TEDGlobal 2014
Ethan Nadelmann: Why we need to end the War on Drugs
Itan Nejdlman (Ethan Nadelmann): Zašto moramo da prekinemo rat protiv droge
Filmed:
Readability: 5
2,031,417 views
Da li rat protiv droge donosi više štete nego koristi? Svojim hrabrim govorom, reformator zakona o drogama, Itan Nejdlman, iskazuje strastvenu molbu da prekinemo "nazadni, okrutni, katastrofalni" pokret koji žigoše trgovinu drogom. Pruža nam, umesto toga, dva značajna razloga zašto da se usredsredimo na pametnu regulaciju.
Ethan Nadelmann - Drug policy reformer
Ethan Nadelmann has ushered the once-marginal issue of drug legalization onto the center stage of US political debate. Full bio
Ethan Nadelmann has ushered the once-marginal issue of drug legalization onto the center stage of US political debate. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
What has the War on Drugs
done to the world?
done to the world?
0
761
4214
Šta je rat protiv droge učinio svetu?
00:17
Look at the murder and mayhem in Mexico,
1
4975
2177
Pogledajte ubistva i haos u Meksiku,
00:19
Central America, so many
other parts of the planet,
other parts of the planet,
2
7152
3847
u Centralnoj Americi
i mnogim drugim delovima planete.
i mnogim drugim delovima planete.
00:23
the global black market estimated
3
10999
1800
Svetsko crno tržište se procenjuje
00:24
at 300 billion dollars a year,
4
12799
2576
na 300 milijardi dolara godišnje.
00:27
prisons packed in the
United States and elsewhere,
United States and elsewhere,
5
15375
3442
Zatvori su prenatrpani,
kako u SAD-u, tako i drugde.
kako u SAD-u, tako i drugde.
00:31
police and military drawn
into an unwinnable war
into an unwinnable war
6
18817
2678
Policija i vojska su uvučeni
u nepobedivi rat
u nepobedivi rat
00:33
that violates basic rights,
and ordinary citizens
and ordinary citizens
7
21495
3262
koji krši osnovna prava, a obični građani
00:36
just hope they don't get
caught in the crossfire,
caught in the crossfire,
8
24757
2981
se jedino nadaju tome
da se ne zateknu u unakrsnoj paljbi.
da se ne zateknu u unakrsnoj paljbi.
00:39
and meanwhile, more people using
9
27738
2362
Istovremeno, sve više ljudi koristi
00:42
more drugs than ever.
10
30100
2261
sve više droge.
00:44
It's my country's history
with alcohol prohibition
with alcohol prohibition
11
32361
2295
To je istorija moje zemlje
u vreme prohibicije
u vreme prohibicije
00:46
and Al Capone, times 50.
12
34656
3127
i Al Kaponea, puta 50.
00:49
Which is why it's
particularly galling to me
particularly galling to me
13
37783
3553
Zato me to naročito razdražuje,
00:53
as an American that we've
been the driving force
been the driving force
14
41336
3129
kao Amerikanca, da smo mi pokretačka snaga
00:56
behind this global drug war.
15
44465
2036
iza ovog svetskog rata protiv droge.
Zapitajte se
zašto je toliko država inkriminisalo
zašto je toliko država inkriminisalo
00:58
Ask why so many countries criminalize
16
46501
2002
01:00
drugs they'd never heard of,
17
48503
1789
droge za koje nikada nisu ni čuli,
01:02
why the U.N. drug treaties emphasize
18
50292
3026
zašto UN-ovi paktovi o drogama
naglašavaju ilegalizaciju,
a ne zdravstvena pitanja.
a ne zdravstvena pitanja.
01:05
criminalization over health,
19
53318
2222
01:07
even why most of the money worldwide
20
55540
2344
Pa čak i zašto novac širom sveta
01:10
for dealing with drug abuse goes not
21
57884
1665
za bavljenje narkomanijom,
odlazi, ne agencijama za lečenje,
već onim za kažnjavanje
već onim za kažnjavanje
01:11
to helping agencies but those that punish,
22
59549
2771
01:14
and you'll find the good old U.S. of A.
23
62320
3319
i tu prednjače dobre stare SAD.
01:17
Why did we do this?
24
65639
2178
Zašto to radimo?
01:20
Some people, especially in Latin America,
25
67817
3296
Neki ljudi, naročito u Latinskoj Americi,
01:23
think it's not really about drugs.
26
71113
1733
misle da sve to nije zbog droga.
01:25
It's just a subterfuge for advancing
27
72846
2163
Već da je sve to
mazanje očiju zbog razvoja
mazanje očiju zbog razvoja
01:27
the realpolitik interests of the U.S.
28
75009
3158
makijavelističkih interesa SAD-a.
01:30
But by and large, that's not it.
29
78167
3363
No, uglavnom se ne radi o tome.
01:33
We don't want gangsters and guerrillas
30
81530
2913
Mi ne želimo gangstere i gerile,
01:36
funded with illegal drug money
31
84443
2070
koje finansira
nelegalni novac od narkotika,
nelegalni novac od narkotika,
01:38
terrorizing and taking over other nations.
32
86513
3116
da terorišu i osvajaju druge nacije.
01:41
No, the fact is, America really is crazy
33
89629
4571
Ne, činjenica je
da je Amerika zaista nenormalna
da je Amerika zaista nenormalna
01:46
when it comes to drugs.
34
94200
1840
kada je droga u pitanju.
01:48
I mean, don't forget, we're
the ones who thought
the ones who thought
35
96040
2160
Mislim, ne zaboravite da smo mislili
01:50
that we could prohibit alcohol.
36
98200
1666
kako možemo da zabranimo alkohol.
01:52
So think about our global drug war
37
99866
2283
Zato posmatrajte svetski rat protiv droge,
01:54
not as any sort of rational policy,
38
102149
2736
ne kao nekakvu razumnu politiku,
01:57
but as the international projection
39
104885
2742
već kao internacionalnu projekciju
01:59
of a domestic psychosis.
40
107627
3487
domaće psihoze.
02:03
(Applause)
41
111114
3046
(Aplauz)
02:06
But here's the good news.
42
114160
1667
Ali evo dobrih vesti.
02:08
Now it's the Russians leading
the Drug War and not us.
the Drug War and not us.
43
115827
3293
Trenutno su Rusi vodeći
u ratu protiv droge, ne mi.
u ratu protiv droge, ne mi.
