TEDxDeExtinction
Michael Archer: How we'll resurrect the gastric brooding frog, the Tasmanian tiger
Majkl Arčer (Michael Archer): Kako ćemo vaskrsnuti rheobatrachus žabu i tasmanijskog tigra
Filmed:
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592,203 views
Žaba rheobatrachus silus polaže jaja kao i svaka druga žaba - onda ih guta da bi ih inkubirala. To jest, to je radila dok nije istrebljena pre 30 godina. Paleontolog Majkl Arčer objašnjava kako da vratimo rheobatrachus žabu i torbarskog vuka, poznatog još i kao tasmanijski tigar. (Snimljeno na TEDxDeExtinction)
Michael Archer - Paleontologist
Paleontologist Michael Archer is working to bring back his favorite extinct animal: the Tasmanian tiger. Full bio
Paleontologist Michael Archer is working to bring back his favorite extinct animal: the Tasmanian tiger. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I do want to test this question we're all interested in:
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Želim da testiram ovo pitanje
koje nas sve zanima:
koje nas sve zanima:
00:15
Does extinction have to be forever?
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Da li istrebljenje
mora da bude večno?
mora da bude večno?
00:18
I'm focused on two projects I want to tell you about.
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Fokusiran sam na dva projekta
o kojima bih želeo da vam pričam.
o kojima bih želeo da vam pričam.
00:21
One is the Thylacine Project.
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Jedan je projekat Torbarski vuk.
00:23
The other one is the Lazarus Project,
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Drugi je projekat Lazar
00:25
and that's focused on the gastric brooding frog.
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i on je fokusiran
na žabu Rheobatrachus silus.
na žabu Rheobatrachus silus.
00:27
And it would be a fair question to ask, well,
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I bilo bi dobro pitanje
00:29
why have we focused on these two animals?
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zašto smo se fokusirali
na ove dve životinje?
na ove dve životinje?
00:32
Well, point number one, each of them
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Prva stvar, svaka od njih
00:35
represents a unique family of its own.
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predstavlja jedinstvenu porodicu.
00:37
We've lost a whole family.
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Izgubili smo celu porodicu.
00:39
That's a big chunk of the global genome gone.
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To je veliki deo globalnog genoma
koji je nestao.
koji je nestao.
00:41
I'd like it back.
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Voleo bih da ga vratimo.
00:43
The second reason is that we killed these things.
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Drugi razlog je taj
da smo mi ubili ove životinje.
da smo mi ubili ove životinje.
00:47
In the case of the thylacine, regrettably,
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U slučaju torbarskog vuka, nažalost,
00:50
we shot every one that we saw. We slaughtered them.
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ubili smo svakog kog smo videli.
Napravili smo pokolj.
Napravili smo pokolj.
00:54
In the case of the gastric brooding frog,
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U slučaju žabe Rheobatrachus silus
00:56
we may have "fungicided" it to death.
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možda smo je "pesticidirali" na smrt.
00:59
There's a dreadful fungus that's sort of moving
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Postoji užasna gljiva
koja se kreće svetom,
koja se kreće svetom,
01:01
through the world that's called the chytrid fungus,
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koja se zove hitrid gljiva
01:03
and it's nailing frogs all over the world.
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i napada žabe širom sveta.
01:06
We think that's probably what got this frog,
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Mislimo da je to ono
što je istrebilo ovu žabu
što je istrebilo ovu žabu
01:08
and humans are spreading this fungus.
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i ljudi šire ovu gljivu.
01:10
And this introduces a very important ethical point,
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I to uvodi vrlo važno etičko pitanje
01:13
and I think you will have heard this many times
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i mislim da ćete čuti ovo
mnogo puta
mnogo puta
01:15
when this topic comes up.
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kada se bude govorilo
o ovoj temi.
o ovoj temi.
01:17
What I think is important is that,
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Mislim da je važno
01:19
if it's clear that we exterminated these species,
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da ako je jasno
da smo istrebili ove vrste,
da smo istrebili ove vrste,
01:23
then I think we not only have a moral obligation
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onda mislim da imamo
ne samo moralnu obavezu
ne samo moralnu obavezu
01:26
to see what we can do about it, but I think we've got
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da vidimo šta možemo da učinimo
povodom toga, nego mislim
povodom toga, nego mislim
01:28
a moral imperative to try to do something, if we can.
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da je i moralni imperativ
da uradimo nešto ako možemo.
da uradimo nešto ako možemo.
01:32
Okay. Let me talk to you about the Lazarus Project.
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Ok. Da vam kažem nešto
o projektu Lazar.
o projektu Lazar.
01:35
It's a frog. And you think, frog.
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To je žaba.
I pomislili ste, žaba.
I pomislili ste, žaba.
01:38
Yeah, but this was not just any frog.
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Da, ali to nije bila
bilo koja žaba.
bilo koja žaba.
01:41
Unlike a normal frog, which lays its eggs in the water
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Za razliku od normalne žabe,
koja polaže jaja u vodu,
koja polaže jaja u vodu,
01:44
and goes away and wishes its froglets well,
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odlazi i poželi dobro
svojim žabicama,
svojim žabicama,
01:47
this frog swallowed its fertilized eggs,
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ova žaba je gutala
svoja oplođena jaja,
svoja oplođena jaja,
01:50
swallowed them into the stomach where it should be having food,
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gutala u stomak
gde bi trebalo da ide hrana,
gde bi trebalo da ide hrana,
01:54
didn't digest the eggs,
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nije varila jaja
01:56
and turned its stomach into a uterus.
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i pretvarala je svoj stomak u matericu.
01:59
In the stomach, the eggs went on to develop into tadpoles,
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U stomaku jaja su se razvijala
u punoglavce
u punoglavce
02:02
and in the stomach, the tadpoles went on to develop into frogs,
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i punoglavci su se razvijali u žabe
02:06
and they grew in the stomach until eventually
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i rasli su u stomaku dok konačno
02:09
the poor old frog was at risk of bursting apart.
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jadna žaba ne bi dospela u rizik
da eksplodira.
da eksplodira.
02:12
It has a little cough and a hiccup, and out comes
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Malo kašlje i štuca
i izađu napolje
i izađu napolje
02:14
sprays of little frogs.
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mlazevi malih žaba.
02:16
Now, when biologists saw this, they were agog.
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Kad su biolozi videli ovo
bili su jako uzbuđeni.
bili su jako uzbuđeni.
02:19
They thought, this is incredible.
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Mislili su:
ovo je neverovatno.
ovo je neverovatno.
