ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Renata Salecl - Theorist
Sociologist and philosopher Renata Salecl scrutinizes our individual and societal neuroses, and suggests ways out of our current paralysis.

Why you should listen

Why are we the way we are, as individuals and as larger societies? In her relentless effort to answer this question, theorist Renata Salecl mines law, sociology, criminology, philosophy, and psychoanalysis to arrive at some unsettling conclusions.

Salecl—who researches and teaches at universities in her native Slovenia, in New York, and in London—argues that the modern, capitalism-driven imperative to become masters of our own lives leads to personal and social paralysis. We are obsessed with the impossible ideal of perfection and with others’ regard for us to a point that's politically de-mobilizing: obsessed with the idea of personal betterment, we ignore social change. Constant anxiety, kept alive in more-or-less conscious ways by the political system and by the media, further numbs our social criticism. Many people opt to tune out and live in denial. These themes form the core of Salecl's most recent books, The Tyranny of Choice and On Anxiety.

More profile about the speaker
Renata Salecl | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2013

Renata Salecl: Our unhealthy obsession with choice

Renata Salecl: Naša nezdrava obsedenost z izbiro

Filmed:
1,587,906 views

Soočamo se z neskončno vrsto izbir, zaradi česar občutimo tesnobo, krivdo in neprimernost ob misli, da morda izbiramo narobe. Filozofinja Renata Salecl se sprašuje: Ali nas posamezne izbire morda ovirajo pri nečem večjem - pri naši sposobnosti družbenega razmišljanja? To je pogumen poziv, naj jemljemo osebne izbire manj resno in se osredotočimo na tiste, pri katerih se odločamo skupaj.
- Theorist
Sociologist and philosopher Renata Salecl scrutinizes our individual and societal neuroses, and suggests ways out of our current paralysis. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

Ko sem se pripravljala na tale govor,
00:12
When I was preparingpriprava for this talk,
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00:15
I wentšla to searchIskanje for a couplepar of quotescitate
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sem iskala citate,
00:17
that I can sharedeliti with you.
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ki bi jih lahko delila z vami.
00:18
Good newsnovice: I foundnajdemo threetri
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Dobra novica; našla sem tri,
00:21
that I particularlyzlasti likedVšeč mi je,
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ki so mi bili posebej všeč.
00:22
the first by SamuelSamuel JohnsonJohnson, who said,
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Prvi je od Samuela Johnsona, ki je dejal:
00:26
"When makingizdelavo your choiceizbira in life,
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"Ko v življenju izbirate,
00:28
do not forgetpozabi to livev živo,"
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ne pozabite živeti."
00:31
the seconddrugič by AeschylusAJSHIL, who remindedopomniti us that
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Druga je Ajshilova, ki nas opominja, da je
00:35
"happinesssreča is a choiceizbira that requireszahteva efforttrud,"
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"sreča izbira, ki zahteva trud,"
00:39
and the thirdtretjino is one by GrouchoGroucho MarxMarx
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tretjo pa si lasti Groucho Marx, ki pravi:
00:42
who said, "I wouldn'tne bi want to chooseizberite to belongpripadajo
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"Ne bi hotel pripadati nobenemu klubu,
ki bi me hotel za člana."
00:45
to any clubklub that would have me as a memberčlan."
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00:51
Now, badslab newsnovice:
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Zdaj pa slaba novica:
00:53
I didn't know whichki one of these quotescitate
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Nisem vedela, kateri citat
naj izberem in delim z vami.
00:55
to chooseizberite and sharedeliti with you.
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00:58
The sweetsladko anxietyanksioznost of choiceizbira.
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Sladka tesnoba izbire.
01:01
In today'sdanes timeskrat of post-industrialpostindustrijski capitalismkapitalizem,
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V teh časih postindustrijskega kapitalizma
01:05
choiceizbira, togetherskupaj with individualposameznik freedomsvobodo
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so izbira, posameznikova svoboda
01:09
and the ideaideja of self-makingsamostojno izdelavo,
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in ideja samouresničitve
01:11
has been elevatedpovišano to an idealidealen.
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postale ideal.
01:15
Now, togetherskupaj with this, we alsotudi have a beliefprepričanje
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Poleg tega nas vodi tudi
vera v večni napredek.
01:19
in endlessneskončno progressnapredek.
