalists记者,
objectivity客观性 is the golden金色 rule规则.
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但是我认为有时候
我们不明白客观意味着什么。
02:03
But I think sometimes有时 we don't understand理解
what objectivity客观性 means手段.
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事实上在我事业的初期,
我就认识到了,
02:08
And I actually其实 learned学到了 this very,
very young年轻 in my career事业,
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也就是在巴尔干战争期间。
02:11
which哪一个 was during the Balkan巴尔干 Wars战争.
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那是我很年轻。
02:12
I was young年轻 then.
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大约25年前。
02:14
It was about 25 years年份 ago.
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我们所面临的是全面的侵犯,
不仅是人权侵犯,
02:16
And what we faced面对 was the wholesale批发
violation违反, not just of human人的 rights权利,
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而是种族清洗和种族灭绝。
02:22
but all the way to ethnic民族
cleansing净化 and genocide种族灭绝,
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那已经在世界的
02:25
and that has been adjudicated裁决
in the highest最高 war战争 crimes犯罪 court法庭
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最高战争犯罪法庭做了裁决。
02:29
in the world世界.
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所以我们了解我们所看到的。
02:30
So, we know what we were seeing眼看.
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试着告诉全世界
我们所看到的,
02:32
Trying to tell the world世界
what we were seeing眼看
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给我们带来了偏见的指责,
02:34
brought us accusations指责 of bias偏压,
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比如片面性,
02:37
of siding侧线 with one side,
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没有看到整体,
02:39
of not seeing眼看 the whole整个 side,
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仅仅是尝试着
去述说一个故事。
02:41
and just, you know,
trying to tell one story故事.
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我尤其是被个人地指责站在,
02:43
I particularly尤其 and personally亲自
was accused被告 of siding侧线 with,
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比如就像,塞拉耶佛的人们——
02:48
for instance, the citizens公民 of Sarajevo萨拉热窝 --
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"站在穆斯林这一边,"
02:50
"siding侧线 with the Muslims穆斯林,"
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因为他们是被塞尔维亚
02:51
because they were the minority少数民族
who were being存在 attacked袭击
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02:54
by Christians基督徒 on the Serb塞尔维亚 side
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那边的基督徒
攻击的少数群体。
02:58
in this area.
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这让我很担心。
03:00
And it worried担心 me.
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我担心我因为这个受到指责。
03:01
It worried担心 me that I was being存在
accused被告 of this.
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我想过也许我错了,
03:03
I thought maybe I was wrong错误,
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也许我忘记了什么是客观。
03:05
maybe I'd forgotten忘记了 what objectivity客观性 was.
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然后我开始明白人们想要的,
03:07
But then I started开始 to understand理解
that what people wanted
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实际上是不采取
任何行动——
03:10
was actually其实 not to do anything --
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不要深入涉及,
03:12
not to step in,
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不要去改变局势,
03:13
not to change更改 the situation情况,
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不要去找到解决方法。
03:15
not to find a solution.
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03:16
And so, their fake news新闻 at that time,
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如此一来,在那时候的虚假新闻,
那时候人们的谎言——
03:19
their lie谎言 at that time --
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03:20
including包含 our government's政府的,
our democratically民主地 elected当选 government's政府的,
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包括我们政府的,
我们民主选举出的政府,
03:24
with values and principles原则
of human人的 rights权利 --
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有着人权价值观
和原则的政府——
03:26
their lie谎言 was to say
that all sides双方 are equally一样 guilty有罪,
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他们的谎言是说
所有的立场都同等地有罪,
03:30
that this has been centuries百年
of ethnic民族 hatred,
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种族的仇恨延续了数百年,
03:32
whereas we knew知道 that wasn't true真正,
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然而我们知道那是不真实的,
即一方决定去杀害
屠杀和种族清洗
03:34
that one side had decided决定 to kill,
slaughter屠宰 and ethnically种族 cleanse洁净
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另一方。
03:38
another另一个 side.
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对于我来说,那个时候,
03:39
So that is where, for me,
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我明白了客观意味着
给予所有的立场同等的听证机会,
03:41
I understood了解 that objectivity客观性 means手段
giving all sides双方 an equal等于 hearing听力
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和所有立场方交谈,
03:46
and talking to all sides双方,
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而不是同等地对待所有立场,
03:48
but not treating治疗 all sides双方 equally一样,
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不是去创造一个强迫的道德平等性,
或是一个事实的平等性。
03:52
not creating创建 a forced被迫 moral道德 equivalence等价
or a factual事实 equivalence等价.
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当你站在那个危机点的
反对立场,
03:57
And when you come up against反对
that crisis危机 point
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站在对国际法和人权法的
严重侵犯的立场的时候,
04:01
in situations情况 of grave violations违规
of international国际 and humanitarian人道主义 law,
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04:07
if you don't understand理解
what you're seeing眼看,
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如果你不明白你所看到的,
如果你不明白事实的真相,
04:09
if you don't understand理解 the truth真相
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当你陷入在虚假新闻的
模式里面的时候,
04:11
and if you get trapped被困
in the fake news新闻 paradigm范例,
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那么你成为了一个同谋。
04:15
then you are an accomplice同案犯.