02:20
No animal, let alone a frog, has been known to do this,
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Ni za jednu životinju, a kamoli za žabu,
nije se znalo da radi ovo,
nije se znalo da radi ovo,
02:24
to change one organ in the body into another.
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da pretvori jedan organ u telu
u drugi.
u drugi.
02:26
And you can imagine the medical world went nuts over this as well.
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Možete da pretpostavite da je i medicinski svet
takođe poludeo zbog ovoga.
takođe poludeo zbog ovoga.
02:30
If we could understand how that frog is managing
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Kad bismo mogli da shvatimo
kako ta žaba postiže
kako ta žaba postiže
02:33
the way its tummy works, is there information
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da joj stomak tako radi,
da li ovde postoji informacija
da li ovde postoji informacija
02:36
here that we need to understand or could usefully use
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koju treba da shvatimo
ili bismo mogli korisno da upotrebimo
ili bismo mogli korisno da upotrebimo
02:39
to help ourselves?
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da pomognemo sebi?
02:41
Now, I'm not suggesting we want to raise our babies in our stomach,
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Ne kažem da želimo
da gajimo bebe u svojim stomacima,
da gajimo bebe u svojim stomacima,
02:44
but I am suggesting it's possible we might want
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ali kažem da bismo možda želeli
02:46
to manage gastric secretion in the gut.
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da kontrolišemo
želudačnu sekreciju u crevima.
želudačnu sekreciju u crevima.
02:48
And just as everybody got excited about it, bang!
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I tek što su se svi
zagrejali za to, bum!
zagrejali za to, bum!
02:51
It was extinct.
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Istrebljena je.
02:53
I called up my friend, Professor Mike Tyler
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Nazvao sam svog prijatelja,
profesora Majka Tajlera
profesora Majka Tajlera
02:56
in the University of Adelaide.
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na univerzitetu u Adelajdu.
02:57
He was the last person who had this frog,
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On je bio poslednja osoba
koja je imala ovu žabu,
koja je imala ovu žabu,
03:00
a colony of these things, in his lab.
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koloniju ovih žaba
u svojoj laboratoriji.
u svojoj laboratoriji.
03:02
And I said, "Mike, by any chance -- "
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I rekao sam:
"Majk, da slučajno..."
"Majk, da slučajno..."
03:04
this was 30 or 40 years ago —
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ovo je bilo pre 30 ili 40 godina -
03:05
"by any chance had you kept any frozen tissue of this frog?"
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"da slučajno nisi sačuvao
neko zamrznuto tkivo ove žabe?"
neko zamrznuto tkivo ove žabe?"
03:09
And he thought about it, and he went to his deep freezer,
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I on je razmišljao o tome
i otišao do svog zamrzivača,
i otišao do svog zamrzivača,
03:12
minus 20 degrees centigrade,
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na minus 20 stepeni Celzijusa
03:14
and he poured through everything in the freezer,
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i pretražio je sve u zamrzivaču
03:15
and there in the bottom was a jar
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i na dnu je bila tegla
03:17
and it contained tissues of these frogs.
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u kojoj su bila tkiva ovih žaba.
03:20
This was very exciting, but there was no reason
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Ovo je bilo vrlo uzbudljivo,
ali nije bilo razloga
ali nije bilo razloga
03:23
why we should expect that this would work,
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da očekujemo
da ovo funkcioniše
da ovo funkcioniše
03:25
because this tissue had not had any antifreeze put in it,
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jer u ovo tkivo nije bilo stavljeno
nimalo antifriza,
nimalo antifriza,
03:29
cryoprotectants, to look after it when it was frozen.
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krioprotektora, da ga čuva
dok je zamrznuto.
dok je zamrznuto.
03:33
And normally, when water freezes, as you know, it expands,
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Obično, kao što znate, kad se
voda smrzne ona se širi
voda smrzne ona se širi
03:35
and the same thing happens in a cell.
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i ista stvar se dešava u ćeliji.
03:37
If you freeze tissues, the water expands,
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Ako zamrznete tkiva
voda se širi
voda se širi
03:39
damages or bursts the cell walls.
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i oštećuje ili probija ćelijske zidove.
03:41
Well, we looked at the tissue under the microscope.
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Pogledali smo ova tkiva
pod mikroskopom.
pod mikroskopom.
03:44
It actually didn't look bad. The cell walls looked intact.
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I zapravo nisu izgledala tako loše.
Ćelijski zidovi su izgledali netaknuti.
Ćelijski zidovi su izgledali netaknuti.
03:46
So we thought, let's give it a go.
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Pa smo pomislili:
hajde da probamo.
hajde da probamo.
03:48
What we did is something called
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Uradili smo nešto što se zove
03:50
somatic cell nuclear transplantation.
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transplantacija jedra somatske ćelije.
03:53
We took the eggs of a related species, a living frog,
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Uzeli smo jaja srodne vrste,
žive žabe
žive žabe
03:57
and we inactivated the nucleus of the egg.
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i deaktivirali jedro jaja.
04:00
We used ultraviolet radiation to do that.
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Koristili smo ultraljubičasto zračenje
za to.
za to.
04:02
And then we took the dead nucleus from the dead tissue
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I onda smo uzeli mrtvo jedro
iz mrtvog tkiva
iz mrtvog tkiva
04:06
of the extinct frog and we inserted those nuclei into that egg.
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istrebljene žabe
i ubacili ova jedra u to jaje.
i ubacili ova jedra u to jaje.
04:10
Now by rights, this is kind of like a cloning project,
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Ovo izgleda kao
neki projekat kloniranja,
neki projekat kloniranja,
04:13
like what produced Dolly, but it's actually very different,
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kao onaj kojim je proizvedena Doli,
ali u stvari je vrlo različit
ali u stvari je vrlo različit
04:16
because Dolly was live sheep into live sheep cells.
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jer je Doli bila živa ovca
u živim ćelijama ovce.
u živim ćelijama ovce.
04:19
That was a miracle, but it was workable.
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To je bilo čudo,
ali je bilo izvodljivo.
ali je bilo izvodljivo.
04:21
What we're trying to do is take a dead nucleus from an extinct species
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Ono što mi pokušavamo da uradimo je
da uzmemo mrtvo jedro iz istrebljene vrste
da uzmemo mrtvo jedro iz istrebljene vrste
04:25
and put it into a completely different species and expect that to work.
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i stavimo ga u potpuno drugu vrstu
i očekujemo da to funkcioniše.
i očekujemo da to funkcioniše.
04:29
Well, we had no real reason to expect it would,
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U stvari, nemamo pravog razloga
da očekujemo da hoće
da očekujemo da hoće
04:31
and we tried hundreds and hundreds of these.
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i probali smo na stotine puta.