Većina političara u mojoj zemlji
02:11
Most politicians in my country
44
119120
1580
je za povlačenje iz ovog rata,
02:12
want to roll back the Drug War now,
45
120700
1321
02:14
put fewer people behind bars, not more,
46
122021
2812
da što manje ljudi
stave iza rešetaka, ne više
stave iza rešetaka, ne više
02:17
and I'm proud to say as an American
47
124833
2509
i ponosan sam, kao Amerikanac,
što mogu da kažem
što mogu da kažem
02:19
that we now lead the world
48
127342
1584
da smo trenutno vodeći u svetu
02:21
in reforming marijuana policies.
49
128926
2240
kada su u pitanju reforme
zakona o marihuani.
zakona o marihuani.
02:23
It's now legal for medical purposes
50
131166
1946
Trenutno je ona legalna u medicinske svrhe
02:25
in almost half our 50 states,
51
133112
1800
u skoro polovini od naših 50 država.
02:27
millions of people can
purchase their marijuana,
purchase their marijuana,
52
134912
2362
Milioni ljudi sada mogu da kupe marihuanu,
02:29
their medicine, in government-
licensed dispensaries,
licensed dispensaries,
53
137274
2916
svoj lek,
u apotekama koje je vlada ovlastila
u apotekama koje je vlada ovlastila
02:32
and over half my fellow
citizens now say it's time
citizens now say it's time
54
140190
3080
i skoro polovina mojih sunarodnika
smatra da je došlo vreme
smatra da je došlo vreme
02:35
to legally regulate and tax marijuana
55
143270
2373
da se zakonski reguliše
porez na marihuanu,
porez na marihuanu,
02:37
more or less like alcohol.
56
145643
1677
više-manje kao i za alkohol.
02:39
That's what Colorado and
Washington are doing,
Washington are doing,
57
147320
1967
To rade Kolorado i Vašington,
02:41
and Uruguay, and others
are sure to follow.
are sure to follow.
58
149287
4386
a Urugvaj i ostali će ih sigurno slediti.
02:45
So that's what I do:
59
153673
2488
Evo čime se ja bavim:
02:48
work to end the Drug War.
60
156161
3806
radim na tome da se završi
rat protiv droge.
rat protiv droge.
02:52
I think it all started growing up
61
159967
2659
Mislim da je sve to počelo
dok sam odrastao
dok sam odrastao
02:54
in a fairly religious, moral family,
62
162626
2579
u prilično religioznoj, moralnoj porodici,
02:57
eldest son of a rabbi,
63
165205
2036
kao najstariji rabinov sin,
02:59
going off to university where I
64
167241
2171
potom sam otišao na fakultet,
gde sam povremeno pušio marihuanu
03:01
smoked some marijuana
65
169412
3350
03:04
and I liked it. (Laughter)
66
172762
2218
i svidela mi se. (Smeh)
03:07
And I liked drinking too, but it was obvious
67
174980
2475
Svideo mi se i alkohol,
ali mi je bilo očigledno
ali mi je bilo očigledno
03:09
that alcohol was really the
more dangerous of the two,
more dangerous of the two,
68
177455
2475
da je alkohol
zaista opasniji od marihuane,
zaista opasniji od marihuane,
03:12
but my friends and I could get busted
69
179930
1687
no prijatelje i mene bi uhapsili
03:13
for smoking a joint.
70
181617
1573
zbog pušenja džointa.
03:15
Now, that hypocrisy kept bugging me,
71
183190
2559
To licemerje me stalno nerviralo,
pa sam napisao doktorsku tezu
o internacionalnoj kontroli narkotika.
o internacionalnoj kontroli narkotika.
03:17
so I wrote my Ph.D dissertation
on international drug control.
on international drug control.
72
185749
2941
03:20
I talked my way into the State Department.
73
188690
2490
Prokrčio sam sebi put
do Stejt departmenta.
do Stejt departmenta.
03:23
I got a security clearance.
74
191180
1229
Dobio sam sigurnosne dozvole.
03:24
I interviewed hundreds of DEA
and other law enforcement agents
and other law enforcement agents
75
192409
2964
Intervjuisao sam na stotine
agenata DEA i drugih agencija
agenata DEA i drugih agencija
03:27
all around Europe and the Americas,
76
195373
2157
širom Evrope i Amerike,
03:29
and I'd ask them,
77
197530
1231
pitao sam ih:
03:30
"What do you think the answer is?"
78
198761
2624
"Šta mislite da je rešenje?"
03:33
Well, in Latin America, they'd say to me,
79
201385
2780
U Latinskoj Americi su mi rekli:
03:36
"You can't really cut off the supply.
80
204165
2815
"Ne možete zaista
da prekinete snabdevanje.
da prekinete snabdevanje.
03:39
The answer lies back in the U.S.,
81
206980
1554
Odgovor je u SAD-u,
03:40
in cutting off the demand."
82
208534
1803
u ukidanju potražnje."
03:42
So then I go back home and I talk to people
83
210337
2516
Pa sam se vratio kući
i razgovarao sam s ljudima
i razgovarao sam s ljudima
uključenim u napore
za suzbijanje narkotika, a oni su rekli:
za suzbijanje narkotika, a oni su rekli:
03:45
involved in anti-drug efforts there, and they'd say,
84
212853
2600
03:47
"You know, Ethan, you can't
really cut off the demand.
really cut off the demand.
85
215453
3228
"Znaš, Itane,
ne možeš zaista da ukineš potražnju.
ne možeš zaista da ukineš potražnju.
03:50
The answer lies over there.
You've got to cut off the supply."
You've got to cut off the supply."
86
218681
2947
Odgovor je na drugoj strani.
Moraš da prekineš snabdevanje."
Moraš da prekineš snabdevanje."
03:53
Then I'd go and talk
to the guys in customs
to the guys in customs
87
221628
2610
Onda bih otišao da razgovaram
s momcima na carini,
s momcima na carini,
03:56
trying to stop drugs at the borders,
88
224238
2362
koji pokušavaju
da zaustave drogu na granici,
da zaustave drogu na granici,
03:58
and they'd say, "You're
not going to stop it here.
not going to stop it here.
89
226600
3217
a oni bi mi rekli:
"Ne možete je ovde zaustaviti.
"Ne možete je ovde zaustaviti.