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04:17
And I refuse垃圾 to be
an accomplice同案犯 to genocide种族灭绝.
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我拒绝成为种族灭绝的同谋。
04:20
(Applause掌声)
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(观众掌声)
04:26
CHCH: So there have always been
these propaganda宣传 battles战斗,
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CH: 这种宣传战争的行为总在进行着,
而你在是很勇敢地
站在你选择的立场。
04:29
and you were courageous勇敢 in taking服用
the stand you took back then.
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04:33
Today今天, there's a whole整个 new way, though虽然,
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然而现今,我们有全新的方式,
新闻似乎在变得虚假。
04:37
in which哪一个 news新闻 seems似乎 to be becoming变得 fake.
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你如何将它们特征化?
04:39
How would you characterize表征 that?
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CA: 首先——我是非常警觉的。
04:41
CACA: Well, look -- I am really alarmed惊慌.
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我所看到的每处,
04:43
And everywhere到处 I look,
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都受到了一定的打击。
04:45
you know, we're buffeted挨打 by it.
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显然,当自由世界的领导,
04:47
Obviously明显, when the leader领导
of the free自由 world世界,
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当整个世界最有力量的人,
04:49
when the most powerful强大 person
in the entire整个 world世界,
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那是美国的总统——
04:52
which哪一个 is the president主席
of the United联合的 States状态 --
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而这是全世界最重要的,
最有力量的国家,
04:54
this is the most important重要, most powerful强大
country国家 in the whole整个 world世界,
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在经济上,军事上,政治上,
在每一方面——
04:59
economically经济, militarily军事, politically政治上
in every一切 which哪一个 way --
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而且它很显然地在世界范围内
不断推行它的价值观。
05:04
and it seeks寻求 to, obviously明显, promote促进
its values and power功率 around the world世界.
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那么我们作为记者,
只是寻求真相——
05:09
So we journalists记者,
who only seek寻求 the truth真相 --
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我是说,那是我们的使命——
05:13
I mean, that is our mission任务 --
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我们在全世界范围内寻找真相,
05:15
we go around the world世界
looking for the truth真相
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05:17
in order订购 to be everybody's每个人的 eyes眼睛 and ears耳朵,
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以此来成为每个人的
目击者和聆听者,
为那些不能够去到世界不同地方的人,
05:19
people who can't go out
in various各个 parts部分 of the world世界
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去找寻对每个人的健康和安全
05:21
to figure数字 out what's going on
about things that are vitally至关重要 important重要
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极其重要的真相。
05:25
to everybody's每个人的 health健康 and security安全.
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所以当一个重要的世界领导人
指责你制造虚假新闻的时候,
05:27
So when you have a major重大的 world世界 leader领导
accusing指责 you of fake news新闻,
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05:33
it has an exponential指数 ripple波纹 effect影响.
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这有着巨大的连锁反应。
05:37
And what it does is,
it starts启动 to chip芯片 away
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它开始削减,
05:42
at not just our credibility可信性,
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不仅仅是对我们的信任度,
05:45
but at people's人们 minds头脑 --
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而且还有人们的大脑——
当人们看着我们的时候,
也许他们在想,
05:48
people who look at us,
and maybe they're thinking思维,
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“如果美国总统那样说了,
05:50
"Well, if the president主席
of the United联合的 States状态 says that,
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也许某处存在着几分事实。”
05:53
maybe somewhere某处 there's a truth真相 in there."
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05:56
CHCH: Presidents总统 have always
been critical危急 of the media媒体 --
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CH: 总统们总是对
媒体存在批判的——
06:00
CACA: Not in this way.
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CA: 不是以这个方式。
06:01
CHCH: So, to what extent程度 --
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CH: 那么到什么程度上——
(观众笑声)
06:03
(Laughter笑声)
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(观众掌声)
06:04
(Applause掌声)
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CH: 我是说,几年前看着这雪崩般的信息
06:07
CHCH: I mean, someone有人 a couple一对 years年份 ago
looking at the avalanche雪崩 of information信息
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涌现在推特和脸书上的时候,
06:14
pouring浇注 through通过 Twitter推特
and FacebookFacebook的 and so forth向前,
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人们也许会说,
06:17
might威力 have said,
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“看,我们的民主变得前所未有的健康。
06:19
"Look, our democracies民主 are healthier健康
than they've他们已经 ever been.
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我们有前所未有的大量的信息。
06:21
There's more news新闻 than ever.
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当然总统会说他们想要说的,
06:23
Of course课程 presidents总统
will say what they'll他们会 say,
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但其他人可以说他们想要说的。
06:25
but everyone大家 else其他 can say
what they will say.
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那么区别是什么?
为什么这就有了额外的危险?”
06:28
What's not to like?
How is there an extra额外 danger危险?"
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CA: 我希望那是真实的。
06:32
CACA: So, I wish希望 that was true真正.
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06:34
I wish希望 that the proliferation增殖 of platforms平台
upon which哪一个 we get our information信息
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我希望我们获取信息的平台的增加
意味着事实和透明度的增加,
06:41
meant意味着 that there was a proliferation增殖
of truth真相 and transparency透明度
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以及深度和准确性的增加。
06:45
and depth深度 and accuracy准确性.
