TED2013
Alastair Parvin: Architecture for the people by the people
Alister Parvin (Alastair Parvin): Arhitektura za ljude od ljudi
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Arhitekta Alister Parvin predstavlja jednostavnu ali provokativnu ideju: šta ako, umesto arhitekata koji projektuju zgrade za one koji mogu da ih naruče, obični građani mogu da isprojektuju svoje spostvene kuće? Koncept predstavlja srž WikiHouse-a, građevinskog alata otvorenog pristupa koji omogućava svakome i svugde da izgradi svoj prostor za život.
Alastair Parvin - Designer
Alastair Parvin believes in making architecture accessible to 100 percent of the population. Full bio
Alastair Parvin believes in making architecture accessible to 100 percent of the population. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
When we use the word "architect" or "designer,"
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Kada koristimo reč "arhitekta" ili "dizajner"
00:16
what we usually mean is a professional,
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ono što obično pod tim podrazumevamo
je profesionalac,
je profesionalac,
00:18
someone who gets paid,
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neko ko je plaćen.
00:21
and we tend to assume that it's those professionals
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Težimo da pretpostavimo da su oni ti
00:24
who are going to be the ones to help us solve
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koji nam pomažu da rešimo zaista velike,
00:26
the really big, systemic design challenges that we face
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sistemske projektantske izazove
sa kojima se suočavamo -
sa kojima se suočavamo -
00:28
like climate change, urbanization and social inequality.
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poput klimatskih promena,
urbanizacije i socijalne nejednakosti.
urbanizacije i socijalne nejednakosti.
00:32
That's our kind of working presumption.
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To je neka vrsta naše pretpostavke.
00:35
And I think it's wrong, actually.
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A zapravo, mislim da je to pogrešno.
00:38
In 2008, I was just about to graduate from architecture school
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2008. upravo sam završavao
arhitektonski fakultet
arhitektonski fakultet
00:41
after several years, and go out and get a job,
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nakon nekoliko godina
i krenuo da tražim posao
i krenuo da tražim posao
00:44
and this happened.
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i desilo se ovo.
00:47
The economy ran out of jobs.
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Ekonomiji je ponestalo poslova.
00:49
And a couple of things struck me about this.
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Nekoliko stvari me je pogodilo.
00:52
One, don't listen to career advisers.
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Jedna je - ne slušaj poslovne savetnike.
00:56
And two, actually this is a fascinating paradox for architecture,
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A druga je da,
a to je fascinantni paradoks arhitekture,
a to je fascinantni paradoks arhitekture,
01:00
which is that, as a society, we've never needed design thinking more,
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društvu nikada nije više bila potrebna
projektantska misao,
projektantska misao,
01:04
and yet architecture was literally becoming unemployed.
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a arhitektura je doslovno
postajala nezaposlena.
postajala nezaposlena.
01:08
It strikes me that we talk very deeply about design,
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Govorimo veoma detaljno o projektovanju,
01:12
but actually there's an economics behind architecture
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a zapravo ekonomija je iza arhitekture,
01:14
that we don't talk about, and I think we need to.
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o kojoj ne govorimo,
a mislim da bi trebalo.
a mislim da bi trebalo.
01:17
And a good place to start is your own paycheck.
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A dobra tačka za početak je vaša plata.
01:20
So, as a bottom-of-the-rung architecture graduate,
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Kao diplomac arhitekture na začelju liste,
01:23
I might expect to earn about 24,000 pounds.
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verovatno sam očekivao
da ću zarađivati 24.000 funti.
da ću zarađivati 24.000 funti.
01:26
That's about 36,000, 37,000 dollars.
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To je oko 36.000 ili 37.000 dolara.
01:29
Now in terms of the whole world's population,
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U kontekstu
čitave svetske populacije,
čitave svetske populacije,
01:31
that already puts me in the top 1.95 richest people,
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to me stavlja na vrh od
1.95% najbogatijih ljudi,
1.95% najbogatijih ljudi,
01:36
which raises the question of, who is it I'm working for?
