TEDGlobal 2005
Jimmy Wales: The birth of Wikipedia
吉米·威尔斯叙说Wikipedia(维基百科)的诞生
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吉米·威尔斯回忆他怎样组织起“一帮乌合之众的志愿者们”，给他们合作的工具并创建了Wikipedia，一个自发组织，自我修正，从未完成的在线百科全书。
Jimmy Wales - Founder of Wikipedia
With a vision for a free online encyclopedia, Wales assembled legions of volunteer contributors, gave them tools for collaborating, and created the self-organizing, self-correcting, ever-expanding, multilingual encyclopedia of the future. Full bio
With a vision for a free online encyclopedia, Wales assembled legions of volunteer contributors, gave them tools for collaborating, and created the self-organizing, self-correcting, ever-expanding, multilingual encyclopedia of the future. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:25
In 1962, Charles Van Doren, who was later a senior editor of Britannica,
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1962年，查尔斯·范·多伦，后来成为不列颠百科全书的一名高级编辑，
00:29
said the ideal encyclopedia should be radical -- it should stop being safe.
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说: 理想的百科全书应该是激进的 -- 应该不再是安全的。
00:33
But if you know anything about the history of Britannica since 1962,
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但是如果你对1962年以后的不列颠百科全书的历史有所了解的话，
00:36
it was anything but radical:
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它是一切基本的东西:
00:38
still a very completely safe, stodgy type of encyclopedia.
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仍然是一个完全安全，乏味的百科全书。
00:43
Wikipedia, on the other hand, begins with a very radical idea,
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Wikipedia，另一方面，从一个非常激进的创意开始，
00:48
and that's for all of us to imagine a world
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那是我们所有人去想象的一个世界
00:50
in which every single person on the planet
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在这里地球上的每个人
00:52
is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge.
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都能自由访问所有人类知识的汇总。
00:55
And that's what we're doing. So Wikipedia --
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那就是我们正在做的。所以Wikipedia --
00:58
you just saw the little demonstration of it --
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你看到的是它的一些示范 --
01:00
it's a freely licensed encyclopedia. It's written by thousands of volunteers
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它是一个免费授权的百科全书。由全世界成千上万的志愿者
01:04
all over the world in many, many languages.
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用很多很多语言填写的。
01:06
It's written using Wiki software --
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它使用Wiki软件填写 --
01:08
which is the type of software he just demonstrated
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是他刚才示范过的那种软件
01:11
-- so anyone can quickly edit and save,
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-- 任何人可以快速的编辑并保存，
01:13
and it goes live on the Internet immediately.
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然后它能迅速的在互联网上呈现出来。
01:16
And everything about Wikipedia is managed by virtually an all-volunteer staff.
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Wikipedia的一切实际上都是由志愿者来管理的。
01:21
So when Yochai is talking about new methods of organization,
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所以当Yochai Benkler在谈论关于组织的新方法，
01:25
he's exactly describing Wikipedia. And what I'm going to do today
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他实际上是在指Wikipedia。我今天要做的
01:29
is tell you a little bit more about how it really works on the inside.
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就是告诉你们一些更多的关于它内部真正是怎样工作的
01:33
So Wikipedia's owned by the Wikimedia Foundation, which I founded,
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Wikipedia由维基媒体基金会拥有，这个基金会是我创立的，
01:38
a nonprofit organization. And our goal, the core aim of the Wikimedia Foundation,
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一个非盈利性质的组织。我们的目标，维基媒体基金会的核心目标，
01:43
is to get a free encyclopedia to every single person on the planet.
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是为地球上的每个人提供一个自由免费的百科全书。
01:46
And so if you think about what that means,
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如果你在想那是什么意思，
01:48
it means a lot more than just building a cool website.
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意思就是比建立一个很酷的网站更多。
01:51
We're really interested in all the issues of the digital divide, poverty worldwide,
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我们真正对所有关于数字鸿沟，全世界贫困等问题感兴趣，
01:55
empowering people everywhere to have the information that they need
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是每个地方的人们能得到他们想要的信息
01:59
to make good decisions.
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来做出正确的决定。
02:00
And so we're going to have to do a lot of work that goes beyond just the Internet.
