ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alastair Parvin - Designer
Alastair Parvin believes in making architecture accessible to 100 percent of the population.

Why you should listen

"As a society we’ve never needed design thinking more,” says Alastair Parvin, but most people -- particularly those in cities of growing density and poverty -- can’t afford it. Parvin, who was trained in architecture but chooses to make a career looking for ideas beyond its conventional framework, wants to change that.

He is one of a team behind WikiHouse, an open-source construction set that allows anyone to freely share model files for structures, which can then be downloaded, "printed" via CNC cutting machine and easily assembled. Parvin calls WikiHouse a very early experiment, the seed of what he sees as design’s great project in the 21st century: the democratization of production.

More profile about the speaker
Alastair Parvin | Speaker | TED.com
TED2013

Alastair Parvin: Architecture for the people by the people

阿拉斯泰尔.帕尔文: 以人为本的建筑

Filmed:
1,585,117 views

建筑师阿拉斯泰尔.帕尔文提出了一个简单而又有争议的想法:与其让建筑师为那些请得起他们的人盖楼,何不如让平民们自行设计并建造他们的房子?这正是维基之家这项开放资源工具的核心理念,即每个人都能在任何地方建造楼房。
- Designer
Alastair Parvin believes in making architecture accessible to 100 percent of the population. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
When we use the word "architect建筑师" or "designer设计师,"
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当我们提到建筑师或者设计师
00:16
what we usually平时 mean is a professional专业的,
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通常是指专业的人员
00:18
someone有人 who gets得到 paid支付,
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以专业水平收取报酬
00:21
and we tend趋向 to assume承担 that it's those professionals专业人士
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我们就认为是那些专业人员
00:24
who are going to be the ones那些 to help us solve解决
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会帮助解决
00:26
the really big, systemic系统的 design设计 challenges挑战 that we face面对
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我们所面对的巨大的系统设计难题
00:28
like climate气候 change更改, urbanization城市化 and social社会 inequality不等式.
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比如气候变化,城市化和社会不平等问题
00:32
That's our kind of working加工 presumption假定.
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这是我们想当然的看法
00:35
And I think it's wrong错误, actually其实.
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但我认为事实并非如此
00:38
In 2008, I was just about to graduate毕业 from architecture建筑 school学校
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2008年时,我正准备从建筑学院毕业
00:41
after several一些 years年份, and go out and get a job工作,
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经过几年的学习之后 准备出去找份工作
00:44
and this happened发生.
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而这就是当时的现状
00:47
The economy经济 ran out of jobs工作.
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经济形式导致就业市场低迷
00:49
And a couple一对 of things struck来袭 me about this.
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这使我意识到几件事
00:52
One, don't listen to career事业 advisers顾问.
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第一点 不要听信职业顾问的话
00:56
And two, actually其实 this is a fascinating迷人 paradox悖论 for architecture建筑,
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第二点 同时也是一个有趣的建筑学驳论
01:00
which哪一个 is that, as a society社会, we've我们已经 never needed需要 design设计 thinking思维 more,
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即社会史无前例地需要更深思熟虑的设计
01:04
and yet然而 architecture建筑 was literally按照字面 becoming变得 unemployed失业的.
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而当时建筑学专业却逐渐呈失业状
01:08
It strikes罢工 me that we talk very deeply about design设计,
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我意识到关于建筑设计我们讲的很深
01:12
but actually其实 there's an economics经济学 behind背后 architecture建筑
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但实际上 建筑背后的经济学
01:14
that we don't talk about, and I think we need to.
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我们却没有讨论到,而我认为是值得关注的
01:17
And a good place地点 to start开始 is your own拥有 paycheck薪水.
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首先谈谈我们的工资
01:20
So, as a bottom-of-the-rung底的最梯级 architecture建筑 graduate毕业,
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作为一名最底层的建筑学专业毕业生
01:23
I might威力 expect期望 to earn about 24,000 pounds英镑.
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我预期能够赚到2万4千英镑
01:26
That's about 36,000, 37,000 dollars美元.
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约合美元3万6,3万7左右
01:29
Now in terms条款 of the whole整个 world's世界 population人口,
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以全世界的人口来看
01:31
that already已经 puts看跌期权 me in the top最佳 1.95 richest首富 people,
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这已经使我居于前1.95%的富人当中
01:36
which哪一个 raises加薪 the question of, who is it I'm working加工 for?
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我不禁要问,我究竟在为谁工作?
01:40
The uncomfortable不舒服 fact事实 is that
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令人不安的事实是
01:42
actually其实 almost几乎 everything that we call architecture建筑 today今天
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如今几乎所有我们可以称之为建筑的建筑
01:45
