TEDGlobal 2013
Chrystia Freeland: The rise of the new global super-rich
Kristija Friland (Chrystia Freeland): Uspon novih globalnih superbogataša
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Tehnologija napreduje veoma brzo ali i ekonomska nejednakost, kaže književnica Kristija Friland. U strastvenom govoru prikazuje uspon nove klase plutokrata (onih koji su izuzetno uticajni zahvaljujući svom izuzetnom bogastvu) i sugeriše da globalizacija i nova tehnologija zapravo podstiču, umesto da zatiru globalni jaz u prihodima. Friland ističe tri problema u vezi sa plutokratijom… i jedan tračak nade.
Chrystia Freeland - Plutocracy chronicler
In "Plutocrats," Chrystia Freeland explores the growing gap between the working poor and the increasingly disconnected mega-rich. Full bio
In "Plutocrats," Chrystia Freeland explores the growing gap between the working poor and the increasingly disconnected mega-rich. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So here's the most important economic fact of our time.
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Evo najvažnije ekonomske činjenice
našeg vremena.
našeg vremena.
00:17
We are living in an age of surging income inequality,
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Živimo u dobu
sve većih razlika u prihodima,
sve većih razlika u prihodima,
00:21
particularly between those at the very top
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posebno između onih na vrhu
00:24
and everyone else.
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i svih ostalih.
00:26
This shift is the most striking in the U.S. and in the U.K.,
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Ova promena je naupečatljivija
u SAD i Velikoj Britaniji,
u SAD i Velikoj Britaniji,
00:30
but it's a global phenomenon.
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ali to je globalni fenomen.
00:32
It's happening in communist China,
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To se dešava u komunističkoj Kini,
00:35
in formerly communist Russia,
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u bivšoj komunističkoj Rusiji,
00:36
it's happening in India, in my own native Canada.
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u Indiji i u mojoj rodnoj Kanadi.
00:40
We're even seeing it in cozy social democracies
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To viđamo čak i u udobnim
socijalnim demokratijama
socijalnim demokratijama
00:43
like Sweden, Finland and Germany.
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kao što su Švedska,
Finska i Nemačka.
Finska i Nemačka.
00:46
Let me give you a few numbers to place what's happening.
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Dozvolite da vam sa nekoliko brojeva
predočim šta se dešava.
predočim šta se dešava.
00:50
In the 1970s, the One Percent
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U 1970-im je udeo
"Jednog procenta" populacije
"Jednog procenta" populacije
00:53
accounted for about 10 percent of the national income
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iznosio oko 10% nacionalnog dohotka
00:57
in the United States.
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u SAD.
00:59
Today, their share has more than doubled
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Danas je njihov udeo
više nego udvostručen,
više nego udvostručen,
01:02
to above 20 percent.
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do iznad 20%.
01:05
But what's even more striking
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Još upečatljivije je
01:07
is what's happening at the very tippy top
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šta se dešava na samom vrhu
01:10
of the income distribution.
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raspodele prihoda.
01:12
The 0.1 percent in the U.S.
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0,1% u SAD
01:15
today account for more than eight percent
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danas ima udeo viši od 8%
01:18
of the national income.
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nacionalnog prihoda.
01:20
They are where the One Percent was 30 years ago.
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Oni su tamo gde je "jedan procenat"
bio pre 30 godina.
bio pre 30 godina.
01:24
Let me give you another number to put that in perspective,
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Dozvolite da dodam
još jedan broj u tu sliku,
još jedan broj u tu sliku,
01:27
and this is a figure that was calculated in 2005
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broj koji je izračunao 2005.
01:31
by Robert Reich,
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Robert Rajh,
01:32
the Secretary of Labor in the Clinton administration.
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ministar za rad
u Klintonovoj administraciji.
u Klintonovoj administraciji.
01:35
Reich took the wealth of two admittedly very rich men,
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Rajh je uzeo bogatstvo dve
veoma bogate osobe,
veoma bogate osobe,
01:40
Bill Gates and Warren Buffett,
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Bila Gejtsa i Vorena Bafeta
01:43
and he found that it was equivalent to the wealth
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i otkrio je da je
bilo ekvivalentno
bilo ekvivalentno
01:46
of the bottom 40 percent of the U.S. population,
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bogatstvu 120 miliona ljudi,
01:51
120 million people.