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所以我们将不得不做远超过仅仅是互联网的工作。
02:04
And so that's a big part of why we've chosen the free licensing model,
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那也是我们要选择自由授权的使用协议的原因
02:08
because that empowers local entrepreneurs --
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因为那样允许当地企业家 --
02:10
or anyone who wants to, can take our content
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或者任何人想要并且能获得我们的内容
02:12
and do anything they like with it -- you can copy it, redistribute it
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并且做任何他们想对它做的事 -- 你可以复制它，重新发布它
02:16
and you can do it commercially or non-commercially.
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你还可以将它商业化或非商业化。
02:18
So there's a lot of opportunities that are going to arise around Wikipedia
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所以从Wikipedia这里可以为世界创造出
02:22
all over the world.
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许多新的机会
02:24
We're funded by donations from the public,
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我们从公众捐赠得到资助，
02:26
and one of the more interesting things about that
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关于这个更有趣的事情
02:29
is how little money it actually takes to run Wikipedia.
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是实际上运行Wikipedia只需要多么少的钱。
02:32
So Yochai showed you the graph of what the cost of a printing press was.
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所以Yochai Benkler刚才给你们看了关于一台印刷机的花费是什么的图。
02:37
And I'm going to tell you what the cost of Wikipedia is,
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我会告诉你们Wikipedia的花费是什么，
02:41
but first I'll show you how big it is.
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但首先我会给大家看看他有多大。
02:43
So we've got over 600,000 articles in English.
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我们有超过600,000篇英文文章。
02:47
We've got two million total articles across many, many different languages.
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我们有包含很多很多不同语言的总计两百万篇文章。
02:51
The biggest languages are German, Japanese, French --
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最大的语言是德语，日语，法语。
02:54
all the Western European languages are quite big.
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所有西欧语言都很大。
02:58
But only around one-third of all of our traffic to our web
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但是只有大约三分之一的我们网站的全部流量
03:01
clusters to the English Wikipedia,
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来自英文Wikipedia，
03:03
which is surprising to a lot of people.
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这让很多人吃惊。
03:05
A lot of people think in a very English-centric way on the Internet,
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很多人在互联网上用一个英文为中心的方式思考，
03:09
but for us, we're truly global. We're in many, many languages.
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但对我们来说我们是真正的全球化的。我们有很多很多语言。
03:13
How popular we've gotten to be -- we're a top 50 website
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我们已经有多流行 -- 我们是一个排名前50的网站
03:16
and we're more popular than the New York Times.
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我们比纽约时报更流行。
03:18
So this is where we get to Yochai's discussion.
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这是Yochai Benkler刚才谈到的地方。
03:23
This shows the growth of Wikipedia -- we're the blue line there --
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这展示了Wikipedia的成长 -- 我们是蓝色的线 --
03:26
and then this is the New York Times over there.
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那儿是纽约时报的。
03:29
And what's interesting about this is the New York Times website is a huge,
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关于这个有趣的地方是纽约时报网站是由一个巨大的，
03:32
enormous corporate operation with -- I have no idea how many hundreds of employees.
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拥有我不知道多少，成百上千的职员的企业在经营。
03:36
We have exactly one employee,
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我们只有一名雇员，
03:39
and that employee is our lead software developer.
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那名雇员是我们的软件开发组长。
03:42
And he's only been our employee since January 2005,
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他也是从2005年1月以来仅有的我们的雇员，
03:45
all the other growth before that.
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其他所有的一切成长都在那之前。
03:47
So the servers are managed by a rag-tag band of volunteers;
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所以服务器由一群普通的志愿者在管理，
03:50
all the editing is done by volunteers.
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所有的编辑工作也都是由志愿者完成。
03:52
And the way that we're organized
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我们组织的方式
03:54
is not like any traditional organization you can imagine.
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不是像你们能想象到的任何传统的组织那样。
03:57
People are always asking, "Well, who's in charge of this?"
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人们常常会问，"那么，谁负责这个？"
03:59
or "Who does that?" And the answer is: anybody who wants to pitch in.
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或者"谁做的？"答案是: 任何想要出一分力的人。
04:04
It's a very unusual and chaotic thing.
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这是一件非常不寻常和混乱的事情。
04:07
We've got over 90 servers now in three locations.
