Eugenia Cheng: An unexpected tool for understanding inequality: abstract math
유지니아 쳉(Eugenia Cheng): 불평등을 이해하는 뜻밖의 도구: 이론 수학
Eugenia Cheng devotes her life to mathematics, the piano and helping people. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
with divisive arguments,
논쟁이 가득합니다
bigotry, blame, shouting
that we are doomed to take sides,
마치 운명인 것 같습니다.
like a race to the bottom,
경쟁을 하죠.
somebody else's privilege
소리치고 주장합니다.
are the most hard-done-by person
대화할 때 열을 냅니다
this confusing world of ours,
이해할 도구가 있습니다.
도구는 아닐 거예요.
is like the theory of maths,
수학의 이론이고
to real problems like building bridges
다리를 건설할 때 적용되고
that pure maths applies directly
이야기할 겁니다.
to help me with my daily life,
이차 방정식을 풀진 않습니다.
to help me understand arguments
논쟁을 이해하고
with the entire human world.
이해하는 데 도움을 주죠.
the entire human world,
that you might think of
by thinking about the factors of 30.
이야기 해보도록 하죠.
with bad memories of school maths lessons,
몸서리 치신다면
school maths lessons boring, too.
학교 수학수업이 지루하죠.
to take this in a direction
가고 있다고 확신하며
from what happened at school.
사뭇 다를 겁니다.
사용될 수 있는 수 입니다.
We'll work them out.
한번 해보겠습니다.
in a straight line.
숫자에 불과하죠.
are also factors of each other
서로의 인수라고 생각하고
a bit like a family tree,
like a kind of great-grandparent.
맨 위에 위치할 거고
30의 곱수가 됩니다.
is not divisible by three,
in a straight line.
There's a hierarchy going on.
여기에 계층이 있습니다.
two, three and five,
except one and themselves.
곱수가 될 수 없습니다.
this means they're prime.
소수라고 불리우죠.
we have six, 10 and 15,
6, 10, 15가 있습니다.
of two prime factors.
of three prime numbers --
using those numbers instead.
다시 그려 볼 수 있는데
two, three and five at the top,
at the next level,
at the next level
있는 것을 볼 수 있죠.
아무 숫자가 없습니다.
losing one of your numbers in the set.
하나를 잃는 것을 보여 줍니다.
what those numbers are.
something like A, B and C instead,
대체할 수 있고
becomes very widely applicable,
도구가 되었다는 것입니다.
될 수 있기 때문이죠.
three types of privilege:
특권으로 바꿔 볼 수 있겠네요.
we have rich white people.
부유한 백인 남성이 있고
of those types of privilege.
아무 특권이 없는 사람이죠.
the rest of the adjectives for emphasis.
문장 뒤로 배치해 볼게요.
non-male people,
남성이 아닌 사람이 있습니다.
nonbinary people we need to include.
포함된다는 걸 잊지 말죠.
with the least privilege,
적게 가진 사람이 옵니다.
of factors of 30
인수의 다이어그램을
of different types of privilege.
다이어그램으로 바뀌었습니다.
we can learn from this diagram, I think.
배울 수 있다고 생각합니다.
a direct loss of one type of privilege.
특권을 상실하는 것을 보여줍니다.
that white privilege means
백인이 아닌사람보다.
than all nonwhite people.
black sports stars and say,
이렇게 말하죠.
White privilege doesn't exist."
백인 특권은 이제는 없어"
of white privilege says.
말하는 것이 아닙니다.
had all the same characteristics
같은 조건을 가졌고
to be better off in society.
나을 거라고 생각되는 것이라는 거죠.
we can understand from this diagram
더 이해 할 수 있는게 있습니다.
where people have two types of privilege,
두 종류 특권이 있습니다.
that they're not all particularly equal.
않다는 걸 알 수 있습니다.
are probably much better off in society
세상 살기 훨씬 편할 것이에요.
somewhere in between.