04:34
And just last February, the last time we did these trials,
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I baš u februaru, poslednji put
kad smo radili ove oglede,
kad smo radili ove oglede,
04:37
I saw a miracle starting to happen.
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video sam da čudo
počinje da se dešava.
počinje da se dešava.
04:40
What we found was, most of these eggs didn't work,
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Otkrili smo da većina ovih jaja
nije funkcionisala,
nije funkcionisala,
04:44
but then suddenly one of them began to divide.
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ali onda iznenada
jedno od njih je počelo da se deli.
jedno od njih je počelo da se deli.
04:47
That was so exciting. And then the egg divided again.
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To je bilo tako uzbudljivo.
I onda se jaje podelilo ponovo.
I onda se jaje podelilo ponovo.
04:50
And then again. And pretty soon, we had
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I ponovo.
I uskoro smo imali
I uskoro smo imali
04:53
early stage embryos with hundreds of cells forming those.
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embrione u ranom stadijumu
formirane od stotina ćelija.
formirane od stotina ćelija.
04:57
We even DNA tested some of these cells,
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Čak smo testirali i DNK
nekih od ovih ćelija
nekih od ovih ćelija
04:59
and the DNA of the extinct frog is in those cells.
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i DNK istrebljene žabe
je u ovim ćelijama.
je u ovim ćelijama.
05:04
So we're very excited. This is not a tadpole.
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Tako da smo vrlo uzbuđeni.
Ovo nije punoglavac.
Ovo nije punoglavac.
05:06
It's not a frog. But it's a long way along the journey
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Nije ni žaba. Ali je
veliki napredak na putu
veliki napredak na putu
05:10
to producing, or bringing back, an extinct species.
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ka proizvodnji
ili vraćanju istrebljene vrste.
ili vraćanju istrebljene vrste.
05:13
And this is news. We haven't announced this publicly before.
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I ovo je novost.
Nismo ovo ranije javno objavili.
Nismo ovo ranije javno objavili.
05:15
We're excited. We've got to get past this point.
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Uzbuđeni smo. Uspeli smo
da pređemo ovu tačku.
da pređemo ovu tačku.
05:19
We now want this ball of cells to start to gastrulate,
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Sada hoćemo da ova lopta ćelija
počne da gastrulira,
počne da gastrulira,
05:22
to turn in so that it will produce the other tissues.
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da se savije tako da
proizvede druga tkiva.
proizvede druga tkiva.
05:25
It'll go on and produce a tadpole and then a frog.
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Nastaviće i proizvešće punoglavca
i onda žabu.
i onda žabu.
05:28
Watch this space. I think we're going to have this frog
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Pratite ovo.
Mislim da ćemo učiniti
Mislim da ćemo učiniti
05:31
hopping glad to be back in the world again.
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da se ova žaba vrati
ponovo u svet.
ponovo u svet.
05:33
Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala vam.
(Aplauz)
(Aplauz)
05:39
We haven't done it yet, but keep those applause ready.
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Nismo još to uradili,
ali spremite svoje aplauze.
ali spremite svoje aplauze.
05:42
The second project I want to talk to you about is the Thylacine Project.
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Drugi projekat o kome želim da vam pričam
je projekat Torbarski vuk.
je projekat Torbarski vuk.
05:47
The thylacine looks a bit, to most people, like a dog,
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Torbarski vuk većini ljudi
liči malo na psa
liči malo na psa
05:50
or maybe like a tiger, because it has stripes.
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ili možda na tigra
jer ima pruge.
jer ima pruge.
05:52
But it's not related to any of those.
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Ali nije u srodstvu ni sa jednim.
05:54
It's a marsupial. It raised its young in a pouch,
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On je torbar.
Podizao je mlade u torbi
Podizao je mlade u torbi
05:57
like a koala or a kangaroo would do,
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kao koala ili kengur
05:59
and it has a long history, a long, fascinating history,
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i ima dugu istoriju,
dugu, fascinantnu istoriju
dugu, fascinantnu istoriju
06:05
that goes back 25 million years.
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koja ide 25 miliona godina unazad.
06:07
But it's also a tragic history.
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Ali je to isto tako
i tragična istorija.
i tragična istorija.
06:10
The first one that we see occurs in the ancient rainforests
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Prvi, koga vidimo, se pojavljuje
u drevnim prašumama Australije
u drevnim prašumama Australije
06:14
of Australia about 25 million years ago,
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pre oko 25 milona godina
06:16
and the National Geographic Society is helping us
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i Društvo Nacionalne geografije
nam pomaže
nam pomaže
06:19
to explore these fossil deposits. This is Riversleigh.
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da istražimo ove naslage fosila.
Ovo je Riversli.
Ovo je Riversli.
06:23
In those fossil rocks are some amazing animals.
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U tim fosilnim stenama
su neke neverovatne životinje.
su neke neverovatne životinje.
06:26
We found marsupial lions.
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Pronašli smo torbarske lavove.
06:28
We found carnivorous kangaroos.
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Pronašli smo kengure mesoždere.
06:31
It's not what you usually think about as a kangaroo,
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To nije onaj kengur
kakvim ga obično zamišljate
kakvim ga obično zamišljate
06:32
but these are meat-eating kangaroos.
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već su to kenguri
koji jedu meso.
koji jedu meso.
06:34
We found the biggest bird in the world,
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Pronašli smo najveću pticu na svetu,
06:37
bigger than that thing that was in Madagascar,
138
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2002
veću od one
koja je bila na Madagaskaru
koja je bila na Madagaskaru
06:39
and it too was a flesh-eater. It was a giant, weird duck.
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i ova je takođe bila mesožder.
To je bila džinovska, čudna patka.
To je bila džinovska, čudna patka.
06:43
And crocodiles were not behaving at that time either.
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Ni krokodili se nisu isto ponašali
u to vreme.
u to vreme.
06:45
You think of crocodiles as doing their ugly thing,
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Zamišljate krokodile
kako rade svoje gadne stvari
kako rade svoje gadne stvari
06:48
sitting in a pool of water.
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dok sede u barama.
06:49
These crocodiles were actually out on the land
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Ovi krokodili su u stvari
bili na kopnu
bili na kopnu
06:52
and they were even climbing trees and jumping on prey
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i čak su se penjali na drveće
i skakali na plen
i skakali na plen
06:55
on the ground.
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na zemlji.
06:57
We had, in Australia, drop crocs. They really do exist.
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U Australiji smo imali "bacajuće krokodile".
Oni stvarno postoje.
Oni stvarno postoje.
07:02
But what they were dropping on was not only
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Ali oni se nisu bacali samo
07:04
other weird animals but also thylacines.