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što povlači pitanje,
za koga ja to radim?
za koga ja to radim?
01:40
The uncomfortable fact is that
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Neprijatna činjenica je
01:42
actually almost everything that we call architecture today
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da je zapravo skoro sve
što danas nazivamo arhitekturom,
što danas nazivamo arhitekturom,
01:45
is actually the business of designing
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u stvari posao projektovanja
01:47
for about the richest one percent of the world's population,
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za otprilike najbogatiji procenat
svetske populacije
svetske populacije
01:50
and it always has been.
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i uvek je tako bilo.
01:53
The reason why we forgot that
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Razlog zbog kojeg to zaboravljamo jeste
01:54
is because the times in history when architecture
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da su kroz istoriju kada je arhitektura
01:56
did the most to transform society were those times
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činila najviše da promeni društvo,
bila upravo ta vremena
bila upravo ta vremena
01:59
when, actually, the one percent would build
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kada je uglavnom 1% gradio zbog interesa
02:02
on behalf of the 99 percent, for various different reasons,
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onih 99%, iz različitih razloga -
02:05
whether that was through philanthropy in the 19th century,
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kroz filantropiju u 19. veku,
02:08
communism in the early 20th,
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komunizam u ranom 20. veku,
02:10
the welfare state, and most recently, of course,
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u periodu blagostanja i najskorije
02:13
through this inflated real estate bubble.
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kroz ovaj mehur građevinske inflacije.
02:17
And all of those booms, in their own various ways,
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Svi ovi udari u svojim raznovrsnim oblicima
02:20
have now kicked the bucket,
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sad su zamrli, a mi smo se
02:22
and we're back in this situation
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vratili u situaciju gde su
02:24
where the smartest designers and architects in the world
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najpametniji dizajneri i arhitekte na svetu,
02:29
are only really able to work for one percent of the population.
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sposobni samo da rade za 1% populacije.
02:33
Now it's not just that that's bad for democracy,
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Ipak, to nije baš toliko loše za demokratiju,
02:35
though I think it probably is,
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iako ja smatram da verovatno jeste,
02:37
it's actually not a very clever business strategy, actually.
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a to zapravo i nije veoma pametna
poslovna strategija.
poslovna strategija.
02:40
I think the challenge facing the next generation of architects
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Mislim da je izazov
za narednu generaciju arhitekata -
za narednu generaciju arhitekata -
02:43
is, how are we going to turn our client
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kako da promenimo naše klijente
02:45
from the one percent to the 100 percent?
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sa jednog na 100%?
02:48
And I want to offer three slightly counterintuitive ideas
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Želim da predložim tri pomalo nelogične ideje
02:52
for how it might be done.
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za rešenje ovog problema.
02:54
The first is, I think we need to question this idea
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Prva je, smatram da treba
da ispitamo ovu ideju
da ispitamo ovu ideju
02:57
that architecture is about making buildings.
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da se arhitektura bavi pravljenjem zgrada.
02:59
Actually, a building is about the most expensive solution
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Zapravo, zgrada je najskuplje rešenje
03:02
you can think of to almost any given problem.
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koje možete zamisliti za bilo kakav problem.
03:05
And fundamentally, design should be much, much more interested
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A u stvari, projektovanje bi trebalo
da ima mnogo više udela
da ima mnogo više udela
03:08
in solving problems and creating new conditions.
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u rešavanju problema
i stvaranju novih uslova.
i stvaranju novih uslova.
03:10
So here's a story.
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Pa, evo priče.
03:12
The office was working with a school,
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Arhitektonski biro je radio projekat škole,
03:14
and they had an old Victorian school building.
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stare viktorijanske školske zgrade.
03:16
And they said to the architects, "Look,
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Rekli su arhitektama: "Vidite,
03:19
our corridors are an absolute nightmare.
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hodnici su nam velika noćna mora.
03:21
They're far too small. They get congested between classes.
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Veoma su mali.
Zakrčeni su na odmorima.
