Christiane Amanpour: How to seek truth in the era of fake news
Christiane Amanpour: Como procurar a verdade numa era de notícias falsas
TV news legend Christiane Amanpour is known for her uncompromising approach to reporting and interviewing. Full bioChris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
ótimo ter você aqui.
great to have you here.
that in the last few years,
que, nos últimos anos,
developments that you're seeing.
acontecimento preocupantes.
to the earlier speakers,
os palestrantes anteriores,
in what they've been saying:
cities, the threat to our environment
ameaças ao meio ambiente e à nossa vida.
understanding the truth
que entender a verdade,
of what we're talking about
a verdade em nossa fala,
of the science on climate
é empírica, de evidências científicas,
que igualmente com poucos negadores,
with a handful of deniers,
das notícias falsas.
e, certamente, nesse último ano,
certainly this last year --
de uma forma muito preocupante,
in a way that's truly alarming
to be thrown around.
que usamos para qualquer coisa.
entre a verdade e uma notícia falsa,
between the truth and fake news,
os grandes problemas que enfrentamos.
difficult time trying to solve
in this question of,
está envolvida com o questionamento
what is impartiality,
o que é imparcialidade.
para noticiar a Guerras dos Bálcãs.
reporting the Balkan Wars 25 years ago.
dos direitos humanos, você disse:
one simply cannot be neutral about,
em que é impossível ser imparcial,
aren't heeding that advice
não escutam esse conselho
objectivity is the golden rule.
a objetividade é a regra básica.
what objectivity means.
o que "objetividade" realmente é.
durante as Guerras dos Bálcãs.
very young in my career,
violation, not just of human rights,
sistemática, não só de direitos humanos,
cleansing and genocide,
de crimes do mundo.
in the highest war crimes court
what we were seeing
o que testemunhávamos,
trying to tell one story.
was accused of siding with,
acusada de ficar do lado
who were being attacked
que estava sendo atacada
accused of this.
que esquecera o que era a objetividade.
that what people wanted
o que as pessoas queriam:
our democratically elected government's,
um governo eleito democraticamente,
of human rights --
dos direitos humanos,
that all sides are equally guilty,
que ambos lados eram igualmente culpados,
of ethnic hatred,
de séculos de ódio étnico,
slaughter and ethnically cleanse
e limpar etnicamente o outro lado.
escutar a todos os lados igualmente,
giving all sides an equal hearing
os lados da mesma forma
or a factual equivalence.
that crisis point
of international and humanitarian law,
de leis humanitárias internacionais,
what you're seeing,
in the fake news paradigm,
dos paradigmas das notícias falsas,
an accomplice to genocide.
these propaganda battles,
essas batalhas propagandísticas,
the stand you took back then.
a posição que tomou na época.
forma de se falsificar notícias.
sou bombardeada por elas.
of the free world,
in the entire world,
of the United States --
importante e poderoso do mundo
country in the whole world,
in every which way --
politicamente e de todas as formas,
its values and power around the world.
seus valores e poder por todo o mundo.
que apenas procuramos a verdade,
who only seek the truth --
nós a procuramos ao redor do mundo,
looking for the truth
os olhos e ouvidos de todos,
ir ao redor do mundo
in various parts of the world
acontecendo com coisas essenciais,
about things that are vitally important
accusing you of fake news,
acusa você de criar notícias falsas,
de efeitos exponencial.
it starts to chip away
mas, também, a cabeça do povo.
and maybe they're thinking,
dos Estados Unidos afirma isso,
of the United States says that,
sempre criticaram a mídia...
been critical of the media --
ao olhar a avalanche de informação
looking at the avalanche of information
e outros geram, poderia dizer:
and Facebook and so forth,
mais saudável do que nunca.
than they've ever been.
dirão sempre a mesma coisa,
will say what they'll say,
what they will say.
Como isso pode ser perigoso?"
How is there an extra danger?"
upon which we get our information
proliferação de plataformas
da verdade, transparência,
of truth and transparency
com tecnologias, admito.
the information superhighway,
sobre a digitalização da informação,
and all the rest of it,
Twitter e tudo o mais,
as pessoas em vias e túneis
into certain lanes and tunnels
em áreas de seu próprio interesse,
on areas of their own interest
that with algorithms, with logarithms,
com algoritmos, logaritmos,
channels of information,
esses específicos canais de informação,
sobre esse fenômeno.
about this phenomenon.
the internet came,
our access to more democracy,
is incredibly dangerous.
of this country and you say things,
deste país e diz certas coisas,
não democráticos a cobertura
undemocratic countries the cover
and their own journalists --
com seus próprios jornalistas
is what happened, though,
foi só uma consequência não intencional
media that you worked in
em que você trabalhava,
because they weren't credible,
por não serem críveis,
for publication and for amplification
para publicação e amplificação
excitement, click,
is that part of what's caused the problem?
e já vimos isso na eleição de 2016,
and we saw this in the election of 2016,
se tornou bem atraente,
was very sexy and very attractive,
and fake news items
and by happenstance being put out there,
da criação de notícias falsas
in the creation of fake news
seja lá onde for,
in real space and in cyberspace.
um ambiente para isso no ciberespaço.
to proliferate this stuff
de proliferar essas notícias
or light, just about --
such a massive amount of information
tão massiva de informação
leads them to abide by the truth,
os leva a respeitar a verdade,
and a code of professional ethics.
e de éticas profissionais.
people who work at Facebook
que trabalham para o Facebook,
with good intention --
com boas intenções...
com os donos dessas empresas,
of those companies,
incredibly well-intentioned,
que eles têm boas intenções,
an unbelievable, game-changing system,
um sistema inacreditável que mudou tudo,
on this thing called Facebook.
