TEDGlobal 2005
Jimmy Wales: The birth of Wikipedia
Jimmy Wales: Vikipedi'nin doğuşu üzerine
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Jimmy Wales, ayaktakımı bir gönüllü grubunu nasıl bir araya getirdigini, onlara beraber calismalari icin gereken araclari nasil sagladigini ve bu sayede kendi kendini örgütleyen, düzelten ve kendini sürekli yenileyen online ansiklopedi Vikipedi'yi nasıl kurduğunu anlatiyor.
Jimmy Wales - Founder of Wikipedia
With a vision for a free online encyclopedia, Wales assembled legions of volunteer contributors, gave them tools for collaborating, and created the self-organizing, self-correcting, ever-expanding, multilingual encyclopedia of the future. Full bio
With a vision for a free online encyclopedia, Wales assembled legions of volunteer contributors, gave them tools for collaborating, and created the self-organizing, self-correcting, ever-expanding, multilingual encyclopedia of the future. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:25
In 1962, Charles Van Doren, who was later a senior editor of Britannica,
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1962 yılında, daha sonra Britannica'nin kidemli yayincisi olacak olan Charles Van Doren,
00:29
said the ideal encyclopedia should be radical -- it should stop being safe.
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ideal bir ansiklopedinin güvenilir olmaktan vazgecip radikal olmasi gerektiğini söylemişti.
00:33
But if you know anything about the history of Britannica since 1962,
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Ancak, 1962'den bu yana Britannica'nin geçmişine bakacak olursaniz,
00:36
it was anything but radical:
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hiç de radikal olmadığını,
00:38
still a very completely safe, stodgy type of encyclopedia.
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ve hala tamamen güvenli ve monoton tipte bir ansiklopedi olduğunu goreceksinizdir.
00:43
Wikipedia, on the other hand, begins with a very radical idea,
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Bunun tam aksine, Vikipedi son derece radikal bir fikirle başlar,
00:48
and that's for all of us to imagine a world
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ve bu fikir, dünyadaki her insanın
00:50
in which every single person on the planet
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insanlığın tüm bilgilerine serbest olarak erişebileceği
00:52
is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge.
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bir dünyanın hayali üzerine kuruludur.
00:55
And that's what we're doing. So Wikipedia --
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Ve bizim yaptığımız şey de bu. Vikipedi--
00:58
you just saw the little demonstration of it --
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az once kisa bir tanitimini gordugunuz, bu ansiklopedi--
01:00
it's a freely licensed encyclopedia. It's written by thousands of volunteers
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serbest lisanslı bir ansiklopedidir.Tüm dünyada, binlerce gönüllü tarafından
01:04
all over the world in many, many languages.
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bir cok dilde yazılmaktadır.
01:06
It's written using Wiki software --
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Vikipedi, Viki yazılım programi kullanarak yazılmıştır -
01:08
which is the type of software he just demonstrated
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bu yazılım da az önce gördüğünüz tipte bir yazılımdır -
01:11
-- so anyone can quickly edit and save,
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herkesin hızlı bir şekilde bilgiyi düzeltmesini ve kaydetmesini saglar
01:13
and it goes live on the Internet immediately.
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ve bunlar anında internette yayınlanır.
01:16
And everything about Wikipedia is managed by virtually an all-volunteer staff.
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Ve Vikipedi ile ilgili herşey sanal olarak, tamamen gönüllülerden oluşan bir kadro tarafından yönetilir.
01:21
So when Yochai is talking about new methods of organization,
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Dolayisiyla, aslinda Yochai yeni organizasyon yöntemlerinden bahsederken,
01:25
he's exactly describing Wikipedia. And what I'm going to do today
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tam olarak Vikipedi'yi tanımlıyordu. Ve bugün yapacağım şey,
01:29
is tell you a little bit more about how it really works on the inside.
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size, bu ansiklopedinin içeriden nasıl çalıştığı hakkında biraz daha bilgi vermek.
01:33
So Wikipedia's owned by the Wikimedia Foundation, which I founded,
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Vikipedi, benim kurduğum kar amaçsız kuruluş olan Wikimedia Vakfı'na aittir.
01:38
a nonprofit organization. And our goal, the core aim of the Wikimedia Foundation,
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Ve bizim hedefimiz, Wikimedia Vakfı olarak,
01:43
is to get a free encyclopedia to every single person on the planet.
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dünyadaki herkese ücretsiz bir ansiklopedi sağlamaktir.
01:46
And so if you think about what that means,
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Ve bunun ne anlama geldiğini düşünecek olursaniz,
01:48
it means a lot more than just building a cool website.
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bu, sadece harika bir web sitesi kurmaktan ote birsey ifade ediyor.
01:51
We're really interested in all the issues of the digital divide, poverty worldwide,
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Biz, dijital bölünme ve dunyadaki yoksullukla ilgili butun konularla ilgileniyoruz,
01:55
empowering people everywhere to have the information that they need
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insanlari guclendirerek, onlara iyi kararlar verebilmeleri icin ihtiyaç duydukları bilgileri
01:59
to make good decisions.
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her yerde saglamak istiyoruz.
02:00
And so we're going to have to do a lot of work that goes beyond just the Internet.
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Bu yüzden, internetten öteye giden bir cok şeyi yapmamız gerekiyor.
02:04
And so that's a big part of why we've chosen the free licensing model,
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Ve bu serbest lisans modelini kullanmamızın onemli sebeplerinden birisi,
02:08
because that empowers local entrepreneurs --
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çünkü, böylelikle yerel girişimciler güç kazanabiliyor -
02:10
or anyone who wants to, can take our content
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ya da isteyen her kişi, içeriğimizi alıyor ve
02:12
and do anything they like with it -- you can copy it, redistribute it
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istediği herşeyi yapabiliyor - bu içerikleri kopyalayabilirsiniz ve yeniden dağıtabilirsiniz,
02:16
and you can do it commercially or non-commercially.
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ve bunu ticari veya ticari olmayan şekillerde yapabilirsiniz.
02:18
So there's a lot of opportunities that are going to arise around Wikipedia
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Bu da, Vikipedi sayesinde, tüm dünyada ortaya cikacak
02:22
all over the world.
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bir çok fırsat anlamına geliyor.
02:24
We're funded by donations from the public,
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Kamu tarafından yapılan bağışlarla finanse ediliyoruz,
02:26
and one of the more interesting things about that
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ve bununla ilgili ilginç şeylerden birisi de
02:29
is how little money it actually takes to run Wikipedia.
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Vikipedia'yı yürütmenin aslında çok az para gerektiriyor olmasi.
02:32
So Yochai showed you the graph of what the cost of a printing press was.