Zakrčeni su na odmorima.
03:23
There's bullying. We can't control them.
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Javlja se maltretiranje.
Ne možemo da ih kontrolišemo.
Ne možemo da ih kontrolišemo.
03:25
So what we want you to do is re-plan our entire building,
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Stoga ono što želim da uradimo je
da ponovo isprojektujemo čitavu zgradu
da ponovo isprojektujemo čitavu zgradu
03:28
and we know it's going to cost several million pounds,
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i znamo da će nas to koštati
nekoliko miliona funti,
nekoliko miliona funti,
03:30
but we're reconciled to the fact."
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ali pomirili smo se sa tom činjenicom."
03:32
And the team thought about this, and they went away,
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Tim je razmišljao o ovome,
otišli su i rekli:
otišli su i rekli:
03:35
and they said, "Actually, don't do that.
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"U stvari, nemojte to da radite.
03:37
Instead, get rid of the school bell.
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Umesto toga, rešite se školskih zvona.
03:40
And instead of having one school bell that goes off once,
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Umesto jednog zvona koje zvoni jednom,
03:43
have several smaller school bells that go off
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postavite nekoliko manjih koja zvone
03:45
in different places and different times,
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na različitim mestima u različito vreme
03:47
distribute the traffic through the corridors."
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i tako rasporedite gužvu u hodnicima."
03:49
It solves the same problem,
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To je rešilo problem
03:51
but instead of spending several million pounds,
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i umesto da potrošite
nekoliko miliona funti,
nekoliko miliona funti,
03:54
you spend several hundred pounds.
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potrošićete nekoliko stotina funti.
03:56
Now, it looks like you're doing yourself out of a job,
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Deluje kao da sami sebi uzimate posao,
ali ne.
ali ne.
03:59
but you're not. You're actually making yourself more useful.
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Vi zapravo sebe činite još korisnijim.
04:01
Architects are actually really, really good
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Arhitekte su u stvari veoma, veoma dobri
04:03
at this kind of resourceful, strategic thinking.
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u ovoj vrsti dovitljivog,
strategijskog razmišljanja.
strategijskog razmišljanja.
04:05
And the problem is that, like a lot of design professions,
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Problem je to što smo,
poput većine profesionalnih projektanata
poput većine profesionalnih projektanata
04:07
we got fixated on the idea of providing
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fiksirani idejom snabdevanja
04:09
a particular kind of consumer product,
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kupaca određenom vrstom proizvoda,
04:11
and I don't think that needs to be the case anymore.
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ali ne smatram da to treba
da bude slučaj nadalje.
da bude slučaj nadalje.
04:14
The second idea worth questioning is this 20th-century thing
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Druga ideja vredna razmatranja je
dvadesetovekovna stvar,
dvadesetovekovna stvar,
04:18
that mass architecture is about big --
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da masivna arhitektura predstavlja veliko -
04:21
big buildings and big finance.
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velike zgrade i velike prihode.
04:24
Actually, we've got ourselves locked into this
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Mi smo, u stvari, zaključani u ovom
04:26
Industrial Era mindset which says that
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industrijskom načinu razmišljanja,
koje kaže da samo
koje kaže da samo
04:28
the only people who can make cities are large organizations
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velike organizacije
mogu da grade gradove
mogu da grade gradove
04:32
or corporations who build on our behalf,
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ili korporacije koje grade u našu korist,
04:34
procuring whole neighborhoods
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obezbeđivanjem čitavih naselja,
04:36
in single, monolithic projects, and of course,
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u malim, monolitnim projektima i naravno,
04:40
form follows finance.
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da forma prati finansije.
04:42
So what you end up with are single, monolithic neighborhoods
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Ono na čemu se sve završi
su pojedinačna monolitna naselja
su pojedinačna monolitna naselja
04:45
based on this kind of one-size-fits-all model.
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bazirana na ovoj vrsti modela
jedne veličine.
jedne veličine.
04:49
And a lot of people can't even afford them.