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na druge čudne životinje
već takođe na torbarske vukove.
već takođe na torbarske vukove.
07:07
There were five different kinds of thylacines in those ancient forests,
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Bilo je pet različitih vrsta torbarskih vukova
u ovim drevnim šumama
u ovim drevnim šumama
07:10
and they ranged from great big ones to middle-sized ones
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i varirali su od ogromnih,
preko onih srednje veličine
preko onih srednje veličine
07:15
to one that was about the size of a chihuahua.
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do onih koji su bili otprilike
veličine čivave.
veličine čivave.
07:19
Paris Hilton would have been able to carry
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Paris Hilton bi mogla da nosi
07:20
one of these things around in a little handbag,
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jednog od njih u maloj tašni
07:23
until a drop croc landed on her.
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dok "bacajući krokodil"
ne padne na nju.
ne padne na nju.
07:25
At any rate, it was a fascinating place,
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433342
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U svakom pogledu
to je bilo fascinantno mesto,
to je bilo fascinantno mesto,
07:27
but unfortunately, Australia didn't stay this way.
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ali na žalost,
Australija nije ostala ovakva.
Australija nije ostala ovakva.
07:30
Climate change has affected the world for a long period of time,
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Klimatske promene su uticale na svet
u dugom vremenskom periodu
u dugom vremenskom periodu
07:33
and gradually, the forests disappeared,
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i postepeno, šume su nestale,
07:36
the country began to dry out,
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zemlja je počela da se suši
07:38
and the number of kinds of thylacines began to decline,
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2230
i broj vrsta torbarskih vukova
je počeo da opada,
je počeo da opada,
07:40
until by five million years ago, only one left.
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sve do pre pet miliona godina,
samo je jedna ostala.
samo je jedna ostala.
07:43
By 10,000 years ago, they had disappeared
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451598
1980
Pre 10.000 godina
nestali su
nestali su
07:45
from New Guinea, and unfortunately
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3864
sa Nove Gvineje i nažalost,
07:49
by 4,000 years ago, somebodies,
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3290
pre 4.000 godina, neko je,
07:52
we don't know who this was, introduced dingoes --
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460732
2969
ne znamo ko je to bio,
uveo dingoe -
uveo dingoe -
07:55
this is a very archaic kind of a dog — into Australia.
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3190
to je vrlo arhaična vrsta psa -
u Australiju.
u Australiju.
07:58
And as you can see, dingoes are very similar
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2068
Kao što možete da vidite,
dingo je vrlo sličan
dingo je vrlo sličan
08:00
in their body form to thylacines.
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po obliku tela
torbarskom vuku.
torbarskom vuku.
08:03
That similarity meant they probably competed.
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3050
Ta sličnost znači
da su se verovatno takmičili.
da su se verovatno takmičili.
08:06
They were eating the same kinds of foods.
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Jeli su istu vrstu hrane.
08:07
It's even possible that aborigines were keeping
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2566
Čak je moguće
da su Aboridžini čuvali
da su Aboridžini čuvali
08:10
some of these dingoes as pets, and therefore
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478201
2893
neke od ovih dingoa
kao kućne ljubimce
kao kućne ljubimce
08:13
they may have had an advantage in the battle for survival.
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i zbog toga su možda imali prednost
u borbi za preživljavanje.
u borbi za preživljavanje.
08:16
All we know is, soon after the dingoes were brought in,
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2507
Sve što znamo je
da su ubrzo posle dovođenja dinga
da su ubrzo posle dovođenja dinga
08:18
thylacines were extinct in the Australian mainland,
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486545
2605
torbarski vukovi istrebljeni
na australijskom kopnu
na australijskom kopnu
08:21
and after that they only survived in Tasmania.
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4406
i posle toga su samo preživeli
na Tasmaniji.
na Tasmaniji.
08:25
Then, unfortunately, the next sad part of the thylacine story
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493556
3243
Sledeći tužni deo priče
o torbarskom vuku je taj
o torbarskom vuku je taj
08:28
is that Europeans arrived in 1788, and they brought
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3049
da su 1788.
stigli Evropljani i doneli
stigli Evropljani i doneli
08:31
with them the things they valued, and that included sheep.
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499848
3953
sa sobom stvari koje su im bile vredne,
uključujući i ovcu.
uključujući i ovcu.
08:35
They took one look at the thylacine in Tasmania,
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503801
3215
Videli su torbarskog vuka
na Tasmaniji
na Tasmaniji
08:39
and they thought, hang on, this is not going to work.
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507016
3021
i pomislili: čekaj,
ovo neće ići.
ovo neće ići.
08:42
That guy is going to eat all our sheep.
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2805
Ovaj će da pojede sve naše ovce.
08:44
That was not what happened, actually.
183
512842
1981
U stvari, to se nije dogodilo.
08:46
Wild dogs did eat a few of the sheep, but the thylacine got a bad rap.
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514823
3822
Divlji psi su pojeli nekoliko ovaca,
a torbarski vukovi su lažno optuženi.
a torbarski vukovi su lažno optuženi.
08:50
But immediately, the government said, that's it,
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2377
Odmah zatim, vlada je rekla:
08:53
let's get rid of them, and they paid people
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521022
3317
hajde da ih se rešimo
i platili su ljude
i platili su ljude
08:56
to slaughter every one that they saw.
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524339
1818
da ubiju svakog kog sretnu.
08:58
By the early 1930s, 3,000 to 4,000 thylacines
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5019
Do ranih 1930-ih,
3.000 do 4.000 torbarskih vukova
3.000 do 4.000 torbarskih vukova
09:03
had been murdered. It was a disaster,
189
531176
3064
je ubijeno.
To je bila katastrofa
To je bila katastrofa
09:06
and they were about to hit the wall.
190
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2378
i bili su blizu da dostignu vrhunac.
09:08
Have a look at this bit of film footage.
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536618
3009
Pogledajte ovaj snimak.
09:11
It makes me very sad, because, while, it's a fascinating animal,
192
539627
3779
Veoma me rastužuje
jer je to fascinantna životinja
jer je to fascinantna životinja
09:15
and it's amazing to think that we had the technology to film it
193
543406
4962
i izgleda neverovatno
da smo imali tehnologiju da to snimimo
da smo imali tehnologiju da to snimimo
09:20
before it actually plunged off that cliff of extinction,
194
548368
4100
pre nego što je skočila
u ponor istrebljenja
u ponor istrebljenja
09:24
we didn't, unfortunately, at this same time, have
195
552468
2829
i nismo u tom momentu, nažalost,
imali
imali
09:27
a molecule of concern about the welfare for this species.