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但我认为相反的情况发生了。
06:46
But I think the opposite对面 has happened发生.
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你知道,我有一点路德主义,
06:49
You know, I'm a little bit of a Luddite勒德,
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我承认这一点。
06:51
I will confess承认.
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06:53
Even when we started开始 to talk about
the information信息 superhighway超级公路,
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即使当我们很久之前开始谈论
信息高速公路的时候,
06:56
which哪一个 was a long time ago,
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那在社交网络之前,推特和
所有其它这些东西之前,
06:58
before social社会 media媒体, Twitter推特
and all the rest休息 of it,
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我实际上是真的很害怕
07:00
I was actually其实 really afraid害怕
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那将会把人们置身于
特定的道路和隧道里面,
07:02
that that would put people
into certain某些 lanes车道 and tunnels隧道
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使得他们仅仅专注在
他们自己感兴趣的的领域,
07:06
and have them just focusing调焦
on areas of their own拥有 interest利益
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而看不到更广的画面。
07:11
instead代替 of seeing眼看 the broad广阔 picture图片.
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我害怕地说
按照那种算法,
07:13
And I'm afraid害怕 to say
that with algorithms算法, with logarithms对数,
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无论是以什么方式,
07:18
with whatever随你 the "-ithms-ithms" are
144
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那将领导我们去到所有这些
特定的信息渠道,
07:19
that direct直接 us into all these particular特定
channels渠道 of information信息,
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那似乎是现在正在发生的。
07:24
that seems似乎 to be happening事件 right now.
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07:25
I mean, people have written书面
about this phenomenon现象.
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我是说,人们描写了这些现象。
人们说,是的,
网络世纪来临,
07:28
People have said that yes,
the internet互联网 came来了,
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它带来的是大量的对于更加
民主的获取,
07:30
its promise诺言 was to exponentially成倍 explode爆炸
our access访问 to more democracy民主,
149
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更多的信息,
07:36
more information信息,
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更少的偏见,
07:38
less bias偏压,
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更多样化的信息。
07:40
more varied多变 information信息.
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实际上,相反的情况发生了。
07:42
And, in fact事实, the opposite对面 has happened发生.
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那对于我来说是相当危险的。
07:44
And so that, for me,
is incredibly令人难以置信 dangerous危险.
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回到那一点上,当你是这个国家的总统,
你在说一些事情的时候,
07:48
And again, when you are the president主席
of this country国家 and you say things,
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它同时也在为其它
不民主的国家做掩护,
07:53
it also gives leaders领导者 in other
undemocratic不民主 countries国家 the cover
156
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08:00
to affront冒犯 us even worse更差,
157
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去更加地冒犯我们,
而且用这个虚假新闻的棍棒,
真正打击我们——
08:02
and to really whack重打 us --
and their own拥有 journalists记者 --
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和他们的记者。
08:05
with this bludgeon打棍子 of fake news新闻.
159
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CH: 这在某种程度上已经发生,
08:08
CHCH: To what extent程度
is what happened发生, though虽然,
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部分上,仅仅是无心的后果,
08:10
in part部分, just an unintended意外 consequence后果,
161
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你曾经工作的传统意义上的媒体,
08:12
that the traditional传统
media媒体 that you worked工作 in
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有这个策划调节的角色,
08:15
had this curation-mediation策展调解 role角色,
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一些特定的规定是必须的,
08:17
where certain某些 norms规范 were observed观察到的,
164
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一些故事会被否决,
因为它们不可信,
08:19
certain某些 stories故事 would be rejected拒绝
because they weren't credible可信的,
165
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3153
但是现在发表和传播的标准
08:22
but now that the standard标准
for publication出版物 and for amplification放大
166
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仅仅是兴趣,关注,
兴奋,点击。
08:28
is just interest利益, attention注意,
excitement激动, click点击,
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“它有没有被点击?”
08:32
"Did it get clicked点击 on?"
168
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“发布出去!”
08:33
"Send发送 it out there!"
169
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1155
那是所谓的——
那是所引起的问题的一部分吗?
08:34
and that's what's --
is that part部分 of what's caused造成 the problem问题?
170
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CA: 我认为这是一个大问题,
我们看到了2016年的大选,
08:38
CACA: I think it's a big problem问题,
and we saw this in the election选举 of 2016,
171
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关于“标题党”这个概念,
是非常性感和吸引人的,
08:41
where the idea理念 of "clickbaitclickbait"
was very sexy性感的 and very attractive有吸引力,
172
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那么所有这些虚假新闻网站和虚假的内容
08:46
and so all these fake news新闻 sites网站
and fake news新闻 items项目
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不仅仅是胡乱地,
而且是偶然地被发布出去,
08:51
were not just haphazardly胡乱
and by happenstance偶然 being存在 put out there,
174
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有整个行业都在制造虚假新闻,
08:55
there's been a whole整个 industry行业
in the creation创建 of fake news新闻
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在东欧的一部分,或者其它地方,
08:59
in parts部分 of Eastern Europe欧洲, wherever哪里,
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都在真实的空间以及网络空间中生根。
09:02
and you know, it's planted种植的
in real真实 space空间 and in cyberspace网络空间.