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40% donjeg dela populacije SAD.
01:53
Now, as it happens,
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Kao što se i dešava
01:56
Warren Buffett is not only himself a plutocrat,
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Voren Bafet nije samo plutokrata
01:59
he is one of the most astute observers of that phenomenon,
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već je i jedan od najpronicljivijih
posmatrača tog fenomena,
posmatrača tog fenomena,
02:02
and he has his own favorite number.
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i ima svoj omiljen broj.
02:06
Buffett likes to point out that in 1992,
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Bafet voli da istakne
da je u 1992.
da je u 1992.
02:10
the combined wealth of the people
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kombinovano bogatstvo naroda
02:12
on the Forbes 400 list --
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na listi Forbsovih 400,
02:14
and this is the list of the 400 richest Americans --
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a to je lista 400
najbogatijih Amerikanaca,
najbogatijih Amerikanaca,
02:17
was 300 billion dollars.
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bilo 300 milijardi dolara.
02:20
Just think about it.
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Razmislite o tome.
02:21
You didn't even need to be a billionaire
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Nisi čak morao biti ni milijarder
02:23
to get on that list in 1992.
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da bi se našao na toj listi 1992.
02:26
Well, today, that figure has more than quintupled
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Danas se ta cifra
više nego upetostručila
više nego upetostručila
02:30
to 1.7 trillion,
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do 1,7 biliona dolara
02:33
and I probably don't need to tell you
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i verovatno nije potrebno reći
02:36
that we haven't seen anything similar happen
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da ništa slično nismo
videli da se dešava
videli da se dešava
02:38
to the middle class,
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srednjoj klasi
02:39
whose wealth has stagnated if not actually decreased.
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čije bogatstvo je stagniralo
ili se čak smanjilo.
ili se čak smanjilo.
02:44
So we're living in the age of the global plutocracy,
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Dakle, živimo u dobu
globalne plutokratije
globalne plutokratije
02:48
but we've been slow to notice it.
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ali smo bili prespori
da to primetimo.
da to primetimo.
02:50
One of the reasons, I think,
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Mislim da je jedan od razloga
02:52
is a sort of boiled frog phenomenon.
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takozvani "fenomen kuvane žabe".
02:55
Changes which are slow and gradual
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Spore i postepene promene
02:57
can be hard to notice
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je teško primetiti
02:59
even if their ultimate impact is quite dramatic.
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čak i kada im je
krajnji uticaj dramatičan.
krajnji uticaj dramatičan.
03:02
Think about what happened, after all, to the poor frog.
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Razmislite samo šta se na kraju
desilo sirotoj žabi.
desilo sirotoj žabi.
03:05
But I think there's something else going on.
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Ipak mislim da se
nešto drugo događa.
nešto drugo događa.
03:08
Talking about income inequality,
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Razgovor o nejednakosti prihoda,
03:10
even if you're not on the Forbes 400 list,
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čak i ako niste na listi Forbsovih 400,
03:13
can make us feel uncomfortable.
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može da nam izazove nelagodan osećaj.
03:15
It feels less positive, less optimistic,
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Razgovor kako se pita rasparčava
03:18
to talk about how the pie is sliced
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deluje manje pozitivno,
manje optimistično
manje optimistično
03:21
than to think about how to make the pie bigger.
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od razmišljanja kako pitu povećati.
03:24
And if you do happen to be on the Forbes 400 list,
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Još ako ste slučajno
na listi Forbsovih 400,
na listi Forbsovih 400,
03:26
talking about income distribution,
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razgovor o raspodeli prihoda
03:29
and inevitably its cousin, income redistribution,
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i njegovoj neminovnoj preraspodeli
03:33
can be downright threatening.
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može biti zaista opasan.
03:35
So we're living in the age of surging income inequality,
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Dakle, živimo u doba
sve većih nejednakosti prihoda
sve većih nejednakosti prihoda
03:40
especially at the top.
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posebno na vrhu.
03:42
What's driving it, and what can we do about it?
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Šta do toga dovodi i
šta možemo uraditi u vezi s tim?
šta možemo uraditi u vezi s tim?