196
555297
3917
ni molekul brige
za dobrobit ove vrste.
za dobrobit ove vrste.
09:31
These are photos of the last surviving thylacine, Benjamin,
197
559214
3393
Ovo su fotografije poslednjeg preživelog
torbarskog vuka, Bendžamina,
torbarskog vuka, Bendžamina,
09:34
who was in the Beaumaris Zoo in Hobart.
198
562607
2950
koji je bilo u zoološkom vrtu Bomaris
u Hobartu.
u Hobartu.
09:37
To add insult to injury, having swept this species
199
565557
3399
Da situacija bude još gora,
pošto je cela vrsta skoro počišćena,
pošto je cela vrsta skoro počišćena,
09:40
nearly off the table, this animal, when it died of neglect,
200
568956
4465
kad je ova životinja uginula
zbog nebrige
zbog nebrige
09:45
the keepers didn't let it into the hutch
201
573421
1924
čuvari je nisu pustili u kavez
09:47
on a cold night in Hobart. It died of exposure,
202
575345
4181
na hladno veče u Hobartu.
Uginula je od izlaganja nepovoljnim uslovima
Uginula je od izlaganja nepovoljnim uslovima
09:51
and in the morning, when they found the body of Benjamin,
203
579526
2308
i ujutru, kad su našli
Bendžaminovo telo,
Bendžaminovo telo,
09:53
they still cared so little for this animal
204
581834
3032
i dalje su tako malo marili
za ovu životinju
za ovu životinju
09:56
that they threw the body in the dump.
205
584866
3365
da su bacili telo
na đubrište.
na đubrište.
10:00
Does it have to stay this way?
206
588231
3061
Da li mora da ostane ovako?
10:03
In 1990, I was in the Australian Museum.
207
591292
2770
1990. bio sam u Australijskom muzeju.
10:06
I was fascinated by thylacines. I've always been obsessed with these animals.
208
594062
3907
Bio sam fasciniran torbarskim vukovima.
Oduvek sam opsednut ovim životinjama.
Oduvek sam opsednut ovim životinjama.
10:09
And I was studying skulls, trying to figure out
209
597969
1812
I proučavao sam lobanje
pokušavajući da shvatim
pokušavajući da shvatim
10:11
their relationships to other sorts of animals,
210
599781
2631
njihovu vezu sa drugim
vrstama životinja
vrstama životinja
10:14
and I saw this jar, and here, in the jar,
211
602412
3381
i video sam ovu teglu
i ovde, u tegli
i ovde, u tegli
10:17
was a little girl thylacine pup, perhaps six months old.
212
605793
4559
je bila mala štenica torbarskog vuka
možda šest meseci stara.
možda šest meseci stara.
10:22
The guy who had found it and killed the mother
213
610352
2546
Čovek koji je našao
i ubio majku,
i ubio majku,
10:24
had pickled the pup and they pickled it in alcohol.
214
612898
3573
konzervirao je štene u alkoholu.
10:28
I'm a paleontologist, but I still knew alcohol was a DNA preservative.
215
616471
3702
Ja sam paleontolog ali znam
da je alkohol DNK prezervativ.
da je alkohol DNK prezervativ.
10:32
But this was 1990, and I asked my geneticist friends,
216
620173
4083
Ali ovo je bilo 1990.
i pitao sam moje prijatelje genetičare
i pitao sam moje prijatelje genetičare
10:36
couldn't we think about going into this pup
217
624256
2263
da li bismo mogli da razmišljamo o tome
da otvorimo ovo štene
da otvorimo ovo štene
10:38
and extracting DNA, if it's there,
218
626519
3152
i izdvojimo DNK ako je tamo
10:41
and then somewhere down the line in the future,
219
629671
1984
i onda ćemo u nekom momentu
u budućnosti
u budućnosti
10:43
we'll use this DNA to bring the thylacine back?
220
631655
2115
iskoristiti ovu DNK
da vratimo torbarskog vuka?
da vratimo torbarskog vuka?
10:45
The geneticists laughed. But this was six years before Dolly.
221
633770
4784
Genetičari su se smejali.
Ali to je bilo šest godina pre Doli.
Ali to je bilo šest godina pre Doli.
10:50
Cloning was science fiction. It had not happened.
222
638554
2927
Kloniranje je bilo naučna fantastika.
Nije se desilo.
Nije se desilo.
10:53
But then suddenly cloning did happen.
223
641481
2650
Ali iznenada kloniranje se desilo.
10:56
And I thought, when I became director
224
644131
2036
I pomislio sam,
kad postanem direktor
kad postanem direktor
10:58
of the Australian Museum, I'm going to give this a go.
225
646167
2435
Australijskog muzeja,
probaću ovo da uradim.
probaću ovo da uradim.
11:00
I put a team together.
226
648602
1488
Sastavio sam tim.
11:02
We went into that pup to see what was in there,
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650090
3115
Otvorili smo štene
da vidimo šta ima unutra
da vidimo šta ima unutra
11:05
and we did find thylacine DNA. It was a eureka moment.
228
653205
3047
i našli smo DNK torbarskog vuka.
Bio je to "eureka momenat".
Bio je to "eureka momenat".
11:08
We were very excited.
229
656252
1018
Bili smo vrlo uzbuđeni.
11:09
Unfortunately, we also found a lot of human DNA.
230
657270
3879
Nažalost, našli smo takođe
puno ljudskih DNK.
puno ljudskih DNK.
11:13
Every old curator who'd been in that museum
231
661149
3117
Svaki stari kustos
koji je bio u tom muzeju
koji je bio u tom muzeju
11:16
had seen this wonderful specimen,
232
664266
1582
video je ovaj divan uzorak,
11:17
put their hand in the jar, pulled it out and thought,
233
665848
2192
stavio ruku u teglu,
izvadio je i pomislio:
izvadio je i pomislio:
11:20
"Wow, look at that," plop, dropped it back in the jar,
234
668040
2614
"Oh, vidi ovo", buć,
spustio je nazad u teglu
spustio je nazad u teglu
11:22
contaminating this specimen.
235
670654
1866
kontaminirajući ovaj uzorak.
11:24
And that was a worry. If the goal here was to get the DNA out
236
672520
3693
I to je bilo zabrinjavajuće.