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所以我也在想,
09:06
So I think that, also,
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我们科技以声速或者光速
09:08
the ability能力 of our technology技术
to proliferate增生 this stuff东东
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扩散这样东西的能力——
09:13
at the speed速度 of sound声音
or light, just about --
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这种事我们从来没有面对过。
09:17
we've我们已经 never faced面对 that before.
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而且我们从来没有面对过
这样庞大的信息量,
09:19
And we've我们已经 never faced面对
such这样 a massive大规模的 amount of information信息
182
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而这些信息不是被
09:24
which哪一个 is not curated策划
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那些职业记者去捍卫真相,
09:25
by those whose谁的 profession职业
leads引线 them to abide遵守 by the truth真相,
184
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去做事实调查,
09:31
to fact-check其实检查
185
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1202
去维护一个操守准则
和一个职业道德的守则。
09:32
and to maintain保持 a code of conduct进行
and a code of professional专业的 ethics伦理.
186
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4834
09:37
CHCH: Many许多 people here may可能 know
people who work at FacebookFacebook的
187
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CH: 在座的很多人认识那些在脸书
或者推特以及谷歌工作的人。
09:40
or Twitter推特 and Google谷歌 and so on.
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2324
他们似乎都是很棒的人,
有着好的意图——
09:42
They all seem似乎 like great people
with good intention意向 --
189
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3132
让我们姑且这样说。
09:46
let's assume承担 that.
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1380
如果你能够和这些
公司的领导者对话,
09:47
If you could speak说话 with the leaders领导者
of those companies公司,
191
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3675
09:51
what would you say to them?
192
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你会对他们说些什么?
CA: 你知道吗——
09:52
CACA: Well, you know what --
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我确定他们都
有着极度良好的意图,
09:54
I'm sure they are
incredibly令人难以置信 well-intentioned用心良苦,
194
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2344
而且他们绝对是发展了
一个令人难以置信的,有突破性的系统,
09:56
and they certainly当然 developed发达
an unbelievable难以置信的, game-changing改变游戏规则 system系统,
195
584627
5218
10:01
where everybody's每个人的 connected连接的
on this thing called FacebookFacebook的.
196
589869
3211
在那个系统里每个人都通过脸书相关联。
10:05
And they've他们已经 created创建 a massive大规模的
economy经济 for themselves他们自己
197
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他们为他们自己
创造了一个巨大的经济体,
以及令人惊叹的收入。
10:08
and an amazing惊人 amount of income收入.
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10:11
I would just say,
199
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我会说,
“大伙们,你们知道,是时候醒来认清事实了。
10:12
"Guys, you know, it's time
to wake唤醒 up and smell the coffee咖啡
200
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4234
10:17
and look at what's happening事件
to us right now."
201
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2702
然后看看现在正在发生的事情。”
马克·扎克伯格想要创造
一个全球性的社区。
10:19
Mark标记 Zuckerberg扎克伯格 wants to create创建
a global全球 community社区.
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我想知道:那个全球社区
将会看起来是什么样子的?
10:22
I want to know: What is that global全球
community社区 going to look like?
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我想知道职业守则
实际上是在哪里。
10:26
I want to know where the codes代码
of conduct进行 actually其实 are.
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马克·扎克伯格说——
10:30
Mark标记 Zuckerberg扎克伯格 said --
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我不是责怪他,
他估计相信这个——
10:31
and I don't blame him,
he probably大概 believed相信 this --
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这个很疯狂的想法是
10:34
that it was crazy to think
207
622702
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俄国或者任何其他人
都可以用这种方式
10:37
that the Russians俄罗斯 or anybody任何人 else其他
could be tinkering修修补补 and messing搞乱 around
208
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摆弄或者是玩弄我们。
10:41
with this avenue大街.
209
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1243
我们在过去的几周中
学到了什么?
10:42
And what have we just learned学到了
in the last few少数 weeks?
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实际上,有一个主要的问题,
10:44
That, actually其实, there has been
a major重大的 problem问题 in that regard看待,
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现在他们在进行调查。
10:47
and now they're having to investigate调查 it
and figure数字 it out.
212
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3118
是的,他们在做
他们现在力所能及的
10:51
Yes, they're trying to do
what they can now
213
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3279
去阻止虚假新闻的增加,
10:54
to prevent避免 the rise上升 of fake news新闻,
214
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2158
但是,你知道,
10:56
but, you know,
215
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1383
很长时间以来
这都是很不严格的。
10:58
it went pretty漂亮 unrestricted无限制
for a long, long time.
216
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5091
所以我会说,你们知道,
11:03
So I guess猜测 I would say, you know,
217
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1900
11:05
you guys are brilliant辉煌 at technology技术;
218
653043
2099
你们很精通科技;
让我们用另一套算法吧。
11:07
let's figure数字 out another另一个 algorithm算法.
219
655166
1891
我们可以吗?
11:09
Can we not?