03:45
One set of causes is political:
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Jedan niz uzroka je politički:
03:49
lower taxes, deregulation, particularly of financial services,
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niži porezi, deregulacija,
posebno finansijskih usluga,
posebno finansijskih usluga,
03:55
privatization, weaker legal protections for trade unions,
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privatizacija,
slabija sindikalna pravna zaštita,
slabija sindikalna pravna zaštita,
04:00
all of these have contributed
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sve to je doprinelo
04:02
to more and more income going to the very, very top.
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da sve više prihoda
odlazi u sam vrh.
odlazi u sam vrh.
04:06
A lot of these political factors can be broadly lumped
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Velik broj tih političkih faktora
se uglavnom može svesti
se uglavnom može svesti
04:10
under the category of "crony capitalism,"
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pod kategoriju
"ortačkog kapitalizma,"
"ortačkog kapitalizma,"
04:13
political changes that benefit a group
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političkih promena u korist grupe
04:15
of well-connected insiders
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dobro povezanih insajdera,
04:17
but don't actually do much good for the rest of us.
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koje nama ostalima
u stvari ne donosi mnogo dobrog.
u stvari ne donosi mnogo dobrog.
04:21
In practice, getting rid of crony capitalism
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U praksi je neverovatno teško
04:24
is incredibly difficult.
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otarasiti se ortačkog kapitalizma.
04:26
Think of all the years reformers of various stripes
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Setite se svih godina
različitih reformatora
različitih reformatora
04:30
have tried to get rid of corruption in Russia, for instance,
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koji su pokušali da zaustave
korupciju u Rusiji, na primer
korupciju u Rusiji, na primer
04:33
or how hard it is to re-regulate the banks
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ili koliko je teško reregulisati banke
04:36
even after the most profound financial crisis
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čak i posle najdubljih
finansijskih kriza
finansijskih kriza
04:40
since the Great Depression,
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posle Velike ekonomske krize
04:41
or even how difficult it is to get the big multinational companies,
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ili kako je teško naterati
velike multinacionalne kompanije
velike multinacionalne kompanije
04:46
including those whose motto might be "don't do evil,"
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uključujući i one
čiji je moto "ne radi zlobno,"
čiji je moto "ne radi zlobno,"
04:50
to pay taxes at a rate even approaching that
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da plate porez po stopi
koja se samo približava
koja se samo približava
04:53
paid by the middle class.
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onoj koju plaća srednja klasa.
04:55
But while getting rid of crony capitalism in practice
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Ali dok je u praksi
zaista jako teško otarasiti se
zaista jako teško otarasiti se
04:58
is really, really hard,
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ortačkog kapitalizma,
05:00
at least intellectually, it's an easy problem.
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barem je teoretski to lako.
05:03
After all, no one is actually in favor of crony capitalism.
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Na kraju krajeva,
niko nije za ortački kapitalizam.
niko nije za ortački kapitalizam.
05:09
Indeed, this is one of those rare issues
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U stvari, to je jedna od retkih tema
05:11
that unites the left and the right.
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koja ujedinjuje levicu i desnicu.
05:15
A critique of crony capitalism is as central
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Kritika ortačkog kapitalizma
je centralna tema
je centralna tema
05:17
to the Tea Party as it is to Occupy Wall Street.
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kako na "Čajankama"
tako i na "Okupirajmo Volstrit".
tako i na "Okupirajmo Volstrit".
05:22
But if crony capitalism is, intellectually at least,
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Iako je ortački kapitalizam
barem teoretski
barem teoretski
05:26
the easy part of the problem,
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lako rešiv,
05:28
things get trickier when you look at the economic drivers
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stvari se komplikuju
kada posmatrate ekonomske pokretače
kada posmatrate ekonomske pokretače
05:31
of surging income inequality.
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sve većih razlika u prihodu.
05:34
In and of themselves, these aren't too mysterious.
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Sami po sebi oni nisu
previše tajnoviti.
previše tajnoviti.
05:38
Globalization and the technology revolution,
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Globalizacija i tehnološka revolucija,
05:41
the twin economic transformations
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ekonomske bliznakinje transformacije,
05:44
which are changing our lives
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koje menjaju naše živote
05:45
and transforming the global economy,
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i globalnu ekonomiju,
05:47
are also powering the rise of the super-rich.