Ako je ovde cilj bio da izvadimo DNK
Ako je ovde cilj bio da izvadimo DNK
11:28
and use the DNA down the track to try to bring a thylacine back,
237
676213
3747
i iskoristimo je kasnije
da vratimo torbarskog vuka,
da vratimo torbarskog vuka,
11:31
what we didn't want happening when the information
238
679960
2647
onda ono što nismo želeli
kad je informacija
kad je informacija
11:34
was shoved into the machine and the wheel turned around
239
682607
1929
ubačena u mašinu i točak okrenut
11:36
and the lights flashed, was to have a wizened old
240
684536
2363
i svetla bljesnula,
je to da smežurani stari
je to da smežurani stari
11:38
horrible curator pop out the other end of the machine. (Laughter)
241
686899
3584
grozni kustos izleti
sa druge strane mašine. (Smeh)
sa druge strane mašine. (Smeh)
11:42
It would've kept the curator very happy,
242
690483
1658
To bi veoma usrećilo kustosa
11:44
but it wasn't going to keep us happy.
243
692141
1817
ali ne bi usrećilo nas.
11:45
So we went back to these specimens and we started digging around,
244
693958
3199
Tako da smo se vratili ovim uzorcima
i počeli da kopamo
i počeli da kopamo
11:49
and particularly we looked into the teeth of skulls,
245
697157
3281
i naročito smo tražili
u zubima u lobanji,
u zubima u lobanji,
11:52
hard parts where humans had not been able to get their fingers,
246
700438
3031
čvrstim delovima gde ljudi nisu mogli
da stave svoje prste
da stave svoje prste
11:55
and we found much better quality DNA.
247
703469
2428
i našli smo mnogo kvalitetniju DNK.
11:57
We found nuclear mitochondrial genes. It's there.
248
705897
2786
Našli smo mitohondrijske gene jedra.
Tamo su.
Tamo su.
12:00
So we got it.
249
708683
1121
I dobili smo ih.
12:01
Okay. What could we do with this stuff?
250
709804
2284
Ok. Šta bismo mogli
da uradimo sa ovim?
da uradimo sa ovim?
12:04
Well, George Church in his book, "Regenesis,"
251
712088
2032
Džordž Čerč je u svojoj knjizi
"Ponovno rođenje"
"Ponovno rođenje"
12:06
has mentioned many of the techniques that are rapidly advancing
252
714120
3359
pomenuo mnoge tehnike
za rad sa fragmentisanom DNK
za rad sa fragmentisanom DNK
12:09
to work with fragmented DNA.
253
717479
1766
koje brzo napreduju.
12:11
We would hope that we'll be able to get that DNA back
254
719245
3084
Nadali bismo se da ćemo moći
da vratimo tu DNK
da vratimo tu DNK
12:14
into a viable form, and then, much like we've done with the Lazarus Project,
255
722329
3852
u održivom obliku i onda,
kao što smo uradili sa projektom Lazar,
kao što smo uradili sa projektom Lazar,
12:18
get that stuff into an egg of a host species.
256
726181
3806
stavimo to u jaje domaćinske vrste.
12:21
It has to be a different species.
257
729987
1289
To mora da bude druga vrsta.
12:23
What could it be? Why couldn't it be a Tasmanian devil?
258
731276
2867
Šta bi to moglo da bude?
Može li da bude tasmanijski đavo?
Može li da bude tasmanijski đavo?
12:26
They're related distantly to thylacines.
259
734143
2137
Oni su u daljem srodstvu
sa torbarskim vukovima.
sa torbarskim vukovima.
12:28
And then the Tasmanian devil is going to pop
260
736280
2297
I onda će tasmanijski đavo
12:30
a thylacine out the south end.
261
738577
2711
roditi torbarskog vuka.
12:33
Critics of this project say, hang on.
262
741288
2753
Kritičari ovog projekta kažu:
čekajte.
čekajte.
12:36
Thylacine, Tasmanian devil? That's going to hurt.
263
744041
4180
Torbarski vuk, tasmanijski đavo?
To će boleti.
To će boleti.
12:40
No, it's not. These are marsupials.
264
748221
3054
Ne, neće. Oni su torbari.
12:43
They give birth to babies that are the size of a jelly bean.
265
751275
2615
Oni rađaju bebe veličine
žele bombone.
žele bombone.
12:45
That Tasmanian devil's not even going to know it gave birth.
266
753890
3233
Taj tasmanijski đavo
čak neće ni znati da se okotio.
čak neće ni znati da se okotio.
12:49
It is, shortly, going to think it's got the ugliest
267
757123
2971
Pomisliće, ukratko,
da je to najružnija
da je to najružnija
12:52
Tasmanian devil baby in the world,
268
760094
1878
beba tasmanijskog đavola na svetu,
12:53
so maybe it'll need some help to keep it going.
269
761972
4091
pa će mu možda biti potrebna pomoć
u daljem odgajanju.
u daljem odgajanju.
12:58
Andrew Pask and his colleagues have demonstrated
270
766063
2653
Endru Pask i njegove kolege
su pokazali
su pokazali
13:00
this might not be a waste of time.
271
768716
1895
da ovo možda neće biti
protraćeno vreme.
protraćeno vreme.
13:02
And it's sort of in the future, we haven't got there yet,
272
770611
2192
i to je ono kako bismo u budućnosti,
gde još nismo stigli,
gde još nismo stigli,
13:04
but it's the kind of thing we want to think about.
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ali to je ono
kako želimo da razmišljamo.
kako želimo da razmišljamo.
13:06
They took some of this same pickled thylacine DNA
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Oni su uzeli malo od ove iste
konzervirane DNK torbarskog vuka
konzervirane DNK torbarskog vuka
13:10
and they spliced it into a mouse genome,
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i sastavili je u genom miša,
13:13
but they put a tag on it so that anything
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ali su je obeležili tako
da će se bilo šta
da će se bilo šta
13:16
that this thylacine DNA produced
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što je ova DNK torbarskog vuka
proizvela
proizvela
13:18
would appear blue-green in the mouse baby.
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pojaviti u plavozelenoj boji
kod bebe miša.
kod bebe miša.
13:22
In other words, if thylacine tissues were being produced
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Drugim rečima,
ako su tkiva torbarskog vuka proizvedena
ako su tkiva torbarskog vuka proizvedena
13:24
by the thylacine DNA, it would be able to be recognized.
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od DNK torbarskog vuka,
to će moći da se prepozna.
to će moći da se prepozna.
13:27
When the baby popped up, it was filled with blue-green tissues.
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Kad je beba izašla
bila je puna plavozelenih tkiva.
bila je puna plavozelenih tkiva.
13:31
And that tells us if we can get that genome back together,
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I to nam govori da, ako možemo
da ponovo sastavimo taj genom,
da ponovo sastavimo taj genom,
13:34
get it into a live cell, it's going to produce thylacine stuff.
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ubacimo ga u živu ćeliju,
on će proizvesti tkiva torbarskog vuka.
on će proizvesti tkiva torbarskog vuka.