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01:22
But the undersidespodnji strani of this ideologyideologija
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Črna plat te ideologije
01:24
has been an increaseporast of anxietyanksioznost,
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pa se vidi v širitvi tesnobe,
01:28
feelingsčustva of guiltkrivde,
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občutkov krivde,
občutkov neprimernosti,
01:30
feelingsčustva of beingbiti inadequateneustrezne,
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01:34
feelingobčutek that we are failingneuspeh in our choicesizbire.
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občutkov, da smo pri izbiranju neuspešni.
01:38
SadlyNa žalost, this ideologyideologija of individualposameznik choiceizbira
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Na žalost nam ideologija
izbire posameznika
01:42
has preventedpreprečiti us from thinkingrazmišljanje about socialsocialno changesspremembe.
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preprečuje razmišljanje
o družbenih spremembah.
01:48
It appearsse prikaže that this ideologyideologija was actuallydejansko
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Zdi se, da nas je ta ideologija pravzaprav
01:51
very efficientučinkovito in pacifyingpomirjanje us
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zelo učinkovito umirila
01:54
as politicalpolitično and socialsocialno thinkersmisleci.
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v našem političnem
in socialnem razmišljanju.
01:56
InsteadNamesto of makingizdelavo socialsocialno critiqueskritike,
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Namesto socialne kritike
01:59
we are more and more engagingprivlačen in self-critiquesamo-kritiko,
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se vse bolj obračamo
k samokritiki,
02:02
sometimesvčasih to the pointtočka of self-destructionsamo-uničenje.
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včasih celo samouničevalno.
02:07
Now, how come that ideologyideologija of choiceizbira
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Zakaj je ideologija izbire
še naprej tako močna,
02:09
is still so powerfulmočno,
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02:11
even amongmed people who have
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celo med ljudmi, ki nimajo veliko izbire?
02:14
not manyveliko things to chooseizberite amongmed?
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02:16
How come that even people who are poorslabo
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Kako to, da se celo revni ljudje
02:20
very much still identifyidentificirati with the ideaideja of choiceizbira,
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tako identificirajo z idejo izbire,
02:24
the kindvrste of rationalracionalno ideaideja of choiceizbira
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s to racionalno idejo izbire,
02:26
whichki we embraceObjemi?
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ki prevladuje med nami?
02:29
Now, the ideologyideologija of choiceizbira is very successfuluspešno
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Ideologija izbire zelo uspešno
02:33
in openingodprtje for us a spaceprostor to think
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odpira prostor za razmišljanje
02:37
about some imaginedzamišljen futureprihodnost.
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o namišljeni prihodnosti.
02:40
Let me give you an exampleprimer.
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Dala vam bom primer.
02:43
My friendprijatelj ManyaManya,
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Prijateljica Manja je med študijem
na univerzi v Kaliforniji služila denar
02:44
when she was a studentštudent at universityuniverza in CaliforniaCalifornia,
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02:47
was earningzaslužek moneydenar
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z delom pri prodajalcu avtomobilov.
02:49
by workingdelo for a caravto dealertrgovec.
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Ko je srečala tipičnega kupca,
se je z njim pogovarjala
02:52
Now, ManyaManya, when she encounterednaletel
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02:54
the typicaltipično customerstranka, would debaterazprava with him
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02:57
about his lifestyleživljenjski slog,
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o načinu življenja,
02:59
how much he wants to spendporabiti,
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o tem, koliko želi potrošiti,
koliko otrok ima,
03:01
how manyveliko childrenotroci he has,
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03:03
what does he need the caravto for?
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zakaj potrebuje avtomobil.
Tako sta ponavadi dosegla dobro rešitev
03:05
They would usuallyobičajno come to a good conclusionzaključek
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03:08
what would be a perfectpopolno caravto.
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glede najprimernejšega avtomobila.
03:11
Now, before Manya'sManya osebe customerstranka would go home
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Preden je Manjin kupec odšel,
03:14
and think things throughskozi,
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da bi premislil o nakupu,
03:17
she would say to him,
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mu je dejala:
"Avto, ki ga boste kupili, je popoln,
03:18
"The caravto that you are buyingnakup now is perfectpopolno,
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03:22
but in a fewmalo year'sleto time,
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a čez nekaj let,
03:24
when your kidsotroci will be alreadyže out of the househiša,
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ko bodo otroci odšli od doma,
03:27
when you will have a little bitbit more moneydenar,
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ko boste imeli malo več denarja,
03:30
that other caravto will be idealidealen.
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bo popoln tisti drugi avto.
A kar kupujete zdaj, je odlično."
03:33
But what you are buyingnakup now is great."