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Yochai size bir matbaanın maliyetine ilişkin grafiği gösterdi.
02:37
And I'm going to tell you what the cost of Wikipedia is,
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Size Vikipedi'nın maliyetini söyleyeceğim,
02:41
but first I'll show you how big it is.
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fakat bundan önce size Vikipedi'nın ne kadar büyük olduğunu göstermek istiyorum.
02:43
So we've got over 600,000 articles in English.
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Sitede 600,000'den fazla İngilizce madde bulunuyor.
02:47
We've got two million total articles across many, many different languages.
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Cok sayıda dilde toplamda iki milyon madde bulunuyor.
02:51
The biggest languages are German, Japanese, French --
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Sitedeki en büyük diller Almanca, Japonca ve Fransızca.
02:54
all the Western European languages are quite big.
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Tüm Batı Avrupa dilleri oldukça büyük.
02:58
But only around one-third of all of our traffic to our web
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Fakat, sitemizdeki trafiğin yalnızca üçte biri
03:01
clusters to the English Wikipedia,
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İngilizce Vikipedi'de toplanıyor,
03:03
which is surprising to a lot of people.
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ve bu da bir cok kişi icin oldukça şaşırtıcı bir veri.
03:05
A lot of people think in a very English-centric way on the Internet,
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Çoğu insan internette son derece İngilizce merkezli dusunuyor,
03:09
but for us, we're truly global. We're in many, many languages.
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fakat biz tam anlamıyla evrenseliz. Çok sayıda dilde yayın yapıyoruz.
03:13
How popular we've gotten to be -- we're a top 50 website
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Ne kadar popüler olduğumuza gelince, ilk 50 web sitesi arasında yer alıyoruz
03:16
and we're more popular than the New York Times.
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ve New York Times'dan daha popüleriz.
03:18
So this is where we get to Yochai's discussion.
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Bu noktada, gelin Yochai'nin gösterdiği grafiğe bakalim.
03:23
This shows the growth of Wikipedia -- we're the blue line there --
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Burada Vikipedi'nin büyümesi görülüyor - biz oradaki mavi çizgiyiz -
03:26
and then this is the New York Times over there.
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ve şuradaki de New York Times.
03:29
And what's interesting about this is the New York Times website is a huge,
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Ve ilginç olan şey şu ki; New York Times web sitesi,
03:32
enormous corporate operation with -- I have no idea how many hundreds of employees.
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geniş ve devasa bir kurumsal çalışmanın ürünü - Ve tam olarak bilmiyorum ama, sanırım yüzlerce çalışani var.
03:36
We have exactly one employee,
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Bizim ise tam anlamıyla bir çalışanımız var,
03:39
and that employee is our lead software developer.
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ve bu kişi bizim baş yazılım geliştiricimiz.
03:42
And he's only been our employee since January 2005,
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Ve sadece Ocak 2005'ten beri bizimle çalışıyor,
03:45
all the other growth before that.
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ve diğer tüm gelişmeler ondan önce gerçekleşti.
03:47
So the servers are managed by a rag-tag band of volunteers;
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Yani, sunucular bir ayak takımı gönüllü grubu tarafından yönetiliyor,
03:50
all the editing is done by volunteers.
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ve tüm derleme işleri gönüller tarafından gerçekleştiriliyor.
03:52
And the way that we're organized
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Ve bizim bu organizasyon şeklimiz,
03:54
is not like any traditional organization you can imagine.
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kafanızda bulunan hiçbir geleneksel organizasyonla örtüşmüyor.
03:57
People are always asking, "Well, who's in charge of this?"
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İnsanlar sürekli şunu soruyor; "Peki, bu işin başında kim var?"
03:59
or "Who does that?" And the answer is: anybody who wants to pitch in.
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ya da "Bunu kim yapıyor?" Ve cevap şu: destek veren herkes.
04:04
It's a very unusual and chaotic thing.
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Bu, oldukça sıradışı ve kaotik bir şey.
04:07
We've got over 90 servers now in three locations.
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Şu anda üç noktada 90'dan fazla sunucumuz bulunuyor.
04:10
These are managed by volunteer system administrators who are online.
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Bunlar, internet üzerindeki gönüllü sistem yöneticileri tarafından yönetiliyor.
04:14
I can go online any time of the day or night
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Hatta oldugum her an, gece veya gunduz,
04:17
and see eight to 10 people waiting for me
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sekiz ile on arasi kisinin beni bekledigini goruyorum
04:21
to ask a question or something, anything about the servers.
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soru sormak veya baska birsey icin, sunucular hakkinda herhangi bir konuda.
04:25
You could never afford to do this in a company.
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Bunu, bir sirkette asla yapamazsiniz.
04:27
You could never afford to have a standby crew of people
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Sizi her an, hazirolda bekleyen bir ekip kurmaya mali gucunuz yetmez
04:31
24 hours a day and do what we're doing at Wikipedia.
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gunun 24 saati boyunca ve bizim Vikipedi'de yaptigimizi yapan bir ekip.
04:35
So we're doing around 1.4 billion page views monthly,
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Biz ayda yaklasik 1,4 milyar sayfayi elden geciriyoruz,
04:38
so it's really gotten to be a huge thing.
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dolayisiyla, bu gercekten buyuk bir is.
04:41
And everything is managed by the volunteers.
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Ve hersey gonulluler tarafindan yapiliyor.
04:43
And the total monthly cost for our bandwidth is about 5,000 dollars.
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Ve aylik sebeke masrafimiz yaklasik 5,000 dolar.
04:48
And that's essentially our main cost.
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Ve bu bizim aslinda ana masrafimiz.
04:50
We could actually do without the employee. We actually --
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Aslinda calisanimiz olmadan da idare edebiliriz. Biz aslinda--
04:53
we hired Brian because he was working part-time for two years
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biz Brian'i aldik, cunku o iki yildir, yari zamanli calismak yerine
04:56
and full-time at Wikipedia,
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Vikipedi'da tam zamanli calisiyordu.
04:58
so we actually hired him so he could get a life and go to the movies sometimes.
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dolayisiyla biz onu ise aldik bu sayede onun is disinda da bir hayati olsun, arada sinemaya falan gidebilsin diye.
05:03
So the big question when you've got this really chaotic organization is,
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Bu durumda, boyle kaotik bir organizasyonunuz oldugunda, en buyuk soru su:
05:06
why isn't it all rubbish? Why is the website as good as it is?
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nasil oluyor da ortaya sacma sapan bir sey yerine boyle iyi bir web sitesi cikabiliyor?