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A dosta ljudi to ne može da priušti.
04:51
But what if, actually, it's possible now for cities
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A šta ako je danas moguće
da gradove gradi
da gradove gradi
04:54
to be made not just by the few with a lot
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ne samo nekolicina onih
koji imaju puno,
koji imaju puno,
04:57
but also by the many with a bit?
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već mnogi koji imaju malo?
05:00
And when they do, they bring with them
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A kad grade, oni donose sa sobom
05:01
a completely different set of values about the place that they want to live.
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potpuno različite vrednosti mesta
u kojem žele da žive.
u kojem žele da žive.
05:05
And it raises really interesting questions about,
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To rađa veoma interesantno pitanje:
05:07
how will we plan cities? How will finance development?
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kako ćemo planirati gradove?
Kako ćemo finansirati razvoj?
Kako ćemo finansirati razvoj?
05:10
How will we sell design services?
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Kako ćemo prodavati projektantske usluge?
05:12
What would it mean for democratic societies
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Šta bi značilo za demokratsko društvo
05:14
to offer their citizens a right to build?
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da ponudi svojim građanima
pravo da grade?
pravo da grade?
05:16
And in a way it should be kind of obvious, right,
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I na način na koji bi to trebalo
da bude očigledno,
da bude očigledno,
05:19
that in the 21st century, maybe cities can be developed by citizens.
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da u 21. veku,
građani možda mogu izgraditi gradove.
građani možda mogu izgraditi gradove.
05:24
And thirdly, we need to remember that,
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I treća ideja je, treba da zapamtimo,
05:27
from a strictly economic point of view,
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da sa potpuno ekonomske tačke gledišta,
05:30
design shares a category with sex and care of the elderly --
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projektovanje deli istu kategoriju
sa seksom i brigom o starijima -
sa seksom i brigom o starijima -
05:35
mostly it's done by amateurs.
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uglavnom se radi amaterski.
05:37
And that's a good thing.
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To je dobra stvar.
05:39
Most of the work takes place outside of the monetary economy
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Najviše posla se odvija
van monetarne ekonomije
van monetarne ekonomije
05:42
in what's called the social economy or the core economy,
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koja se naziva društvena ekonomija
ili jezgrovita ekonomija,
ili jezgrovita ekonomija,
05:45
which is people doing it for themselves.
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koju ljudi stvaraju za sebe.
05:47
And the problem is that, up until now,
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Problem je to što, sve do sad,
05:50
it was the monetary economy which had
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to je bila monetarna ekonomija
koja je imala
koja je imala
05:52
all the infrastructure and all the tools.
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čitavu infrastrukturu i sve alate.
05:54
So the challenge we face is, how are we going
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Tako da je izazov sa kojim se suočavamo,
05:56
to build the tools, the infrastructure and the institutions
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kako ćemo graditi alate,
infrastuktru i institucije
infrastuktru i institucije
05:59
for architecture's social economy?
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za arhitektonsku društvenu ekonomiju?
06:01
And that began with open-source software.
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To je počelo sa otvorenim softverom.
06:04
And over the last few years, it's been moving
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Tokom prošle godine, prerastalo je
06:06
into the physical world with open-source hardware,
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u stvarni, fizički svet sa otvorenim hardverom,
06:09
which are freely shared blueprints
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slobodno deljenim nacrtima
06:10
that anyone can download and make for themselves.
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koje svako može da preuzme
i napravi za sebe.
i napravi za sebe.
06:14
And that's where 3D printing gets really, really interesting.
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Tu su 3D štampači postali
veoma zanimljivi.
veoma zanimljivi.
06:17
Right? When suddenly you had a 3D printer
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Zar ne? Kada imate 3D štampač
06:21
that was open-source, the parts for which
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otvorenog koda, njegovi delovi bi mogli
06:22
could be made on another 3D printer.
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biti napravljeni na drugom 3D štampaču.
06:25
Or the same idea here, which is for a CNC machine,
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Ili ista ideja ovde,
a to je CNC mašina,
a to je CNC mašina,
06:28
which is like a large printer that can cut sheets of plywood.