13:39
Is this a risk?
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Da li je to rizik?
13:41
You've taken the bits of one animal
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Uzeli ste malo od jedne životinje
13:43
and you've mixed them into the cell of a different kind of an animal.
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i umešali to
u ćeliju druge vrste životinje.
u ćeliju druge vrste životinje.
13:45
Are we going to get a Frankenstein?
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Da li ćemo dobiti Frankenštajna?
13:47
You know, some kind of weird hybrid chimera?
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Neku vrstu hibridne himere?
13:50
And the answer is no.
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I odgovor je: ne.
13:51
If the only nuclear DNA that goes into this hybrid cell
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Ako je DNK jedra
koja ide u ovu hibridnu ćeliju,
koja ide u ovu hibridnu ćeliju,
13:55
is thylacine DNA, that's the only thing that can pop out
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823204
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DNK torbarskog vuka,
to je onda jedino što će ispasti
to je onda jedino što će ispasti
13:57
the other end of the devil.
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sa donje strane đavola.
14:00
Okay, if we can do this, could we put it back?
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Ako možemo da uradimo ovo,
možemo li da ga vratimo u divljinu?
možemo li da ga vratimo u divljinu?
14:04
This is a key question for everybody.
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Ovo je ključno pitanje za sve.
14:05
Does it have to stay in a laboratory,
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Da li mora da ostane u laboratoriji
14:07
or could we put it back where it belongs?
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835494
1683
ili ga možemo vratiti
tamo gde pripada?
tamo gde pripada?
14:09
Could we put it back in the throne of the king of beasts
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2569
Možemo li ga vratiti na tron
kralja zveri
kralja zveri
14:11
in Tasmania where it belongs, restore that ecosystem?
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839746
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na Tasmaniji, gde pripada,
obnoviti taj ekosistem?
obnoviti taj ekosistem?
14:14
Or has Tasmania changed so much
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Ili se Tasmanija promenila toliko
14:17
that that's no longer possible?
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da to više nije moguće?
14:18
I've been to Tasmania. I've been to many of the areas
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846826
3045
Bio sam na Tasmaniji
u mnogim delovima
u mnogim delovima
14:21
where the thylacines were common.
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849871
1422
gde su torbarski vukovi
bili uobičajeni.
bili uobičajeni.
14:23
I've even spoken to people, like Peter Carter here,
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851293
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Čak sam i govorio sa ljudima,
kao sa Piterom Karterom ovde,
kao sa Piterom Karterom ovde,
14:26
who when I spoke to him was 90 years old,
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854528
2461
koji je imao 90 godina
kada sam razgovarao sa njim,
kada sam razgovarao sa njim,
14:28
but in 1926, this man and his father and his brother
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856989
3710
ali 1926. ovaj čovek
i njegov otac i brat
i njegov otac i brat
14:32
caught thylacines. They trapped them.
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860699
2876
hvatali su torbarske vukove.
Hvatali su ih zamkama.
Hvatali su ih zamkama.
14:35
And it just, when I spoke to this man,
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863575
1814
I kada sam govorio
sa ovim čovekom
sa ovim čovekom
14:37
I was looking in his eyes and thinking,
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865389
2578
gledao sam u njegove oči i mislio:
14:39
behind those eyes is a brain
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867967
2119
iza tih očiju je mozak
14:42
that has memories of what thylacines feel like,
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870086
4096
koji ima sećanja na
to kako su torbarski vukovi izgledali,
to kako su torbarski vukovi izgledali,
14:46
what they smelled like, what they sounded like.
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874182
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kako su mirisali, kako su zvučali.
14:48
He led them around on a rope.
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1538
Vodio ih je okolo na konopcu.
14:50
He has personal experiences
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2098
On ima lična iskustva
14:52
that I would give my left leg to have in my head.
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880280
3452
za koja bih dao levu nogu
da ih imam u svojoj glavi.
da ih imam u svojoj glavi.
14:55
We'd all love to have this sort of thing happen.
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2503
Svi bismo voleli
da nam se tako nešto desilo.
da nam se tako nešto desilo.
14:58
Anyway, I asked Peter, by any chance,
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2296
Pitao sam Pitera
da li bi možda mogao
da li bi možda mogao
15:00
could he take us back to where he caught those thylacines.
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888531
2448
da nas odvede tamo
gde je hvatao ove torbarske vukove.
gde je hvatao ove torbarske vukove.
15:02
My interest was in whether the environment had changed.
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890979
2443
Interesovalo me je
da li se okruženje izmenilo.
da li se okruženje izmenilo.
15:05
He thought hard. I mean, it was nearly 80 years before this
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893422
3052
Napregao se da se seti.
Mislim, to je bilo skoro 80 godina pre
Mislim, to je bilo skoro 80 godina pre
15:08
that he'd been at this hut.
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896474
1317
njegovog boravka u ovoj kolibi.
15:09
At any rate, he led us down this bush track,
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897791
2055
U svakom slučaju,
poveo nas je niz stazu
poveo nas je niz stazu
15:11
and there, right where he remembered, was the hut,
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899846
3437
i tačno tamo gde se sećao
bila je koliba
bila je koliba
15:15
and tears came into his eyes.
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2570
i oči su mu zasuzile.
15:17
He looked at the hut. We went inside.
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905853
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Pogledao je kolibu.
Ušli smo unutra.
Ušli smo unutra.
15:19
There were the wooden boards on the sides of the hut
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907251
2103
Drvene ploče su bile na zidovima kolibe
15:21
where he and his father and his brother had slept at night.
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909354
2844
gde su on, njegov otac i njegov brat
spavali noću.
spavali noću.
15:24
And he told me, as it all was flooding back in memories.
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912198
2643
I rekao mi je,
kako mu je sve naviralo u sećanje.
kako mu je sve naviralo u sećanje.
15:26
He said, "I remember the thylacines going around the hut
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914841
3007
Rekao je: "Sećam se torbarskih vukova
koji su kružili oko kolibe
koji su kružili oko kolibe
15:29
wondering what was inside," and he said
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917848
2376
pitajući se šta je unutra"
i rekao je
i rekao je
15:32
they made sounds like "Yip! Yip! Yip!"
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920224
2531
da su pravili zvuke kao:
"Jip! Jip! Jip!"
"Jip! Jip! Jip!"
15:34
All of these are parts of his life and what he remembers.
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922755
3172
Sve ovo su delovi njegovog života
i onoga čega se seća.
i onoga čega se seća.
15:37
And the key question for me was to ask Peter,
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925927
3078
I moje ključno pitanje Piteru je bilo:
15:41
has it changed? And he said no.