05:10
First of all, how good is it? Well, it's pretty good. It isn't perfect,
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Oncelikle, bu ne kadar iyi? Hakkini vermek gerekirse, oldukca iyi. Mukemmel degil,
05:13
but it's much, much better than you would expect,
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ama bekleyebileceginizden cok cok daha iyi,
05:16
given our completely chaotic model.
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ozellikle tamamen kaotik modelimizi goz onune alacak olursaniz.
05:18
So when you saw him make a ridiculous edit to the page about me,
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Soz gelisi, onun benim sayfama sacma sapan bir sey ekledigini gordugunuzde,
05:21
you think, oh, this is obviously just going to degenerate into rubbish.
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diyorsunuz ki, tamam bu kesin cope gidecek.
05:25
But when we've seen quality tests -- and there haven't been enough of these yet
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Fakat kalite testlerini gordugunuzde--ki bunlardan hala yeterince yok
05:29
and I'm really encouraging people to do more,
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ve ben herkesi daha fazla kalite testi olusturmaya tesvik ediyorum,
05:31
comparing Wikipedia to traditional things -- we win hands down.
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Vikipedi'yi geleneksel kaynaklarla karsilastirdiginizda-- biz kazaniyoruz.
05:35
So a German magazine compared German Wikipedia,
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Alman bir magazin, Alman Vikipedisini
05:38
which is really much, much smaller than English,
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ki bu Ingilizcesinden cok cok daha kucuk,
05:41
to Microsoft Encarta and to Brockhaus Multimedia,
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Microsoft Encarta ve Brockhaus Multimedia ile karsilastirdi,
05:45
and we won across the board.
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ve biz genis kapsamimizla kazandik.
05:47
They hired experts to come and look at articles and compare the quality,
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Maddelere bakip kaliteyi kontrol etmeleri icin uzman kisiler gorevlendirildi,
05:50
and we were very pleased with that result.
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ve sonuc bizi cok memnun etti.
05:53
So a lot of people have heard about the Wikipedia Bush-Kerry controversy.
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Bir suru insan Vikipedi Bush-Kerry tartismasindan haberdar oldu.
05:57
The media has covered this somewhat extensively.
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Bu tartisma-- ki medya bunu capli bir sekilde ele aldi,
06:01
It started out with an article in Red Herring.
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Red Herring'deki bir makale uzerine basladi.
06:04
The reporters called me up and they -- I mean, I have to say
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Haberciler beni aradilar ve-- sunu soylemeliyim ki
06:07
they spelled my name right, but they really wanted to say,
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adimi dogru soylediler, ama asil soylemek istedikleri,
06:12
the Bush-Kerry election is so contentious,
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Bush-Kery secimleri cok tartismali,
06:14
it's tearing apart the Wikipedia community. And so they quote me as saying,
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Vikipedia camiasini boluyor. Ve benim soyle dedigimi yazdilar,
06:18
"They're the most contentious in the history of Wikipedia."
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"Onlar Vikipedi'nin tarihindeki en tartismali makaleler."
06:21
What I actually said is, they're not contentious at all.
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Asil soyledigim ise, onlar tartismali falan degil.
06:23
So it's a slight misquote. (Laughter) The articles were edited quite heavily.
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Dolayisila, bu biraz yanlis bir alinti. Sozkonusu makaleler ciddi bir sekilde kontorolden gectiler.
06:29
And it is true that we did have to lock the articles on a couple of occasions.
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Ve su da dogru ki, bu makaleleri bir kac kez kaldirmak zorunda kaldik.
06:32
Time magazine recently reported that
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Time dergisi gecenlerde soyle diyordu
06:35
"Extreme action sometimes has to be taken,
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"Bazi durumlarda asiriya kacan onlemler almak gerekiyor
06:38
and Wales locked the entries on Kerry and Bush for most of 2004."
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ve Wales, Kery ve Bush maddelerine neredeyse 2004 boyunca giris vermedi."
06:43
This came after I told the reporter that we had to lock it for --
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Bu yorum, benim haberi yapan kisiye,
06:47
occasionally a little bit here and there.
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arada sirada bazi maddelere girisi engelledigimizi soylemem uzerine yapildi.
06:49
So the truth in general is that the kinds of controversies
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Yani genel olarak baktiginizda gercek su ki, bahsi gecen
06:52
that you would probably think we have within the Wikipedia community
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Vikipedi camiaasi icinde oldugu dusunulen tartismalar
06:56
are not really controversies at all.
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aslinda tartisma konusu bile degiller.
06:58
Articles on controversial topics are edited a lot,
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Tartismali konular uzerine yazilan maddeler cok degisime ugruyor,
07:01
but they don't cause much controversy within the community.
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ama Vikipedi camiasi icerisinde tartismaya pek yol acmiyorlar.
07:04
And the reason for this is that most people understand the need for neutrality.
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Bunun sebebi de su ki, bir cok insan tarafsizliktan yana.
07:11
The real struggle is not between the right and the left --
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Asil kavga, sag ile sol arasinda degil--
07:15
that's where most people assume --
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bir cok insan oyle oldugunu saniyor--
07:17
but it's between the party of the thoughtful and the party of the jerks.
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asil kava, dusunceliler ile haylazlar arasinda.
07:20
And no side of the political spectrum has a monopoly on either of those qualities.
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Ve siyasi spektrumun hic bir ucu bu niteliklerden birisine sahip degil.
07:24
The actual truth about the specific Bush-Kerry incident
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Bush-Kery olayina dair asil gercek su ki
07:28
is that the Bush-Kerry articles
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Bush-Kerry maddeleri
07:30
were locked less than one percent of the time in 2004,
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2004'de yuzde birden daha az bir zaman boyunca kaldirildilar,
07:33
and it wasn't because they were contentious;
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ve bu onlarin tartismali niteliginden dolayi olmadi;
07:35
it was just because there was routine vandalism --
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bu, sadece siradan bir vandalizmin sonucuydu--
07:38
which happens sometimes even on stage, people --
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ki bu arada oluyor, insanlar--
07:42
sometimes even reporters have reported to me that they vandalize Wikipedia
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hatta bazen haberciler bile bana Vikipedi'ye bile bile zarar verdiklerini soyluyorlar
07:45
and were amazed that it was fixed so quickly.
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ve yaptiklari zararin ne kadar cabuk onarlidigina sasirdiklarini.
07:48
And I said -- you know, I always say, please don't do that; that's not a good thing.
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Ve ben dedim ki, tahmin edebileceginiz uzere, her zaman diyorum ki, luffen bunu yapmayin, bu iyi bir sey degil.
07:52
So how do we do this?
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Peki bunu nasil basariyoruz?
07:54
How do we manage the quality control?
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Kaliteyi nasil kontrol ediyoruz?