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takođe pokreću uspon superbogatih.
05:51
Just think about it.
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Samo promislite o tome.
05:52
For the first time in history,
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Po prvi put u istoriji
05:54
if you are an energetic entrepreneur
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ako ste energičan preduzetnik
05:57
with a brilliant new idea
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s brilijantnom novom idejom
05:59
or a fantastic new product,
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ili fantastičnim novim proizvodom,
06:01
you have almost instant, almost frictionless access
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imate skoro trenutni,
neometani pristup
neometani pristup
06:05
to a global market of more than a billion people.
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svetskom tržištu
sa više od milijardu ljudi.
sa više od milijardu ljudi.
06:09
As a result, if you are very, very smart
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Posledično, ako ste veoma pametni
06:13
and very, very lucky,
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i veoma srećni
06:14
you can get very, very rich
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možete se jako obogatiti
06:17
very, very quickly.
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vrlo brzo.
06:20
The latest poster boy for this phenomenon
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Najnoviji primer
za ovaj fenomen
za ovaj fenomen
06:23
is David Karp.
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je Dejvid Karp.
06:25
The 26-year-old founder of Tumblr
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26-godišnji osnivač Tumblr-a
06:28
recently sold his company to Yahoo
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nedavno je prodao
svoju kompaniju Yahoo-u
svoju kompaniju Yahoo-u
06:30
for 1.1 billion dollars.
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za 1,1 milijardi dolara.
06:33
Think about that for a minute:
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Razmislite o tome na trenutak:
06:35
1.1 billion dollars, 26 years old.
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1,1 milijardi dolara, 26 godina.
06:39
It's easiest to see how the technology revolution
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Najbolje se vidi
kako tehnološka revolucija i globalizacija
kako tehnološka revolucija i globalizacija
06:43
and globalization are creating this sort of superstar effect
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stvaraju efekat superzvezde ove vrste
06:46
in highly visible fields,
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na najvidljivijim područjima
06:48
like sports and entertainment.
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kao što su sport i zabava.
06:51
We can all watch how a fantastic athlete
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Svi vidimo kako danas, kao nikad ranije,
fantastičan sportista
fantastičan sportista
06:54
or a fantastic performer can today leverage his or her skills
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ili izvođač može da iskoristi
svoje veštine
svoje veštine
06:58
across the global economy as never before.
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putem globalne ekonomije.
07:02
But today, that superstar effect
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Međutim, danas imamo
efekat superzvezde
efekat superzvezde
07:04
is happening across the entire economy.
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u celoj privredi.
07:07
We have superstar technologists.
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Imamo superzvezde tehnologe,
07:09
We have superstar bankers.
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bankare,
07:11
We have superstar lawyers and superstar architects.
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advokate i arhitekte.
07:14
There are superstar cooks
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Postoje superzvezde kuvari
07:16
and superstar farmers.
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i farmeri.
07:17
There are even, and this is my personal favorite example,
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Postoje čak, ovo je moj omiljen primer,
07:20
superstar dentists,
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superzvezde stomatolozi,
07:22
the most dazzling exemplar of whom
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za koji je najsjajni primer
07:24
is Bernard Touati, the Frenchman who ministers
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Bernard Tuati,
Francuz koji popravlja
Francuz koji popravlja
07:27
to the smiles of fellow superstars
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osmehe superzvezda
07:30
like Russian oligarch Roman Abramovich
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kao što je ruski oligarh
Roman Abramovič
Roman Abramovič
07:32
or European-born American fashion designer
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ili rodom Evropljanin,
američki modni kreator
američki modni kreator
07:35
Diane von Furstenberg.
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Dian von Furstenberg.
07:37
But while it's pretty easy to see how globalization
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Iako je lako uočiti kako globalizacija
07:40
and the technology revolution
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i tehnološka revolucija
07:42
are creating this global plutocracy,
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stvaraju ove globalne plutokratije,
07:45
what's a lot harder is figuring out what to think about it.
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mnogo je teže doneti sud o tome.
