TED2016
Tabetha Boyajian: The most mysterious star in the universe
Tabeta Bojadžin (Tabetha Boyajian): Najtajanstvenija zvezda u univerzumu
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Nešto masivno, otprilike 1,000 puta veće od površine Zemlje, blokira svetlost koja dolazi od udaljene zvezde, poznate kao KIC 8462852, a niko nije siguran o čemu se radi. Dok je astronomkinja Tabeta Bojadžin istraživala šta bi taj ogroman, nepravilan objekat mogao da bude, kolega joj je predložio nešto neobično: da li bi to mogla da bude masivna megastruktura koju su napravili vanzemaljci? Takva izvanredna zamisao bi zahtevala izvanredne dokaze. Ovim govorom, Bojadžin nam daje uvid u to kako naučnici tragaju za hipotezama i kako ih testiraju kada su suočeni s nepoznatim.
Tabetha Boyajian - Astronomer
Tabetha Boyajian is best known for her research on KIC 8462852, a puzzling celestial body that has inspired otherwise sober scientists to brainstorm outlandish hypotheses. Full bio
Tabetha Boyajian is best known for her research on KIC 8462852, a puzzling celestial body that has inspired otherwise sober scientists to brainstorm outlandish hypotheses. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Extraordinary claims
require extraordinary evidence,
require extraordinary evidence,
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Izvanredne tvrdnje
zahtevaju izvanredne dokaze,
zahtevaju izvanredne dokaze,
00:17
and it is my job,
my responsibility, as an astronomer
my responsibility, as an astronomer
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a moj je posao,
moja odgovornost kao astronoma,
moja odgovornost kao astronoma,
00:22
to remind people that alien hypotheses
should always be a last resort.
should always be a last resort.
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da podsetim ljude da su pretpostavke
o vanzemaljcima uvek poslednje uporište.
o vanzemaljcima uvek poslednje uporište.
00:29
Now, I want to tell you
a story about that.
a story about that.
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Sad želim da vam ispričam priču o tome.
00:31
It involves data from a NASA mission,
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Ona sadrži podatke sa NASA-ine misije,
00:35
ordinary people and one of the most
extraordinary stars in our galaxy.
extraordinary stars in our galaxy.
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obične ljude i jednu od najizvanrednijih
zvezda u našoj galaksiji.
zvezda u našoj galaksiji.
00:41
It began in 2009 with the launch
of NASA's Kepler mission.
of NASA's Kepler mission.
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Počinje 2009,
lansiranjem NASA-ine misije Kepler.
lansiranjem NASA-ine misije Kepler.
00:46
Kepler's main scientific objective
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Keplerov glavni naučni cilj
00:48
was to find planets
outside of our solar system.
outside of our solar system.
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je bio da pronađe planete
van našeg solarnog sistema.
van našeg solarnog sistema.
00:51
It did this by staring
at a single field in the sky,
at a single field in the sky,
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On je to radio tako što bi zurio
u jedno polje na nebu,
u jedno polje na nebu,
00:54
this one, with all the tiny boxes.
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ovo, sa svim tim malim poljima.
00:57
And in this one field,
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A u ovom polju
00:58
it monitored the brightness
of over 150,000 stars
of over 150,000 stars
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je nadgledao sjaj preko 150,000 zvezda
01:03
continuously for four years,
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u kontinuitetu od četiri godine,
01:05
taking a data point every 30 minutes.
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uzimajući jedinice podataka
na svakih 30 minuta.
na svakih 30 minuta.
01:10
It was looking for what
astronomers call a transit.
astronomers call a transit.
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Tražio je ono
što astronomi zovu tranzitom.
što astronomi zovu tranzitom.
01:13
This is when the planet's orbit
is aligned in our line of sight,
is aligned in our line of sight,
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To je kad se planetarna orbita
poravna s našom linijom horizonta,
poravna s našom linijom horizonta,
01:18
just so that the planet
crosses in front of a star.
crosses in front of a star.
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prosto se radi o prolasku planete
ispred zvezde.
ispred zvezde.
01:22
And when this happens,
it blocks out a tiny bit of starlight,
it blocks out a tiny bit of starlight,
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A kad se ovo desi,
maleni deo zvezdane svetlosti je blokiran,
maleni deo zvezdane svetlosti je blokiran,
01:27
which you can see as a dip in this curve.
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što je prikazano
u vidu pada na ovoj krivoj.
u vidu pada na ovoj krivoj.