07:56
How does it work?
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Bu nasil-- nasil isliyor?
07:59
So there's a few elements,
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Bir kac oge sozkonusu,
08:02
mostly social policies and some elements of the software.
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genelde sosyal politikalar ve yazilimin bazi oglerine iliskin.
08:05
So the biggest and the most important thing is our neutral point-of-view policy.
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En buyuk ve en onemli sey, tarafsiz bakis acisi siyasetimiz.
08:09
This is something that I set down from the very beginning,
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Bu benim, en basindan beri uzerinde durdugum bir konu,
08:12
as a core principle of the community that's completely not debatable.
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tartismaya acik olmayan ana prensibimiz bu.
08:16
It's a social concept of cooperation,
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Bu sosyal bir dayanisma kavrami,
08:19
so we don't talk a lot about truth and objectivity.
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dolayisiyla dogruluk ve trafsizlik hakkinda cok konusmuyoruz.
08:23
The reason for this is if we say we're only going to write the "truth" about some topic,
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Bunun sebebi de su: eger bazi konular hakkinda sadece dogru olani yazacagiz dersek,
08:27
that doesn't do us a damn bit of good of figuring out what to write,
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bu bize ne yazacagimiz konusunda hic bir yol gostermez,
08:30
because I don't agree with you about what's the truth.
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cunku, ben sizin dogru gordugunuz bir seye katilmayabilirim.
08:32
But we have this jargon term of neutrality,
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Ama tabi tarafsizlik terimi bir jargon haline gelmis,
08:35
which has its own long history within the community,
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kurumumuzda uzun gecmisi olan bir terim,
08:37
which basically says, any time there's a controversial issue,
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ve kisacasi anlami su, tartismali bir sey soz konusu oldugunda,
08:41
Wikipedia itself should not take a stand on the issue.
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Vikipedi herhangi bir sekilde taraf olmamalidir.
08:44
We should merely report on what reputable parties have said about it.
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Biz sadece bu konuda sozu gecer taraflarin goruslerini yayinliyoruz.
08:47
So this neutrality policy is really important for us,
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Yani, tarafsizlik prensibi bizim icin gercekten cok onemli.
08:50
because it empowers a community that is very diverse
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cunku bu, bizim cesitlillige acik bir camia olmamizi sagliyor
08:54
to come together and actually get some work done.
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bir araya gelip, isimizi yapip bitirmemizi sagliyor.
08:56
So we have very diverse contributors in terms of political, religious,
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Dolayisiyla, bize cok cesitli katkilar oluyor, siyasi, dini
08:59
cultural backgrounds.
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ve kulturel cesitlilik baglaminda.
09:01
By having this firm neutrality policy,
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Bahsettigim tarafsizlik prensibi sayesinde,
09:03
which is non-negotiable from the beginning,
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ki, bu bizim icin basindan beri olmazsa olmaz bir prensip,
09:05
we ensure that people can work together
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insanlarin bir arada calisabilmelerini sagliyoruz
09:07
and that the entries don't become simply a war
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ve ansiklopedi girislerinin savas alanina donusmesine engel oluyoruz
09:09
back and forth between the left and the right.
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sag-sol arasinda suren bir savasa.
09:12
If you engage in that type of behavior,
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Eger boyle bir tutumunuz varsa,
09:14
you'll be asked to leave the community.
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gruptan cikmanizi istiyoruz.
09:17
So real-time peer review.
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Yani, aninda hakemli bir denetim soz konusu.
09:19
Every single change on the site goes to the recent changes page.
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Yaptiginiz her degisiklik, son yapilan degisiklikler sayfasina gidiyor.
09:22
So as soon as he made his change, it went to the recent changes page.
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Yani degisiklik yapilir yapilmaz, son degisiklikler arasinda yer aliyor.
09:25
That recent changes page was also fed into IRC channel,
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Bu son degisiklikler sayfasi IRC kanaliyla baglantili,
09:29
which is an Internet chat channel
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ki bu bir internet sohbet kanali
09:31
that people are monitoring with various software tools.
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insanlarin cesitli yazilim enstrumanlari ile kontrol ettigi.
09:35
And people can get RSS feeds --
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Ve insanlar RSS ile ilgili seyleri gorebiliyor--
09:37
they can get e-mail notifications of changes.
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degisikliklerden e-posta yolu ile haberdar oluyorlar.
09:40
And then users can set up their own personal watch list.
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Sonra, kullanicilar kendi bireysel izleme listelerini olusturabilirler.
09:42
So my page is on quite a few volunteers' watch lists,
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Benim sayfam ornegin, bir kac gonullunun izleme listesinde,
09:45
because it is sometimes vandalized.
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cunku bazen kotuye kullanilabiliyor.
09:49
And therefore, what happens is someone will notice the change very quickly,
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Bu durumda, herhangi bir degisiklik yapildigina hemen birisine haber gidiyor,
09:53
and then they'll just simply revert the change.
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ve o da hemen engel olabiliyor.
09:57
There's a new pages feed, for example,
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Yeni sayfalari gorebilme imkaniniz var, mesela,
09:59
so you can go to a certain page of Wikipedia
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Vikipedi'nin belirli bir sayfasina gittiginizde
10:01
and see every new page as it's created.
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yeni olusturulan her sayfayi gorebilirsiniz.
10:03
This is really important, because a lot of new pages that get created
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Bu gercekten onemli, cunku olusturulan bir cok yeni sayfanin
10:05
are just garbage that have to be deleted, you know, ASDFASDF.
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silinmesi gerekebiliyor, ornegin ASDFASDF gibi sayfalarin.
10:08
But also that's some of the most interesting and fun things at Wikipedia,
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Bu, ayni zamanda Vikipedi'ye iliskin en ilginc ve eglenceli seylerden birisi,
10:11
some of the new articles.
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bazi yeni makaleler.
10:13
People will start an article on some interesting topic,
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Insanlar ilginc bir konuda yeni bir makaleye basliyorlar,
10:15
other people will find that intriguing
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baskalari bunu yetersiz bulunca
10:17
and jump in and help and make it much better.
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daha iyi bir hale getirmek icin atiliyorlar.
10:19
So we do have edits by anonymous users,
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Dolayisiyla derlemeleri anonim kullanicilar yapiyor,
10:21
which is one of the most controversial and intriguing things about Wikipedia.
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ki, bu Vikipedi'ye iliskin en tartismali konulardan birisi.
10:25
So Chris was able to do his change -- he didn't have to log in or anything;
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Mesela Chris istedigi degisikligi yapabildi, sisteme giris yapmasi falan gerekmedi,
10:29
he just went on the website and made a change.
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sadece web sitesine gitti ve degisiklikleri yapti.