is actually其实 the business商业 of designing设计
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事实上都在为
01:47
for about the richest首富 one percent百分 of the world's世界 population人口,
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世界上最富有的1%的人而设计建造
01:50
and it always has been.
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一直如此
01:53
The reason原因 why we forgot忘记 that
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我们之所以忽略这一点
01:54
is because the times in history历史 when architecture建筑
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是因为历史上
01:56
did the most to transform转变 society社会 were those times
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因建筑造成社会转型
01:59
when, actually其实, the one percent百分 would build建立
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事实上,都是那些1%的人
02:02
on behalf代表 of the 99 percent百分, for various各个 different不同 reasons原因,
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就代表了99%的人,出于不同原因而造的
02:05
whether是否 that was through通过 philanthropy慈善事业 in the 19th century世纪,
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不管是因为19世纪的慈善活动
02:08
communism共产主义 in the early 20th,
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或是20世纪前期的共产主义
02:10
the welfare福利 state, and most recently最近, of course课程,
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或是福利国家,当然还有近年来的
02:13
through通过 this inflated充气 real真实 estate房地产 bubble泡沫.
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膨胀的房地产泡沫
02:17
And all of those booms繁荣, in their own拥有 various各个 ways方法,
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所有这些建筑繁荣的时期,尽管各自方式不同
02:20
have now kicked the bucket,
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如今都已消逝殆尽了
02:22
and we're back in this situation情况
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于是我们退回到这种情形
02:24
where the smartest最聪明的 designers设计师 and architects建筑师 in the world世界
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世界上最棒的设计师和建筑师
02:29
are only really able能够 to work for one percent百分 of the population人口.
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只能为那1%的人工作
02:33
Now it's not just that that's bad for democracy民主,
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这不仅有害于民主政治
02:35
though虽然 I think it probably大概 is,
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虽然我认为可能性很大
02:37
it's actually其实 not a very clever聪明 business商业 strategy战略, actually其实.
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事实上这不是个明智的商业战略
02:40
I think the challenge挑战 facing面对 the next下一个 generation of architects建筑师
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我想下一代建筑学家所面临的挑战是
02:43
is, how are we going to turn our client客户
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怎样将这我们的客户
02:45
from the one percent百分 to the 100 percent百分?
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从那1%扩展到所有人
02:48
And I want to offer提供 three slightly counterintuitive有悖常理 ideas思路
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我来跟大家说三个略微有些反常规的想法
02:52
for how it might威力 be doneDONE.
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解释如何实现这一目标
02:54
The first is, I think we need to question this idea理念
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第一,我觉得我们得质疑
02:57
that architecture建筑 is about making制造 buildings房屋.
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建筑就是盖楼这一观点
02:59
Actually其实, a building建造 is about the most expensive昂贵 solution
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事实上,盖楼大概是你能想到的
03:02
you can think of to almost几乎 any given特定 problem问题.
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解决问题最昂贵的方法
03:05
And fundamentally从根本上, design设计 should be much, much more interested有兴趣
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设计应该更注重在解决问题和创建新环境上
03:08
in solving problems问题 and creating创建 new conditions条件.
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在解决问题和创建新条件上
03:10
So here's这里的 a story故事.
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给大家讲一个故事
03:12
The office办公室 was working加工 with a school学校,
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有个团队正在和一所学校合作
03:14
and they had an old Victorian维多利亚时代 school学校 building建造.
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学校有一栋维多利亚时代的老建筑
03:16
And they said to the architects建筑师, "Look,
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然后他们跟建筑师说:“看,
03:19
our corridors走廊 are an absolute绝对 nightmare恶梦.
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我们的走廊真是惨不忍睹
03:21
They're far too small. They get congested拥挤 between之间 classes.
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实在是太小了,课间的时候就会特别挤
03:23
There's bullying欺凌. We can't control控制 them.
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因此有学生被欺负,我们实在是没办法
03:25
So what we want you to do is re-plan重新规划 our entire整个 building建造,
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所以我们希望你们能重新设计整个建筑
03:28
and we know it's going to cost成本 several一些 million百万 pounds英镑,
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我们也知道会耗资数百万英镑
03:30
but we're reconciled不甘心 to the fact事实."
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但我们也接受现实了
03:32
And the team球队 thought about this, and they went away,