04:02
The answer lies over there,
90
229817
1969
Odgovor leži na drugoj strani,
04:03
in cutting off supply and demand."
91
231786
2992
u ukidanju snabdevanja i potražnje."
04:06
And it hit me:
92
234778
1630
A onda mi je sinulo:
04:08
Everybody involved in this
93
236408
2285
svi koji su uključeni u ovo,
04:10
thought the answer lay in that area
94
238693
2440
mislili su da odgovor leži u onoj oblasti
04:13
about which they knew the least.
95
241133
3008
o kojoj su znali najmanje.
04:16
So that's when I started
reading everything I could
reading everything I could
96
244141
2504
Tada sam počeo da čitam
sve što sam mogao
sve što sam mogao
04:18
about psychoactive drugs:
the history, the science,
the history, the science,
97
246645
2880
o psihoaktivnim drogama:
o istoriji, nauci,
o istoriji, nauci,
04:21
the politics, all of it,
98
249525
2105
politici, svemu tome,
04:23
and the more one read,
99
251630
2316
i što više čovek čita,
04:26
the more it hit you how a thoughtful,
100
253946
2542
sve mu je jasnije kako su pažljivi,
04:28
enlightened, intelligent
approach took you over here,
approach took you over here,
101
256488
3364
prosvetljujući, inteligentni
pristupi koji vas vode dovde,
pristupi koji vas vode dovde,
04:32
whereas the politics and laws of my country
102
259852
2508
dok vas politika i zakoni moje zemlje
04:34
were taking you over here.
103
262360
2036
vode dovde.
04:36
And that disparity struck me as this incredible
104
264396
3791
I ta nepodudarnost mi je izgledala
poput nekakve neverovatne
poput nekakve neverovatne
04:40
intellectual and moral puzzle.
105
268187
4167
intelektualne i moralne zagonetke.
04:46
There's probably never been
106
274385
2026
Verovatno nikada nije postojalo
04:48
a drug-free society.
107
276411
2609
društvo lišeno droge.
04:51
Virtually every society
108
279020
1750
Skoro svako društvo
04:52
has ingested psychoactive substances
109
280770
2401
je uzimalo psihoaktivne supstance
04:55
to deal with pain, increase
our energy, socialize,
our energy, socialize,
110
283171
3615
da se izbori s bolom,
poveća energiju, socijalizuje,
poveća energiju, socijalizuje,
04:58
even commune with God.
111
286786
2033
čak i da opšti s bogom.
05:01
Our desire to alter our consciousness
112
288819
2688
Naša želja da izmenimo svoju svest
05:03
may be as fundamental as our desires
113
291507
2430
možda spada u osnovne pobude,
poput naših žudnji
poput naših žudnji
05:06
for food, companionship and sex.
114
293937
3917
za hranom, društvom i seksom.
05:10
So our true challenge
115
297854
2137
Zato je za nas pravi izazov
05:12
is to learn how to live with drugs
116
299991
2880
da naučimo kako da živimo s drogama,
05:15
so they cause the least possible harm
117
302871
2756
kako bi uzrokovale najmanju moguću štetu
05:17
and in some cases the
greatest possible benefit.
greatest possible benefit.
118
305627
4213
i, u nekim slučajevima,
bile zaslužne za najveću moguću dobit.
bile zaslužne za najveću moguću dobit.
05:22
I'll tell you something else I learned,
119
309840
2070
Reći ću vam šta sam još naučio,
05:24
that the reason some drugs
are legal and others not
are legal and others not
120
311910
3088
razlog zašto su neke droge legalne,
a druge nisu
a druge nisu
05:27
has almost nothing to do
with science or health
with science or health
121
314998
2958
skoro da nema nikakve veze
s naukom ili zdravljem,
s naukom ili zdravljem,
05:30
or the relative risk of drugs,
122
317956
1833
ili relativnim rizikom od droga,
a skoro da je u potpunosti
u vezi s tim ko je korisnik
u vezi s tim ko je korisnik
05:31
and almost everything to do with who uses
123
319789
2396
05:34
and who is perceived
to use particular drugs.
to use particular drugs.
124
322185
3128
i koga vide kao potrošača određene droge.
05:37
In the late 19th century,
125
325313
2070
U kasnom 19. veku,
05:39
when most of the drugs that
are now illegal were legal,
are now illegal were legal,
126
327383
3340
kada je većina droga,
koje su sad nelegalne, bila legalna,
koje su sad nelegalne, bila legalna,
05:42
the principal consumers
of opiates in my country
of opiates in my country
127
330723
2712
glavni potrošači opijata u mojoj zemlji
05:45
and others were middle-aged white women,
128
333435
3804
i drugde, bile su sredovečne belkinje,
05:49
using them to alleviate aches and pains
129
337239
2359
koje su ih koristile da uklone bolove,
05:51
when few other analgesics were available.
130
339598
2722
kada nije bilo mnogo dostupnih analgetika.
I niko tada nije razmišljao
da ih kriminalizuje
da ih kriminalizuje
05:54
And nobody thought about
criminalizing it back then
criminalizing it back then
131
342320
2161
05:56
because nobody wanted to
put Grandma behind bars.
put Grandma behind bars.
132
344481
2997
jer niko nije želeo
da stavi baku iza rešetaka.
da stavi baku iza rešetaka.
05:59
But when hundreds of thousands of Chinese
133
347478
2458
Ali kada je na stotine hiljada Kineza
06:02
started showing up in my country,
134
349936
1789
počelo da se pojavljuje u mojoj zemlji,
06:03
working hard on the railroads and the mines
135
351725
2598
vredno radeći na prugama i u rudnicima,
06:06
and then kicking back in the evening
136
354323
1479
da bi se potom opustili uveče,
06:08
just like they had in the old country
137
355802
1704
kao nekad u svojoj zemlji,
06:09
with a few puffs on that opium pipe,
138
357506
2657
pućkanjem dima ili dva
iz te opijumske lule,
iz te opijumske lule,
06:12
that's when you saw the
first drug prohibition laws
first drug prohibition laws
139
360163
2317
tada smo dobili prve zakone
o zabrani narkotika
o zabrani narkotika
06:14
in California and Nevada,
140
362480
1800
u Kaliforniji i Nevadi,
podstaknute rasističkim strahom
da bi Kinezi
da bi Kinezi
06:16
driven by racist fears of Chinese
141
364280
1878
06:18
transforming white women
142
366158
1836
mogli da transformišu belkinje
06:20
into opium-addicted sex slaves.