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CH: 一个包括
记者性调查的算法——
11:10
CHCH: An algorithm算法 that includes包括
journalistic新闻 investigation调查 --
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2887
CA: 我不是很明白
他们是怎么做的,但你知道——
11:13
CACA: I don't really know how they do it,
but somehow不知何故, you know --
222
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3356
过滤掉垃圾!
11:16
filter过滤 out the crap掷骰子!
223
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1819
(笑声)
11:18
(Laughter笑声)
224
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1150
不仅仅是不经意间——
11:19
And not just the unintentional无意 --
225
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2002
(观众掌声)
11:21
(Applause掌声)
226
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3254
而是那种几十年来
11:24
but the deliberate商榷 lies that are planted种植的
227
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2206
被视为战争手段的人们
11:27
by people who've谁一直 been doing this
as a matter of warfare
228
675118
4325
11:31
for decades几十年.
229
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1302
刻意植下的谎言。
苏维埃,俄国——
11:32
The Soviets苏联, the Russians俄罗斯 --
230
680793
1933
他们是战争大师,
换句话说,混合战争大师。
11:34
they are the masters主人 of war战争
by other means手段, of hybrid混合动力 warfare.
231
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5244
11:40
And this is a --
232
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1444
这是一个——
11:42
this is what they've他们已经 decided决定 to do.
233
690689
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这是他们决定去做的事情。
在美国行得通,
11:45
It worked工作 in the United联合的 States状态,
234
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1605
在法国行不通,
11:47
it didn't work in France法国,
235
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1321
在德国还没有成功。
11:48
it hasn't有没有 worked工作 in Germany德国.
236
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1673
在选举期间,
他们尝试过干涉过,
11:50
During the elections选举 there,
where they've他们已经 tried试着 to interfere干扰,
237
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2941
11:53
the president主席 of France法国
right now, Emmanuel灵光 Macron随长音符,
238
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2602
现任的法国总统
埃马纽埃尔·马克龙,
站在很强硬的立场上,
持续与其作战,
11:55
took a very tough强硬 stand
and confronted面对 it head on,
239
703959
2523
安格拉·默克尔也是这样做的。
11:58
as did Angela安吉拉 Merkel默克尔.
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1158
CH: 这其中多少有一些希望不是吗?
11:59
CHCH: There's some hope希望 to be had
from some of this, isn't there?
241
707688
2985
世人会学习的。
12:02
That the world世界 learns获悉.
242
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1151
我们被愚弄过一次,
12:03
We get fooled上当 once一旦,
243
711872
1318
也许我们会再次被愚弄,
12:05
maybe we get fooled上当 again,
244
713214
1332
但也许不会有第三次。
12:06
but maybe not the third第三 time.
245
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1455
是那样吗?
12:08
Is that true真正?
246
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1168
CA: 我想说,希望吧。
12:09
CACA: I mean, let's hope希望.
247
717241
1156
但我认为就这而言,
这也事关科技,
12:10
But I think in this regard看待 that so much
of it is also about technology技术,
248
718421
3387
科技也被给予了一些
道德上的罗盘。
12:13
that the technology技术 has to also be given特定
some kind of moral道德 compass罗盘.
249
721832
3445
我知道我在乱说,
但你懂我的意思。
12:17
I know I'm talking nonsense废话,
but you know what I mean.
250
725301
2816
CH: 我们需要有着道德罗盘的
可以过滤垃圾的算法——
12:20
CHCH: We need a filter-the-crap过滤器的,废话 algorithm算法
with a moral道德 compass罗盘 --
251
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3708
CA: 正是。
12:23
CACA: There you go.
252
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1157
CH: 我认为那是好的。
12:25
CHCH: I think that's good.
253
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1152
CA: 不——“道德科技”。
12:26
CACA: No -- "moral道德 technology技术."
254
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1671
我们都有道德罗盘——
道德科技。
12:27
We all have moral道德 compasses圆规 --
moral道德 technology技术.
255
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3106
CH: 我认为那是一个很大的挑战。
CA: 你知道我的意思。
12:31
CHCH: I think that's a great challenge挑战.
CACA: You know what I mean.
256
739055
2979
CH: 花一分钟谈论领导力。
12:34
CHCH: Talk just a minute分钟 about leadership领导.
257
742058
1944
你有一个机会和全世界
如此多的人谈话。
12:36
You've had a chance机会 to speak说话
with so many许多 people across横过 the world世界.
258
744026
3136
我想对于我们
其中某些人来说——
12:39
I think for some of us --
259
747186
1239
我是在说我自己的观点,
我不知道是否其他人也这样认为——
12:40
I speak说话 for myself,
I don't know if others其他 feel this --
260
748449
2692
一直以来有一种失望:
12:43
there's kind of been a disappointment失望 of:
261
751165
1996
领导者们都在哪里?
12:45
Where are the leaders领导者?
262
753185
1859
我们其中的许多人感到失望——
12:47
So many许多 of us have been disappointed失望 --
263
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2314
翁山苏姬,
那是最近发生的,
12:49
Aung San Suu Kyi,
what's happened发生 recently最近,
264
757406
2016
就好像是,“不!另一个倒下了。"
12:51
it's like, "No! Another另一个 one
bites咬伤 the dust灰尘."