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929005
1975
da li se promenilo?
I rekao je da nije.
I rekao je da nije.
15:42
The southern beech forests surrounded his hut
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930980
1956
Šume na južnoj plaži
su okruživale njegovu kolibu
su okruživale njegovu kolibu
15:44
just like it was when he was there in 1926.
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932936
2715
baš kao i kad je on bio tamo 1926.
15:47
The grasslands were sweeping away.
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935651
1993
Pašnjaci su se prostirali.
15:49
That's classic thylacine habitat.
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937644
1859
To je klasično stanište
torbarskog vuka.
torbarskog vuka.
15:51
And the animals in those areas were the same
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939503
2142
I životinje u ovim oblastima
su bile iste
su bile iste
15:53
that were there when the thylacine was around.
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941645
1839
kao i u vreme
kad je torbarski vuk bio tamo.
kad je torbarski vuk bio tamo.
15:55
So could we put it back? Yes.
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943484
3168
Da li bismo onda mogli
da ga vratimo tamo? Da.
da ga vratimo tamo? Da.
15:58
Is that all we would do? And this is an interesting question.
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946652
3099
Je li to sve što bismo uradili?
I ovo je interesantno pitanje.
I ovo je interesantno pitanje.
16:01
Sometimes you might be able to put it back,
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949751
2812
Ponekad možda možete
da ga vratite,
da ga vratite,
16:04
but is that the safest way to make sure
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952563
1813
ali da li je to najsigurniji način
da obezbedite
da obezbedite
16:06
it never goes extinct again, and I don't think so.
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954376
2852
da više nikada ne dođe do istrebljenja,
i ja mislim da nije.
i ja mislim da nije.
16:09
I think gradually, as we see species all around the world,
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957228
2851
Mislim da je postepeno,
kako gledamo vrste širom sveta,
kako gledamo vrste širom sveta,
16:12
it's kind of a mantra that wildlife is increasingly
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960079
3274
postala neka vrsta mantre
da je u porastu nesigurnost
da je u porastu nesigurnost
16:15
not safe in the wild.
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963353
1200
divljeg sveta u divljini.
16:16
We'd love to think it is, but we know it isn't.
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964553
2070
Volimo da mislimo da nije,
ali znamo da jeste.
ali znamo da jeste.
16:18
We need other parallel strategies coming online.
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966623
2633
Trebaju nam druge paralelne strategije.
16:21
And this one interests me.
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969256
1255
I ovo je jedna koja me zanima.
16:22
Some of the thylacines that were being turned into zoos,
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970511
2612
Neki od torbarskih vukova
koje smo stavili u zoo vrtove
koje smo stavili u zoo vrtove
16:25
sanctuaries, even at the museums,
352
973123
2053
u utočišta, čak i u muzeje,
16:27
had collar marks on the neck.
353
975176
2140
imali su otiske od ogrlice na vratu.
16:29
They were being kept as pets,
354
977316
2112
Čuvali su ih kao ljubimce
16:31
and we know a lot of bush tales and memories
355
979428
3060
i znamo puno priča i sećanja
iz šume
iz šume
16:34
of people who had them as pets,
356
982488
1396
ljudi koji su ih držali kao ljubimce
16:35
and they say they were wonderful, friendly.
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983884
2325
i oni kažu
da su bili divni, druželjubivi.
da su bili divni, druželjubivi.
16:38
This particular one came in out of the forest
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986209
2843
Ovaj je došao iz šume
16:41
to lick this boy and curled up
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989052
2513
da liže ovog dečaka
i sklupčao se
i sklupčao se
16:43
around the fireplace to go to sleep. A wild animal.
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991565
2875
pored kamina da spava.
Divlja životinja.
Divlja životinja.
16:46
And I'd like to ask the question, all of --
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994440
2814
I želeo bih da postavim pitanje,
16:49
we need to think about this.
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997254
1310
svi treba da mislimo o ovome.
16:50
If it had not been illegal to keep these thylacines as pets
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998564
4520
Da nije bilo zabranjeno
držati ove torbarske vukove kao ljubimce,
držati ove torbarske vukove kao ljubimce,
16:55
then, would the thylacine be extinct now?
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1003084
3265
da li bi onda oni bili istrebljeni?
16:58
And I'm positive it wouldn't.
365
1006349
1964
Siguran sam da ne bi.
17:00
We need to think about this in today's world.
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1008313
2705
Treba da mislimo o ovome
u današnjem svetu.
u današnjem svetu.
17:03
Could it be that getting animals close to us
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1011018
3026
Da li bi približavanjem životinja sebi
17:06
so that we value them, maybe they won't go extinct?
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1014044
3293
tako da ih onda vrednujemo,
možda ukinuli njihovo istrebljavanje?
možda ukinuli njihovo istrebljavanje?
17:09
And this is such a critical issue for us,
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1017337
2028
To je tako važna tema za nas
17:11
because if we don't do that, we're going to watch
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1019365
2554
jer ako to ne uradimo,
gledaćemo
gledaćemo
17:13
more of these animals plunge off the precipice.
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1021919
3088
više ovih životinja kako padaju
u ponor istrebljenja.
u ponor istrebljenja.
17:17
As far as I'm concerned, this is why
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1025007
2054
Što se mene tiče,
zbog ovoga
zbog ovoga
17:19
we're trying to do these kinds of de-extinction projects.
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1027061
3338
pokušavamo da radimo
ove projekte vraćanja vrsta u život.
ove projekte vraćanja vrsta u život.
17:22
We are trying to restore that balance of nature
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1030399
3243
Pokušavamo da obnovimo
onu ravnotežu u prirodi
onu ravnotežu u prirodi
17:25
that we have upset.
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1033642
1900
koju smo mi sami poremetili.
17:27
Thank you.
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1035542
1357
Hvala vam.
17:28
(Applause)
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2774
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael Archer - PaleontologistPaleontologist Michael Archer is working to bring back his favorite extinct animal: the Tasmanian tiger.
Why you should listen
Why do fascinating extinct species have to stay that way? Paleontologist Michael Archer says: They don't! He's working to de-extinct the gastric brooding frog and the thylacine, also known as the Tasmanian tiger. These animals could have taught us humans a lot, says Archer, but we wiped them out. A severe missed opportunity.
Archer is a professor in the School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia. Archer's research includes: conservation through sustainable use of native resources -- including having native animals as pets -- and trying to bring extinct species back into the world of the living. Previously Archer served as the Curator of Mammals at the Queensland Museum and Director of the Australian Museum in Sydney.
Michael Archer | Speaker | TED.com