07:49
And that's because,
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To je zato
07:51
in contrast with crony capitalism,
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što za razliku od
ortačkog kapitalizma,
ortačkog kapitalizma,
07:53
so much of what globalization and the technology revolution
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globalizacija i tehnološka revolucija
07:57
have done is highly positive.
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imaju veoma pozitivne zasluge.
07:59
Let's start with technology.
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Počnimo sa tehnologijom.
08:01
I love the Internet. I love my mobile devices.
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Volim internet, mobilne aparate
08:05
I love the fact that they mean that
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i činjenicu što to znači
08:06
whoever chooses to will be able to watch this talk
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da ko god to želi
može da gleda ovaj govor,
može da gleda ovaj govor,
08:10
far beyond this auditorium.
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daleko izvan ove dvorane.
08:12
I'm even more of a fan of globalization.
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Još veća sam obožavateljka
globalizacije.
globalizacije.
08:15
This is the transformation
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Ovo je transformacija
08:17
which has lifted hundreds of millions
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koja je podigla stotine miliona
08:20
of the world's poorest people out of poverty
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najsiromašnijih ljudi na svetu iz bede
08:23
and into the middle class,
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u srednju klasu,
08:24
and if you happen to live in the rich part of the world,
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a ako ste slučajno živeli
u bogatom delu sveta
u bogatom delu sveta
08:27
it's made many new products affordable --
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mnogi novi proizvodi
su vam postali dostupni -
su vam postali dostupni -
08:31
who do you think built your iPhone? —
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ko je napravio ovaj Ajfon, šta mislite? -
08:33
and things that we've relied on for a long time much cheaper.
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i stvari na koje smo se dugo oslanjali
su pojeftinile.
su pojeftinile.
08:37
Think of your dishwasher or your t-shirt.
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Pomislite na vašu mašinu za pranje sudova
ili na vašu majicu.
ili na vašu majicu.
08:40
So what's not to like?
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Dakle, šta ne valja?
08:42
Well, a few things.
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Pa, nekoliko stvari.
08:44
One of the things that worries me
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Jedna od stvari koja me brine
08:46
is how easily what you might call meritocratic plutocracy
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je kako lako može
tzv. meritokratska plutokratija
tzv. meritokratska plutokratija
08:50
can become crony plutocracy.
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da postane ortačka plutokratija.
08:53
Imagine you're a brilliant entrepreneur
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Zamislite da ste sjajan preduzetnik
08:56
who has successfully sold that idea or that product
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koji je uspešno prodao
ideju ili proizvod
ideju ili proizvod
08:59
to the global billions
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globalnim milijardama
09:00
and become a billionaire in the process.
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i postao milijarder.
09:03
It gets tempting at that point
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U tom trenutku postaje primamljivo
09:05
to use your economic nous
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da koristite svoj ekonomski razum
09:08
to manipulate the rules of the global political economy
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za manipulaciju pravila
globalne političke ekonomije
globalne političke ekonomije
09:13
in your own favor.
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u sopstvenu korist.
09:15
And that's no mere hypothetical example.
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To nije samo hipotetički primer.
09:17
Think about Amazon, Apple, Google, Starbucks.
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Pomislite o Amazonu, Eplu,
Guglu, Starbaksu.
Guglu, Starbaksu.
09:22
These are among the world's most admired,
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Ovo su neke od najuglednijih,
09:24
most beloved, most innovative companies.
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omiljenih, najinovativnijih
kompanija na svetu.
kompanija na svetu.
09:27
They also happen to be particularly adept
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Takođe su izuzetno vešte
09:29
at working the international tax system
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u manipulisanju međunarodnim
poreskim sistemom
poreskim sistemom
09:32
so as to lower their tax bill very, very significantly.
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kako bi značajno smanjili
svoje poreze.
svoje poreze.
09:36
And why stop at just playing the global political
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I zašto se zaustaviti samo na
manipulaciji globalnog političkog
manipulaciji globalnog političkog
09:41
and economic system as it exists
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i ekonomskog sistema koji postoji
09:43
to your own maximum advantage?
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u vašu maksimalnu korist?