143
367994
3384
u seksualne robove navučene na opijum.
06:23
The first cocaine prohibition
laws, similarly prompted
laws, similarly prompted
144
371378
2835
Prvi zakoni o zabrani kokaina,
slično su podstaknuti
slično su podstaknuti
06:26
by racist fears of black men
sniffing that white powder
sniffing that white powder
145
374213
3767
rasističkim strahom od crnaca
koji su ušmrkavali taj beli prah
koji su ušmrkavali taj beli prah
06:30
and forgetting their proper place
146
377980
1879
i tako zaboravljali svoje mesto
06:32
in Southern society.
147
379859
1954
u južnjačkom društvu.
06:34
And the first marijuana prohibition laws,
148
381813
1983
A prvi zakoni o zabrani marihuane
06:35
all about fears of Mexican migrants
149
383796
2073
su vezani za strah
od meksičkih emigranata
od meksičkih emigranata
06:38
in the West and the Southwest.
150
385869
3776
na zapadu i jugozapadu.
06:41
And what was true in my country,
151
389645
2734
A ono što je istina za moju zemlju,
06:44
is true in so many others as well,
152
392379
2497
istina je i za većinu drugih zemalja,
06:47
with both the origins of these laws
153
394876
2244
i kad je poreklo zakona u pitanju
06:49
and their implementation.
154
397120
3423
i njihova implementacija.
06:52
Put it this way,
155
400543
1617
Gledajte na to ovako,
06:54
and I exaggerate only slightly:
156
402160
2681
ja samo blago preterujem:
06:57
If the principal smokers of cocaine
157
404841
3082
da su glavni pušači kokaina
07:00
were affluent older white men
158
407923
1994
bili imućniji stariji belci,
07:02
and the principal consumers of Viagra
159
409917
2989
a da su glavni potrošači vijagre
07:05
were poor young black men,
160
412906
1894
bili siromašni mladi crnci,
07:07
then smokable cocaine would be easy to
get with a prescription from your doctor
get with a prescription from your doctor
161
414800
3112
onda bi kokain za pušenje bio
dostupan na recept vašeg doktora,
dostupan na recept vašeg doktora,
07:10
and selling Viagra would get you
five to 10 years behind bars.
five to 10 years behind bars.
162
417912
3285
a prodaja vijagre bi vam donela
pet do deset godina zatvora.
pet do deset godina zatvora.
07:13
(Applause)
163
421197
3784
(Aplauz)
07:17
I used to be a professor teaching about this.
164
424981
3854
Nekada sam kao profesor podučavao o ovome.
07:21
Now I'm an activist, a human rights activist,
165
428835
3655
Sada sam aktivista,
aktivista za ljudska prava,
aktivista za ljudska prava,
07:24
and what drives me is my shame
166
432490
2761
i ono što me pokreće je stid
07:27
at living in an otherwise great nation
167
435251
2178
što živim, u inače divnoj naciji,
07:29
that has less than five percent
of the world's population
of the world's population
168
437429
2783
koja čini manje od pet procenata
svetske populacije,
svetske populacije,
07:32
but almost 25 percent of the
world's incarcerated population.
world's incarcerated population.
169
440212
3628
ali i skoro 25 procenata zatvorenika
celokupnog čovečanstva.
celokupnog čovečanstva.
07:36
It's the people I meet
who have lost someone
who have lost someone
170
443840
2401
Ljudi koje srećem
su izgubili nekoga koga vole
su izgubili nekoga koga vole
07:38
they love to drug-related
violence or prison
violence or prison
171
446241
2554
zbog nasilja u vezi s drogom ili zatvora
07:40
or overdose or AIDS
172
448795
1462
ili predoziranja ili side,
07:42
because our drug policies emphasize
173
450257
1980
jer naši zakoni o narkoticima naglašavaju
07:44
criminalization over health.
174
452237
2024
kriminalizaciju nauštrb zdravlja.
07:46
It's good people who have lost their jobs,
175
454261
3229
Dobri ljudi su izgubili posao,
07:49
their homes, their freedom,
even their children
even their children
176
457490
3630
dom, slobodu, čak i decu
07:53
to the state, not because they hurt anyone
177
461120
3468
zbog države,
ne zato što su povredili nekoga,
ne zato što su povredili nekoga,
07:56
but solely because they chose to use one drug
178
464588
3225
već samo zato što su izabrali
da koriste jednu drogu,
da koriste jednu drogu,
08:00
instead of another.
179
467813
3014
a ne neku drugu.
08:03
So is legalization the answer?
180
470827
4349
Dakle, da li je legalizacija rešenje?
08:07
On that, I'm torn:
181
475176
2037
Dvoumim se po tom pitanju:
tri dana u nedelji mislim da jeste,
tri dana u nedelji mislim da nije,
tri dana u nedelji mislim da nije,
08:09
three days a week I think yes,
three days a week I think no,
three days a week I think no,
182
477213
3183
08:12
and on Sundays I'm agnostic.
183
480396
2220
a nedeljom sam agnostik.
08:14
But since today is Tuesday,
184
482616
2526
No, kako je danas utorak,
08:17
let me just say that legally
regulating and taxing
regulating and taxing
185
485142
4702
dozvolite da kažem da bi se
zakonskom regulacijom i oporezivanjem
zakonskom regulacijom i oporezivanjem
08:22
most of the drugs that
are now criminalized
are now criminalized
186
489844
2418
većine droga koje su trenutno nelegalne,
08:24
would radically reduce
the crime, violence,
the crime, violence,
187
492262
2374
radikalno smanjio broj prekršaja, nasilje,
08:26
corruption and black markets,
188
494636
1732
korupcija i crno tržište,
08:28
and the problems of adulterated
and unregulated drugs,
and unregulated drugs,
189
496368
3037
i da bi bio rešen problem
sa štetnim i neispravnim drogama,
sa štetnim i neispravnim drogama,
08:31
and improve public safety,
190
499405
1947
unapredila bi se javna sigurnost
08:33
and allow taxpayer resources to be developed
191
501352
2204
i novac poreskih obveznika bi se trošio
08:35
to more useful purposes.
192
503556
2216
u korisnije svrhe.