01:31
And so the team at NASA
had developed very sophisticated computers
had developed very sophisticated computers
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Pa je NASA-ina ekipa
razvila veoma prefinjene kompjutere
razvila veoma prefinjene kompjutere
01:36
to search for transits
in all the Kepler data.
in all the Kepler data.
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da bi tragali za tranzitima
kroz sve Keplerove podatke.
kroz sve Keplerove podatke.
01:40
At the same time
of the first data release,
of the first data release,
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Istovremeno sa prvom objavom podataka,
01:44
astronomers at Yale
were wondering an interesting thing:
were wondering an interesting thing:
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astronomi na Jejlu
su se zapitali nešto zanimljivo:
su se zapitali nešto zanimljivo:
01:48
What if computers missed something?
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šta ako je kompjuterima nešto promaklo?
01:53
And so we launched the citizen
science project called Planet Hunters
science project called Planet Hunters
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Te smo pokrenuli projekat građana naučnika
pod nazivom Lovci na planete,
pod nazivom Lovci na planete,
01:57
to have people look at the same data.
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da bi ljudi pregledali iste te podatke.
02:01
The human brain has an amazing ability
for pattern recognition,
for pattern recognition,
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Ljudski mozak ima neverovatnu sposobnost
prepoznavanja obrazaca,
prepoznavanja obrazaca,
02:05
sometimes even better than a computer.
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ponekad čak i bolju od kompjutera.
02:07
However, there was a lot
of skepticism around this.
of skepticism around this.
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Međutim, mnogo je bilo skepse oko ovoga.
02:10
My colleague, Debra Fischer,
founder of the Planet Hunters project,
founder of the Planet Hunters project,
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Moja koleginica Debra Fišer,
osnivačica projekta Lovci na planete,
osnivačica projekta Lovci na planete,
02:13
said that people at the time were saying,
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rekla je da su ljudi tada govorili:
02:15
"You're crazy. There's no way
that a computer will miss a signal."
that a computer will miss a signal."
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"Luda si. Nema šanse
da bi kompjuteru promakao signal."
da bi kompjuteru promakao signal."
02:19
And so it was on, the classic
human versus machine gamble.
human versus machine gamble.
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Pa je to bila klasična opklada
ljudi protiv mašine.
ljudi protiv mašine.
02:23
And if we found one planet,
we would be thrilled.
we would be thrilled.
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A ako bismo pronašli jednu planetu,
bili bismo oduševljeni.
bili bismo oduševljeni.
02:27
When I joined the team four years ago,
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Kada sam se priključila ekipi
pre četiri godine,
pre četiri godine,
02:29
we had already found a couple.
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već smo bili našli nekolike.
02:32
And today, with the help
of over 300,000 science enthusiasts,
of over 300,000 science enthusiasts,
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A do danas smo uz pomoć
preko 300,000 naučnih entuzijasta
preko 300,000 naučnih entuzijasta
02:37
we have found dozens,
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pronašli na desetine,
02:38
and we've also found
one of the most mysterious stars
one of the most mysterious stars
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a takođe smo pronašli
jednu od najtajanstvenijih zvezda
jednu od najtajanstvenijih zvezda
02:42
in our galaxy.
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u našoj galaksiji.
02:45
So to understand this,
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Kako biste razumeli ovo,
02:46
let me show you what a normal transit
in Kepler data looks like.
in Kepler data looks like.
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dozvolite da pokažem kako izgleda
normalan tranzit u Keplerovim podacima.
normalan tranzit u Keplerovim podacima.
02:50
On this graph on the left-hand side
you have the amount of light,
you have the amount of light,
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Na ovom grafikonu, s leve strane,
imate količinu svetlosti,
imate količinu svetlosti,
02:54
and on the bottom is time.
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a na dnu je vreme.
02:55
The white line
is light just from the star,
is light just from the star,
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Bela linija je svetlost samo od zvezde,
02:59
what astronomers call a light curve.
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ono što astronomi zovu svetlosnom krivom.
03:01
Now, when a planet transits a star,
it blocks out a little bit of this light,
it blocks out a little bit of this light,
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Sad, kad planeta prolazi ispred zvezde,
blokira mali deo ove svetlosti,
blokira mali deo ove svetlosti,
03:05
and the depth of this transit
reflects the size of the object itself.
reflects the size of the object itself.
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a dubina ovog tranzita
odražava veličinu samog objekta.
odražava veličinu samog objekta.
