Will MacAskill: What are the most important moral problems of our time?
Vil Makaskil (Will MacAskill): Koji su najvažniji moralni problemi našeg vremena?
Will MacAskill is a cofounder of the effective altruism movement, a philosophy that tries to answer the question: How can we do as much good as possible? Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
of human civilization.
ljudske civilizacije.
over the last 200,000 years]
tokom poslednjih 200 000 godina]
on the equivalent of one dollar per day,
od jednog dolara dnevno
extraordinary happened:
koji ste upravo videli
in terms of power to change the world,
u pogledu moći da promenimo svet,
in human history,
u ljudskoj istoriji,
hasn't yet caught up with this fact.
još nije sustiglo ovu činjenicu.
our understanding of the world
naše razumevanje sveta
je etička revolucija
bounty of resources
ovo silno obilje resursa
a philosophy and research program
filozofski i istraživački program
to these radical changes in our world,
na ove radikalne promene u svetu,
to try to answer this question:
kako bi odgovorio na ovo pitanje:
što je više moguće dobrih stvari?
you've got to address
kojima se morate pozabaviti
kroz dobrotvorne akcije,
or your political engagement,
ili političko angažovanje,
who to work with.
sa kime da sarađujete.
fundamental problem.
da je najosnovniji problem.
that the world faces,
sa kojima se svet suočava,
on trying to solve first?
treba najpre fokusirati?
for thinking about this question,
za razmatranje ovog pitanja,
and the more neglected it is.
i što je više zanemaren.
if we do solve the problem.
with less time or money.
uz manje vremena i novca.
because of diminishing returns.
zbog opadajućih prinosa.
invested into solving a problem,
u rešavanje problema,
to make additional progress.
to leave with you is this framework,
da upamtite jeste ovaj okvir,
in the effective altruism community
efektivnog altruizma
that we believe are unusually important,
koja smatramo izuzetno važnim,
kotiraju u ovom okviru.
in global health.
u oblasti globalnog zdravlja.
malaria, diarrheal disease
malarije i dijareje
velike boginje.
over 60 million lives.
preko 60 miliona života.
than if we'd achieved world peace
nego da smo ostvarili mir u svetu
long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets
dugotrajne mrežice tretirane insekticidima
is factory farming.
je fabričko uzgajanje.
used every year for food,
kopnenih životinja radi ishrane,
are factory farmed,
of horrific suffering.
the worst-off creatures on this planet,
u najgoroj situaciji na ovoj planeti,
significantly improve their lives
značajno poboljšati njihov život
more animals in factory farms
u fabrikama za uzgajanje
of the philanthropic funding.
petnaesti deo filantropskih sredstava.
u ovoj oblasti mogla dovesti
resources in this area
that I want to focus on the most,
da se najviše fokusiram,
of existential risks:
egzistencijalnih opasnosti,
or a global pandemic
ili globalne pandemije
trajno izbaciti iz koloseka
of the human race.
do izumiranja ljudske rase.
da je to tako veliki prioritet
this is such a big priority
a truly existential catastrophe?
prava egzistencijalna katastrofa?
of all seven billion people on this planet
svih sedam milijardi ljudi na planeti,
and everyone you know and love.
i svih koje poznajete i volite.
of unimaginable size.
nezamislivih razmera.
of humanity's future potential,
budućeg potencijala čovečanstva,
potential is vast.
čovečanstva neizmeran.
for about 200,000 years,
oko 200 000 godina,
as a typical mammalian species,
koliko i tipična vrsta sisara,
for about two million years.
were a single individual,
bila samo jedna osoba,
isn't a typical mammalian species.
nije tipična vrsta sisara.
after only two million years.
for 500 million years to come.
još narednih 500 miliona godina.
for billions more.
još milijardama godina.
is going to be really big,
biti zaista nešto posebno,
even really worth preserving?
how things have been getting worse,
kako se stvari pogoršavaju,
we take the long run,
is life expectancy over time.
očekivani životni vek kroz vreme.
not living in extreme poverty.
u krajnjem siromaštvu.
that have decriminalized homosexuality.
dekriminalizovale homoseksualnost.
that have become democratic.
postale demokratske.
there could be so much more to gain again.