10:32
But it turns out that only about 18 percent of all the edits to the website
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Ama sonuc olarak, gordugumuz su ki, sadece yapilan degisikliklerin yuzde 18'i
10:35
are done by anonymous users.
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anonim kullanicilar tarafindan yapiliyor.
10:37
And that's a really important thing to understand,
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Ve bu gercekten anlamamiz gereken bir konu,
10:39
is that the vast majority of the edits that go on on the website
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web sitesinde yapilan degisikliklerin buyuk cogunlugu
10:42
are from a very close-knit community of maybe 600 to 1,000 people
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bizimle yakindan baglantili yaklasik 600 veya 1000 kisi tarafindan yapiliyor,
10:46
who are in constant communication.
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onlar bizimle surekli bir iletisim halindeler.
10:48
And we have over 40 IRC channels, 40 mailing lists.
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Bizim 40'dan fazla IRC kanalimiz ve 40 e-posta listemiz var.
10:50
All these people know each other. They communicate; we have offline meetings.
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Tum bu insanlar birbirlerini taniyorlar. Birbirleriyle iletisime giriyorlar, hat disi toplantilarimiz oluyor.
10:54
These are the people who are doing the bulk of the site,
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Bu insanlar, sitenin buyuk kismini olusturanlar,
10:56
and they are, in a sense, semi-professionals at what they're doing,
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ve onlar, bir bakima, yaptiklari iste yari profesyoneller,
11:01
that the standards we set for ourselves are equal to or higher than
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bizim kendimiz icin olusturdugumuz standardlar, profosyonel seviyedeki kalite standarlarina
11:05
professional standards of quality.
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esit ve hatta onlardan daha yuksek.
11:07
We don't always meet those standards,
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Her zaman bu standartlarda is cikartamiyoruz tabi,
11:09
but that's what we're striving for.
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ama hedefimiz bu standartlara ulasmak.
11:11
And so that tight community is who really cares for the site,
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Yani, o kucuk insan toplulugu, yani siteye gercekten emegi gecenler,
11:14
and these are some of the smartest people I've ever met.
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su ana kadar karsilastigim en zeki insanlardan bazilari.
11:16
Of course, it's my job to say that, but it's actually true.
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Tabii ki bunu soylemek benim isim, ama durum gercekten de boyle.
11:18
The type of people who were drawn to writing an encyclopedia for fun
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Eglenmek icin ansiklopedi yazmayi secmis bir insan tipi
11:22
tend to be pretty smart people. (Laughter)
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genelde oldukca zeki insanlardan olusuyor.
11:25
The tools and the software: there's lots of tools that allow us --
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Araclar ve yazilim programlari: o kadar cok arac var ki--
11:27
allow us, meaning the community -- to self-monitor and to monitor all the work.
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bizim, yani tum grubun, kendi kendini kontrol etmesini ve yapilan butun isi kontrol etmeyi saglayan.
11:31
This is an example of a page history on "flat earth,"
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Bu, dunya yuzeyinin tarihini anlatan bir sayfa ornegi,
11:33
and you can see some changes that were made.
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ve goruyorsunuz ki bazi degisiklikler yapilmis.
11:36
What's nice about this page is you can immediately take a look at this
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Bu sayfaya dair guzel olan su ki, ona hemen bakip
11:39
and see, oh OK, I understand now.
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a tamam, simdi anliyorum diyorsunuz.
11:41
When somebody goes and looks at -- they see that someone,
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Herhangi birisi gidip baktigina goruyor ki, baska birisi,
11:44
an anonymous IP number, made an edit to my page --
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anonim bir IP numarasiyla, benim sayfamda degisiklik yapmis--
11:46
that sounds suspicious -- who is this person? Somebody looks at it --
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bu biraz kuskulu gorunuyor-- kim yapti acaba? Baktiginizda,
11:49
they can immediately see highlighted in red all of the changes that took place,
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yapilan butun degisikliklerin kirmizi renkle belirtildigini goruyorsunuz,
11:53
to see, OK, well, these words have changed, things like this.
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tamam diyorsunuz, bu kelimeler degistirilimis, bu ve bunun gibi seyler.
11:57
So that's one tool that we can use to very quickly monitor the history of a page.
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Iste bu, bir sayfada hangi degisikliklerin yapildigini bir cabuk kontrol etmek icin kullandigimiz araclardan birisi.
12:02
Another thing that we do within the community
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Bir digeri, grup icinde kullandiklarimizdan,
12:05
is we leave everything very open-ended.
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herseyi acik uclu birakmak.
12:08
Most of the social rules and the methods of work
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Bir cok sosyal kural ve calisma metodu
12:12
are left completely open-ended in the software.
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yazilimda tamamen ucu acik bir durumdalar.
12:14
All of that stuff is just on Wiki pages.
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Bunlarin bir cogu sadece Viki sayfalarinda.
12:16
And so there's nothing in the software that enforces the rules.
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Dolayisiyla yazilimda bize kural koyan hicbir sey yok.
12:19
The example I've got up here is a Votes For Deletion page.
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Elimdeki ornekte Silmek icin Oy sayfasini goruyorsunuz.
12:23
So, I mentioned earlier, people type ASDFASDF --
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Daha once de bahsettigim gibi, insanlar ASDFASDF yaziyorlar--
12:26
it needs to be deleted. Cases like that, the administrators just delete it.
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bunun silinmesi gerek. Bu gibi durumlarda, yoneticiler aninda siliyorlar.
12:29
There's no reason to have a big argument about it.
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Bu konuda tartismaya hic gerek yok.
12:31
But you can imagine there's a lot of other areas where the question is,
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Ama tahmin edebileceginiz uzere, bir suru baska alanlarda, soru su oluyor:
12:35
is this notable enough to go in an encyclopedia?
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bu ansiklopediye girecek kadar onemli bir sey mi?
12:37
Is the information verifiable? Is it a hoax? Is it true? Is it what?
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Gercekligi kanitlanabilir mi? Hilemidir? Dogrumudur? Nedir?
12:41
So we needed a social method for figuring out the answer to this.
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Bu sorulara yanit verebilmek icin sosyal bir metoda ihtiyacimiz var.
12:44
And so the method that arose organically within the community
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Grubumuz icinde kendi kendine gelismis olan bir metod
12:47
is the Votes For Deletion page.
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Silmek icin Oy sayfasi.
12:49
And in the particular example we have here, it's a film,
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Elimdeki ornege bakacak olursaniz, bu bir film,
12:51
"Twisted Issues," and the first person says,
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"Twisted Issues" ve ilk kisi soyle diyor,
12:53
"Now this is supposedly a film. It fails the Google test miserably."
