Natsai Audrey Chieza: Fashion has a pollution problem -- can biology fix it?
나차이 오드리 치자(Natsai Audrey Chieza): 패션의 오염문제를 생물학이 해결할 수 있을까요?
Natsai Audrey Chieza is a trans-disciplinary design researcher whose fascinating work crosses boundaries between technology, biology, design and cultural studies. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
of a Streptomyces coelicolor.
생애주기를 보고 계십니다.
박테리아의 한 종류로
that's found in the soil
with other organisms,
organic chemical compounds.
합성을 위한 동력소이죠.
called actinorhodin,
항생물질을 생성하는데
from blue to pink and purple,
of its environment.
sparked my curiosity
전 호기심이 생겼고
closely with coelicolor.
협력하도록 만들었어요.
동업관계라고 생각하시겠지만
my practice as a materials designer.
제 모든 관행들을 바꿔버렸어요.
was going to completely revolutionize
우리가 환경을 설계하고
일으킬 것인지 이해하고
코엘리컬러와 같은 미생물들이
grow our material future.
성장시킬 수 있는지 배웠어요.
around fossil fuels,
연료 시스템인
material system we have ever known.
조직화되고, 활성화 되었어요.
생산방식과 경제을 정의하는
and we've crafted a dependency on it
our ways of making and our economies.
are reshaping the earth
생물다양성 손실을 가속화 하고
of dramatically changing the climate,
지속시키기까지 하는
부인하는 것조차
has become deadly.
of not being affected
않는다는 특권을 포함해서
is a profound lack of imagination
한계의 테두리 속에서
of this planet's boundaries.
더 위험하다고 생각해요.
give way to renewable energy.
재생에너지에게 밀릴 것이고
석유에 기반하지 않은
new material systems
찾아야 한다는 것이죠.
will be biological,
생물학에서 나올 것이라 믿지만
is how we design and build them.
설계하고 만드는가에 달렸어요.
the destructive legacies of the oil age.
물려받지 않아야 합니다.
biological system,
more quickly and precisely
움직이고 배치할 수 있는
가능하단 걸 알고 있죠.
of synthetic biology,
this functionality of living systems,
빠르게 만들 수 있게 됐어요.
the assembly of DNA.
the kind of biological precision
to design a bacteria
재생에너지를 빼내올 수도 있죠.
renewable energy from algae.
this inherent brilliance of nature --
자연의 놀라움들을
고려하기 위해
process of fermentation.
when harnessed by humans,
쓰일 때야 말로
생각하게 되었어요.
toolkit for our survival.
by bacterial fungi.
우리에게 중요한 것이죠.
to grapes to make wine.
포도에 효모를 넣는 것처럼요.
are part of a complex network --
반복적으로 재배포시키는
that redistributes energy.
상호작용을 일으키는데
to multispecies interactions
microbial interactions
미생물 상호 작용에 대해
동물성 제품들의
the fermentation of grains,
어떻게 미생물들을 길들여
have domesticated microorganisms
만드는지 볼 수 있죠.
that as early as 350 AD,
일부러 발효시켰다는 증거가
foodstuffs that contained antibiotics.
일찌기 존재하기도 합니다.
of some Sudanese Nubian
해골 유물에서는
significant deposits of tetracycline.
포함되어 있음이 발견되었는데
in modern medicine today.
사용하는 항생제이죠.
곰팡이의 향균성을 발견했는데
the antimicrobial properties of mold.
fermentation of penicillin
전염병들을 이겨낼 수 있었어요.
infectious diseases.
play an important role
역활을 하게 된 거죠.
change our industries?
될 수 있을까요?
to develop new material systems
새로운 소재 시스템을 개발하기 위해
오염률이 가장 높은 산업 중
that the textile industry
caused by textile processing
생물학적 피해는
and the dyeing stage.
requires huge amounts of water.
아주 많은 양의 물이 필요하죠.
transformed the textile industry,
전부 변화시킨 이후로는
석유에 기반합니다.
to process them are petroleum based.
appetite for fast fashion,
우리의 충족되지 못하는 욕망과 더불어
is ending up in landfill every year
섬유폐기물이 매립되고 있는데
notoriously difficult to recycle.
어렵기 때문이에요.
비교를 해보세요.
we've ever engineered.
그 어느 시스템보다 나아요.
through a seemingly simple question --
탐구해 보고 싶었어요.
색소를 생성할 수 있다면
염색할 수 있을까요?
directly onto silk.
실크위에 직접 배양시키는 거예요.
염료를 생성하는 걸 보실 수 있을 거예요.
produces pigment around its own territory.
to saturate the entire cloth.
충분한 염료를 생성하죠.
about dyeing textiles in this way --
이런 방식의 마법같은 사실은
directly onto the silk --
직접 발효법 말이죠.
on just 200 milliliters of water.