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koja je kao veliki štampač
koji može da seče šperploču.
koji može da seče šperploču.
06:32
What these technologies are doing is radically
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Ono što ove tehnologije rade
zapravo je drastično
zapravo je drastično
06:35
lowering the thresholds of time and cost and skill.
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smanjenje problema vremena,
troškova i veština.
troškova i veština.
06:38
They're challenging the idea that
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One izazivaju ideju da ukoliko želite
06:40
if you want something to be affordable it's got to be one-size-fits-all.
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da nešto bude pristupačno,
sve treba da stane u jednu veličinu.
sve treba da stane u jednu veličinu.
06:44
And they're distributing massively
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Oni imaju masivne i prilično složene
06:46
really complex manufacturing capabilities.
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proizvodne mogućnosti.
06:49
We're moving into this future where the factory is everywhere,
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Idemo ka budućnosti
gde su fabrike svuda,
gde su fabrike svuda,
06:53
and increasingly that means
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a to znači
06:54
that the design team is everyone.
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da svako može da bude dizajnerski tim.
06:57
That really is an industrial revolution.
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To je zaista industrijska revolucija.
07:00
And when we think that the major ideological conflicts
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Kada mislimo da su glavni ideološki sukobi
07:03
that we inherited were all based around this question
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koje smo usvojili,
bili bazirani na ovom pitanju
bili bazirani na ovom pitanju
07:05
of who should control the means of production,
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ko treba da kontroliše stvaranje,
07:07
and these technologies are coming back with a solution:
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ove tehnologije se vraćaju sa rešenjem:
07:10
actually, maybe no one. All of us.
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u stvari, možda niko.
Svi mi.
Svi mi.
07:14
And we were fascinated by
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Bili smo fascinirani onim
07:16
what that might mean for architecture.
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što bi to značilo za arhitekturu.
07:19
So about a year and a half ago,
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Tako da pre oko godinu i po dana
07:21
we started working on a project called WikiHouse,
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počeli smo sa radom na projektu
pod nazivom WikiHouse,
pod nazivom WikiHouse,
07:23
and WikiHouse is an open-source construction system.
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a to je sistem građenja
otvorenog koda.
otvorenog koda.
07:26
And the idea is to make it possible for anyone
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Ideja je da se omoći svakome
07:29
to go online, access a freely shared library
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da ode na internet,
pristupi besplatnoj biblioteci
pristupi besplatnoj biblioteci
07:31
of 3D models which they can download and adapt in,
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3D modela, koje mogu
da preuzmu i preoblikuju trenutno
da preuzmu i preoblikuju trenutno
07:36
at the moment, SketchUp, because it's free, and it's easy to use,
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u SketcUp-u jer je besplatan
i jednostavan za korišćenje
i jednostavan za korišćenje
07:39
and almost at the click of a switch
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i gotovo klikom miša
07:42
they can generate a set of cutting files
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mogu da stvore set izvođačkih planova
07:44
which allow them, in effect,
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koji im omogućavaju
07:46
to print out the parts from a house using a CNC machine
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da štampaju delove kuće
korišćenjem CNC mašine
korišćenjem CNC mašine
07:50
and a standard sheet material like plywood.
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i standardnog izvoda materijala,
poput šperploče.
poput šperploče.
07:53
And the parts are all numbered,
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Delovi su numerisani
07:56
and basically what you end up with is a really big IKEA kit.
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i ono što proizvedete
je gotovo veoma velika IKEA granitura.
je gotovo veoma velika IKEA granitura.
08:00
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:02
And it goes together without any bolts.
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Sve se spaja bez ikakvih šrafova.
08:05
It uses wedge and peg connections.
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Koriste se šipke i metalni zglobovi.
08:07
And even the mallets to make it
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Čak i čekići za pravljenje
08:09
can be provided on the cutting sheets as well.
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mogu biti obezbeđeni
na izvođačkim planovima.
na izvođačkim planovima.