09:45
Once you have the tremendous economic power
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Jednom kada zadobijete
ogromnu ekonomsku moć,
ogromnu ekonomsku moć,
09:49
that we're seeing at the very, very top of the income distribution
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koju vidimo na samom vrhu
raspodele prihoda,
raspodele prihoda,
09:52
and the political power that inevitably entails,
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i političku moć koja se
nužno podrazumeva,
nužno podrazumeva,
09:55
it becomes tempting as well
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postaje takođe primamljivo
09:58
to start trying to change the rules of the game
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otpočeti s pokušajem
menjanja pravila igre
menjanja pravila igre
10:02
in your own favor.
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u vašu korist.
10:04
Again, this is no mere hypothetical.
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I ponovo, ovo nije samo hipotetički.
10:06
It's what the Russian oligarchs did
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1935
Tako su radili ruski oligarsi
10:08
in creating the sale-of-the-century privatization
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kreirajući prodaju stoleća
u vidu privatizacije
u vidu privatizacije
10:12
of Russia's natural resources.
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600087
1970
ruskih prirodnih resursa.
10:14
It's one way of describing what happened
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1774
To je takođe način
da se opiše šta se desilo
da se opiše šta se desilo
10:15
with deregulation of the financial services
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2035
sa deregulacijom finansijskih usluga
10:17
in the U.S. and the U.K.
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2235
u SAD i UK.
10:20
A second thing that worries me
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1926
Druga stvar koja me brine
10:22
is how easily meritocratic plutocracy
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je kako lako meritokratska plutokratija
10:24
can become aristocracy.
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može postati aristokratija.
10:27
One way of describing the plutocrats
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2075
Jedan od načina koji opisuje plutokrate
10:29
is as alpha geeks,
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1807
je da su glavni zaluđenici,
10:31
and they are people who are acutely aware
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2514
da su to ljudi koji su izrazito svesni
10:33
of how important highly sophisticated
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koliko su važne visoko sofisticirane
10:36
analytical and quantitative skills are in today's economy.
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analitičke i kvantitativne veštine
u današnjoj ekonomiji.
u današnjoj ekonomiji.
10:40
That's why they are spending
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2419
Zato oni troše
10:42
unprecedented time and resources
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rekordno vreme i resurse
10:45
educating their own children.
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1897
za obrazovanje svoje dece.
10:47
The middle class is spending more on schooling too,
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3267
Srednja klasa takođe
troši više na školovanje,
troši više na školovanje,
10:50
but in the global educational arms race
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2361
ali u globalnoj obrazovnoj trci
za prevlast
za prevlast
10:53
that starts at nursery school
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koja počinje u vrtiću
10:54
and ends at Harvard, Stanford or MIT,
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3738
i završava na Harvardu,
Stanfordu ili MIT-u,
Stanfordu ili MIT-u,
10:58
the 99 percent is increasingly outgunned
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3478
99 procenata je sve više razoružano
11:02
by the One Percent.
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od strane Jednog procenta.
11:03
The result is something that economists Alan Krueger
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2706
Ekonomisti Alen Kruger i Majls Korak
11:06
and Miles Corak call the Great Gatsby Curve.
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rezultat toga nazivaju
"Krivuljom Velikog Getsbija".
"Krivuljom Velikog Getsbija".
11:10
As income inequality increases,
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Rast nejednakosti u prihodima povlači
11:12
social mobility decreases.
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2773
opadanje u mobilnosti društva.
11:15
The plutocracy may be a meritocracy,
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2758
Plutokratija može biti meritokratija,
11:18
but increasingly you have to be born
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ali sve više je potrebno biti rođen
11:20
on the top rung of the ladder to even take part in that race.
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na gornjoj prečki merdevina
da bi uopšte učestvovao u toj trci.
da bi uopšte učestvovao u toj trci.
11:25
The third thing, and this is what worries me the most,
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Treća stvar koja me najviše brine
11:28
is the extent to which those same largely positive forces
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4351
je u kojoj meri te iste,
većinom pozitivne snage
većinom pozitivne snage
11:32
which are driving the rise of the global plutocracy
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3190
koje dovode do rasta
globalne plutokratije,
globalne plutokratije,
11:36
also happen to be hollowing out the middle class
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3432
istovremeno osiromašuju srednju klasu
11:39
in Western industrialized economies.
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u zapadnim industrijalizovanim
ekonomijama.
ekonomijama.
11:42
Let's start with technology.