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03:36
Now, the majorityvečino of Manya'sManya osebe customersstranke
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Večina Manjinih kupcev,
03:39
who cameprišel back the nextNaslednji day
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ki se je naslednji dan vrnila,
03:40
boughtkupil that other caravto,
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je kupila tisti drugi avtomobil,
ki ga niso potrebovali,
03:43
the caravto they did not need,
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03:45
the caravto that coststroški fardaleč too much moneydenar.
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ki je stal odločno preveč denarja.
Manja je bila pri prodaji avtomobilov
tako uspešna,
03:48
Now, ManyaManya becamepostati so successfuluspešno in sellingprodajo carsavtomobili
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03:51
that soonkmalu she movedpreselil on to sellingprodajo airplanesletala.
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da je kmalu začela prodajati letala.
03:54
(LaughterSmeh)
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(smeh)
03:59
And knowingvedeti so much about
the psychologyPsihologija of people
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Ker je toliko vedela o psihologiji ljudi,
04:03
preparedpripravljen her well for her currenttok jobdelo,
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je bila dobro pripravljena
za trenutno službo
04:04
whichki is that of a psychoanalystpsihoanalitik.
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psihoanalitičarke.
Zakaj so bili Manjini kupci
tako neracionalni?
04:08
Now, why were Manya'sManya osebe customersstranke so irrationaliracionalno?
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Uspešna je bila, ker je znala
04:13
Manya'sManya osebe successuspeh was that she was ablesposoben
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04:15
to openodprto in theirnjihovi headsglave an imagesliko
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v njihovih glavah narisati sliko
04:18
of an idealizedidealizirani futureprihodnost,
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idealizirane prihodnosti,
sliko njih samih
04:22
an imagesliko of themselvessami
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04:24
when they are alreadyže more successfuluspešno, freersvobodnejše,
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uspešnejših, bolj svobodnih,
in zanje je bila izbira drugega avtomobila
04:28
and for them, choosingizbira that other caravto
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04:30
was as if they are comingprihajajo closerbližje to this idealidealen
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znak, da se bližajo idealu,
04:33
in whichki it was as if ManyaManya alreadyže saw them.
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v katerem jih je Manja že videla.
Zelo redko izbiramo povsem racionalno.
04:38
Now, we rarelyredko make really totallypopolnoma rationalracionalno choicesizbire.
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04:42
ChoicesIzbire are influencedvplivali by our unconsciousnezavesten,
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Na izbiro vpliva naša podzavest,
naša skupnost.
04:46
by our communityskupnosti.
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Pogosto izbiramo
04:48
We're oftenpogosto choosingizbira
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04:50
by guessingugibati, what would other people
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z ugibanjem, kaj bi drugi
04:52
think about our choiceizbira?
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menili o naši izbiri.
04:55
AlsoTudi we are choosingizbira
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Izbiramo tudi
04:56
by looking at what othersdrugi are choosingizbira.
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z opazovanjem, kaj izbirajo drugi.
04:59
We're alsotudi guessingugibati what is
sociallysocialno acceptablesprejemljivo choiceizbira.
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Ugibamo, kaj je
družbeno sprejemljiva izbira.
Zaradi tega celo potem,
05:03
Now, because of this, we actuallydejansko
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05:06
even after we have alreadyže chosenizbran,
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ko smo že izbrali,
05:08
like boughtkupil a caravto,
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denimo kupili avtomobil,
05:10
endlesslyneskončno readpreberite reviewsgostov about carsavtomobili,
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še vedno beremo ocene avtomobilov,
05:13
as if we still want to convinceprepričajte ourselvessami
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kot da se želimo prepričati,
05:16
that we madeizdelane the right choiceizbira.
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da smo prav izbrali.
Izbira povzroča tesnobo.
05:18
Now, choicesizbire are anxiety-provokinganksioznost, izzivalen.
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05:21
They are linkedpovezane to riskstveganja, lossesizgube.
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Povezana je s tveganji, izgubo.
05:24
They are highlyvisoko unpredictablenepredvidljivo.
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Je zelo nepredvidljiva.
05:27
Now, because of this,
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Zaradi tega imajo ljudje
05:29
people have now more and more problemstežave
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vedno več težav s tem,
05:31
that they are not choosingizbira anything.
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da ne izberejo ničesar.
05:35
Not long agonazaj, I was at a weddingPoroka receptionsprejem,
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Pred kratkim sem bila na poroki,
kjer sem srečala lepo mlado žensko,
05:39
and I metsrečal a youngmladi, beautifullepo womanženska
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05:41
who immediatelytakoj startedzačel tellingpovedal
me about her anxietyanksioznost over choiceizbira.