08:11
And a team of about two or three people,
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I tim od otprilike dvoje ili troje ljudi,
08:14
working together, can build this.
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zajedničkim radom, može ovo da napravi.
08:16
They don't need any traditional construction skills.
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Nisu im potrebna
tradicionalna znanja iz konstrukcija.
tradicionalna znanja iz konstrukcija.
08:18
They don't need a huge array of power tools or anything like that,
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Nije im potreban nikakav arsenal alata
na struju ili bilo čega sličnog.
na struju ili bilo čega sličnog.
08:22
and they can build a small house of about this size
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Mogu napraviti malu kuću ove veličine
08:24
in about a day.
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za jedan dan.
08:29
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
08:36
And what you end up with is just the basic chassis of a house
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Ono što napravite je osnovni
okvir za kuću
okvir za kuću
08:39
onto which you can then apply systems like windows
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na kom možete primenjivati sisteme:
poput prozora
poput prozora
08:42
and cladding and insulation and services
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obloga, izolacija i drugih radova,
08:44
based on what's cheap and what's available.
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baziranih na tome
šta je jeftino i dostupno.
šta je jeftino i dostupno.
08:47
Of course, the house is never finished.
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Naravno, kuća nikada nije završena.
08:49
We're shifting our heads here, so the house is not a finished product.
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Mi gledamo u ovo,
a kuća nije završen proizvod.
a kuća nije završen proizvod.
08:52
With the CNC machine, you can make new parts for it
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Sa CNC mašinom,
možete napraviti nove delove
možete napraviti nove delove
08:55
over its life or even use it to make the house next door.
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izvan plana kuće i čak
da napravite susednu kuću.
da napravite susednu kuću.
08:58
So we can begin to see the seed of a completely open-source,
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Možemo početi da gledamo začetak
kompletno otvorenog pristupa
kompletno otvorenog pristupa
09:02
citizen-led urban development model, potentially.
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modela urbanog razvoja
koji stvara stanovništvo.
koji stvara stanovništvo.
09:06
And we and others have built a few prototypes around the world now,
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Trenutno smo napravili
i nekoliko prototipova širom sveta
i nekoliko prototipova širom sveta
09:10
and some really interesting lessons here.
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i izvukli nekoliko zanimljivih lekija.
09:12
One of them is that it's always incredibly sociable.
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Jedna od njih je da je to uvek
neverovatno druželjubiva aktivnost.
neverovatno druželjubiva aktivnost.
09:14
People get confused between construction work and having fun.
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Ljudi se zbunjuju između
građevinskih radova i zabave.
građevinskih radova i zabave.
09:19
But the principles of openness go right down
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Ali principi otvorenosti sažimaju se
09:22
into the really mundane, physical details.
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u prilično rutinskim, fizičkim detaljima -
09:24
Like, never designing a piece that can't be lifted up.
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poput, nikada ne dizajnirajte deo
koji se ne može podići.
koji se ne može podići.
09:27
Or, when you're designing a piece,
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Ili kada dizajnirate deo,
09:29
make sure you either can't put it in the wrong way round,
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budite sigurni da ga ne možete staviti
na pogrešno mesto
na pogrešno mesto
09:32
or, if you do, it doesn't matter, because it's symmetrical.
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ili ako to uradite,
da to nema veze jer je simetrično.
da to nema veze jer je simetrično.
09:34
Probably the principal which runs deepest with us
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Princip koji nam verovatno
najviše odgovara
najviše odgovara
09:38
is the principal set out by Linus Torvalds,
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je princip projektovanja Linusa Torvaldsa,
09:41
the open-source pioneer,
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pionira slobodnog pristupa,
09:44
which was that idea of, "Be lazy like a fox."
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a njegova ideja je bila:
"Budite lenji kao pas."
"Budite lenji kao pas."
09:47
Don't reinvent the wheel every time.
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Ne izmišljajte stalno nove delove.
09:49
Take what already works, and adapt it for your own needs.