03:10
And so, for example, let's take Jupiter.
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Pa uzmimo, na primer, Jupiter.
03:13
Planets don't get
much bigger than Jupiter.
much bigger than Jupiter.
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Planete obično nisu veće od Jupitera.
03:15
Jupiter will make a one percent drop
in a star's brightness.
in a star's brightness.
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Jupiter će da uzrokuje pad
u jačini svetlosti zvezde za jedan posto.
u jačini svetlosti zvezde za jedan posto.
03:19
Earth, on the other hand,
is 11 times smaller than Jupiter,
is 11 times smaller than Jupiter,
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Zemlja, s druge strane,
manja je od Jupitera 11 puta
manja je od Jupitera 11 puta
03:23
and the signal
is barely visible in the data.
is barely visible in the data.
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i njen signal je jedva vidljiv u podacima.
03:26
So back to our mystery.
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Vratimo se našoj zagoneci.
03:28
A few years ago, Planet Hunters were
sifting through data looking for transits,
sifting through data looking for transits,
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Pre nekoliko godina, Lovci na planete
su pretresali podatke, tražeći tranzite
su pretresali podatke, tražeći tranzite
03:33
and they spotted a mysterious signal
coming from the star KIC 8462852.
coming from the star KIC 8462852.
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i uočili su tajanstveni signal
koji je stizao sa zvezde KIC 8462852.
koji je stizao sa zvezde KIC 8462852.
03:39
The observations in May of 2009
were the first they spotted,
were the first they spotted,
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Njihove opservacije iz maja 2009.
su bile prva opažanja
su bile prva opažanja
03:43
and they started talking about this
in the discussion forums.
in the discussion forums.
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i počeli da govore o ovome
na forumima za diskusije.
na forumima za diskusije.
03:47
They said and object like Jupiter
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Rakli su da bi objekat nalik Jupiteru
03:49
would make a drop like this
in the star's light,
in the star's light,
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uzrokovao ovakav pad u svetlosti zvezde,
03:52
but they were also saying it was giant.
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ali su takođe govorili da se radi o džinu.
03:55
You see, transits normally
only last for a few hours,
only last for a few hours,
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Vidite, tranziti obično traju
svega nekoliko sati,
svega nekoliko sati,
03:58
and this one lasted for almost a week.
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a ovaj je trajao skoro nedelju dana.
04:01
They were also saying
that it looks asymmetric,
that it looks asymmetric,
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Takođe su govorili da izgleda asimetrično,
04:05
meaning that instead of the clean,
U-shaped dip that we saw with Jupiter,
U-shaped dip that we saw with Jupiter,
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u smislu da umesto jasnog pada
u obliku slova U, kao kod Jupitera,
u obliku slova U, kao kod Jupitera,
04:09
it had this strange slope
that you can see on the left side.
that you can see on the left side.
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imao je čudan nagib koji vidite s leva.
04:13
This seemed to indicate
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Ovo kao da je nagoveštavalo
04:14
that whatever was getting in the way
and blocking the starlight
and blocking the starlight
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da šta god da se preprečilo
i blokira zvezdanu svetlost
i blokira zvezdanu svetlost
04:18
was not circular like a planet.
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nije kružnog oblika poput planete.
04:21
There are few more dips that happened,
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Još se nekoliko padova dogodilo,
04:23
but for a couple of years,
it was pretty quiet.
it was pretty quiet.
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ali je nekoliko godina bilo prilično tiho.
04:26
And then in March of 2011, we see this.
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A onda smo u martu 2011. videli ovo.
04:31
The star's light drops
by a whole 15 percent,
by a whole 15 percent,
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Svetlost zvezde pada
za čitavih 15 procenata,
za čitavih 15 procenata,
04:35
and this is huge compared to a planet,
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a to je ogromno, u poređenju s planetom,
04:37
which would only make a one percent drop.
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koja bi napravila pad od svega 1%.
04:40
We described this feature
as both smooth and clean.
as both smooth and clean.
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Opisali smo ovu odliku
istovremeno glatkom i jasnom.
istovremeno glatkom i jasnom.
04:44
It also is asymmetric,
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Takođe je asimetrična
04:46
having a gradual dimming
that lasts almost a week,
that lasts almost a week,
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i postepeno se pomračuje,
a to traje skoro nedelju
a to traje skoro nedelju
04:48
and then it snaps right back up to normal
in just a matter of days.
in just a matter of days.