265
759446
2085
你知道,很令人心碎。
12:53
You know, it's heartbreaking令人心碎.
266
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1599
(观众笑声)
12:55
(Laughter笑声)
267
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1235
你遇见了谁?
12:56
Who have you met会见
268
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2021
你对谁印象深刻?
你被谁鼓舞?
12:58
who you have been
impressed印象深刻 by, inspired启发 by?
269
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2870
CA: 你要谈论在危机中的世界,
13:01
CACA: Well, you talk about
the world世界 in crisis危机,
270
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2504
这绝对是真实的,
13:03
which哪一个 is absolutely绝对 true真正,
271
771904
1354
对于我们这些将整个生命
沉浸在危机中的人来说——
13:05
and those of us who spend our whole整个 lives生活
immersed沉浸 in this crisis危机 --
272
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4487
我是说,我们都在神经崩溃的边缘上。
13:09
I mean, we're all on the verge边缘
of a nervous紧张 breakdown分解.
273
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2993
所以现在是一个
压力非常大的时期。
13:12
So it's pretty漂亮 stressful压力 right now.
274
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2676
而且你是对的——
13:15
And you're right --
275
783510
1159
这里有一个感知的和实际上的
领导力的真空,
13:16
there is this perceived感知 and actual实际
vacuum真空 of leadership领导,
276
784693
3110
不是我在说,
我在问这些——
13:19
and it's not me saying it,
I ask all these --
277
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2850
所有和我谈话的人,
我和他们谈领导力。
13:22
whoever I'm talking to,
I ask about leadership领导.
278
790701
2453
我今天在和十分友好的
利比里亚总统谈话,
13:25
I was speaking请讲 to the outgoing传出
president主席 of Liberia利比里亚 today今天,
279
793178
4510
埃伦·约翰逊·瑟利夫,
13:29
[Ellen艾伦 Johnson约翰逊 Sirleaf瑟利夫,]
280
797712
1810
她——
13:31
who --
281
799546
1154
(观众掌声)
13:32
(Applause掌声)
282
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2215
在三个星期以内,
13:34
in three weeks' time,
283
802963
1542
将会成为非洲国家
十分罕见的领导者之一,
13:36
will be one of the very rare罕见
heads of an African非洲人 country国家
284
804529
3944
少有的遵守宪法的
13:40
who actually其实 abides仍住 by the constitution宪法
285
808497
2178
而且在任期结束之后放弃权力的领导人。
13:42
and gives up power功率
after her prescribed规定 term术语.
286
810699
3612
13:46
She has said she wants
to do that as a lesson.
287
814335
3857
她说她做这个是想要
建立一个先例。
但当我和她探讨领导力的时候,
13:50
But when I asked her about leadership领导,
288
818216
2032
我快速提及了一些名字,
13:52
and I gave a quick-fire快速火 round回合
of certain某些 names,
289
820272
2683
我提及了法国新总统的名字,
13:54
I presented呈现 her with the name名称
of the new French法国 president主席,
290
822979
2977
埃马纽埃尔·马克龙。
13:57
Emmanuel灵光 Macron随长音符.
291
825980
1433
然后她说——
13:59
And she said --
292
827437
1336
我说,“当我提到他名字的时候
你想到了什么?”
14:00
I said, "So what do you think
when I say his name名称?"
293
828797
2506
她说,
14:03
And she said,
294
831327
1273
14:05
"Shaping塑造 up potentially可能 to be
295
833578
2325
“他是可以成为潜在的
来填充我们现今领导真空的一个领导人。”
14:07
a leader领导 to fill our current当前
leadership领导 vacuum真空."
296
835927
4066
我认为那是很有趣的。
14:12
I thought that was really interesting有趣.
297
840017
1833
昨天,我刚巧和他做了访问。
14:13
Yesterday昨天, I happened发生 to have
an interview访问 with him.
298
841874
2456
我很自豪地说,
我拿到了他的第一个国际专访
这很棒。是在昨天。
14:16
I'm very proud骄傲 to say,
299
844354
1158
14:17
I got his first international国际 interview访问.
It was great. It was yesterday昨天.
300
845536
3419
我印象很深。
14:20
And I was really impressed印象深刻.
301
848979
1292
我不知道我是否应该在
一个公开的论坛里谈论这个,
14:22
I don't know whether是否 I should be
saying that in an open打开 forum论坛,
302
850295
2928
但我真的有很深的印象。
14:25
but I was really impressed印象深刻.
303
853247
1455
(笑声)
14:26
(Laughter笑声)
304
854726
1218
这可能是因为
这是他的第一个专访,
14:28
And it could be just because
it was his first interview访问,
305
856867
2675
但是——我提了问,
你们知道吗?
14:31
but -- I asked questions问题,
and you know what?
306
859566
2095
他回答了他们!
14:33
He answered回答 them!