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Koristite ono što već funkcioniše
i prilagodite to svojim potrebama.
i prilagodite to svojim potrebama.
09:53
Contrary to almost everything that you might get taught
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Nasuprot gotovo svemu čemu su vas učili
09:56
at an architecture school, copying is good.
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u školama arhitekture, kopiranje je dobro.
10:00
Which is appropriate, because actually,
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Što je i logično jer u stvari
10:02
this approach is not innovative.
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ovaj pristup nije inovativan.
10:03
It's actually how we built buildings
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To je način građenja objekata,
10:05
for hundreds of years before the Industrial Revolution
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kao ovo zajedničko podizanje štala,
10:08
in these sorts of community barn-raisings.
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stotinama godina pre industrijske revolucije.
10:10
The only difference between traditional
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Jedina razlika između tradicionalne
10:12
vernacular architecture and open-source architecture
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narodne arhitekture
i arhitekture otvorenog pristupa,
i arhitekture otvorenog pristupa,
10:15
might be a web connection,
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može biti internet veza,
10:17
but it's a really, really big difference.
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ali to je mnogo, mnogo velika razlika.
10:19
We shared the whole of WikiHouse
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Delili smo sve kolekcije WikiHouse
10:21
under a Creative Commons license,
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pod Creative Commons licencom
10:23
and now what's just beginning to happen
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i ono što počinje da se dešava je
10:24
is that groups around the world are beginning to take it
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da grupe širom sveta počinju
da ih uzimaju
da ih uzimaju
10:26
and use it and hack it and tinker with it, and it's amazing.
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koriste, dorađuju i bave se njima
i rezultati su iznenađujući.
i rezultati su iznenađujući.
10:29
There's a cool group over in Christchurch in New Zealand
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Postoji veoma kul grupa
u Kristčurču na Novom Zelandu
u Kristčurču na Novom Zelandu
10:32
looking at post-earthquake development housing,
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koja se bavi gradnjom kuća
otpornih na zemljotres
otpornih na zemljotres
10:35
and thanks to the TED city Prize,
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i zahvaljujući TED City nagradi
10:38
we're working with an awesome group in one of Rio's favelas
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sarađujemo sa fenomenalnom grupom
u jednoj od favela u Rio de Žaneiru
u jednoj od favela u Rio de Žaneiru
10:41
to set up a kind of community factory
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kako bismo smestili
neku vrstu lokalne fabrike
neku vrstu lokalne fabrike
10:43
and micro-university.
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i mikro-univerzitet.
10:45
These are very, very small beginnings,
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Ovo su veoma mali počeci
10:47
and actually there's more people in the last week
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i više ljudi tokom poslednje nedelje
10:50
who have got in touch and they're not even on this map.
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je ostalo u kontaktu,
a koji čak ni nisu na ovoj mapi.
a koji čak ni nisu na ovoj mapi.
10:52
I hope next time you see it, you won't even be able to see the map.
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Nadam se da kada ga sledeći put pogledate,
nećete moći da vidite mapu.
nećete moći da vidite mapu.
10:56
We're aware that WikiHouse is a very, very small answer,
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Svesni smo da je WikiHouse
veoma mali odgovor,
veoma mali odgovor,
11:00
but it's a small answer to a really, really big question,
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ali je mali odgovor na zaista veliko pitanje
11:04
which is that globally, right now, the fastest-growing cities
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koje je globalno -
trenutno, najbrže rastući gradovi
trenutno, najbrže rastući gradovi
11:08
are not skyscraper cities.
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nisu oni sa oblakoderima.
11:10
They're self-made cities in one form or another.
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To su samostalno pravljeni gradovi
u jednom ili drugom obliku.
u jednom ili drugom obliku.
11:14
If we're talking about the 21st-century city,
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Ako govorimo o gradovima 21. veka
11:18
these are the guys who are going to be making it.
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ovo su ljudi koji će ih napraviti.
11:20
You know, like it or not, welcome to the world's biggest design team.