08:37
I mean, look, the markets
in marijuana, cocaine,
in marijuana, cocaine,
193
505772
3780
Mislim, pogledajte tržišta
marihuane, kokaina,
marihuane, kokaina,
08:41
heroin and methamphetamine
194
509552
2013
heroina i metamfetamina,
08:43
are global commodities markets
195
511565
2565
to su svetska tržišta robe,
08:46
just like the global markets
in alcohol, tobacco,
in alcohol, tobacco,
196
514130
3195
baš kao i svetska tržišta
alkohola, duvana,
alkohola, duvana,
08:49
coffee, sugar, and so many other things.
197
517325
2880
kafe, šećera i mnogih drugih stvari.
08:52
Where there is a demand,
198
520205
2396
Dok postoji potražnja,
08:54
there will be a supply.
199
522601
2523
biće i ponude.
08:57
Knock out one source and another
200
525124
2156
Oborite jedan izvor
i drugi će se neizbežno pojaviti.
08:59
inevitably emerges.
201
527280
1710
09:01
People tend to think of prohibition
202
528990
2380
Ljudi imaju običaj da misle o zabrani
09:03
as the ultimate form of regulation
203
531370
2498
kao krajnjem obliku regulacije,
09:06
when in fact it represents
the abdication of regulation
the abdication of regulation
204
533868
4019
dok ona, zapravo, predstavlja
odricanje od regulacije
odricanje od regulacije
09:10
with criminals filling the void.
205
537887
4017
gde kriminalci ispunjavaju prazninu.
09:14
Which is why putting criminal laws and police
206
541904
2260
Zbog čega je stavljanje zakona i policije
09:16
front and center in trying to control
207
544164
3218
u prve i cetralne redove,
u pokušaju kontrolisanja
u pokušaju kontrolisanja
09:19
a dynamic global commodities market
208
547382
3104
dinamičnog svetskog tržišta robe,
09:22
is a recipe for disaster.
209
550486
2869
recept za katastrofu.
09:25
And what we really need to do
210
553355
2171
A ono što bi zaista trebalo da uradimo
09:27
is to bring the underground drug markets
211
555526
2374
je da izvedemo podzemna tržišta droge,
09:30
as much as possible aboveground
212
557900
2913
koliko god je moguće, na površinu
09:33
and regulate them as
intelligently as we can
intelligently as we can
213
560813
4072
i da ih regulišemo što pametnije
09:37
to minimize both the harms of drugs
214
564885
2789
kako bismo sveli na minimum
i štetu od droge
i štetu od droge
09:39
and the harms of prohibitionist policies.
215
567674
3488
i štetne zakone o zabrani.
09:43
Now, with marijuana, that obviously means
216
571162
3565
Kad je marihuana u pitanju,
to očigledno znači
to očigledno znači
09:46
legally regulating and
taxing it like alcohol.
taxing it like alcohol.
217
574727
2666
da je zakonski regulišemo
i oporezujemo, poput alkohola.
i oporezujemo, poput alkohola.
09:49
The benefits of doing so are
enormous, the risks minimal.
enormous, the risks minimal.
218
577393
3330
Korist od ovog čina je ogromna,
rizik minimalan.
rizik minimalan.
09:52
Will more people use marijuana?
219
580723
2711
Da li će više ljudi da koristi marihuanu?
09:55
Maybe, but it's not
going to be young people,
going to be young people,
220
583434
3971
Možda, ali to neće da budu mladi ljudi,
09:59
because it's not going to
be legalized for them,
be legalized for them,
221
587405
2002
jer neće da bude legalna za njih,
10:01
and quite frankly, they already have
222
589407
1811
i da budem iskren, oni već imaju
10:03
the best access to marijuana.
223
591218
2036
najbolji pristup marihuani.
10:05
I think it's going to be older people.
224
593254
2149
Mislim da će to da budu stariji ljudi.
10:07
It's going to be people in their 40s and 60s
225
595403
2159
Biće to ljudi u 40-im i 60-im
10:09
and 80s who find they prefer a little marijuana
226
597562
3646
i 80-im godinama, koji će da otkriju
da više vole malo marihuane
da više vole malo marihuane
10:13
to that drink in the evening or the sleeping pill
227
601208
3290
od tog večernjeg pića
ili tablete za spavanje,
ili tablete za spavanje,
10:16
or that it helps with
their arthritis or diabetes
their arthritis or diabetes
228
604498
3640
ili će im to olakšavati tegobe
od artritisa ili dijabetesa
od artritisa ili dijabetesa
10:20
or maybe helps spice up a
long-term marriage. (Laughter)
long-term marriage. (Laughter)
229
608138
5192
ili će im možda pomoći
da začine dugotrajni brak. (Smeh)
da začine dugotrajni brak. (Smeh)
10:25
And that just might be a
net public health benefit.
net public health benefit.
230
613330
3154
A to bi mogao da bude
značajan doprinos zdravlju.
značajan doprinos zdravlju.
10:28
As for the other drugs,
231
616484
2362
Što se tiče drugih droga,
10:31
look at Portugal, where
nobody goes to jail
nobody goes to jail
232
618846
2621
pogledajte Portugal,
gde niko ne ide u zatvor
gde niko ne ide u zatvor
10:33
for possessing drugs,
233
621467
1763
zbog posedovanja droge,
a vlada je posvećena tome
10:35
and the government's made
a serious commitment
a serious commitment
234
623230
1370
da zavisnost tretira
kao zdravstveno pitanje.
kao zdravstveno pitanje.
10:36
to treating addiction as a health issue.
235
624600
2210
Pogledajte Švajcarsku, Nemačku, Holandiju,
10:39
Look at Switzerland,
Germany, the Netherlands,
Germany, the Netherlands,
236
626810
1901
10:40
Denmark, England, where people who have
237
628711
1946
Dansku, Englesku, gde ljudi koji su
10:42
been addicted to heroin for many years
238
630657
1901
zavisni o heroinu mnogo godina
10:44
and repeatedly tried to quit and failed
239
632558
2306
i koji su više puta
prestajali i nije im uspelo,
prestajali i nije im uspelo,
10:47
can get pharmaceutical
heroin and helping services
heroin and helping services
240
634864
2858
mogu da dobiju medicinski heroin
i službenu pomoć
i službenu pomoć
10:49
in medical clinics, and
the results are in:
the results are in:
241
637722
3441
u domovima zdravlja, a rezultati toga su:
10:53
Illegal drug abuse and disease
242
641163
3064
upotreba nelegalnih droga, bolesti,
10:56
and overdoses and crime
and arrests all go down,
and arrests all go down,
243
644227
4147
predoziranja, kriminal i hapšenja,
sve je u padu,
sve je u padu,
11:00
health and well-being improve,
244
648374
2149
dok zdravlje i dobrobit napreduju,
11:02
taxpayers benefit,
245
650523
1732
poreski obveznici imaju koristi,
11:04
and many drug users even
put their addictions behind them.
put their addictions behind them.