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"Simdi bu guya bir film. Fakat Google testi boyle soylemiyor"
12:57
The Google test is, you look in Google and see if it's there,
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Google testi ise, Google'a bakiyorsunuz ve
13:00
because if something's not even in Google, it probably doesn't exist at all.
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herhahngi birsey Google'da bile degilse, onun varligindan suphe ediyorsunuz.
13:04
It's not a perfect rule, but it's a nice starting point for quick research.
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Bu mukemmel bir kural degil, ama hizli bir arastirma icin iyi bir baslangic.
13:09
So somebody says, "Delete it, please. Delete it -- it's not notable."
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Dolayisiyla birisi, "Bunu silin, lutfen. Silin bunu-- onemli bir sey degil bu" diyor.
13:12
And then somebody says, "Wait, wait, wait, wait, I found it.
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Sonra bir baskasi, 'Durun, durun, durun, ben buldum onu' diyor.
13:14
I found it in a book, 'Film Threat Video Guide:
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Bir kitabin icinde buldim, 'Film ve Video Kulavuzu:
13:16
the 20 Underground Films You Must See.'"
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Yeraltindan Izlemeniz gereken 20 Film'
13:18
Oh, OK. So the next persons says, "Clean it up."
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Aa, tamam. Bir sonra ki diyorki 'Silin onu'
13:20
Somebody says, "I've found it on IMDB. Keep, keep, keep."
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Bir digeri, 'Ben onu IMDB'de buldum. Sakin silmeyin, sakin, sakin, sakin"
13:24
And what's interesting about this is that the software is --
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Ve bu durumda ilginc olan su ki, yazilimci
13:27
these votes are just -- they're just text typed into a page.
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bu birbirine esit oylari aliyor-- bunlari ayni sayfaya yazilmis olarak gorebiliryorsunuz.
13:30
This is not really a vote so much as it is a dialogue.
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Bu aslinda oydan cok bir dialog.
13:35
Now it is true that at the end of the day
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Gercek olan su ki, gunun sonunda
13:37
an administrator can go through here and take a look at this and say,
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yonetici bu sayfaya bakip soyle diyebilir,
13:40
OK, 18 deletes, two keeps: we'll delete it.
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Tamam, 18 kisi sil demis, 2 kisi tut demis, siliyoruz.
13:43
But in other cases, this could be 18 deletes and two keeps, and we would keep it,
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Ama baska durumlarda, 18 kisi sil demis, 2 kisi tut demis olabilir, ve biz tutmaya karar vermis olabiliriz,
13:48
because if those last two keeps say, "Wait a minute, wait a minute.
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cunku eger bu iki kisi, "Durun, durun,
13:50
Nobody else saw this but I found it in a book,
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kimse gormedi ama ben bunu bir kitapta gordum,
13:52
and I found a link to a page that describes it, and I'm going to clean it up tomorrow,
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ve onun ne oldugunu analtan web sitesine bir baglanti buldum, yarin gerekli duzeltmeleri yapacagim,
13:56
so please don't delete it," then it would survive.
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lutfen silmeyin", bu durumda tutuyoruz tabi.
13:59
And it also matters who the people are who are voting.
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Ayni zamanda, oy verenlerin kim oldugu da onemli bir konu.
14:01
Like I say, it's a tight knit community.
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Dedigim gibi, grubumuz kucuk.
14:03
Down here at the bottom, "Keep, real movie," Rick Kay.
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Burada asagida, 'Tut bunu, bu gercek bir film', Rick Kay yaziyor.
14:05
Rick Kay is a very famous Wikipedian
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Rick Kay unlu bir Vikipedici
14:08
who does an enormous amount of work with vandalism, hoaxes
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Vikipedi'yi kotuye kullanmak isteyenlere, hilecilere karsi calisiyor ve
14:11
and votes for deletion.
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silmek icin oy sayfasini yonetiyor.
14:13
His voice carries a lot of weight within the community
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Grubumuz icinde sozu sayilir bir insan
14:16
because he knows what he's doing.
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cunku yaptigi isi iyi biliyor.
14:18
So how's all this governed?
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Peki, bu sistem nasil yonetiliyor?
14:20
People really want to know about, OK, administrators, things like that.
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Insanlar bunu gercekten bilmek istiyorlar, tamam, yoneticileri falan.
14:24
So the Wikipedia governance model, the governance of the community,
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Vikipedi'nin yonetim modeli, tum grubun yonetimi,
14:28
is a very confusing, but a workable mix of consensus --
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oldukca karisik, ama rizaya dayali bir sistem soz konusu--
14:32
meaning we try not to vote on the content of articles,
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yani bu da su demek ki, maddelerin icerigini oylamaya sunmuyoruz,
14:34
because the majority view is not necessarily neutral.
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cunku cogunlugun gorusu her zaman tarafsiz olur diye bir sey soz konusu degil.
14:38
Some amount of democracy, all of the administrators --
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Biraz demokrasi, tum yoneticiler icin gecerli olan--
14:40
these are the people who have the ability to delete pages,
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ki onlarin sayfalari silme yetkisi var,
14:43
that doesn't mean that they have the right to delete pages;
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bu demek degil ki, sayfalari silme haklari var,
14:45
they still have to follow all the rules -- but they're elected;
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kurallari izlemek zorundalar-- ama onlar secilmis insanlar,
14:48
they're elected by the community. Sometimes people --
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grup tarafindan secildiler. Bazen insanlar--
14:50
random trolls on the Internet -- like to accuse me of handpicking the administrators
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internetde rastgele karsilastiklarim-- beni yoneticileri secmekle sucluyorlar
14:54
to bias the content of the encyclopedia.
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ve bu secim sonucu ansiklopedinin tarafsizligini yitirdigini.
14:56
I always laugh at this, because I have no idea how they're elected, actually.
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Ben buna hep guluyorum, cunku o yoneticilerin nasil secildigini bilmiyorum, gercekten.
15:00
There's a certain amount of aristocracy.
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Biraz aristokratik sistem soz konusu.
15:02
And so you've got a hint of that when I mentioned, like,
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Yani demek isityorum ki, ornegin,
15:05
Rick Kay's voice would carry a lot more weight than someone we don't know.
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Rick Kay'in fikrini tanimadigimiz bir kisinin fikrine tercih ediyoruz.
15:08
I give this talk sometimes with Angela, who was just re-elected
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Bazen bu sunumu Angela ile beraber yapiyoruz, o gecenlerde yeniden
15:12
to the Board from the community -- to the Board of the Foundation,
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grubun yonetim kuruluna secildi-- Kurumun Yonetim Kuruluna.