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a potom se naglo vraća u normalu
za svega nekoliko dana.
za svega nekoliko dana.
04:52
And again, after this, not much happens
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A onda, nakon ovoga, nema mnogo dešavanja,
04:57
until February of 2013.
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sve do februara 2013.
05:00
Things start to get really crazy.
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Stvari postaju zaista nenormalne.
05:03
There is a huge complex of dips
in the light curve that appear,
in the light curve that appear,
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Nalazimo ogroman kompleks padova
na svetlosnoj krivoj
na svetlosnoj krivoj
05:08
and they last for like a hundred days,
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i traju oko stotinu dana,
05:10
all the way up
into the Kepler mission's end.
into the Kepler mission's end.
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skroz do kraja Keplerove misije.
05:13
These dips have variable shapes.
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Ovi padovi imaju razne oblike.
05:15
Some are very sharp, and some are broad,
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Neki su veoma oštri, a neki su široki
05:17
and they also have variable durations.
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i trajanje im takođe varira.
05:19
Some last just for a day or two,
and some for more than a week.
and some for more than a week.
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Neki traju svega dan ili dva,
a neki više od nedelju dana.
a neki više od nedelju dana.
05:24
And there's also up and down trends
within some of these dips,
within some of these dips,
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I takođe imamo trendove rasta i pada
unutar ovih padova,
unutar ovih padova,
05:27
almost like several independent events
were superimposed on top of each other.
were superimposed on top of each other.
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skoro kao da se radi o nekoliko nezavisnih
događaja nadređenih jedan drugom.
događaja nadređenih jedan drugom.
05:32
And at this time, this star drops
in its brightness over 20 percent.
in its brightness over 20 percent.
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A ovog puta, svetlost ove zvezde
pada za preko 20 procenata.
pada za preko 20 procenata.
05:39
This means that whatever
is blocking its light
is blocking its light
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Što znači da šta god blokira svetlost,
05:41
has an area of over 1,000 times
the area of our planet Earth.
the area of our planet Earth.
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ima površinu veću za 1,000 puta
od površine naše planete Zemlje.
od površine naše planete Zemlje.
05:46
This is truly remarkable.
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Ovo je zaista neverovatno.
05:49
And so the citizen scientists,
when they saw this,
when they saw this,
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Pa su građani naučnici, kad su videli ovo,
05:51
they notified the science team
that they found something weird enough
that they found something weird enough
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obavestili ekipu naučnika
da su otkrili nešto prilično čudno
da su otkrili nešto prilično čudno
05:55
that it might be worth following up.
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što bi vredelo pratiti.
05:58
And so when the science team looked at it,
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Pa kad je ekipa naučnika to pogledala,
06:00
we're like, "Yeah, there's probably
just something wrong with the data."
just something wrong with the data."
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bili smo u fazonu: "Da, mora da nešto
nije u redu s podacima."
nije u redu s podacima."
06:04
But we looked really, really, really hard,
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Ali gledali smo veoma,
veoma, veoma podrobno
veoma, veoma podrobno
06:06
and the data were good.
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i podaci su bili dobri.
06:10
And so what was happening
had to be astrophysical,
had to be astrophysical,
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A ono što se dešavalo
je moralo da bude astrofizičkog porekla,
je moralo da bude astrofizičkog porekla,
06:13
meaning that something in space
was getting in the way
was getting in the way
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u smislu da se nešto u svemiru preprečilo
06:17
and blocking starlight.
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i blokira zvezdanu svetlost.
06:20
And so at this point,
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Pa smo se u tom momentu
06:21
we set out to learn
everything we could about the star
everything we could about the star
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zaputili da naučimo
sve što smo mogli o toj zvezdi,
sve što smo mogli o toj zvezdi,
06:24
to see if we could find any clues
to what was going on.
to what was going on.
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ne bi li našli nagoveštaj
toga šta se dešavalo.
toga šta se dešavalo.
06:27
And the citizen scientists
who helped us in this discovery,
who helped us in this discovery,
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A građani naučnici
koji su pomogli u otkrivanju ovoga,
koji su pomogli u otkrivanju ovoga,
06:30
they joined along for the ride
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pridružili su se trci
06:32
watching science in action firsthand.
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posmatrajući iz prve ruke nauku na delu.
06:37
First, somebody said, you know,
what if this star was very young
what if this star was very young
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Prvo je neko rekao, znate,
šta ako se radi o veoma mladoj zvezdi
šta ako se radi o veoma mladoj zvezdi
06:42
and it still had the cloud of material
it was born from surrounding it.
it was born from surrounding it.