246
652255
4150
a mnogim korisnicima
je zavisnost postala prošlost.
je zavisnost postala prošlost.
Pogledajte Novi Zeland,
gde je nedavno na snagu stupio zakon
gde je nedavno na snagu stupio zakon
11:08
Look at New Zealand, which
recently enacted a law
recently enacted a law
247
656405
2802
11:11
allowing certain recreational
drugs to be sold legally
drugs to be sold legally
248
659207
2935
kojim se dozvoljava legalna prodaja
određenih lakih droga,
određenih lakih droga,
11:14
provided their safety had been established.
249
662142
2701
ukoliko se potvrdi njihova neškodljivost.
11:17
Look here in Brazil, and some other countries,
250
664843
2699
Pogledajte ovde u Brazilu
i u još nekim zemljama,
i u još nekim zemljama,
11:19
where a remarkable psychoactive substance,
251
667542
3063
gde se izuzetno psihoaktivna supstanca,
11:22
ayahuasca, can be legally
bought and consumed
bought and consumed
252
670605
3225
ajahuaska,
može legalno kupiti i konzumirati,
može legalno kupiti i konzumirati,
11:26
provided it's done so
within a religious context.
within a religious context.
253
673830
3128
ukoliko se to radi u religijske svrhe.
11:29
Look in Bolivia and Peru,
254
676958
2002
Pogledajte Boliviju i Peru,
11:31
where all sorts of products
made from the coca leaf,
made from the coca leaf,
255
678960
2789
gde se razni proizvodi
napravljeni od lista koke,
napravljeni od lista koke,
11:33
the source of cocaine,
256
681749
1901
izvora kokaina,
11:35
are sold legally over the counter
257
683650
1620
prodaju legalno na tezgama,
11:37
with no apparent harm to people's public health.
258
685270
3133
bez vidljive štete po javno zdravlje.
11:40
I mean, don't forget, Coca-Cola
had cocaine in it until 1900,
had cocaine in it until 1900,
259
688403
4036
Mislim, ne zaboravite da je Koka-kola
sadržala kokain do 1900.
sadržala kokain do 1900.
i, čini se
da nije izazivala veću zavisnost
da nije izazivala veću zavisnost
11:44
and so far as we know was no more addictive
260
692439
1968
11:46
than Coca-Cola is today.
261
694407
4053
od današnje Koka-kole.
11:50
Conversely, think about cigarettes:
262
698460
3077
Nasuprot tome, razmislite o cigaretama.
11:53
Nothing can both hook you
and kill you like cigarettes.
and kill you like cigarettes.
263
701537
4986
Ništa vas ne može tako navući
i ubiti kao cigarete.
i ubiti kao cigarete.
11:58
When researchers ask heroin addicts
264
706523
3064
Kada istraživači pitaju
heroinske zavisnike,
heroinske zavisnike,
12:01
what's the toughest drug to
quit, most say cigarettes.
quit, most say cigarettes.
265
709587
3206
s koje se droge najteže skinuti,
većina kaže da su to cigarete.
većina kaže da su to cigarete.
12:04
Yet in my country and many others,
266
712793
2374
Ipak u mojoj i mnogim drugim državama,
12:07
half of all the people who
were ever addicted
were ever addicted
267
715167
2542
polovina svih ljudi
koji su ikada bili zavisni od cigareta
koji su ikada bili zavisni od cigareta
12:09
to cigarettes have quit
268
717709
1935
su prestali da puše,
12:11
without anyone being
arrested or put in jail
arrested or put in jail
269
719644
3008
a da niko nije pritvoren
ili smešten u zatvor
ili smešten u zatvor
12:14
or sent to a "treatment program"
270
722652
2256
ili poslat na "tretman lečenja"
12:17
by a prosecutor or a judge.
271
724908
1733
od strane tužioca ili sudije.
12:18
What did it were higher taxes
272
726641
3296
Do toga su doveli veći porezi
12:22
and time and place
restrictions on sale and use
restrictions on sale and use
273
729937
3543
i ograničenja vremena i prostora
za prodaju i konzumiranje,
za prodaju i konzumiranje,
12:25
and effective anti-smoking campaigns.
274
733480
3072
kao i efikasne kampanje protiv pušenja.
12:28
Now, could we reduce smoking even more
275
736552
3940
E sad, da li bismo još više smanjili
broj pušača
broj pušača
12:32
by making it totally illegal? Probably.
276
740492
4339
kada bismo ga učinili skroz nelegalnim?
Verovatno.
Verovatno.
12:37
But just imagine the drug war nightmare
277
744831
3611
Ali samo zamislite kakva bi noćna mora
od rata protiv droge
od rata protiv droge
12:40
that would result.
278
748442
3038
iz toga proizašla.
Dakle, izazovi s kojima se danas suočavamo
12:43
So the challenges we face today
279
751480
2283
12:45
are twofold.
280
753763
1867
su dvostruki.
12:47
The first is the policy challenge
281
755630
3015
Na prvom mestu je izazov sa regulativama,
12:50
of designing and implementing alternatives
282
758645
3678
kako osmisliti
i implementirati alternative
i implementirati alternative
12:54
to ineffective prohibitionist policies,
283
762323
2418
neefikasnim propisima o zabrani,
12:56
even as we need to get
better at regulating
better at regulating
284
764741
3420
čak moramo i da popravimo regulative
13:00
and living with the drugs
that are now legal.
that are now legal.
285
768161
3669
i život uz droge koje su trenutno legalne.
13:04
But the second challenge is tougher,
286
771830
3361
Ali drugi izazov je teži
13:07
because it's about us.
287
775191
3611
jer se tiče nas samih.