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然后这个团队想了一下就走了
03:35
and they said, "Actually其实, don't do that.
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他们说,”其实,没必要
03:37
Instead代替, get rid摆脱 of the school学校 bell.
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只需在校铃上做文章即可
03:40
And instead代替 of having one school学校 bell that goes off once一旦,
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与其让校铃敲响一次
03:43
have several一些 smaller school学校 bells钟声 that go off
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倒不如分几个小的校铃
03:45
in different不同 places地方 and different不同 times,
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在不同的时间和地点分批响
03:47
distribute分发 the traffic交通 through通过 the corridors走廊."
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对走廊实行交通分流。”
03:49
It solves解决了 the same相同 problem问题,
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问题就迎刃而解了
03:51
but instead代替 of spending开支 several一些 million百万 pounds英镑,
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相比耗资几百万英镑
03:54
you spend several一些 hundred pounds英镑.
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你们只需几百英镑就搞定
03:56
Now, it looks容貌 like you're doing yourself你自己 out of a job工作,
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这样看起来似乎你砸了自己的饭碗
03:59
but you're not. You're actually其实 making制造 yourself你自己 more useful有用.
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其实不然,你实际上让自己的价值提升了
04:01
Architects建筑师 are actually其实 really, really good
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建筑师其实都是非常非常擅长
04:03
at this kind of resourceful足智多谋, strategic战略 thinking思维.
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这种足智多谋和具有策略性的思考方式
04:05
And the problem问题 is that, like a lot of design设计 professions职业,
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问题是,像很多专业设计师
04:07
we got fixated迷恋 on the idea理念 of providing提供
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我们总会自我禁锢在
04:09
a particular特定 kind of consumer消费者 product产品,
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“要做出某一种特定的产品”这一想法上
04:11
and I don't think that needs需求 to be the case案件 anymore.
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我觉得这种想法是时候改变了
04:14
The second第二 idea理念 worth价值 questioning疑问 is this 20th-centuryTH-世纪 thing
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第二个值得质疑的,是关于20世纪
04:18
that mass architecture建筑 is about big --
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大众建筑离不开大型二字
04:21
big buildings房屋 and big finance金融.
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大型建筑和庞大的资金
04:24
Actually其实, we've我们已经 got ourselves我们自己 locked锁定 into this
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其实是我们自己挣脱不出
04:26
Industrial产业 Era时代 mindset心态 which哪一个 says that
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工业时代这一思维定势,即
04:28
the only people who can make cities城市 are large organizations组织
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只有那些大型组织才能建造城市
04:32
or corporations公司 who build建立 on our behalf代表,
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或是那些以我们的名义而建造的公司企业
04:34
procuring淫媒 whole整个 neighborhoods社区
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把我们的整个社区
04:36
in single, monolithic单片 projects项目, and of course课程,
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押在单一的,大型的项目上,当然
04:40
form形成 follows如下 finance金融.
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形式要服从财政
04:42
So what you end结束 up with are single, monolithic单片 neighborhoods社区
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所以我们看到的是那些单一大型的社区
04:45
based基于 on this kind of one-size-fits-all一个尺寸适合所有人 model模型.
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建造格局都是通用型的
04:49
And a lot of people can't even afford给予 them.
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并且有很多人还负担不起
04:51
But what if, actually其实, it's possible可能 now for cities城市
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但如果,其实现在已经有可能
04:54
to be made制作 not just by the few少数 with a lot
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让城市不再由那些少数持巨资的人所建造
04:57
but also by the many许多 with a bit?
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而是由大众平民取而代之?
05:00
And when they do, they bring带来 with them
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一旦成真了,他们就他们想要的居住环境
05:01
a completely全然 different不同 set of values about the place地点 that they want to live生活.
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引入一套完全不同的价值观
05:05
And it raises加薪 really interesting有趣 questions问题 about,
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这就引发了很有趣的问题
05:07
how will we plan计划 cities城市? How will finance金融 development发展?
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如我们将如何规划城市?资金要如何开发?
05:10
How will we sell design设计 services服务?
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我们将如何推销设计服务?
05:12
What would it mean for democratic民主的 societies社会
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这对民主社会为市民提供创城机会来说
05:14
to offer提供 their citizens公民 a right to build建立?
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意味着什么?
05:16
And in a way it should be kind of obvious明显, right,
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这应该是显而易见的,对吧