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Počnimo sa tehnologijom.
11:44
Those same forces that are creating billionaires
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3073
Iste snage koje stvaraju milijardere
11:47
are also devouring many traditional middle-class jobs.
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4023
uništavaju mnoge tradicionalne poslove
srednje klase.
srednje klase.
11:51
When's the last time you used a travel agent?
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Kada ste poslednji put koristili
turističkog agenta?
turističkog agenta?
11:54
And in contrast with the industrial revolution,
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3081
Za razliku od industrijske revolucije
11:57
the titans of our new economy
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2156
velikani naše nove ekonomije
11:59
aren't creating that many new jobs.
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2802
ne stvaraju baš mnogo novih poslova.
12:02
At its zenith, G.M. employed hundreds of thousands,
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3819
Na svom vrhuncu G.M.
je zapošljavao stotine hiljada,
je zapošljavao stotine hiljada,
12:06
Facebook fewer than 10,000.
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3023
Fejsbuk zapošljava manje od 10.000.
12:09
The same is true of globalization.
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2670
Isto važi i za globalizaciju.
12:12
For all that it is raising hundreds of millions of people
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3243
Sve to što je izvuklo
stotine miliona ljudi
stotine miliona ljudi
12:15
out of poverty in the emerging markets,
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iz siromaštva na novim tržištima,
12:17
it's also outsourcing a lot of jobs
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2866
takođe je eksternalizovalo
mnoge poslove
mnoge poslove
12:20
from the developed Western economies.
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2301
iz razvijenih zapadnih ekonomija.
12:22
The terrifying reality is
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2767
Zastrašujuća realnost je
12:25
that there is no economic rule
255
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2257
da ne postoji ekonomsko pravilo
12:27
which automatically translates
256
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2937
koje bi automatski prevelo
12:30
increased economic growth
257
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1703
povećanje ekonomskog rasta
12:32
into widely shared prosperity.
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2310
u ravnomerno razdeljen prosperitet.
12:34
That's shown in what I consider to be
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2674
To se vidi u onome što smatram da je
12:37
the most scary economic statistic of our time.
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3683
najstrašnija ekonomska statistika
našeg vremena.
našeg vremena.
12:41
Since the late 1990s, increases in productivity
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4058
Od kasnih 1990-ih,
povećanje produktivnosti
povećanje produktivnosti
12:45
have been decoupled from increases
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2662
je bilo odvojeno od povećanja
12:48
in wages and employment.
263
756036
1934
u platama i zaposlenosti.
12:49
That means that our countries are getting richer,
264
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2944
To znači da su naše zemlje sve bogatije,
12:52
our companies are getting more efficient,
265
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2624
naša preduzeća su sve efikasnija,
12:55
but we're not creating more jobs
266
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1941
ali mi ne stvaramo više poslova
12:57
and we're not paying people, as a whole, more.
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i uopšteno ne plaćamo ljudima više.
13:01
One scary conclusion you could draw from all of this
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4209
Jedan strašan zaključak
koji biste mogli iz ovoga izvući
koji biste mogli iz ovoga izvući
13:05
is to worry about structural unemployment.
269
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3711
je zabrinutost
o strukturnoj nezaposlenosti.
o strukturnoj nezaposlenosti.
13:09
What worries me more is a different nightmare scenario.
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3787
Još više me brine
drugačiji košmarni scenario.
drugačiji košmarni scenario.
13:13
After all, in a totally free labor market,
271
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2592
Na kraju krajeva
na sasvim slobodnom tržištu rada
na sasvim slobodnom tržištu rada
13:15
we could find jobs for pretty much everyone.
272
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3202
možemo naći posao
za skoro svakoga.
za skoro svakoga.
13:18
The dystopia that worries me
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2028
Distopija koja me brine
13:20
is a universe in which a few geniuses
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3646
je univerzum u kome nekoliko genija
13:24
invent Google and its ilk
275
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2080
izumeju Gugl i tome slično,
13:26
and the rest of us are employed giving them massages.
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5195
a ostali smo zaposleni tako
što ih masiramo.
što ih masiramo.
13:31
So when I get really depressed about all of this,
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2633
Kada sam zbog svega toga depresivna
13:34
I comfort myself in thinking about the Industrial Revolution.