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koja još uvek ima oko sebe
oblak materijala iz kojeg je nastala.
oblak materijala iz kojeg je nastala.
06:47
And then somebody else said,
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A onda je neko drugi rekao,
06:48
well, what if the star
had already formed planets,
had already formed planets,
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šta ako je zvezda već oformila planete,
06:51
and two of these planets had collided,
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a dve od tih planeta su se sudarile,
06:53
similar to the Earth-Moon forming event.
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poput teorije o nastanku Zemlje i Meseca.
06:56
Well, both of these theories
could explain part of the data,
could explain part of the data,
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Pa, obe ove teorije
su mogle da objasne deo podataka,
su mogle da objasne deo podataka,
07:00
but the difficulties were that the star
showed no signs of being young,
showed no signs of being young,
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ali problem je bio u tome što
zvezda nije pokazivala znakove mladosti
zvezda nije pokazivala znakove mladosti
07:03
and there was no glow
from any of the material
from any of the material
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i nije bilo odsjaja
bilo kog drugog materijala
bilo kog drugog materijala
07:06
that was heated up by the star's light,
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koga zagreva svetlost zvezde,
07:08
and you would expect this
if the star was young
if the star was young
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a to biste očekivali kod mlade zvezde
07:11
or if there was a collision
and a lot of dust was produced.
and a lot of dust was produced.
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ili kad bi se desio sudar
koji bi proizveo mnogo prašine.
koji bi proizveo mnogo prašine.
07:15
And so somebody else said,
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Pa je neko drugi rekao,
07:17
well, how about a huge swarm of comets
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šta ako se radi o ogromnom jatu kometa
07:22
that are passing by this star
in a very elliptical orbit?
in a very elliptical orbit?
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koje prolaze pored ove zvezde
krajnje eliptičnom orbitom?
krajnje eliptičnom orbitom?
07:26
Well, it ends up that this is actually
consistent with our observations.
consistent with our observations.
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Pa, završilo se time što je ovo bilo
zapravo u skladu s našim opservacijama.
zapravo u skladu s našim opservacijama.
07:32
But I agree, it does feel
a little contrived.
a little contrived.
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Ali slažem se da zvuči malo neprirodno.
07:35
You see, it would take hundreds of comets
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Vidite, trebalo bi vam na stotine kometa
07:38
to reproduce what we're observing.
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da bi stvorile ono što smo gledali.
07:41
And these are only the comets
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A radilo bi se samo o kometama
07:42
that happen to pass
between us and the star.
between us and the star.
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koje slučajno prolaze između nas i zvezde.
07:45
And so in reality, we're talking
thousands to tens of thousands of comets.
thousands to tens of thousands of comets.
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Stoga smo u principu govorili
o na hiljadu do na desetine hljada kometa.
o na hiljadu do na desetine hljada kometa.
07:51
But of all the bad ideas we had,
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Ali od svih loših ideja koje smo imali,
07:55
this one was the best.
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ova je bila najbolja.
07:57
And so we went ahead
and published our findings.
and published our findings.
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Pa smo objavili naša otkrića.
08:00
Now, let me tell you, this was one
of the hardest papers I ever wrote.
of the hardest papers I ever wrote.
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Sad, dozvolite da vam kažem, da se radi
o najtežem radu koji sam ikad napisala.
o najtežem radu koji sam ikad napisala.
08:04
Scientists are meant to publish results,
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Naučnici bi trebalo
da objavljuju rezultate,
da objavljuju rezultate,
08:07
and this situation was far from that.
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a ova situacija je bila daleko od toga.
08:09
And so we decided
to give it a catchy title,
to give it a catchy title,
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Pa smo odlučili da ga naslovimo privlačno
08:13
and we called it: "Where's The Flux?"
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i naslovili smo ga: "Where's The Flux?"
08:15
I will let you work out the acronym.
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Prepustiću vam da shvatite akronim.
08:18
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:22
So this isn't the end of the story.
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No ovo nije kraj priče.
08:24
Around the same time
I was writing this paper,
I was writing this paper,
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Otprilike istovremeno
dok sam pisala ovaj rad,
dok sam pisala ovaj rad,
08:26
I met with a colleague
of mine, Jason Wright,
of mine, Jason Wright,
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srela sam se s kolegom Džejsonom Rajtom,
08:28
and he was also writing a paper
on Kepler data.
on Kepler data.