05:19
that in the 21stST century世纪, maybe cities城市 can be developed发达 by citizens公民.
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在21世纪,也许城市可以由市民来发展规划
05:24
And thirdly第三, we need to remember记得 that,
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第三点,我们需要记住
05:27
from a strictly严格 economic经济 point of view视图,
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从经济学角度严格来说
05:30
design设计 shares分享 a category类别 with sex性别 and care关心 of the elderly老年 --
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设计和性还有老年人的护理是同个类别的
05:35
mostly大多 it's doneDONE by amateurs业余.
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大部分都是由业余人士来完成的
05:37
And that's a good thing.
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这是个好事
05:39
Most of the work takes place地点 outside of the monetary货币 economy经济
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大部分都不是发生在货币经济体系之内
05:42
in what's called the social社会 economy经济 or the core核心 economy经济,
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而是在社会经济体系或核心经济体系内
05:45
which哪一个 is people doing it for themselves他们自己.
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即人们是为了他们自身而做
05:47
And the problem问题 is that, up until直到 now,
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问题就是,到目前为止
05:50
it was the monetary货币 economy经济 which哪一个 had
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拥有全部设施和工具的
05:52
all the infrastructure基础设施 and all the tools工具.
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是货币经济体系
05:54
So the challenge挑战 we face面对 is, how are we going
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那么我们面临的挑战就是
05:56
to build建立 the tools工具, the infrastructure基础设施 and the institutions机构
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我们将如何建造这些工具,设施和机构
05:59
for architecture's建筑的 social社会 economy经济?
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来实现建筑学的社会经济体系?
06:01
And that began开始 with open-source开源 software软件.
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这从开源软件而开始
06:04
And over the last few少数 years年份, it's been moving移动
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在过去的几年里,它逐渐过渡到
06:06
into the physical物理 world世界 with open-source开源 hardware硬件,
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开源硬件的物质世界状态
06:09
which哪一个 are freely自如 shared共享 blueprints蓝图
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即免费分享的蓝图
06:10
that anyone任何人 can download下载 and make for themselves他们自己.
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人人都可以下载自行建造
06:14
And that's where 3D printing印花 gets得到 really, really interesting有趣.
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而3D打印技术也因此变得有趣
06:17
Right? When suddenly突然 you had a 3D printer打印机
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当你突然有台3D打印机
06:21
that was open-source开源, the parts部分 for which哪一个
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资源开放,其零件可通过
06:22
could be made制作 on another另一个 3D printer打印机.
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另外一台3D打印机上制作出来
06:25
Or the same相同 idea理念 here, which哪一个 is for a CNCCNC machine,
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或者同样原理,放到数控机床上,
06:28
which哪一个 is like a large printer打印机 that can cut sheets床单 of plywood合板.
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好像一个可以切割夹板的大型打印机
06:32
What these technologies技术 are doing is radically根本
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这些技术所做的是大幅度地
06:35
lowering降低 the thresholds阈值 of time and cost成本 and skill技能.
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降低了时间、成本和技能的门槛
06:38
They're challenging具有挑战性的 the idea理念 that
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他们挑战了传统的观点
06:40
if you want something to be affordable实惠 it's got to be one-size-fits-all一个尺寸适合所有人.
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即你想要便宜就得接受通用的模型
06:44
And they're distributing分布 massively大规模
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它们也大规模地传播
06:46
really complex复杂 manufacturing制造业 capabilities功能.
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非常复杂的生产制造能力
06:49
We're moving移动 into this future未来 where the factory is everywhere到处,
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我们将要步入的未来是到处都有工厂
06:53
and increasingly日益 that means手段
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同时也意味着
06:54
that the design设计 team球队 is everyone大家.
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每个人都是设计师
06:57
That really is an industrial产业 revolution革命.
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那真是一场工业革命
07:00
And when we think that the major重大的 ideological思想 conflicts冲突
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当我们思考我们继承的主要意识形态冲突
07:03
that we inherited遗传 were all based基于 around this question
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都是基于这样一个问题
07:05
of who should control控制 the means手段 of production生产,
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即谁应该控制生产途径
07:07
and these technologies技术 are coming未来 back with a solution:
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而这些技术给出了答案:
07:10
actually其实, maybe no one. All of us.
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实际上,不是一个人,而是我们大家
