Antonio Donato Nobre: The magic of the Amazon: A river that flows invisibly all around us
Антонио Донато Нобре: Амазонка: зелёный океан леса
Antonio Donato Nobre researches the “ingenious systems” of the Amazon. His work illustrates the beautiful complexity of this region, as well as its fragility against a backdrop of climate change. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
TED-выступление сэра Кена,
Sir Ken's memorable TED Talk,
of what he describes
что он описывает
of transport for the head,"
after these first two talks
двух выступлений
who became a philosopher,
который стал философом,
to talk about water.
do not match, right?
не вяжутся друг с другом?
water in the Amazon,
of life. Fresh life.
although I'm carrying
this inspiration.
своим вдохновением.
and that you'll spread the word.
и разлетится по миру.
to have vital gases exchanged
жизненно важными газами
the storehouse of biodiversity.
has more eyes than leaves."
больше глаз, чем листьев».
to show you something.
показать вам кое-что.
a different approach,
two initiatives here,
that's slightly materialistic,
материалистичный подход,
that, in nature, there is
что природа богата
of the reality I'm going to show you.
реальности, которую я вам покажу.
not about lungs,
с человеческой физиологией,
distributes fresh blood,
свежую кровь
to be renewed.
the power of all these processes.
is the years passing in seconds.
пролетают целые годы.
What do you see?
for the world's climate.
taking place here.
активное испарение воды.
moist air in gray,
влажный — серым,
resurgence in the Amazon.
возрождение Амазонки.
gush from the ground into the atmosphere
испаряется с такой силой,
that it can be seen from space?
heated by magma,
подогретые магмой,
into the atmosphere.
unless I am wrong.
в Амазонке нет гейзеров.
that plays the same role,
from the ground into the atmosphere.
количество воды в атмосферу.
in the Amazon forest, 600 billion geysers.
т.е. 600 миллиардов гейзеров.
an extraordinary sophistication.
в лесах Амазонки
to transfer 1,000 liters of water
выделяет тысячу литров воды.
that is released by transpiration,
the largest river on Earth,
крупнейшая река на Земле,
мира и впадает в океан,
whole world and ends up in the oceans,
воды в день в Атлантический океан.
of water a day in the Atlantic Ocean.
and goes into the atmosphere
a power socket, an electric one,
metric tons of water in it,
эти 20 миллиардов тонн воды,
to have this water evaporated?
чтобы вскипятить его?
hydroelectric plant in the world.
гидроэлектростанция в мире.
than 30 percent of the power
doing this for free.
providing environmental services.
предоставляющая экологические услуги.
what I call the paradox of chance,
парадоксе случайности.
in the equatorial zone,
at 30 degrees north latitude,
30 градусов северной широты
hemisphere, the Atacama;
полушарие: пустыня Атакама,
the Australian desert.
в Африке, пустыни Австралии.
the Sahara, Sonoran, etc.
Сахара, Сонора и другие.
Cuiabá to Buenos Aires,
от Куябы до Буэнос-Айреса,
was supposed to be a desert.
был стать пустыней.
I call it the paradox of chance.
это парадоксом случайности.
that is different?
от всего мира?
circulating in the landscape,
they drain the tissue of nature.
они насыщают ткани природы.
the tissues of nature
ткани природы
в синем океане
pumped by the green ocean —
она забирает всё полезное из лесов
этот четырёхугольник.
GDP comes from that area.
on this floating hotel,
the Negro River.
Земли — Риу-Негру.
but we are floating here,
invisible river running above us.
we used to have two seasons,
в Амазонке всего два сезона:
and the even more humid season.
And it is not.
пустыней, но не стал.
You see that I'm struggling here
Заметили, я сомневаюсь,
from one side to the other.
как это происходит, почему и т.д.
are generating a series of discoveries,
целый ряд открытий —
and the wonder that we have,
and forms pretty few clouds;
и редко бывают облака,
but forms a lot of rain.
чистое небо, но идёт дождь.
and there is torrential rain.
и идёт проливной дождь.
which is the forest,
существом, т.е. лесом,
which is the atmosphere,
water and seeds,
and gives water back,
который возвращает воду назад,
о другом органе — печени.
another function: the liver!
and radiation are combined
высокая влажность и радиация
с органическими соединениями,
generous vitamin C in the form of gas,
обогащённым витамином С в виде газа,
on Earth, here in the Amazon,
чистейшим воздухом на Земле,
of this characteristic as well.