13:11
The obstacles to reform
lie not just out there
lie not just out there
288
778802
3488
Prepreke reformama,
ne leže samo na drugoj strani,
ne leže samo na drugoj strani,
13:14
in the power of the
prison industrial complex
prison industrial complex
289
782290
2160
u nadležnosti industrije
zatvorskih kompleksa
zatvorskih kompleksa
ili u interesima onih
koji bi da održavaju stanje
koji bi da održavaju stanje
13:16
or other vested interests
that want to keep things
that want to keep things
290
784450
2204
13:18
the way they are,
291
786654
1426
kakvo jeste,
13:20
but within each and every one of us.
292
788080
3840
već u svakome od nas.
13:24
It's our fears and our lack of knowledge
293
791920
4050
Naši strahovi i neznanje
13:28
and imagination that stands
in the way of real reform.
in the way of real reform.
294
795970
6700
i uobrazilje stoje na putu
istinskih reformi.
istinskih reformi.
13:34
And ultimately, I think that
boils down to the kids,
boils down to the kids,
295
802670
4570
I konačno, mislim da se sve svodi na decu
13:39
and to every parent's desire
to put our baby in a bubble,
to put our baby in a bubble,
296
807240
3745
i na potrebu svakog roditelja
da drži svoje dete pod staklenim zvonom,
da drži svoje dete pod staklenim zvonom,
13:43
and the fear that somehow
drugs will pierce that bubble
drugs will pierce that bubble
297
810985
3330
i na strah da će droge nekako
probiti to stakleno zvono
probiti to stakleno zvono
13:46
and put our young ones at risk.
298
814315
1929
i izložiti našu omladinu riziku.
13:48
In fact, sometimes it
seems like the entire
seems like the entire
299
816244
2070
Zapravo, ponekad se čini da se čitav
13:50
War on Drugs gets justified
300
818314
1976
rat protiv droge opravdava
13:52
as one great big child protection act,
301
820290
3926
kao jedan veliki čin zaštite dece,
13:56
which any young person
can tell you it's not.
can tell you it's not.
302
824216
3607
što će vam svaka mlada osoba opovrgnuti.
14:00
So here's what I say to teenagers.
303
827823
4106
Evo šta ja kažem tinejdžerima.
14:04
First, don't do drugs.
304
831929
3686
Pod jedan, ne drogirajte se.
14:07
Second, don't do drugs.
305
835615
3790
Pod dva, ne drogirajte se.
14:11
Third, if you do do drugs,
306
839405
3420
Pod tri, ako se drogirate,
14:15
there's some things I want you to know,
307
842825
2542
želim da nešto znate,
14:17
because my bottom line as your parent is,
308
845367
4043
jer ja, kao roditelj, samo želim
14:21
come home safely at the end of the night
309
849410
2981
da na kraju večeri dođete bezbedno kući
14:24
and grow up and lead a
healthy and good adulthood.
healthy and good adulthood.
310
852391
3533
i da odrastete i da vodite
zdrav i dobar život.
zdrav i dobar život.
14:28
That's my drug education
mantra: Safety first.
mantra: Safety first.
311
855924
5613
To je moja obrazovna mantra
za droge: sigurnost na prvom mestu.
za droge: sigurnost na prvom mestu.
14:33
So this is what I've dedicated my life to,
312
861537
3656
Evo čemu sam posvetio život,
14:37
to building an organization and a movement
313
865193
2508
izgradnji organizacije i pokreta ljudi
14:39
of people who believe we
need to turn our backs
need to turn our backs
314
867701
2860
koji veruju da moramo
da okrenemo leđa
da okrenemo leđa
14:42
on the failed prohibitions of the past
315
870561
2045
neuspelim zabranama iz prošlosti
14:44
and embrace new drug
policies grounded in science,
policies grounded in science,
316
872606
2699
i da prigrlimo nove zakone o drogama,
zasnovane na nauci,
zasnovane na nauci,
14:47
compassion, health and human rights,
317
875305
2941
saosećanju, zdravlju i ljudskim pravima,
14:50
where people who come from
across the political spectrum
across the political spectrum
318
878246
2638
gde će da budu ljudi
različitih političkih pogleda,
različitih političkih pogleda,
14:53
and every other spectrum as well,
319
880884
1981
kao i drugih shvatanja,
14:55
where people who love our drugs,
320
882865
1734
gde ljudi koji vole droge,
14:56
people who hate drugs,
321
884599
1339
ljudi koji mrze droge
14:58
and people who don't give
a damn about drugs,
a damn about drugs,
322
885938
2312
i ljudi koje baš briga za droge,
15:00
but every one of us believes
that this War on Drugs,
that this War on Drugs,
323
888250
3434
ali gde svi oni veruju
da ovaj rat protiv droga
da ovaj rat protiv droga
15:03
this backward, heartless,
disastrous War on Drugs,
disastrous War on Drugs,
324
891684
4247
ovaj nazadni, okrutni,
katastrofalni rat protiv droge
katastrofalni rat protiv droge
15:08
has got to end.
325
895931
3099
mora da prestane.
15:11
Thank you.
326
899030
1843
Hvala vam.
15:13
(Applause)
327
900873
5007
(Aplauz)
15:27
Thank you. Thank you.
328
915042
2680
Hvala vam. Hvala vam.
15:29
Chris Anderson: Ethan,
329
917722
2221
Kris Anderson: Itane,
15:32
congrats — quite the reaction.
330
919943
3239
čestitam - poprilična reakcija.
15:35
That was a powerful talk.
331
923182
2744
To je bio snažan govor.
15:38
Not quite a complete standing O, though,
332
925926
3308
Ne baš ovacije, no ipak,
i pretpostavljam da neki ljudi ovde
15:41
and I'm guessing that some people here
333
929234
1687
i možda nekolicina njih
koji prate preko interneta
koji prate preko interneta
15:43
and maybe a few watching online,
334
930921
2266
15:45
maybe someone knows a teenager or a friend
335
933187
4100
možda neko od njih
zna tinejdžera ili prijatelja
zna tinejdžera ili prijatelja
15:49
or whatever who got sick,
336
937287
2217
ili bilo koga, ko je oboleo,
15:51
maybe died from some drug overdose.
337
939504
2996
možda i umro od predoziranja.
Ubeđen sam da su ti takvi ljudi prilazili.
15:54
I'm sure you've had these
people approach you before.
people approach you before.
338
942500
1886
15:56
What do you say to them?
339
944386
2171
Šta im kažeš?