07:14
And we were fascinated入迷 by
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我们也惊讶于
07:16
what that might威力 mean for architecture建筑.
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这对建筑学意味着什么
07:19
So about a year and a half ago,
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大约一年半以前
07:21
we started开始 working加工 on a project项目 called WikiHouseWikiHouse,
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我们开始了一个项目叫做维基之家
07:23
and WikiHouseWikiHouse is an open-source开源 construction施工 system系统.
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这是一套开放性的建筑系统
07:26
And the idea理念 is to make it possible可能 for anyone任何人
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旨在让每个人都能够
07:29
to go online线上, access访问 a freely自如 shared共享 library图书馆
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上网查找免费共享的资源库
07:31
of 3D models楷模 which哪一个 they can download下载 and adapt适应 in,
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寻找能够下载并适用的3D模型
07:36
at the moment时刻, SketchUp的SketchUp, because it's free自由, and it's easy简单 to use,
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目前SketchUp由于其免费、使用方便
07:39
and almost几乎 at the click点击 of a switch开关
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几乎只需点一下按钮
07:42
they can generate生成 a set of cutting切割 files
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就能生成一套切割文件的特点
07:44
which哪一个 allow允许 them, in effect影响,
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使得他们
07:46
to print打印 out the parts部分 from a house using运用 a CNCCNC machine
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能够通过数控机床打印出各部件
07:50
and a standard标准 sheet material材料 like plywood合板.
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以及标准的板材如夹板
07:53
And the parts部分 are all numbered编号,
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各部件都有标号
07:56
and basically基本上 what you end结束 up with is a really big IKEAIKEA kit套件.
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基本上你得到的就是一个超大的宜家工具箱
08:00
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
08:02
And it goes together一起 without any bolts螺栓.
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无需任何螺栓就能组装
08:05
It uses使用 wedge and peg衣夹 connections连接.
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它用的是楔子和挂钩来连接
08:07
And even the mallets木槌 to make it
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甚至制作它的木槌
08:09
can be provided提供 on the cutting切割 sheets床单 as well.
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都能通过板材来制作
08:11
And a team球队 of about two or three people,
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一个由两三人组成的团队
08:14
working加工 together一起, can build建立 this.
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就能合作制造
08:16
They don't need any traditional传统 construction施工 skills技能.
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他们无需任何传统的建筑技能
08:18
They don't need a huge巨大 array排列 of power功率 tools工具 or anything like that,
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无需任何大马力的工具
08:22
and they can build建立 a small house of about this size尺寸
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就能制造这样大小的一间房子
08:24
in about a day.
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只需大约一天时间
08:29
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
08:36
And what you end结束 up with is just the basic基本 chassis机壳 of a house
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你只需要关于建房的一些基本知识
08:39
onto which哪一个 you can then apply应用 systems系统 like windows视窗
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比如如何安装窗户
08:42
and cladding包层 and insulation绝缘 and services服务
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如何覆盖外墙,铺设绝缘层和其他功能区
08:44
based基于 on what's cheap低廉 and what's available可得到.
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根据价格和适用的材料而定
08:47
Of course课程, the house is never finished.
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当然,房子没有完成
08:49
We're shifting our heads here, so the house is not a finished product产品.
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我们看这里,房子还没有完工
08:52
With the CNCCNC machine, you can make new parts部分 for it
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有了数控机床,你还可以制作其他新的部件
08:55
over its life or even use it to make the house next下一个 door.
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甚至用它来造隔壁的房子
08:58
So we can begin开始 to see the seed种子 of a completely全然 open-source开源,
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我们可以看到开放性资源为
09:02
citizen-led公民主导 urban城市的 development发展 model模型, potentially可能.
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市民引导的城市发展模型播下了种子
09:06
And we and others其他 have built内置 a few少数 prototypes原型 around the world世界 now,
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我们和同行们已经在世界各地建造了一些原型
09:10
and some really interesting有趣 lessons教训 here.
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有一些非常有趣的知识
09:12
One of them is that it's always incredibly令人难以置信 sociable社交的.
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其中一点就是这是相当大众化的
09:14
People get confused困惑 between之间 construction施工 work and having fun开玩笑.
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人们分不清盖楼和找乐的区别
09:19