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i on je pisao rad o Keplerovim podacima.
08:31
And he was saying that with Kepler's
extreme precision,
extreme precision,
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Rekao je da bi Kepler
svojom izuzetnom preciznošću,
svojom izuzetnom preciznošću,
08:35
it could actually detect
alien megastructures around stars,
alien megastructures around stars,
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vremenom zapravo otkrio
vanzemaljske megastrukture blizu zvezda,
vanzemaljske megastrukture blizu zvezda,
08:40
but it didn't.
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ali to se nije desilo.
08:42
And then I showed him this weird data
that our citizen scientists had found,
that our citizen scientists had found,
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Ja sam mu onda pokazala ove čudne podatke
koje su naši građani naučnici otkrili,
koje su naši građani naučnici otkrili,
08:47
and he said to me,
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a on mi je rekao:
08:48
"Aw crap, Tabby.
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"Joj, dovraga, Tabi.
08:50
Now I have to rewrite my paper."
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Sad moram da preformulišem rad."
08:54
So yes, the natural
explanations were weak,
explanations were weak,
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Dakle, da,
prirodna objašnjenja su bila slaba
prirodna objašnjenja su bila slaba
08:58
and we were curious now.
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i sad smo bili znatiželjni.
09:00
So we had to find a way
to rule out aliens.
to rule out aliens.
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Pa smo morali da otkrijemo način
da isključimo vanzemaljce.
da isključimo vanzemaljce.
09:03
So together, we convinced
a colleague of ours
a colleague of ours
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Pa smo zajedno ubedili našeg kolegu
09:06
who works on SETI, the Search
for Extraterrestrial Intelligence,
for Extraterrestrial Intelligence,
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koji radi na SETI-ju,
Potrazi za vanzemaljskom inteligencijom,
Potrazi za vanzemaljskom inteligencijom,
09:09
that this would be
an extraordinary target to pursue.
an extraordinary target to pursue.
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da bi ovo bilo izvanredno pratiti.
09:14
We wrote a proposal to observe the star
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Poslali smo predlog da on posmatra zvezdu
09:16
with the world's largest radio telescope
at the Green Bank Observatory.
at the Green Bank Observatory.
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najvećim radio-teleskopom na svetu
na opservatoriji Grin Bank.
na opservatoriji Grin Bank.
09:21
A couple months later,
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Nekoliko meseci kasnije,
09:22
news of this proposal
got leaked to the press
got leaked to the press
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vesti o ponudi su procurele u štampi
09:27
and now there are thousands of articles,
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i imali smo na hiljade članaka,
09:31
over 10,000 articles, on this star alone.
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preko 10,000 članaka samo o ovoj zvezdi.
09:34
And if you search Google Images,
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A ako potražite slike na Guglu,
09:36
this is what you'll find.
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ovo ćete da pronađete.
09:39
Now, you may be wondering,
OK, Tabby, well,
OK, Tabby, well,
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Sad, verovatno se pitate,
u redu, Tabi, dobro
u redu, Tabi, dobro
09:42
how do aliens actually explain
this light curve?
this light curve?
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kako su vanzemaljci objašnjenje
za ovu svetlosnu krivu?
za ovu svetlosnu krivu?
09:46
OK, well, imagine a civilization
that's much more advanced than our own.
that's much more advanced than our own.
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U redu, zamislite civilizaciju
koja je daleko naprednija od naše.
koja je daleko naprednija od naše.
09:51
In this hypothetical circumstance,
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U ovim hipotetičkim okolnostima,
09:54
this civilization would have exhausted
the energy supply of their home planet,
the energy supply of their home planet,
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ova civilizacija je iscrpela
zalihe energije svoje majke planete,
zalihe energije svoje majke planete,
09:59
so where could they get more energy?
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pa odakle bi mogli da dobiju
dodatnu energiju?
dodatnu energiju?
10:01
Well, they have a host star
just like we have a sun,
just like we have a sun,
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Pa, imaju zvezdu domaćina,
baš kao što mi imamo sunce,
baš kao što mi imamo sunce,
10:05
and so if they were able
to capture more energy from this star,
to capture more energy from this star,
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pa ako su bili u stanju
da zarobe dodatnu energiju ove zvezde,
da zarobe dodatnu energiju ove zvezde,
10:09
then that would solve their energy needs.
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onda bi to rešilo
njihove energetske potrebe.
njihove energetske potrebe.