путях наших лёгких,
gets cleaned up from the excess of dust.
от избытка пыли.
is cleaned by our airways.
вдыхаемый воздух от пыли.
from affecting the rainfall.
it stops raining,
ещё одну аналогию.
which I told you about before,
о которых я вам рассказывал,
into the atmosphere, like hormones,
в атмосферу, словно гормоны,
as I've said, cleaning the air.
они очищают воздух.
in a very simple way.
которую очень просто подтвердить.
сильнее над морем,
остаётся сухим.
It will always be dry.
и навсегда остаётся сухой.
the opposite situation, a forest,
is much greater, because of the trees,
в лесу из-за деревьев,
is sucked into the continent
was taken one month ago —
месяц назад:
we're down there —
that flows into a canal.
которая впадает в канал.
that irrigates South America,
орошающая Южную Америку,
that have been recorded.
there hardly are any hurricanes.
ни одного урагана.
the moisture into the continent
на континент,
something a little different.
of these theories.
these processes before
is messed up.
that, yes, we can
in those other areas,
в этих районах,
and she has a motto.
и у неё есть девиз.
"Gardening back the biosphere,"
rebuilding ecosystems.
восстанавливая экосистему.
на самом деле:
of a text by Davi Kopenawa,
of the Yanomami people,
there will be no more rain?
то дождя больше не будет?
with a super computer,
на мощнейших компьютерах,
conclusion, which he already knows!"
который он давно знает!»
have never deforested.
I met him at another event and said,
я встретил его снова и спросил:
was destroyed, there'd be no more rain?"
лес, то дождя больше не будет?»
"The spirit of the forest told us."
that he already knows?"
который он уже знает?»
absolutely critical hit me,
pointed out:
западное общество,
цивилизованнее,
we don't register the information.
мы не воспринимаем информацию.
wouldn't like the idea —
вверх ногами телескоп Хаббла.
upside down.
of the universe.
despite the droughts of the Negro River,
которым мы наслаждаемся,
and typhoons, etc.,
that we know of.
we live in every day,
в которой мы живём,
since that's what we need.
ведь именно это нам нужно.
that I think I missed.
what I haven't seen.
что я не вижу.
with veneration and reverence,
он верит в то,
and the spirits taught him.
so let's look into the forest.
присмотримся к лесу.
into the bushes and get lost,
why they called it the green inferno.
прозвали их «зелёным адом».
видов насекомых,
of fungi, bacteria, etc.
видов грибов, бактерий и т.д.
неизведанный мир для нас,
of light years away from the Earth,
световых лет от Земли,
to our newspapers everyday.
прекрасное существо.
in the forest,
the door to heaven,
оставил дверь в рай открытой,
because it's so beautiful.
настолько она прекрасна.
technological competence of life,
possibility of surviving on this planet,
нашей возможности выживать,
Again, Hubble is there.
Снова, телескоп Хаббла.
Why is it blue?
почему они голубые.
of the invisible humiliates
невидимого глазу даст фору
there is another side to it.
у неё есть и другая сторона.
structures has a function.
имеет свою функцию.
it is not blue;
according to people who studied it,
фотонные кристаллы,
sophisticated crystals.
нет ничего подобного.
nothing like that at the time.
to transmit —
times, talks about it: biomimetics.
биомиметики.
what is at the base of this capacity,
что лежит в основе
which is an internal wonder.
микрон — настоящее чудо.
I won't talk much longer,
Я скажу только,
including myself,
включая и меня,
micromachines in their body,
подобных структур.
in the Amazon forest:
than the number of stars in the sky.
даже больше, чем звёзд на небе.
(Аплодисменты)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Antonio Donato Nobre - ScientistAntonio Donato Nobre researches the “ingenious systems” of the Amazon. His work illustrates the beautiful complexity of this region, as well as its fragility against a backdrop of climate change.
Why you should listen
Antonio Donato Nobre sees nature as a well-orchestrated symphony. A visiting scientist at Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research (INPE) and a senior researcher at the National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), he studies the soil, hydrology and biochemistry of the Amazon, to learn more about the complex, interlocking systems of this geographical marvel. He seeks to understand the interactions between the forest and the atmosphere, and how "the sweat of the forest" runs in a stream overhead that carries moisture to other parts of South America and the world, playing a large role in climate stability. His study “El Futuro Climático de la Amazonía” synthesizes research on how human beings are affecting the delicate balance of this region, and the huge risk we run if we lose it.
Antonio Donato Nobre | Speaker | TED.com