박테리아는 살 수 있어요.
generates very little runoff
아주 조금의 유출만 있고
염료를 생성 할 수 있어요.
without the use of any chemicals.
with designing with a living system is:
관련된 본질적인 문제는
통제할 것인가 입니다.
that has a life force of its own?
the baseline for cultivating Streptomyces
충분한 염료를 생성할 수 있게
produces enough pigment,
기준선만 만들어 주면
the aesthetics of coelicolor's activity.
미학을 알게 되실 거예요.
to generate an organic pattern ...
these artisanal methods of making
장인정신 방식을 확장시켜서
to use them in industry.
the tools and the processes
what happens on a petri dish
일어나는 일들을 옮겨서
the architecture of our environments.
건축할 수도 있겠죠.
be a part of his toolkit.
그의 도구의 일부일 거예요.
어떻게 규모화할 것인가의
that contains yeasts
specific commodity chemicals and compounds
양조장의 일종인 셈이죠.
of automated hardware and software
소프트웨어 세트들에 연결되어 있어서
the growth conditions of the microbe.
성장조건을 피드백해주죠.
코엘리컬러와 같은 미생물들의
to model the growth characteristics
발효될지 예측할 수 있어요.
ferment at 50,000 liters.
일하고 있는데요.
startup in Boston.
how their platform for scaling biology
저의 장인정신이 깃든
of designing with bacteria for textiles.
어떻게 연계될지 보고자 일하고 있어요.
Streptomyces coelicolor
조작하는 등 의 연구를 합니다.
for synthetic biology.
도구들도 연구하고 있죠.
specifically to automate synthetic biology
프린트와 염색하는 도구로
to become tools to print and dye textiles.
특별히 디자인된 도구들을 연구해요.
스트렙토마이시스 코엘리컬러로 작업하기 위해
to work with Streptomyces coelicolor
사실상 존재하지 않거든요.
a bespoke print on a whole garment.
제작할 수 있게 설계했어요.
capacity in this field,
다른 사람들이 있어요.
with mushroom leather,
건축에도 사용될 수 있는
and into product and architecture.
대체하려 하고 있어요.
to produce spider-silk protein
효모를 개발했는데
into a highly programmable yarn.
원사를 뽑아낼 수 있죠.
are having to build and design
to work with biology.
디자인하고 설계해야 하죠.
in some extreme biomimicry.
자연모사 연구를 해야 했어요.
this yeast creates into a yarn,
뽑아낼 수 있게 하기 위해
ordinarily spin their own silk.
창의적이고 영감적인
exist in nature
쓰일 수 있을지 보실 수 있을 거예요.
around new bio-based industries.
these capabilities.
테스트하고 확장할 수 있죠.
crisis in front of us,
원료 시스템을 구축해서
these new material systems
the damaging legacies of the oil age.
따라하지 않을지 결정하는 거예요.
to ensure a sustainable development
원료시스템을
across the world.
세계적으로 분배할 것인지
the regulatory and ethical frameworks
어떻게 이런 기술을 통제하는
하기를 바라는 지예요.
every part of our lived experience.
일생활에 스며들게 될 거예요.
that we must be bold enough to shape.
만들어야만 하는 물질적 미래입니다.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Natsai Audrey Chieza - DesignerNatsai Audrey Chieza is a trans-disciplinary design researcher whose fascinating work crosses boundaries between technology, biology, design and cultural studies.
Why you should listen
Natsai Audrey Chieza is Founder and Creative Director of Faber Futures, a creative R&D studio that conceptualizes, prototypes and evaluates the next generation of materials that are emerging through the convergence of biology, technology and design. The studio advocates a shift in thinking away from resource extraction to material systems that are grown within the limits of our planetary boundaries. Working with partners in academia and industry, she is at the forefront of defining the future of design in the context of the Anthropocene at the advent of enabling technologies like synthetic biology.
Chieza holds an MA (Hons) in Architecture from the University of Edinburgh and an MA in Material Futures from Central Saint Martins. She began her career in design research at Textile Futures Research Centre (UK), while also pursuing her own research interests in biofabrication at the Ward Lab, University College London (UK). During this time she co-curated exhibitions and public programmes including Big Data, Designing with the Materials of Life 2015 (UK), Alive En Vie, Fondation EDF, 2014 (FR) and Postextiles, London Design Festival 2011 (UK).
Chieza has been a Designer in Residence at Ginkgo Bioworks (US), IDEO (UK), Machines Room (UK), Swedish Arts Grants Committee (SE), and the Ward Lab, University College London (UK). Her work has been widely exhibited at world-renowned galleries and museums, including the Victoria & Albert Museum (UK), Science Gallery Dublin (IR), Bauhaus Dessau (DE), Audax Textile Museum (NL) and at industry institutions like Microsoft Research (US/UK) and Fondation EDF (FR).
She has taught on degree programmes that are transitioning to biomaterials and sustainable design at Central Saint Martins, The Bartlett and Istituto Marangoni. Chieza's own body of work on biopigmented textiles has been featured in a number of leading publications, including WIRED, Next Nature, IDEO, Huffington Post, Viewpoint, Frame, Domus, LSN Global, Protein and FORM.
Natsai Audrey Chieza | Speaker | TED.com