10:11
So they would go
and build huge structures.
and build huge structures.
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Pa bi sagradili ogromne strukture.
10:15
These giant megastructures,
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Ove džinovske megastrukture,
10:18
like ginormous solar panels,
are called Dyson spheres.
are called Dyson spheres.
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poput gigantskih solarnih panela,
koji se zovu sferama Dajson.
koji se zovu sferama Dajson.
10:22
This image above
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Ovaj prizor gore
10:23
are lots of artists' impressions
of Dyson spheres.
of Dyson spheres.
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je utisak koji mnogi umetnici
imaju o sferama Dajson.
imaju o sferama Dajson.
10:26
It's really hard to provide perspective
on the vastness of these things,
on the vastness of these things,
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Zaista je teško pružiti perspektivu
o ogromnosti ovih stvari,
o ogromnosti ovih stvari,
10:32
but you can think of it this way.
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no možete ovako da razmišljate o tome.
10:33
The Earth-Moon distance
is a quarter of a million miles.
is a quarter of a million miles.
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Razdaljina između Zemlje i Meseca
iznosi 402 000 km.
iznosi 402 000 km.
10:38
The simplest element
on one of these structures
on one of these structures
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Najprostiji element
na jednoj od tih struktura
na jednoj od tih struktura
10:41
is 100 times that size.
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je 100 puta veći od toga.
10:45
They're enormous.
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Ogromne su.
10:48
And now imagine one of these structures
in motion around a star.
in motion around a star.
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A sad zamislite jednu od tih struktura
kako se kreće oko zvezde.
kako se kreće oko zvezde.
10:52
You can see how it would produce
anomalies in the data
anomalies in the data
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Jasno vam je kako bi to uzrokovalo
anomalije u podacima,
anomalije u podacima,
10:55
such as uneven, unnatural looking dips.
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poput nejednakih, neprirodnih padova.
10:58
But it remains that even
alien megastructures
alien megastructures
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Ali stoji da čak
ni vanzemaljske megastrukture
ni vanzemaljske megastrukture
11:02
cannot defy the laws of physics.
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ne mogu da prkose zakonima fizike.
11:05
You see, anything that uses
a lot of energy
a lot of energy
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Vidite, sve što koristi mnogo energije
11:09
is going to produce heat,
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će da proizvodi toplotu,
11:12
and we don't observe this.
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a to ne posmatramo.
11:14
But it could be something as simple
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Ali možda se radi o nečem prostom
11:16
as they're just reradiating it away
in another direction,
in another direction,
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poput njenog preusmeravanja
u drugom pravcu,
u drugom pravcu,
11:20
just not at Earth.
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samo ne u Zemlju.
11:23
Another idea that's one
of my personal favorites
of my personal favorites
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Druga ideja, koja mi je omiljena,
11:26
is that we had just witnessed
an interplanetary space battle
an interplanetary space battle
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je da smo upravo posvedočili
međuplanetarnoj svemirskoj bici
međuplanetarnoj svemirskoj bici
11:30
and the catastrophic
destruction of a planet.
destruction of a planet.
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i katastrofalnom uništenju planete.
11:34
Now, I admit that this
would produce a lot of dust
would produce a lot of dust
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Sad, priznajem da bi ovo proizvelo
mnogo prašine
mnogo prašine
11:37
that we don't observe.
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koju nismo primetili.
11:39
But if we're already invoking aliens
in this explanation,
in this explanation,
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Ali kad već u svom objašnjenju
prizivamo vanzemaljce,
prizivamo vanzemaljce,
11:44
then who is to say they didn't
efficiently clean up all this mess
efficiently clean up all this mess
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onda ko kaže da nisu efikasno
počistili sav taj nered
počistili sav taj nered
11:47
for recycling purposes?
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u reciklažne svrhe?
11:49
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
11:50
You can see how this quickly
captures your imagination.
captures your imagination.
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Vidite koliko brzo vam ovo
zaokuplja maštu.
zaokuplja maštu.
11:55
Well, there you have it.
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Pa, to je to.
11:57
We're in a situation that could unfold
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U situaciji smo koja može da ispadne
12:00
to be a natural phenomenon
we don't understand
we don't understand
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prirodni fenomen koji ne razumemo
12:03
or an alien technology
we don't understand.
we don't understand.
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ili vanzemaljska tehnologija
koju ne razumemo.
koju ne razumemo.
12:07
Personally, as a scientist,
my money is on the natural explanation.
my money is on the natural explanation.