15:15
with more than twice the votes of the person who didn't make it.
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rakibinin iki katindan fazla oy olarak.
15:19
And I always embarrass her because I say, well, Angela, for example,
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Ve ben onu hep soyle diyerek dalga geciyorum, Evet Angela, mesela
15:23
could get away with doing absolutely anything within Wikipedia,
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Vikipedi'yle istedigin herseyi yapabilirisin,
15:26
because she's so admired and so powerful.
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cunku hem herkes sana hayran, hem de guc sende.
15:28
But the irony is, of course, that Angela can do this because she's the one person
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Isin ironik tarafi su ki, tabii ki Angela istedigi herseyi yapabilir, cunku biliyorsunuz ki
15:32
who you know would never, ever, ever break any rules of Wikipedia.
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o hic ama hic bir zaman Vikipedi'nin kurallarina karsi birsey yapmaz.
15:35
And I also like to say she's the only person
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Sunu da belirtmeliyim ki, o Vikipedi'nin
15:38
who actually knows all the rules of Wikipedia, so ...
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butun kurallarini gercekten bilen tek kisi, bu durumda...
15:41
And then there's monarchy and that's my role on the community, so ...
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monarsi de soz konusu ve bu da grup icinde benim rolum, yani...
15:46
I was describing this in Berlin once and the next day in the newspaper
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Bundan bir keresinde Berlin'de bahsediyordum, ertesi gun gazete
15:51
the headline said, "I am the Queen of England."
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basliklari soyle yazdi, 'Ben Ingliltere'nin Kralicesiyim'
15:54
And that's not exactly what I said (Laughter), but --
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Ben boyle birsey soylemedim, ama--
15:59
the point is my role in the community --
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soz konusu olan benim grup icindeki rolum--
16:01
within the free software world
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herkese acik olan yazilim dunyasinda--
16:04
there's been a longstanding tradition of the "benevolent dictator" model.
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Su ana kadar gordugumuz gelenek, koruyucu diktator modeli.
16:09
So if you look at most of the major free software projects,
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Herkese acik yazilim projelerinin cogunda,
16:12
they have one single person in charge
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herseyden sorumlu bir insan var
16:14
who everyone agrees is the benevolent dictator.
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ve herkes onun koruyucu bir diktator oldugu konusunda hem fikir.
16:17
Well, I don't like the term "benevolent dictator,"
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Yani, aslinda koruyucu diktotor terimi hosuma gitmiyor,
16:20
and I don't think that it's my job or my role in the world of ideas
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ve bunun, benim fikirler dunyasindaki rolum oldugunu dusunmuyorum
16:23
to be the dictator of the future of all human knowledge compiled by the world.
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tum dunyanin boyun egdigi insanlik bilgisinin geleceginin diktatorlugu.
16:28
It just isn't appropriate.
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Boyle birsey mumkun degil.
16:30
But there is a need still for a certain amount of monarchy,
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Ama yine de bir miktar monarsiye ihtiyacimiz var,
16:33
a certain amount of -- sometimes we have to make a decision,
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biraz demek istiyorum-- bazen bir karar vermemiz gerektiginde,
16:36
and we don't want to get bogged down too heavily
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resmi bir karar alma surecine takili kalmak
16:39
in formal decision-making processes.
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istemiyoruz.
16:41
So as an example of why this has been --
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Bir ornek verecek olursam, bunun neden
16:45
or how this can be important:
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onemli olabilecegine dair,
16:47
we recently had a situation where a neo-Nazi website discovered Wikipedia,
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gecenlerde bir neo-Nazi web sitesi Vikipedi'yi kesfetti,
16:50
and they said, "Oh, well, this is horrible, this Jewish conspiracy of a website
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ve soyle dediler, "Bu korkunc yahudi anlasmali websitesi
16:55
and we're going to get certain articles deleted that we don't like.
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ve biz burada begenmedigimiz maddleri yok edecegiz.
16:58
And we see they have a voting process, so we're going to send --
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Ve oylama surecini baslattilar,
17:00
we have 40,000 members and we're going to send them over
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40,000 uyemizi bu sayfaya yonlendirecegiz
17:04
and they're all going to vote and get these pages deleted."
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ve onlar bu sayfalarin silinmesi icin oy kullanacaklar."
17:06
Well, they managed to get 18 people to show up.
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Sonunda, 18 kisiyi toparlamayi basardilar.
17:09
That's neo-Nazi math for you.
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Bu da sizin icin neo-Nazi matematigi.
17:11
They always think they've got 40,000 members when they've got 18.
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Onlar hep 40,000 uyeleri oldugunu dusunuyorlar ama aslinda sadece 18 uyeleri var.
17:14
But they managed to get 18 people to come and vote in a fairly absurd way
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Ama bir sekilde bu 18 kisinin gelip sacma sapan bir sekilde oy kullanmasini sagladilar
17:19
to delete a perfectly valid article.
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son derece mesru bir maddenin silinmesi icin.
17:21
Of course, the vote ended up being about 85 to 18,
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Tabii ki, sonunda oylar 85'e karsi 18'de kaldi,
17:24
so there was no real danger to our democratic processes.
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dolayisiyla demokratik surecimiz bu isten bir zarar gormedi.
17:27
On the other hand, people said, "But what are we going to do?
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Diger taraftan, bazilari dedi ki, "Bu durumda ne yapacagiz?
17:30
I mean, this could happen and what if some group gets really seriously organized
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Yani, eger bazi gruplar gercekten ciddi bir sekilde organize olurlarsa
17:34
and comes in and wants to vote?"
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ve oy kullanmak uzere sitemize gelirlerse?"
17:36
Then I said, "Well fuck it, we'll just change the rules."
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Ben soyle dedim, "Bosverin, biz de o durumda kurallari degistiririz."
17:39
That's my job in the community: to say we won't allow our openness
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Bu benim grup icindeki gorevim: aciklik ve
17:44
and freedom to undermine the quality of the content.
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ozgurluk prensiplerimizin icerigin kalitesini etkilemesini engellemek.
17:47
And so as long as people trust me in my role,
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Dolayisiyla, insanlar benim bu rolume guven duyduklari surece,
17:50
then that's a valid place for me.
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burasi benim icin saglam bir yer.
17:52
Of course, because of the free licensing, if I do a bad job,
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Tabii ki, serbest lisansimiz oldugundan, eger kotu bir is yaparsam,
17:56
the volunteers are more than happy to take and leave --
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gonulluler, memnuniyetle cekip giderler---
17:58
I can't tell anyone what to do.
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Kimseye ne yapmasi gerektigini soyleyemem.