307
861685
1208
(观众笑声)
14:34
(Laughter笑声)
308
862917
1933
(观众掌声)
14:36
(Applause掌声)
309
864874
3269
没有回旋,
14:40
There was no spin,
310
868167
1593
没有来来回回,
14:41
there was no wiggle摆动 and waggle摇摆,
311
869784
2391
没有五分钟之后
回到话题点上来。
14:44
there was no spend-five-minutes-花,五分钟 -
to-come-back-to-the-point对来背到了点.
312
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2829
我不用一直打断他,
14:47
I didn't have to keep interrupting中断,
313
875052
1668
我以一直做这个闻名,
14:48
which哪一个 I've become成为 rather
renowned闻名 for doing,
314
876744
2083
因为我想要人们回答问题。
14:50
because I want people
to answer回答 the question.
315
878851
2532
而他回答了我的问题,
14:53
And he answered回答 me,
316
881407
2051
这就有趣了。
14:55
and it was pretty漂亮 interesting有趣.
317
883482
2614
然后他说——
14:58
And he said --
318
886120
1431
CH: 告诉我们他说的。
14:59
CHCH: Tell me what he said.
319
887575
1778
CA: 不, 你先说。
15:01
CACA: No, no, you go ahead.
320
889377
1220
CH: 你是打断者,
我是聆听者。
15:02
CHCH: You're the interrupter断续器,
I'm the listener倾听者.
321
890621
2228
CA: 不,你先说。
15:04
CACA: No, no, go ahead.
322
892873
1158
CH: 他说了什么?
15:06
CHCH: What'd什么了 he say?
323
894055
1155
CA: 我们今天在这里谈论了
民族主义和部落主义。
15:07
CACA: OK. You've talked about
nationalism民族主义 and tribalism部落 here today今天.
324
895234
3078
我问他,“你是如何有勇气
去面对现在涌行的
15:10
I asked him, "How did you have the guts胆量
to confront面对 the prevailing优势 winds
325
898336
3762
关于反全球化,
民族主义,民粹主义的潮势,
15:14
of anti-globalization反全球化,
nationalism民族主义, populism民粹主义
326
902122
4535
当你在2017年初看到
15:18
when you can see what happened发生 in BrexitBrexit,
327
906681
1962
英国退出欧盟所发生的,
15:20
when you could see what happened发生
in the United联合的 States状态
328
908667
2555
当你看到可能在美国发生的,
15:23
and what might威力 have happened发生
in many许多 European欧洲的 elections选举
329
911246
2595
在很多欧洲选举中可能发生的?”
15:25
at the beginning开始 of 2017?"
330
913865
1717
然后他说,
15:27
And he said,
331
915606
1319
“对于我来说,民族主义意味着战争。
15:29
"For me, nationalism民族主义 means手段 war战争.
332
917597
3274
15:33
We have seen看到 it before,
333
921486
1673
我们曾经见证过,
在我生活的大陆上我们经历过,
15:35
we have lived生活 through通过 it before
on my continent大陆,
334
923183
2258
所以我对于这点很明确。”
15:37
and I am very clear明确 about that."
335
925465
2686
所以他不会只是
为了政治上的便利,
15:40
So he was not going to,
just for political政治 expediency便利,
336
928175
3961
迎合大部分的选票,
15:44
embrace拥抱 the, kind of, lowest最低
common共同 denominator分母
337
932160
3442
这种情况常发生在其它政治选举中。
15:47
that had been embraced拥抱
in other political政治 elections选举.
338
935626
4005
他选择和玛丽娜·勒龙,
一个很危险的女人对战。
15:51
And he stood站在 against反对 Marine海洋 Le Pen钢笔,
who is a very dangerous危险 woman女人.
339
939655
4441
15:56
CHCH: Last question for you, Christiane克里斯蒂娜.
340
944928
2032
CH: 最后一个问题,克莉丝蒂安。
16:00
Tell us about ideas思路 worth价值 spreading传播.
341
948093
1998
跟我们讲讲关于
值得广布流传的观念。
如果你要给在座的每位
植入一个观念,
16:02
If you could plant one idea理念
into the minds头脑 of everyone大家 here,
342
950115
4647
那会是什么?
16:06
what would that be?
343
954786
1197
CA: 我会说,对于你从哪里获取
信息,要十分小心谨慎;
16:08
CACA: I would say really be careful小心
where you get your information信息 from;
344
956007
5114
真的要对于你所阅读的,
听到的和看到的,承担起责任来;
16:13
really take responsibility责任
for what you read, listen to and watch;
345
961145
5322
确保你去到你信任的渠道
去获取你的主要信息,
16:18
make sure that you go to the trusted信任
brands品牌 to get your main主要 information信息,
346
966491
4887
无论你是否有一个广泛的
不拘一格的抓取信息的方式,
16:23
no matter whether是否 you have
a wide, eclectic不拘一格 intake录取,
347
971402
4689
真正的和你信任的渠道
保持连接,
16:28
really stick with the brand
names that you know,
348
976115
2995
因为在现今这个世界,
就在此时此刻,
16:31
because in this world世界 right now,
at this moment时刻 right now,
349
979134
3592
我们的危机,我们的挑战,
我们的问题如此严重,
16:34
our crises危机, our challenges挑战,
our problems问题 are so severe严重,
350
982750
4339
除非我们都以全球公民的
身份来共同参与,
16:39
that unless除非 we are all engaged订婚
as global全球 citizens公民
351
987113
3551
我们都珍惜和推崇真相,
16:42
who appreciate欣赏 the truth真相,
352
990688
1903
我们都明白科学证据和事实,
16:44
who understand理解 science科学,
empirical经验 evidence证据 and facts事实,
353
992615
4345
否则我们就只会是随波逐流
16:48
then we are just simply只是
going to be wandering飘零 along沿
354
996984
3499
到一个潜在的巨大危机里面去。
16:52
to a potential潜在 catastrophe灾难.