mnogo toga se ponovo može dobiti.
that are intractable today.
koje je danas nemoguće savladati.
of how humanity has progressed
kako je čovečanstvo napredovalo
flourishing over time,
ljudskog napretka kroz vreme,
future progress to look like.
da izgleda napredak u budućnosti.
to live in extreme poverty.
u uslovima krajnjeg siromaštva.
everyone to be better off
the fundamental natural laws
suštinske prirodne zakone
an entirely new form of art,
sasvim novi oblik umetnosti,
the ears to hear.
nemamo uši kojima je možemo čuti.
nekoliko hiljada godina.
the next few thousand years.
that human accomplishment might reach.
koje ljudska postignuća mogu dosegnuti.
i mogla bi biti veoma dobra,
and it could be very good,
we could lose this value?
da izgubimo tu vrednost?
tremendous technological progress,
ogroman tehnološki napredak,
the global risks of nuclear war
od nuklearnog rata
of extreme climate change.
the same pattern again.
taj isti obrazac.
powerful technologies on the horizon.
neke radikalno moćne tehnologije.
the power to create viruses
dati moć da stvorimo viruse
contagiousness and lethality.
to dramatically alter the earth's climate.
da drastično izmenimo klimu na planeti.
the power to create intelligent agents
moć da stvorimo inteligentne agente
of these risks are particularly likely,
od ovih opasnosti posebno verovatne,
matter a great deal.
and you're kind of nervous,
i pomalo ste nervozni,
chance of crashing. Don't worry."
je samo jedan u hiljadu. Ne brinite.“
the future of humanity
budućnosti čovečanstva
that we currently face.
sa kojima se trenutno suočavamo.
that affect future generations
koji pogađaju buduće generacije
don't participate in markets today.
ne učestvuju na današnjem tržištu.
representing the interests
the decisions we make today.
na odluke koje donosimo danas.
a paltry amount on these issues:
tričave količine novca za ove probleme:
biološkim agensima,
samo nekoliko desetina miliona dolara
only a few tens of millions of dollars
to the 390 billion dollars
sa 390 milijardi dolara
ili političkim angažovanjem.
you can support organizations
off hair-trigger alert,
ne budu više u stanju stalne pripravnosti,
develops policy to minimize the damage
strategije za smanjivanje štete
i onih kojima je uzrok čovek,
kompatibilnu sa ljudima
which does technical research
are safe and reliable.
bezbedni i pouzdani.
that care about these risks,
kojima je stalo do ovih opasnosti,
greater international cooperation.
i širu međunarodnu saradnju.
there is so much that you can do.
možete postići toliko toga.
and policymakers and organization leaders,
i rukovodioci organizacija,
and managers and assistants
da računovođe, menadžeri i asistenti
that are tackling these problems.
koje se bave ovim problemima.
of effective altruism
that we don't know.
that are big, solvable and neglected,
koji su veliki, rešivi i zanemareni
difference to the world
zaista ogromnu promenu u svetu
na hiljade narednih godina.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Will MacAskill - Moral philosopher, writerWill MacAskill is a cofounder of the effective altruism movement, a philosophy that tries to answer the question: How can we do as much good as possible?
Why you should listen
Will MacAskill is the author of Doing Good Better and the cofounder of the organization Giving What We Can and the social-impact-career advice project 80,000 Hours. He is a trustee of the Centre for Effective Altruism. As he writes: "I'm an associate professor of moral philosophy at Oxford University. I helped to create the philosophy of effective altruism: the use of evidence and reason to figure out how to do the most good we can.
"While growing up, I tried my best to do good things: I donated to high street charities, I worked at an old folks' home, I taught English in Ethiopia. But when I was a graduate student I realized that I'd never asked myself the question of whether these were the truly best ways of improving the world. So, being a nerd, I started doing some research to try to find out what activities would do the most to make the world a better place. Ten years later, I'm still asking that question.
"I'm still far from certain about what the best ways of doing good are, but I have learned that each and every one of us can do a tremendous amount to make the world a better place, whether that's by donating to buy bednets to protect children from malaria, campaigning to improve living conditions for animals in factory farms or working to ensure that the benefits of new technology are harnessed while avoiding the risks."
Will MacAskill | Speaker | TED.com