18:00
So the final point here is that to understand how Wikipedia works,
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Dolayisiyla bu konudaki son nokta, Vikipedi'nin nasil calistigini anlamak,
18:04
it's important to understand that our Wiki model is the way we work,
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Viki modelini kullanarak calistigimizi anlamak onemli,
18:08
but we are not fanatical web anarchists. In fact,
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ama tabi biz fanatik web anarsistleri degiliz. Aslinda, bizim--
18:12
we're very flexible about the social methodology,
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biz sosyal metod bakimindan oldukca esnegiz,
18:15
because it's ultimately the passion of the community is for the quality of the work,
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cunku sonuc olarak, yaptigimiz isin kalitesini grubumuzun tutkusuna borcluyuz,
18:19
not necessarily for the process that we use to generate it.
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buna ulasmak icin kullandigimiz metodlara degil.
18:23
Thank you.
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Tesekkur ederim.
18:25
(Applause)
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(Alkislar)
18:28
Ben Saunders: Yeah, hi, Ben Saunders.
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Ben Sauders: Evet, selam, Ben Saunders.
18:30
Jimmy, you mentioned impartiality being a key to Wikipedia's success.
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Jimmy, tarafsizlik prensibinin Vikipedi'nin basarisinda cok onemli oldugundan bahsettin.
18:34
It strikes me that much of the textbooks
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Dikkatimi ceken su ki, bircok ders kitabi
18:38
that are used to educate our children are inherently biased.
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cocuklarimizi egitmek icin kullanilan kitaplar, dogasi geregi taraflilar.
18:41
Have you found Wikipedia being used by teachers,
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Vikipedi ogretmenler tarafindan kullaniliyor mu?
18:45
and how do you see Wikipedia changing education?
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ve sen Vikipedi'nin egitimi degistirdigini dusunuyor musun?
18:47
Jimmy Wales: Yeah, so, a lot of teachers are beginning to use Wikipedia.
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Jimmy Wales: Evet, bir cok ogretmen Vikipedi'yi kullanmaya basladi. Baska--
18:52
There's a media storyline about Wikipedia, which I think is false.
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Vikipedi'ye iliskin medyadin yarattigi yanlis bir izlenim sozkonusu.
18:56
It builds on the storyline of bloggers versus newspapers.
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Internette yayinlanan yazilarla gazeteleri karsilastiriliyor.
18:59
And the storyline is, there's this crazy thing, Wikipedia,
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Ve soyle diyorlar, cillgin bir sey bu Vikipedi,
19:03
but academics hate it and teachers hate it. And that turns out to not be true.
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akademisyenler ondan nefret ediyor, ogretmenler ondan nefret ediyor. Ama bunun dogru olmadigi ortaya cikiyor.
19:09
The last time I got an e-mail from a journalist saying,
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En son bir gazeteden aldigim e-posta soyle diyordu,
19:11
"Why do academics hate Wikipedia?"
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"Nicin akademisyenler Vikipedi'den nefret ediyorlar?"
19:13
I sent it from my Harvard email address,
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Ben yaniti Harvard e-posta adresimden gonderdim,
19:15
because I was recently appointed a fellow there.
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cunku oraya daha yeni akademik uye olarak atanmistim.
19:17
And I said, "Well, they don't all hate it." (Laughter)
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Ve soyle dedim, "Yani, hepsi nefret etmiyor."
19:20
But I think there's going to be huge impacts.
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Ben buyuk bir etkisi olacagini dusunuyorum.
19:23
And we actually have a project
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Ve aslinda bizim bir projemiz var
19:25
that I'm personally really excited about,
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acikcasi beni gercekten heyecanlandiran,
19:27
which is the Wiki books project,
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Viki kitap projesi,
19:29
which is an effort to create textbooks in all the languages.
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ders kitaplarini her dilde olusturmaya calisacagiz.
19:31
And that's a much bigger project;
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Ve bu daha da buyuk bir proje;
19:33
it's going to take 20 years or so to come to fruition.
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Gerceklesmesi icin 20 yil gibi bir zaman gerekiyor.
19:37
But part of that is to fulfill our mission
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Ancak bu, misyonumuzu yerine getirebilmemiz icin gerekli:
19:39
of giving an encyclopedia to every single person on the planet.
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yeryuzundeki her kisiye ansiklopedi vermek.
19:42
We don't mean we're going to spam them with AOL-style CDs.
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Bu demek degil ki, herkese AOL tarzinda CDler gonderecegiz.
19:45
We mean we're going to give them a tool that they can use.
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Bizim demek istedigimiz, herkese kullanabilecekleri bir arac saglayacagiz.
19:48
And for a lot of people in the world,
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Ve dunyadaki bir cok insan icin soz konusu olan sey su,
19:50
if I give you an encyclopedia that's written at a university level,
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eger size universite seviyesinde yazilmis bir ansiklopedi verirsem,
19:52
it doesn't do you any good
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hic bir fayda alamazsiniz ondan
19:54
without a whole host of literacy materials
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eger sizi onu kullanacaginiz seviyeye getirecek
19:56
to build you up to the point where you can actually use it.
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bir donaniminiz yoksa.
19:58
And so the Wiki books project is an effort to do that.
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Iste Viki kitap projesi bu yolda bir caba.
20:01
And I think that we're going to really see a huge --
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Ve bence, biz gercekten de buyuk bir yenilik gorecegiz--
20:03
it may not even come from us;
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ki bizden bile gelmeyebilir bu,
20:04
there's all kinds of innovation going on.
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etrafta bir cok yenilik soz konusuyken.
20:06
But freely licensed textbooks are the next big thing in education.
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Ama ozgur lisansli ders kitaplari egitim alaninda gorecegimiz bir sonraki gelisim olucaklar.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jimmy Wales - Founder of WikipediaWith a vision for a free online encyclopedia, Wales assembled legions of volunteer contributors, gave them tools for collaborating, and created the self-organizing, self-correcting, ever-expanding, multilingual encyclopedia of the future.
Why you should listen
Jimmy Wales went from betting on interest rates and foreign-currency fluctuations (as an option trader) to betting on the willingness of people to share their knowledge. That's how Wikipedia, imagined in 2001, became one of the most-referenced, most-used repositories of knowledge on the planet, with more than four and a half million articles in English (compared with the Britannica's 80,000) and millions in dozens of other languages, all freely available.
The "wiki" in the name refers to software that allows anyone with Internet access to add, delete or edit entries. This has led to controversies about the reliability of the information, prompting the Wikimedia Foundation to set tighter rules for editors, while still keeping Wikipedia open-source. One thing is certain: Wikipedia will never be finished. In the meantime Wales has started working on Wikiasari, a wiki-style search engine.
Jimmy Wales | Speaker | TED.com