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Lično, kao naučnica,
kladila bih se na prirodno objašnjenje.
kladila bih se na prirodno objašnjenje.
12:14
But don't get me wrong, I do think
it would be awesome to find aliens.
it would be awesome to find aliens.
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Ali, da se razumemo, bilo bi sjajno
kad bismo otkrili vanzemaljce.
kad bismo otkrili vanzemaljce.
12:18
Either way, there is something new
and really interesting to discover.
and really interesting to discover.
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Kako god, ima da otkrijemo
nešto novo i zanimljivo.
nešto novo i zanimljivo.
12:24
So what happens next?
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Pa, šta će sada da se desi?
12:25
We need to continue to observe this star
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Moramo da nastavimo
s posmatranjem ove zvezde
s posmatranjem ove zvezde
12:28
to learn more about what's happening.
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kako bismo saznali šta se dešava.
12:31
But professional astronomers, like me,
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Ali profesionalni astronomi, poput mene,
12:33
we have limited resources
for this kind of thing,
for this kind of thing,
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imaju ograničene resurse za ovakve stvari,
12:36
and Kepler is on to a different mission.
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a Kepler je na potpuno drugoj misiji.
12:39
And I'm happy to say that once again,
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I srećna sam što mogu da kažem da su opet
12:43
citizen scientists have come in
and saved the day.
and saved the day.
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građani naučnici uleteli i spasili dan.
12:47
You see, this time,
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Vidite, ovog puta
12:50
amateur astronomers
with their backyard telescopes
with their backyard telescopes
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su astronomi amateri
sa teleskopima u dvorištima,
sa teleskopima u dvorištima,
12:54
stepped up immediately
and started observing this star nightly
and started observing this star nightly
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prišli istog trena
i počeli da posmatraju tu zvezdu po noći,
i počeli da posmatraju tu zvezdu po noći,
12:58
at their own facilities,
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u sopstvenim domovima
12:59
and I am so excited to see what they find.
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i ja sam uzbuđena njihovim otkrićima.
13:03
What's amazing to me is that this star
would have never been found by computers
would have never been found by computers
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Meni je fascinantno to da ovu zvezdu
kompjuteri nikad ne bi otkrili
kompjuteri nikad ne bi otkrili
13:07
because we just weren't looking
for something like this.
for something like this.
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jer prosto nismo tragali
za nečim poput nje.
za nečim poput nje.
13:11
And what's more exciting
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A još je uzbudljivije
13:15
is that there's more data to come.
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da dodatni podaci tek stižu.
13:18
There are new missions that are coming up
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Počinju nove misije
13:20
that are observing millions more stars
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koje će da posmatraju još milione zvezda
13:23
all over the sky.
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širom neba.
13:26
And just think: What will it mean
when we find another star like this?
when we find another star like this?
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I samo pomislite: šta će da znači
kad otkrijemo još jednu ovakvu zvezdu?
kad otkrijemo još jednu ovakvu zvezdu?
13:32
And what will it mean
if we don't find another star like this?
if we don't find another star like this?
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A šta će da znači,
ako ne otkrijemo još jednu ovakvu zvezdu?
ako ne otkrijemo još jednu ovakvu zvezdu?
13:37
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
13:38
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tabetha Boyajian - AstronomerTabetha Boyajian is best known for her research on KIC 8462852, a puzzling celestial body that has inspired otherwise sober scientists to brainstorm outlandish hypotheses.
Why you should listen
Planet hunter Tabetha Boyajian studies KIC 8462852 (dubbed "Tabby's star" after her team's research): a star exhibiting bizarre (and thus far unique) variations in brightness. These fluctuations have led scientists to postulate causes ranging from comet dust (Boyajian's most likely scenario) to alien megastructures. The latest studies of Tabby's star have proved even more baffling: KIC 8462852 has been gradually dimming over the last century, a strikingly short period of time on an astronomical scale.
Boyajian currently serves as a postdoc with the Yale Exoplanet group, whose research is assisted by the Planet Hunters -- a citizen science group that combs data from the NASA Kepler Space Mission for evidence of exoplanets and other unusual interstellar activity.
More profile about the speakerBoyajian currently serves as a postdoc with the Yale Exoplanet group, whose research is assisted by the Planet Hunters -- a citizen science group that combs data from the NASA Kepler Space Mission for evidence of exoplanets and other unusual interstellar activity.
Tabetha Boyajian | Speaker | TED.com