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ki mi je takoj začela razlagati
o njeni tesnobi pri izbiri.
Dejala je: "Mesec dni sem potrebovala,
05:46
She said to me, "I neededpotrebno one monthmesec
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05:48
to decideodloči whichki dressobleko to wearobrabo."
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da sem se odločila, kaj obleči."
Dodala je: "Tedne sem iskala
05:51
Then she said, "For weekstednih I was researchingraziskovanje
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hotel za tole noč.
05:53
whichki hotelhotel to stayostani for this one night.
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05:56
And now, I need to chooseizberite a spermsperme donordonatorjev."
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Zdaj pa moram izbrati darovalca sperme."
(smeh)
06:01
(LaughterSmeh)
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06:04
I lookedpogledal at this womanženska in shockšok.
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Bila sem šokirana.
06:07
"SpermSperme donordonatorjev? What's the rushhitenje?"
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"Darovalca sperme? Zakaj se mudi?"
Rekla je: "Konec leta bom stara 40 let
06:10
She said, "I'm turningobračanje 40 at the endkonec of this yearleto,
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in zelo slabo sem izbirala moške."
06:14
and I've been so badslab in choosingizbira menmoški in my life."
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Izbira, ker je povezana s tveganjem,
06:19
Now choiceizbira, because it's linkedpovezane to risktveganje,
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06:24
is anxiety-provokinganksioznost, izzivalen,
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povzroča tesnobo.
06:26
and it was alreadyže the famousslavni
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Že slavni danski filozof
06:29
Danishdanščina philosopherfilozofrenRen KierkegaardKierkegaard
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Søren Kierkegaard
06:31
who pointedpoudaril out that anxietyanksioznost
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je dejal, da je tesnoba
06:34
is linkedpovezane to the possibilitymožnost of possibilitymožnost.
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povezana z možnostjo možnosti.
06:37
Now, we think todaydanes that we can preventpreprečiti these riskstveganja.
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Domišljamo si, da danes znamo
preprečiti ta tveganja.
06:42
We have endlessneskončno markettrg analysisanaliza,
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Obstaja neskončna analiza trga,
projekcije zaslužka v prihodnosti.
06:45
projectionsprojekcije of the futureprihodnost earningszaslužek.
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06:47
Even with markettrg, whichki is about chancepriložnost,
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Celo za trg, ki temelji na naključju,
na poljubnosti, menimo, da lahko
06:50
randomnessnaključnost, we think we can predictnapovedati rationallyracionalno
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racionalno predvidimo, kam gre.
06:54
where it's going.
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Naključje postaja zelo travmatično.
06:56
Now, chancepriložnost is actuallydejansko becomingpostaja very traumatictravmatičen.
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Lani je moj prijatelj Bernard Harcourt
07:01
Last yearleto, my friendprijatelj BernardBernard HarcourtHarcourt
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07:04
at the UniversityUniverza of ChicagoChicago organizedorganizirano an eventdogodek,
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z Univerze v Chicagu organiziral
konferenco o ideji naključja.
07:08
a conferencekonferenca on the ideaideja of chancepriložnost.
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Skupaj sva bila na okrogli mizi
07:11
He and I were togetherskupaj on the panelpanel,
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07:13
and just before deliveringdostava our papersdokumenti
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in malo pred predstavitvijo esejev,
07:16
we didn't know eachvsak other'sdrugi papersdokumenti
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nisva poznala esejev drug drugega,
sva se odločila,
da bova naključje vzela resno.
07:18
we decidedodločil to take chancepriložnost seriouslyresno.
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Občinstvo sva obvestila,
07:21
So we informedobveščeni our audienceobčinstvo
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da bodo slišali
07:23
that what they will just now hearslišite
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07:25
will be a randomnaključen paperpapir,
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naključni esej,
07:27
a mixturemešanica of the two papersdokumenti
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mešanico dveh del,
pri čemer nisva vedela,
kaj bo povedal drugi.
07:29
whichki we didn't know what eachvsak was writingpisanje.
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Konferenca je potekala takole:
07:33
Now, we delivereddostavljeno the conferencekonferenca in suchtako a way.
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Bernard je prebral svoj prvi odstavek,
07:37
BernardBernard readpreberite his first paragraphodstavka,
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07:39
I readpreberite my first paragraphodstavka,
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jaz sem prebrala mojega prvega,
07:42
BernardBernard readpreberite his seconddrugič paragraphodstavka,
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on je prebral svojega drugega,
jaz sem prebrala mojega drugega
07:44
I readpreberite my seconddrugič paragraphodstavka,
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07:45
in this way towardsproti the endkonec of our papersdokumenti.