Itan Nejdlman: Kris, najdivnije
što mi se desilo
što mi se desilo
15:58
Ethan Nadelmann: Chris, the most
amazing thing that's happened of late
amazing thing that's happened of late
340
946557
2182
16:00
is that I've met a growing number of people
341
948739
2241
je da srećem sve više ljudi
16:03
who have actually
lost a sibling or a child
lost a sibling or a child
342
950980
2578
koji su zapravo izgubili brata ili dete
16:05
to a drug overdose,
343
953558
1626
zbog predoziranja,
16:07
and 10 years ago, those
people just wanted to say,
people just wanted to say,
344
955184
1976
i pre 10 godina, ti ljudi bi samo rekli,
16:09
let's line up all the drug
dealers and shoot them
dealers and shoot them
345
957160
1980
poređajmo sve dilere i streljajmo ih
16:11
and that will solve it.
346
959140
1341
i to će da reši problem.
16:12
And what they've come to understand
347
960481
1295
A ono što su shvatili
16:13
is that the Drug War did
nothing to protect their kids.
nothing to protect their kids.
348
961776
2883
je da rat protiv droge
nije zaštitio njihovu decu.
nije zaštitio njihovu decu.
16:16
If anything, it made it more likely
349
964659
1449
Štaviše, povećao je šanse
16:18
that those kids were put at risk.
350
966108
2102
da ta deca budu u rizičnoj grupi.
16:20
And so they're now becoming part of this
351
968210
1610
I zato se oni sada uključuju
16:22
drug policy reform movement.
352
969820
1875
u ovaj pokret za reforme o drogama.
16:23
There's other people who have kids,
353
971695
1690
Tu su i drugi ljudi koji imaju decu,
16:25
one's addicted to alcohol, the other
one's addicted to cocaine or heroin,
one's addicted to cocaine or heroin,
354
973385
3465
jedno je zavisno od alkohola,
drugo od kokaina ili heroina
drugo od kokaina ili heroina
16:29
and they ask themselves the question:
355
976850
1428
i oni se pitaju:
16:30
Why does this kid get to
take one step at a time
take one step at a time
356
978278
2317
zašto ovo dete može malo-pomalo
16:32
and try to get better
357
980595
1294
da pokušava da ozdravi,
16:34
and that one's got to deal with jail
358
981889
1564
dok je drugo suočeno sa zatvorom,
16:35
and police and criminals all the time?
359
983453
2025
policijom i kriminalcima, istovremeno?
16:37
So everybody's understanding,
360
985478
1470
Svima je jasno
16:39
the Drug War's not protecting anybody.
361
986948
2725
da rat protiv droge ne štiti nikoga.
16:41
CA: Certainly in the U.S.,
you've got political gridlock
you've got political gridlock
362
989673
2081
KA: Svakako ne u SAD-u, gde politika koči
16:43
on most issues.
363
991754
1395
mnoga pitanja.
16:45
Is there any realistic chance of anything
364
993149
1732
Postoji li realna šansa da će se išta
16:47
actually shifting on this
issue in the next five years?
issue in the next five years?
365
994881
3346
zapravo promeniti po ovom pitanju
u narednih pet godina?
u narednih pet godina?
16:50
EN: I'd say it's quite remarkable.
I'm getting all these calls
I'm getting all these calls
366
998227
2018
IN: Izvanredno je što primam silne pozive
16:52
from journalists now who are saying to me,
367
1000245
1881
od novinara koji mi govore:
16:54
"Ethan, it seems like the only two issues
368
1002126
2004
"Itane, izgleda
da se jedino po dva pitanja
da se jedino po dva pitanja
16:56
advancing politically in America right now
369
1004130
2293
trenutno u SAD-u
postiže politički pomak,
postiže politički pomak,
16:58
are marijuana law reform and gay marriage.
370
1006423
2891
a to su marihuana i homoseksualni brakovi.
17:01
What are you doing right?"
371
1009314
1577
Kako ti to uspeva?"
17:03
And then you're looking at
bipartisanship breaking out
bipartisanship breaking out
372
1010891
2588
Potom vidite kako se
dvostranačje usaglašava
dvostranačje usaglašava
17:05
with, actually, Republicans in the Congress
373
1013479
2292
sa, zapravo, republikancima u kongresu
17:07
and state legislatures
allowing bills to be enacted
allowing bills to be enacted
374
1015771
3069
i državnim zakonodavnim telima,
kako zajedno donose zakone
kako zajedno donose zakone
17:11
with majority Democratic support,
375
1018840
1964
uz većinsku podršku demokrata,
17:13
so we've gone from being sort of the third rail,
376
1020804
2516
tako smo prešli put od crne tačke na putu,
17:15
the most fearful issue of American politics,
377
1023320
2091
najstrašnijeg pitanja
u američkoj politici,
u američkoj politici,
17:17
to becoming one of the most successful.
378
1025411
2750
do toga da smo postali
najuspešnije pitanje.
najuspešnije pitanje.
KA: Itane, hvala što si došao.
IN: Kris, mnogo hvala.
IN: Kris, mnogo hvala.
17:20
CA: Ethan, thank you so much for coming to TEDGlobal.
EN: Chris, thanks so much.
EN: Chris, thanks so much.
379
1028161
2183
17:22
CA: Thank you.
EN: Thank you. (Applause)
EN: Thank you. (Applause)
380
1030344
2920
KA: Hvala.
IN: Hvala. (Aplauz)
IN: Hvala. (Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ethan Nadelmann - Drug policy reformerEthan Nadelmann has ushered the once-marginal issue of drug legalization onto the center stage of US political debate.
Why you should listen
Once derided as the province of spaced-out collegiate activists, the fight to reform marijuana and other drug laws is becoming increasingly mainstream in the US -- thanks in large part to the Drug Policy Alliance and its founder, Ethan Nadelmann.
Nadelmann believes that America (and the world) is losing the war on drugs, with disastrous implications for marginalized communities, exploding prison populations, and law enforcement in general. His arguments have converted politicians and policy-makers on both sides of the aisle. And the debate is shifting, with US states such as Colorado legalizing marjuana for recreational use, and countries such as Uruguay taking similar steps.
More profile about the speakerNadelmann believes that America (and the world) is losing the war on drugs, with disastrous implications for marginalized communities, exploding prison populations, and law enforcement in general. His arguments have converted politicians and policy-makers on both sides of the aisle. And the debate is shifting, with US states such as Colorado legalizing marjuana for recreational use, and countries such as Uruguay taking similar steps.
Ethan Nadelmann | Speaker | TED.com