por essa coisa chamada Facebook.
economy for themselves
na hora de acordar e se dar conta,
to wake up and smell the coffee
to us right now."
acontecendo conosco".
a global community.
criar uma comunidade global.
community going to look like?
essa comunidade global?
of conduct actually are.
de fato, os códigos de conduta.
he probably believed this --
ele acredita nisso,
could be tinkering and messing around
manipulando e interferindo nesse ambiente.
in the last few weeks?
nas últimas semanas?
algo grave em relação a isso,
a major problem in that regard,
e entendendo o ocorrido.
and figure it out.
what they can now
a ascensão de notícias falsas,
muito tempo sem restrições.
for a long, long time.
vamos tentar gerar um outro algoritmo,
journalistic investigation --
investigação jornalística...
but somehow, you know --
mas, de alguma maneira,
as a matter of warfare
isso como se fosse uma guerra
by other means, of hybrid warfare.
através de outros meios.
where they've tried to interfere,
onde eles tentaram interferir,
hoje, Emmanuel Macron,
right now, Emmanuel Macron,
de cabeça, assim como a Angela Merkel fez.
and confronted it head on,
from some of this, isn't there?
com essas coisas, não é?
talvez nos enganem de novo,
muito a ver com a tecnologia.
of it is also about technology,
um tipo de bússola moral.
some kind of moral compass.
mas vocês me entenderam.
but you know what I mean.
with a moral compass --
que filtre o lixo com uma bússola moral...
logo, uma tecnologia moral.
moral technology.
CA: Você me entende.
CA: You know what I mean.
com várias pessoas no mundo.
with so many people across the world.
não sei se outros se sentem assim,
I don't know if others feel this --
como o que ocorreu com Aung San Suu Kyi,
what's happened recently,
bites the dust."
impressed by, inspired by?
o que é absolutamente verdade,
the world in crisis,
immersed in this crisis --
a vida toda imersos nessa crise,
of a nervous breakdown.
de um colapso nervoso.
vácuo de liderança, percebido e real,
vacuum of leadership,
I ask all these --
pergunto sobre liderança.
I ask about leadership.
president of Liberia today,
no fim de seu mandato,
heads of an African country
de um país africano
e irá ceder o poder no fim de seu mandato.
after her prescribed term.
to do that as a lesson.
of certain names,
of the new French president,
do novo presidente francês,
sua cabeça quando digo o nome dele?"
when I say his name?"
leadership vacuum."
o vácuo de liderança".
an interview with him.
entrevista internacional. Foi ótimo.
It was great. It was yesterday.
disso num fórum aberto,
saying that in an open forum,
sua primeira entrevista,
it was his first interview,
and you know what?
por cinco minutos até voltar ao ponto.
to-come-back-to-the-point.
renowned for doing,
respondessem as perguntas.
to answer the question.
I'm the listener.
CH: O que ele disse?
de nacionalismo e tribalismo.
nationalism and tribalism here today.
de confrontar os ventos fortes
to confront the prevailing winds
nationalism, populism
do nacionalismo, populismo
in the United States
em várias eleições europeias
in many European elections
on my continent,
apenas por conveniência política
just for political expediency,
common denominator
in other political elections.
em outras eleições políticas.
who is a very dangerous woman.
que é uma mulher muito perigosa.
que merecem ser espalhadas,
into the minds of everyone here,
na cabeça de todos aqui,
where you get your information from;
cuidado onde leem suas informações;
for what you read, listen to and watch;
por aquilo que leem, escutam e assistem;
brands to get your main information,
informações nas marcas confiáveis,
a wide, eclectic intake,
uma ampla e eclética seleção,
names that you know,
at this moment right now,
our problems are so severe,
e problemas estão tão sérios
as global citizens
engajados como cidadãos globais
empirical evidence and facts,
evidências empíricas e fatos,
going to be wandering along
andar até uma potencial catástrofe.
e, voltando ao Emmanuel Macron,
to Emmanuel Macron
enough love going around.
é o tema de uma obsessão global".
is the subject of global obsession."
O que ele é para você?"
ou líder eleito sobre o amor, eu tentei.
or an elected leader about love.
he actually answered it.
she is part of me,
ela é parte de mim,
to have somebody at home
é tudo sobre a verdade.
It's all about the truth.
Ideias que merecem ser espalhadas.
Ideas worth spreading.
muito obrigado. Foi ótimo.
so much. That was great.
CH: Foi muito legal.
CH: That was really lovely.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Christiane Amanpour - JournalistTV news legend Christiane Amanpour is known for her uncompromising approach to reporting and interviewing.
Why you should listen
Christiane Amanpour is CNN's chief international correspondent and anchor of the global a airs program "Amanpour," broadcast from the television network's London bureau. She's covered the most relevant conflicts of the last decades, exposing both the brutality and human cost of war and its geopolitical impacts. From the 1991 Gulf War to the siege of Sarajevo (the city later named her honorary citizen), from the 2003 American-led invasion of Iraq to the trial of Saddam Hussein the following year, Amanpour's fearless and uncompromising approach has made her popular with audiences, and a force to be reckoned with by global influencers.
During the Balkan wars, Amanpour famously broke with the idea of journalism neutrality by calling out human right abuses and saying that "there are some situations one simply cannot be neutral about, because when you are neutral you are an accomplice." Since her interview show "Amanpour" was launched in 2009, she's spoken to leaders and decision makers on the issues affecting the world today while continuing reporting from all over the world, including the 2010 earthquake in Haiti and the 2011 tsunami in Japan.
Christiane Amanpour | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.
Why you should listen
Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.
Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.
Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.
Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.
This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.
He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.
In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.
Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com