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in tako naprej do konca najinih esejev.
07:49
Now, you will be surprisedpresenečen
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Presenetilo vas bo,
da večina ljudi,
07:51
that a majorityvečino of our audienceobčinstvo
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ni menila, da so poslušali
07:53
did not think that what they'doni bi just listenedposlušal to
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povsem naključni esej.
07:56
was a completelypopolnoma randomnaključen paperpapir.
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Niso mogli verjeti,
07:59
They couldn'tni mogel believe that
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da bi tako spoštovana profesorja,
08:01
speakinggovori from the positionpoložaj of authorityorgan
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kot sva midva,
08:03
like two professorsprofesorji we were,
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08:05
we would take chancepriložnost seriouslyresno.
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resno vzela naključje.
Menili so, da sva eseja pripravila skupaj
08:08
They thought we preparedpripravljen the papersdokumenti togetherskupaj
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ter se le delala, da sta naključna.
08:11
and were just jokingšali that it's randomnaključen.
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Živimo v času obilja informacij,
08:14
Now, we livev živo in timeskrat with a lot of informationinformacije,
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"velikih podatkov",
08:19
bigvelik datapodatkov,
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08:20
a lot of knowledgeznanje about the insidesnotranjost of our bodiestelesa.
166
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veliko znanja o notranjosti naših teles.
Razvozlali smo genom.
08:23
We decodeddešifrirati our genomegenom.
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08:25
We know about our brainsmožgani more than before.
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O možganih vemo več kot prej.
08:28
But surprisinglypresenetljivo, people are more and more
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Toda ljudje, presenetljivo,
vse bolj ignorirajo to znanje.
08:31
turningobračanje a blindslepi eyeoči in frontspredaj of this knowledgeznanje.
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Nevednost in zanikanje naraščata.
08:35
IgnoranceNevednosti and denialzanikanje are on the risevzpon.
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Tudi glede gospodarske krize
08:40
Now, in regardglede to the currenttok economicgospodarsko crisiskriza,
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08:43
we think that we will just wakezbudi se up again
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menimo, da se bomo enostavno prebudili
08:46
and everything will be the sameenako as before,
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in vse bo tako kot prej,
08:48
and no politicalpolitično or socialsocialno changesspremembe are neededpotrebno.
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da politične ali družbene spremembe
niso potrebne.
Tudi glede okoljske krize
08:51
In regardglede to ecologicalekološko crisiskriza,
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08:54
we think nothing needspotrebe to be doneKončano just now,
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menimo, da v tem trenutku ni kaj storiti,
08:57
or othersdrugi need to actukrepati before us.
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ali da morajo drugi kaj storiti pred nami.
09:00
Or even when ecologicalekološko crisiskriza alreadyže happensse zgodi,
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Tudi ko se okoljska kriza zgodi,
denimo katastrofa v Fukušimi,
09:03
like a catastrophekatastrofa in FukushimaFukushima,
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09:05
oftenpogosto we have people livingživeti in the sameenako environmentokolje
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bo od ljudi iz istega okolja,
09:08
with the sameenako amountznesek of informationinformacije,
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z istimi informacijami,
09:10
and halfpol of them will be anxiouszaskrbljeni about radiationsevanja
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polovica prestrašena zaradi sevanja,
polovica pa ga bo ignorirala.
09:14
and halfpol of them will ignoreprezreti it.
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Psihoanalitiki dobro vedo,
09:17
Now, psychoanalystspsihoanalitiki know very well
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da ljudje začuda
09:20
that people surprisinglypresenetljivo don't have
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ne čutijo strasti do znanja,
09:22
passionstrast for knowledgeznanje
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09:24
but passionstrast for ignorancenevednost.
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temveč do neznanja.
Kaj to pomeni?
09:27
Now, what does that mean?
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Recimo, da nas ogroža
09:29
Let's say when we are facingsooča
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09:30
a life-threateningsmrtno nevarna illnessbolezen,
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smrtno nevarna bolezen,
veliko ljudi tega noče vedeti.
09:33
a lot of people don't want to know that.
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Raje zanikajo bolezen,
09:36
They'dBi jih ratherprecej preferraje denyingzanikanje the illnessbolezen,
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zato jih ni pametno obveščati,
09:40
whichki is why it's not so wisemoder to informobvesti them
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09:43
if they don't askvprašajte.