But the principles原则 of openness透明度 go right down
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但开放性的原理直接涉及
09:22
into the really mundane平凡, physical物理 details细节.
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平凡的物理细节
09:24
Like, never designing设计 a piece that can't be lifted取消 up.
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比如,永远不要设计一块抬不起来的材料
09:27
Or, when you're designing设计 a piece,
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或者,当你设计材料的时候
09:29
make sure you either can't put it in the wrong错误 way round回合,
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要么确保怎么放都不会错
09:32
or, if you do, it doesn't matter, because it's symmetrical对称.
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或者放错了也没关系,因为是对称的
09:34
Probably大概 the principal主要 which哪一个 runs运行 deepest最深 with us
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也许最深入我们内心的原理
09:38
is the principal主要 set out by Linus莱纳斯 Torvalds托瓦尔兹,
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是来自于林纳斯·托瓦兹
09:41
the open-source开源 pioneer先锋,
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开放性的先驱
09:44
which哪一个 was that idea理念 of, "Be lazy like a fox狐狸."
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那种“像狐狸一样懒惰”的理念
09:47
Don't reinvent重塑 the wheel every一切 time.
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不要每次都重新发明一种轮子
09:49
Take what already已经 works作品, and adapt适应 it for your own拥有 needs需求.
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拿现行的,稍作改进符合自己的需要
09:53
Contrary相反 to almost几乎 everything that you might威力 get taught
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和你在建筑学院里学的恰恰相反
09:56
at an architecture建筑 school学校, copying仿形 is good.
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抄袭是好事
10:00
Which哪一个 is appropriate适当, because actually其实,
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这很合适,因为实际上
10:02
this approach途径 is not innovative创新.
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这种方法并不创新
10:03
It's actually其实 how we built内置 buildings房屋
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这其实就是工业革命前数百年来
10:05
for hundreds数以百计 of years年份 before the Industrial产业 Revolution革命
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我们盖楼的方式
10:08
in these sorts排序 of community社区 barn-raisings谷仓募资.
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用那些社区谷仓筹集的钱
10:10
The only difference区别 between之间 traditional传统
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传统地方建筑和开放性建筑的
10:12
vernacular白话 architecture建筑 and open-source开源 architecture建筑
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唯一区别就在于
10:15
might威力 be a web卷筒纸 connection连接,
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网络连接
10:17
but it's a really, really big difference区别.
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但两者却大相径庭
10:19
We shared共享 the whole整个 of WikiHouseWikiHouse
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我们分享维基之家的所有一切
10:21
under a Creative创作的 Commons下议院 license执照,
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基于创作共用授权的精神
10:23
and now what's just beginning开始 to happen发生
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而现在逐渐开始看到
10:24
is that groups around the world世界 are beginning开始 to take it
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世界各地的人们开始使用它
10:26
and use it and hack it and tinker修补匠 with it, and it's amazing惊人.
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进行各种改造利用,非常的神奇
10:29
There's a cool group over in Christchurch克赖斯特彻奇 in New Zealand新西兰
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在新西兰克赖斯特彻奇有一群非常酷的人
10:32
looking at post-earthquake震后 development发展 housing住房,
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在研究地震后的房屋发展设计
10:35
and thanks谢谢 to the TEDTED city Prize,
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由于TED城市奖的存在
10:38
we're working加工 with an awesome真棒 group in one of Rio's力拓 favelas棚户区
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我们与里约贫民窟的一个很棒的群体合作
10:41
to set up a kind of community社区 factory
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建立一种社区工厂
10:43
and micro-university微型大学.
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和微型大学
10:45
These are very, very small beginnings开始,
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这些是很小很小的开端
10:47
and actually其实 there's more people in the last week
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事实上在上一周
10:50
who have got in touch触摸 and they're not even on this map地图.
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与彼此建立了联系,而他们还都不在这幅地图上
10:52
I hope希望 next下一个 time you see it, you won't惯于 even be able能够 to see the map地图.
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我希望下一次你甚至都看不到这幅地图
10:56
We're aware知道的 that WikiHouseWikiHouse is a very, very small answer回答,
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我们意识到维基之家只是一个很小很小的答案
11:00
but it's a small answer回答 to a really, really big question,
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但却回答了一个很大很大的问题
11:04
which哪一个 is that globally全球, right now, the fastest-growing增长最快 cities城市
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即现在全球发展最迅速的城市
11:08
are not skyscraper摩天大楼 cities城市.