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3829
utešim se razmišljajući
o industrijskoj revoluciji.
o industrijskoj revoluciji.
13:38
After all, for all its grim, satanic mills,
279
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3895
Na kraju je i pored svih loših slutnji
13:42
it worked out pretty well, didn't it?
280
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2500
ispalo prilično dobro, zar ne?
13:44
After all, all of us here are richer, healthier, taller --
281
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7023
Na kraju krajeva,
svi smo bogatiji, zdraviji, viši -
svi smo bogatiji, zdraviji, viši -
13:51
well, there are a few exceptions —
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2026
dobro, ima nekoliko izuzetaka -
13:53
and live longer than our ancestors in the early 19th century.
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4991
i živimo duže od naših
predaka u ranom 19. veku.
predaka u ranom 19. veku.
13:58
But it's important to remember
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2584
Međutim, važno je zapamtiti
14:01
that before we learned how to share the fruits
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2822
da smo, pre nego što smo naučili
kako da delimo plodove
kako da delimo plodove
14:04
of the Industrial Revolution
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1679
industrijske revolucije
14:05
with the broad swathes of society,
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2563
društveno šire,
14:08
we had to go through two depressions,
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3395
morali da prođemo
kroz dve velike krize,
kroz dve velike krize,
14:11
the Great Depression of the 1930s,
289
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1859
veliku krizu iz 1930-ih,
14:13
the Long Depression of the 1870s,
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2854
dugu krizu iz 1870-ih,
14:16
two world wars, communist revolutions
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3167
dva svetska rata, komunističke revolucije
14:19
in Russia and in China,
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2079
u Rusiji i Kini
14:21
and an era of tremendous social
293
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2325
i doba ogromnih društvenih
14:24
and political upheaval in the West.
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2756
i političkih previranja na zapadu.
14:26
We also, not coincidentally,
295
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2720
Prošli smo takođe, ne slučajno,
14:29
went through an era of tremendous
296
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2538
kroz doba ogromnih
14:32
social and political inventions.
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2579
društvenih i političkih pronalazaka.
14:34
We created the modern welfare state.
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2344
Stvorili smo modernu državu blagostanja,
14:36
We created public education.
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1742
javno obrazovanje,
14:38
We created public health care.
300
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1704
javno zdravstvo.
14:40
We created public pensions.
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1775
Stvorili smo državne penzije
14:42
We created unions.
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2025
i sindikate.
14:44
Today, we are living through an era
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2516
Danas živimo u eri
14:46
of economic transformation
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874723
1961
ekonomske transformacije
14:48
comparable in its scale and its scope
305
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3306
uporedive u stepenu i obimu
14:51
to the Industrial Revolution.
306
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2268
sa industrijskom revolucijom.
14:54
To be sure that this new economy benefits us all
307
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3191
Da bismo bili sigurni da ova
nova ekonomija koristi svima,
nova ekonomija koristi svima,
14:57
and not just the plutocrats,
308
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2118
a ne samo plutokratama,
14:59
we need to embark on an era
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1664
morali bismo kročiti u eru
15:01
of comparably ambitious social and political change.
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podjednako ambicioznih
društvenih i političkih promena.
društvenih i političkih promena.
15:05
We need a new New Deal.
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Potreban nam je novi Nju Dil.
15:07
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chrystia Freeland - Plutocracy chroniclerIn "Plutocrats," Chrystia Freeland explores the growing gap between the working poor and the increasingly disconnected mega-rich.
Why you should listen
Author Chrystia Freeland looks under the hood of global capitalism to expose the technological, economic and structural inequalities pushing society in unforeseen directions. Along the way, she takes the temperature of a rising caste -- the super rich -- and shows how the creation of vast fortunes at the top hollow out the middle class in western industrialised countries. This rising income inequality, she argues, has a structural character, and is becoming a cultural and social issue, with consequences for social cohesion and social mobility.
Freeland began her career as an “accidental journalist” with frontline bulletins from the Ukraine in the heat of the Soviet collapse. She is now an editor at Thomson Reuters, and is frequently featured on media outlets ranging from the International Herald Tribune to The Colbert Report.
Chrystia Freeland | Speaker | TED.com