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če sami ne vprašajo.
09:45
SurprisinglyPresenetljivo, researchraziskave showskaže that sometimesvčasih
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Raziskave so presenetljivo pokazale,
09:47
people who denyzanikati theirnjihovi illnessbolezen
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da ljudje, ki zanikajo svojo bolezen,
09:49
livev živo longerdlje than those who are rationallyracionalno choosingizbira
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včasih živijo dlje od tistih,
ki razumsko izberejo
najboljše zdravljenje.
09:53
the bestnajboljši treatmentzdravljenje.
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To neznanje
09:55
Now, this ignorancenevednost, howeverVendar,
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09:58
is not very helpfulpomoč on the levelravni of the socialsocialno.
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na družbeni ravni ne pomaga dosti.
Če ne vemo, kam gremo,
10:02
When we are ignorantnevedni about where we are headingnaslov,
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10:06
a lot of socialsocialno damageškoda can be causedpovzročil.
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lahko napravimo veliko socialne škode.
Poleg neznanja
10:10
Now, on topna vrh of facingsooča ignorancenevednost,
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se danes soočamo tudi
10:12
we are alsotudi facingsooča todaydanes
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10:14
some kindvrste of an obviousnessočitnost.
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z nekakšno očitnostjo.
Francoski filozof
10:17
Now, it was Frenchfrancoščina philosopherfilozof
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Louis Althusser je pokazal,
10:19
LouisLouis AlthusserAlthusser who pointedpoudaril out
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10:22
that ideologyideologija functionsfunkcije in suchtako a way
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da ideologija deluje tako,
10:24
that it createsustvarja a veiltančico of obviousnessočitnost.
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da ustvari tančico očitnosti.
10:28
Before we do any socialsocialno critiqueKritika,
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Preden sprožimo družbeno kritiko,
10:32
it is necessarypotrebno really to liftdvig that veiltančico of obviousnessočitnost
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je treba to tančico odstreti
10:36
and to think throughskozi a little bitbit differentlydrugače.
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in malo drugače razmisliti.
Če se vrnemo k ideologiji
10:39
If we go back to this ideologyideologija
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posameznikove racionalne izbire,
10:41
of individualposameznik, rationalracionalno choiceizbira
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10:44
we oftenpogosto embraceObjemi,
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pogosto sprejmemo,
10:46
it's necessarypotrebno preciselynatančno here
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nujno je, da ravno tu,
10:48
to liftdvig this obviousnessočitnost
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da bomo šli preko očitnosti
10:51
and to think a little bitbit differentlydrugače.
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in razmišljali malo drugače.
Pogosto se sprašujem,
10:54
Now for me, a questionvprašanje oftenpogosto is
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10:57
why we still embraceObjemi this ideaideja of a self-madesvoja osebnost-narejen man
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zakaj še vedno verjamemo v idejo
samoustvarjenega človeka,
na katerega se je kapitalizem
od vsega začetka zanašal.
11:01
on whichki capitalismkapitalizem reliedse sklicuje from its beginningzačetek?
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Zakaj mislimo, da smo taki gospodarji
11:05
Why do we think that we are really suchtako mastersmojstri
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lastnih življenj, da lahko racionalno
11:07
of our livesživi that we can rationallyracionalno
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11:10
make the bestnajboljši idealidealen choicesizbire,
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izbiramo najboljše,
11:13
that we don't acceptsprejema lossesizgube and riskstveganja?
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da ne sprejemamo izgub in tveganja?
Šokantno se mi zdi,
da včasih zelo revni ljudje
11:16
And for me, it's very shockingšokantno to
see sometimesvčasih very poorslabo people,
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denimo ne podpirajo ideje
11:19
for exampleprimer, not supportingpodpora the ideaideja
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11:22
of the richbogat beingbiti taxedobdavčen more.
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višjih davkov za bogate.
Pogosto se še naprej identificirajo
11:25
QuitePrecej oftenpogosto here they still identifyidentificirati
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11:27
with a certainnekateri kindvrste of a lotteryloterija mentalitymiselnosti.
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z nekakšno mentaliteto loterije.
11:30
Okay, maybe they don't think that they will make it
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No, morda ne verjamejo,
da bodo v prihodnosti uspeli,
a morda menijo,
11:33
in the futureprihodnost, but maybe they think,
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1402
11:34
my sonsin mightmorda becomepostane the nextNaslednji BillBill GatesVrata.
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da bo njihov sin mogoče novi Bill Gates.