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Znate, sviđalo vam se ili ne, dobrodošli
u najveći svetski dizajnerski tim.
u najveći svetski dizajnerski tim.
11:25
So if we're serious about problems
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Ako budemo ozbiljno razmišljali
o problemima
o problemima
11:27
like climate change, urbanization and health,
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kimatskih promena, urbanizacije i zdravlja
11:31
actually, our existing development models aren't going to do it.
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naši postojeći modeli razvoja
nisu dovoljni.
nisu dovoljni.
11:35
As I think Robert Neuwirth said, there isn't a bank
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Mislim da je Robert Nojrvirt rekao
da ne postoji banka
da ne postoji banka
11:37
or a corporation or a government or an NGO
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preduzeće, vlada ili nevladina organizacija
11:40
who's going to be able to do it
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koja će to moći da uradi
11:41
if we treat citizens only as consumers.
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ako budemo tretirali stanovnike
samo kao potrošače.
samo kao potrošače.
11:45
How extraordinary would it be, though, if collectively
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Kako bi samo bilo izvanredno,
kada bi zajedno
kada bi zajedno
11:49
we were to develop solutions not just to the problem
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razvili rešenja ne samo za problem
11:51
of structure that we've been working on,
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strukture na kom radimo,
11:53
but to infrastructure problems like solar-powered air conditioning,
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već probleme infrastukture,
poput klimatizacije na solarnu energiju
poput klimatizacije na solarnu energiju
11:58
off-grid energy, off-grid sanitation --
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struje van mreže, kanalizacije van mreže -
12:01
low-cost, open-source, high-performance solutions
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nisko-tarifna, otvorenih izvora,
rešenja visokih performansi,
rešenja visokih performansi,
12:05
that anyone can very, very easily make,
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koja svako može veoma lako
da napravi
da napravi
12:07
and to put them all into a commons
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i da ih implementira u zajednicu,
12:09
where they're owned by everyone and they're accessible by everyone?
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gde bi ih svako imao
i gde bi svima bili pristupačna.
i gde bi svima bili pristupačna.
12:13
A kind of Wikipedia for stuff?
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Neka vrsta Vikipedije za robu?
12:17
And once something's in the commons,
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A kad nešto postane zajedničko,
12:19
it will always be there.
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uvek će i biti.
12:21
How much would that change the rules?
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Koliko bi to promenilo pravila?
12:24
And I think the technology's on our side.
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Mislim da je tehnologija na našoj strani.
12:28
If design's great project in the 20th century
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Ukoliko je dobar dizajnerski projekat
u 20. veku
u 20. veku
12:31
was the democratization of consumption --
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bila demokratizacija potrošnje
12:35
that was Henry Ford, Levittown, Coca-Cola, IKEA —
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kao što je Henri Ford, Levitaun,
Koka kola, IKEA -
Koka kola, IKEA -
12:41
I think design's great project in the 21st century
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smatram da je dobar
dizajnerski projekat u 21. veku
dizajnerski projekat u 21. veku
12:45
is the democratization of production.
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demokratizacija proizvodnje.
12:48
And when it comes to architecture in cities,
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A kad govorimo o arhitekturi u gradovima
12:51
that really matters.
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to je veoma značajno.
12:53
Thank you very much.
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Hvala vam.
12:54
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alastair Parvin - DesignerAlastair Parvin believes in making architecture accessible to 100 percent of the population.
Why you should listen
"As a society we’ve never needed design thinking more,” says Alastair Parvin, but most people -- particularly those in cities of growing density and poverty -- can’t afford it. Parvin, who was trained in architecture but chooses to make a career looking for ideas beyond its conventional framework, wants to change that.
He is one of a team behind WikiHouse, an open-source construction set that allows anyone to freely share model files for structures, which can then be downloaded, "printed" via CNC cutting machine and easily assembled. Parvin calls WikiHouse a very early experiment, the seed of what he sees as design’s great project in the 21st century: the democratization of production.
Alastair Parvin | Speaker | TED.com