355
1000507
1961
所以,我会说,真相,
16:54
So I would say, the truth真相,
356
1002492
1364
然后我会回到
埃马纽埃尔·马克龙上,
16:55
and then I would come back
to Emmanuel灵光 Macron随长音符
357
1003880
2256
谈论爱。
16:58
and talk about love.
358
1006160
1300
我认为世间没有足够的爱。
17:00
I would say that there's not
enough足够 love going around.
359
1008022
4469
我要他和我说说爱。
17:04
And I asked him to tell me about love.
360
1012515
2692
我说,“你知道的,你的婚姻
是一个全球都沉迷其中的话题。”
17:07
I said, "You know, your marriage婚姻
is the subject学科 of global全球 obsession困扰."
361
1015231
3592
(观众笑声)
17:10
(Laughter笑声)
362
1018847
1635
“你可以跟我们说说爱情吗?”
17:12
"Can you tell me about love?
363
1020506
1413
它对你来说意味着什么?”
17:13
What does it mean to you?"
364
1021943
1314
我从来没有向一个总统或是
一个被选举的领导人提出关于爱的问题。
17:15
I've never asked a president主席
or an elected当选 leader领导 about love.
365
1023281
2941
我当时在想,我要试试。
17:18
I thought I'd try it.
366
1026246
1158
然后他说——你知道的,
他实际上回答了这个问题。
17:19
And he said -- you know,
he actually其实 answered回答 it.
367
1027428
3915
他说,“我爱我的妻子
她是我的一部分,
17:23
And he said, "I love my wife妻子,
she is part部分 of me,
368
1031367
4161
我们在一起超过十年了。”
17:27
we've我们已经 been together一起 for decades几十年."
369
1035552
1627
但这里是关键点,
17:29
But here's这里的 where it really counted,
370
1037203
1685
这才是真正抓住我的地方,
17:30
what really stuck卡住 with me.
371
1038912
1503
他说,
17:32
He said,
372
1040439
1241
“对于我来说,有一个人在家里
告诉我真相,
17:33
"It is so important重要 for me
to have somebody at home
373
1041704
3520
是如此地重要。”
17:37
who tells告诉 me the truth真相."
374
1045248
1899
17:40
So you see, I brought it home.
It's all about the truth真相.
375
1048618
2712
你看,我把它带回了家里。
都是关于真相的。
(观众笑声)
17:43
(Laughter笑声)
376
1051354
1006
CH: 真相和爱情。值得推广的理念。
17:44
CHCH: So there you go. Truth真相 and love.
Ideas思路 worth价值 spreading传播.
377
1052384
2807
克莉丝蒂安·阿曼普,十分感谢你今天的到来。
17:47
Christiane克里斯蒂娜 Amanpour阿曼普尔, thank you
so much. That was great.
378
1055215
2663
(观众掌声)
17:49
(Applause掌声)
379
1057902
1068
CA: 谢谢。
CH: 那真的是很棒的经历。
17:50
CACA: Thank you.
CHCH: That was really lovely可爱.
380
1058994
2334
(观众掌声)
17:53
(Applause掌声)
381
1061352
1215
CA: 谢谢。
17:54
CACA: Thank you.
382
1062591
1165
Translated by Jack Zhang
Reviewed by Chen Zou

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Christiane Amanpour - Journalist
TV news legend Christiane Amanpour is known for her uncompromising approach to reporting and interviewing.

Why you should listen

Christiane Amanpour is CNN's chief international correspondent and anchor of the global a airs program "Amanpour," broadcast from the television network's London bureau. She's covered the most relevant conflicts of the last decades, exposing both the brutality and human cost of war and its geopolitical impacts. From the 1991 Gulf War to the siege of Sarajevo (the city later named her honorary citizen), from the 2003 American-led invasion of Iraq to the trial of Saddam Hussein the following year, Amanpour's fearless and uncompromising approach has made her popular with audiences, and a force to be reckoned with by global influencers.

During the Balkan wars, Amanpour famously broke with the idea of journalism neutrality by calling out human right abuses and saying that "there are some situations one simply cannot be neutral about, because when you are neutral you are an accomplice." Since her interview show "Amanpour" was launched in 2009, she's spoken to leaders and decision makers on the issues affecting the world today while continuing reporting from all over the world, including the 2010 earthquake in Haiti and the 2011 tsunami in Japan.

More profile about the speaker
Christiane Amanpour | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com

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