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并非那些拥有摩天大楼的城市
11:10
They're self-made自制 cities城市 in one form形成 or another另一个.
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他们是各种自力更生的城市
11:14
If we're talking about the 21st-centuryST-世纪 city,
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要说21世纪的城市谁会成功
11:18
these are the guys who are going to be making制造 it.
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这些人会取得成功
11:20
You know, like it or not, welcome欢迎 to the world's世界 biggest最大 design设计 team球队.
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不论你是否喜欢,欢迎来到世界最大的设计团队
11:25
So if we're serious严重 about problems问题
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如果我们真正想要解决问题
11:27
like climate气候 change更改, urbanization城市化 and health健康,
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如气候变化、城市化和健康问题
11:31
actually其实, our existing现有 development发展 models楷模 aren't going to do it.
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其实我们现有的发展模式并不能解决
11:35
As I think Robert罗伯特 Neuwirth诺伊维尔特 said, there isn't a bank银行
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我记得罗伯特.纽沃夫曾说过:
11:37
or a corporation公司 or a government政府 or an NGO非政府组织
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“没有一间银行或企业或政府或非政府组织
11:40
who's谁是 going to be able能够 to do it
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能够解决这些问题
11:41
if we treat对待 citizens公民 only as consumers消费者.
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如果我们依然把市民当做是消费者”
11:45
How extraordinary非凡 would it be, though虽然, if collectively
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试想一下那会多神奇,如果
11:49
we were to develop发展 solutions解决方案 not just to the problem问题
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我们不仅能够找到
11:51
of structure结构体 that we've我们已经 been working加工 on,
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解决结构优化的方法
11:53
but to infrastructure基础设施 problems问题 like solar-powered太阳能 air空气 conditioning空调,
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而且还能找到解决如太阳能空调
11:58
off-grid离网 energy能源, off-grid离网 sanitation卫生 --
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自给自足能源、环境卫生等基础设施问题
12:01
low-cost低成本, open-source开源, high-performance高性能 solutions解决方案
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价格低廉、开放性、高效能的方法
12:05
that anyone任何人 can very, very easily容易 make,
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每个人都方便地制造
12:07
and to put them all into a commons公地
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所有都能为大众公用
12:09
where they're owned拥有的 by everyone大家 and they're accessible无障碍 by everyone大家?
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归大众所有,为大众所用
12:13
A kind of Wikipedia维基百科 for stuff东东?
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一种物质的维基百科
12:17
And once一旦 something's什么是 in the commons公地,
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一旦有东西为大众公用
12:19
it will always be there.
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它就会一直存在
12:21
How much would that change更改 the rules规则?
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那将如何改变世界规则?
12:24
And I think the technology's技术的 on our side.
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我认为技术也站在我们这一边
12:28
If design's设计的 great project项目 in the 20th century世纪
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如果20世纪设计的伟大项目
12:31
was the democratization民主化 of consumption消费 --
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是对消费的民主化
12:35
that was Henry亨利 Ford, Levittown, Coca-Cola可口可乐, IKEAIKEA
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如亨利福特、莱维顿、可口可乐、宜家-
12:41
I think design's设计的 great project项目 in the 21stST century世纪
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我认为21世纪设计的伟大项目
12:45
is the democratization民主化 of production生产.
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即是生产的民主化
12:48
And when it comes to architecture建筑 in cities城市,
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而谈到城市的建筑时
12:51
that really matters事项.
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那真的是至关重要
12:53
Thank you very much.
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谢谢大家
12:54
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Julia Xu
Reviewed by Ying Wang (王莹)

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alastair Parvin - Designer
Alastair Parvin believes in making architecture accessible to 100 percent of the population.

Why you should listen

"As a society we’ve never needed design thinking more,” says Alastair Parvin, but most people -- particularly those in cities of growing density and poverty -- can’t afford it. Parvin, who was trained in architecture but chooses to make a career looking for ideas beyond its conventional framework, wants to change that.

He is one of a team behind WikiHouse, an open-source construction set that allows anyone to freely share model files for structures, which can then be downloaded, "printed" via CNC cutting machine and easily assembled. Parvin calls WikiHouse a very early experiment, the seed of what he sees as design’s great project in the 21st century: the democratization of production.

More profile about the speaker
Alastair Parvin | Speaker | TED.com