11:38
And who would want to taxdavka one'sena sonsin?
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In kdo bi obdavčil lastnega sina?
11:41
Or, a questionvprašanje for me is alsotudi,
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Sprašujem se tudi,
zakaj ljudje
brez zdravstvenega zavarovanja
11:45
why would people who have no healthzdravje insurancezavarovanje
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11:47
not embraceObjemi universaluniverzalno healthcareskrb za zdravje?
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ne podpirajo univerzalne
zdravstvene oskrbe?
11:50
SometimesVčasih they don't embraceObjemi it,
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Včasih je ne podprejo,
ker se identificirajo
11:52
again identifyingprepoznavanje with the ideaideja of choiceizbira,
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z idejo izbire,
11:54
but they have nothing to chooseizberite from.
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a saj nimajo med čim izbirati.
11:57
Now, MargaretMargaret ThatcherThatcher famouslyznano said
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Margaret Thatcher je dejala,
12:01
that there is nothing like a societydružbo.
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da družba ne obstaja.
12:04
SocietyDružbe doesn't existobstajajo, it is only individualsposamezniki
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Družbe ni, so samo posamezniki
in njihove družine.
12:08
and theirnjihovi familiesdružine.
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12:10
SadlyNa žalost, this ideologyideologija still functionsfunkcije very well,
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Na žalost ta ideologija
še vedno dobro deluje,
12:15
whichki is why people who are poorslabo mightmorda feel
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zato se revni včasih
12:17
ashamedsram for theirnjihovi povertyrevščina.
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sramujejo svoje revščine.
12:19
We mightmorda endlesslyneskončno feel guiltykriv that we are
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Lahko se počutimo neskončno krive za to,
12:21
not makingizdelavo the right choicesizbire,
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da ne izbiramo prav,
12:23
and that's why we didn't succeeduspe.
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da zato nismo uspeli.
Strah nas je, da nismo dovolj dobri.
12:26
We are anxiouszaskrbljeni that we are not good enoughdovolj.
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12:29
That's why we work very hardtežko,
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Zato trdo delamo:
dolge ure smo v službi
12:31
long hoursure at the workplacedelovno mesto
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12:33
and equallyenako long hoursure on remakingpreoblikovanje ourselvessami.
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in dolge ure spreminjamo sebe.
12:37
Now, when we are anxiouszaskrbljeni over choicesizbire,
256
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Ko nas je strah izbire,
12:39
sometimesvčasih we easilyenostavno give our powermoč of choiceizbira away.
257
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se včasih hitro odpovemo moči izbire.
Poistovetimo se z gurujem,
12:44
We identifyidentificirati with the guruguru
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12:46
who tellspove us what to do,
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ki nam naroča, kaj početi,
12:47
self-helpsamopomoč therapistterapevt,
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s terapevtom za samopomoč
12:50
or we embraceObjemi a totalitariantotalitarnih leadervodja
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ali s totalitarnim voditeljem,
ki na videz nima dvomov o izbiri,
12:52
who appearsse prikaže to have no doubtsdvomi about choicesizbire,
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2787
12:55
who sortRazvrsti of knowsve.
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ki na nek način ve.
12:57
Now, oftenpogosto people askvprašajte me,
264
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Ljudje me pogosto sprašujejo:
13:00
"What did you learnučiti se by studyingŠtudij choiceizbira?"
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"Kaj si se naučila s proučevanjem izbire?"
13:02
And there is an importantpomembno messagesporočilo that I did learnučiti se.
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Odkrila sem pomembno sporočilo.
13:06
When thinkingrazmišljanje about choicesizbire,
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Pri razmišljanju o izbiri
13:08
I stoppedustavil takingjemanje choicesizbire too seriouslyresno, personallyosebno.
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sem jo nehala jemati preresno,
preveč osebno.
Prvič, ugotovila sem,
da veliko mojih izbir
13:13
First, I realizedrealiziran a lot of choiceizbira I make
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ni racionalnih.
13:16
is not rationalracionalno.
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13:17
It's linkedpovezane to my unconsciousnezavesten,
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Povezane so z podzavestjo,
13:19
my guessesugibanja of what othersdrugi are choosingizbira,
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z ugibanji o tem, kaj izbirajo drugi
13:21
or what is a sociallysocialno embracedobjemal choiceizbira.
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ali kaj je družbeno sprejeta izbira.