그 어딘가의 사이가 되겠죠.
between those two middle levels.
might well be better off in society
사회에서 살기가 나을 수 있죠.
examples, like Michelle Obama,
예를 들 수 있겠죠.
than poor, white, unemployed homeless men.
훨씬 형편이 좋습니다.
is more skewed like this.
of privilege in the diagram
that people experience in society.
why some poor white men
쉽게 도와줍니다.
in this cuboid of privilege,
그들은 상위에 위치하지만
they don't actually feel the effect of it.
실제로 그 효과를 느끼지 못하죠.
the root of that anger
than just being angry at them in return.
훨씬 더 생산적입니다.
can also help us switch contexts
도움이 되고
are at the top in different contexts.
올 수 있다는 것을 보여주죠.
our attention to non-men,
non-men are at the top.
제일 위에 있습니다.
a whole context of women,
옮겨 볼 수 있습니다.
could now be rich, white and cisgendered.
백인, 시스젠더가 될 수 있습니다.
that your gender identity does match
여러분의 성 정체성이
같은 것을 의미합니다.
occupy the analogous situation
유사한 상황을 점령하게 됩니다.
in broader society.
이 세상에서 해왔듯이 말이죠.
why there is so much anger
이해하도록 도와줍니다.
of the feminist movement at the moment,
to seeing themselves as underprivileged
보여지기 쉽습니다.
they are relative to nonwhite women.
많은 특권을 가진 것을 잊곤 합니다.
to help us pivot between situations
더 특권직어가 덜 특권상인 상황에서
and less privileged.
더 특권을 가질 수 있고
that as an Asian person,
the most privileged of nonwhite people,
가장 특권이 있을 거예요.
between those two contexts.
선회시키는데 도움을 줍니다.
who don't have to work.
사람들만큼 부자는 아니죠.
situation to be in
or working at minimum wage.
최저임금을 받는 사람보다는요.
from other people's points of view,
이해하는데 도움을 주고
possibly surprising conclusion:
is highly relevant to our daily lives
상당히 관련이 있습니다.
and empathize with other people.
공감하는데 도움을 주죠.
to understand other people more
mathematical thinking
도울 수 있다고 생각합니다.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Eugenia Cheng - Mathematician, pianistEugenia Cheng devotes her life to mathematics, the piano and helping people.
Why you should listen
Dr. Eugenia Cheng quit her tenured academic job for a portfolio career as a research mathematician, educator, author, columnist, public speaker, artist and pianist. Her aim is to rid the world of math phobia and develop, demonstrate and advocate for the role of mathematics in addressing issues of social justice.
Her first popular math book, How to Bake Pi, was published by Basic Books in 2015 to widespread acclaim including from the New York Times, National Geographic, Scientific American, and she was interviewed around the world including on the BBC, NPR and The Late Show with Stephen Colbert. Her second book, Beyond Infinity was published in 2017 and was shortlisted for the Royal Society Insight Investment ScienceBook Prize. Her most recent book, The Art of Logic in an Illogical World, was published in 2018 and was praised in the Guardian.
Cheng was an early pioneer of math on YouTube, and her most viewed video, about math and bagels, has been viewed more than 18 million times to date. She has also assisted with mathematics in elementary schools and high schools for 20 years. Cheng writes the "Everyday Math" column for the Wall Street Journal, is a concert pianist and founded the Liederstube, a not-for-profit organization in Chicago bringing classical music to a wider audience. In 2017 she completed her first mathematical art commission, for Hotel EMC2 in Chicago; her second was installed in 2018 in the Living Architecture exhibit at 6018 North.
Cheng is Scientist In Residence at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and won tenure in Pure Mathematics at the University of Sheffield, UK. She is now Honorary Fellow at the University of Sheffield and Honorary Visiting Fellow at City University, London. She has previously taught at the universities of Cambridge, Chicago and Nice and holds a PhD in pure mathematics from the University of Cambridge. Her research is in the field of Category Theory, and to date she has published 16 research papers in international journals.
You can learn more about her in this in-depth biographic interview on the BBC's Life Scientific.
Eugenia Cheng | Speaker | TED.com