Sprejemam tudi idejo,
13:25
I alsotudi embraceObjemi the ideaideja
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da moramo preseči
13:27
that we should go beyondnaprej
275
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13:29
thinkingrazmišljanje about individualposameznik choicesizbire,
276
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razmišljanje o posameznikovi izbiri,
13:31
that it's very importantpomembno to rethinkponovno premislite socialsocialno choicesizbire,
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da je treba
premisliti družbene izbire,
13:34
sinceod this ideologyideologija of individualposameznik
choiceizbira has pacifiedpacificiranem us.
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saj je ideologija izbire za
posameznika kot pomirjevalo.
13:38
It really preventedpreprečiti us to think about socialsocialno changesprememba.
279
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Preprečuje nam razmišljanje
o družbenih spremembah.
13:41
We spendporabiti so much time
choosingizbira things for ourselvessami
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Toliko časa zapravimo
za lastno izbiro,
13:45
and barelykomaj reflectodražajo on
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da komajda razmišljamo
13:47
communalkomunalno choicesizbire we can make.
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o skupnih izbirah, ki so na voljo.
13:49
Now, we should not forgetpozabi that choiceizbira
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Ne smemo pozabiti, da je izbira
13:51
is always linkedpovezane to changesprememba.
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vedno povezana s spremembo.
13:53
We can make individualposameznik changesspremembe,
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Lahko delamo posamezne spremembe.
13:55
but we can make socialsocialno changesspremembe.
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Lahko pa delamo tudi družbene.
13:57
We can chooseizberite to have more wolvesvolkovi.
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Lahko izberemo več volkov.
14:01
We can chooseizberite to changesprememba our environmentokolje
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Lahko izberemo spremembo okolja,
14:04
to have more beesčebele.
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da bi imeli več čebel.
14:06
We can chooseizberite to have differentdrugačen ratingocena agenciesagencije.
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Lahko izberemo
drugačne bonitetne agencije.
Lahko izberemo nadzor nad korporacijami,
14:11
We can chooseizberite to controlnadzor corporationskorporacije
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14:13
insteadnamesto tega of allowingki dovoljuje corporationskorporacije to controlnadzor us.
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namesto da jim dovolimo,
da one nadzorujejo nas.
14:17
We have a possibilitymožnost to make changesspremembe.
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Imamo možnost spreminjanja.
14:20
Now, I startedzačel with a quotekvota from SamuelSamuel JohnsonJohnson,
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Začela sem z mislijo Samuela Johnsona
ki je dejal, da ko v življenju izbiramo,
14:24
who said that when we make choiceizbira in life,
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14:26
we shouldn'tne bi smel forgetpozabi to livev živo.
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ne smemo pozabiti živeti.
Konec koncev, vidite,
14:29
FinallyKončno, you can see
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14:31
I did have a choiceizbira
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sem imela izbiro,
14:33
to chooseizberite one of the threetri quotescitate
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katero od treh misli vzeti
14:34
with whichki I wanted to startZačni my lecturepredavanje.
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za uvod v moj govor.
14:38
I did have a choiceizbira,
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1899
Imela sem izbiro,
14:40
suchtako as nationsnarodi, as people,
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kot imamo narodi, ljudje
14:42
we have choicesizbire too to rethinkponovno premislite
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izbiro, da premislimo,
14:44
in what kindvrste of societydružbo we want to livev živo in the futureprihodnost.
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v kakšni družbi želimo v prihodnje živeti.
14:48
Thank you.
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Hvala.
(aplavz)
14:50
(ApplauseAplavz)
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Translated by Klavdija Cernilogar
Reviewed by Žiga Domevšček

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Renata Salecl - Theorist
Sociologist and philosopher Renata Salecl scrutinizes our individual and societal neuroses, and suggests ways out of our current paralysis.

Why you should listen

Why are we the way we are, as individuals and as larger societies? In her relentless effort to answer this question, theorist Renata Salecl mines law, sociology, criminology, philosophy, and psychoanalysis to arrive at some unsettling conclusions.

Salecl—who researches and teaches at universities in her native Slovenia, in New York, and in London—argues that the modern, capitalism-driven imperative to become masters of our own lives leads to personal and social paralysis. We are obsessed with the impossible ideal of perfection and with others’ regard for us to a point that's politically de-mobilizing: obsessed with the idea of personal betterment, we ignore social change. Constant anxiety, kept alive in more-or-less conscious ways by the political system and by the media, further numbs our social criticism. Many people opt to tune out and live in denial. These themes form the core of Salecl's most recent books, The Tyranny of Choice and On Anxiety.

More profile about the speaker
Renata Salecl | Speaker | TED.com