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我们现在在三个地方共有超过90台服务器。
04:10
These are managed by volunteer system administrators who are online.
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这些服务器由一些在线的系统管理员志愿者管理。
04:14
I can go online any time of the day or night
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我能在白天或者夜晚的任何时间上线
04:17
and see eight to 10 people waiting for me
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看到8到10个人等着我
04:21
to ask a question or something, anything about the servers.
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问我问题或者关于服务器的任何事情。
04:25
You could never afford to do this in a company.
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你绝不可能在一个公司里面做到这一点。
04:27
You could never afford to have a standby crew of people
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你绝不可能有一群一天24小时随时待命的人
04:31
24 hours a day and do what we're doing at Wikipedia.
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做我们在Wikipedia做的事情。
04:35
So we're doing around 1.4 billion page views monthly,
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我们每个月有大约14亿次页面浏览，
04:38
so it's really gotten to be a huge thing.
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它真的成为一个巨大的东西。
04:41
And everything is managed by the volunteers.
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一切都由志愿者管理。
04:43
And the total monthly cost for our bandwidth is about 5,000 dollars.
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我们每个月总带宽的花费是大约5,000美元。
04:48
And that's essentially our main cost.
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那是我们实际上的主要花费。
04:50
We could actually do without the employee. We actually --
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我们实际上可以不用雇人来做。 我们实际上 --
04:53
we hired Brian because he was working part-time for two years
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我们雇佣了布莱恩因为他已经兼职和全职
04:56
and full-time at Wikipedia,
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在Wikipedia工作了两年，
04:58
so we actually hired him so he could get a life and go to the movies sometimes.
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所以我们实际上雇佣他，那样他可以过一个更为充实或更有趣的生活，有时还能去看看电影。
05:03
So the big question when you've got this really chaotic organization is,
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所以当你知道这个真正混乱的组织是什么样以后最大的问题是，
05:06
why isn't it all rubbish? Why is the website as good as it is?
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为什么它不是全是垃圾？为什么这个网站还是那么好？
05:10
First of all, how good is it? Well, it's pretty good. It isn't perfect,
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首先，它有多好？嗯，它真的非常好。它不是完美的，
05:13
but it's much, much better than you would expect,
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但是它远比你想象的好的多，
05:16
given our completely chaotic model.
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给我们完全混乱的模型。
05:18
So when you saw him make a ridiculous edit to the page about me,
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所以当你看见他对关于我的页面进行了荒谬的编辑，
05:21
you think, oh, this is obviously just going to degenerate into rubbish.
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你认为，哦，这显然是将要退化为垃圾。
05:25
But when we've seen quality tests -- and there haven't been enough of these yet
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但当我们看见质量测试 -- 还没有足够的这样的测试
05:29
and I'm really encouraging people to do more,
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我非常鼓励人们做的更多，
05:31
comparing Wikipedia to traditional things -- we win hands down.
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拿Wikipedia和传统的东西比较 -- 我们轻易获胜了。
05:35
So a German magazine compared German Wikipedia,
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所以一家德国杂志拿德文Wikipedia，
05:38
which is really much, much smaller than English,
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它比英文维基要小很多很多，
05:41
to Microsoft Encarta and to Brockhaus Multimedia,
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跟Microsoft Encarta和跟Brockhaus Multimedia比较，
05:45
and we won across the board.
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我们全面胜利。
05:47
They hired experts to come and look at articles and compare the quality,
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他们雇佣了一些专家来看文章并且比较文章的质量，
05:50
and we were very pleased with that result.
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我们很高兴看到结果。
05:53
So a lot of people have heard about the Wikipedia Bush-Kerry controversy.
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所以有很多人听说过Wikipedia布什与克里的争议。
05:57
The media has covered this somewhat extensively.
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这是一个 -- 媒体已经有些广泛的报道了这个。
06:01
It started out with an article in Red Herring.
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它由在《红鲱鱼》的一片文章开始。
06:04
The reporters called me up and they -- I mean, I have to say
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记者们给我打电话然后他们 -- 我的意思是，我不得不说
06:07
they spelled my name right, but they really wanted to say,
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他们拼写对了我的名字，但是他们他们真正想说的是，
06:12
the Bush-Kerry election is so contentious,
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布什和克里的选举太有争议了，
06:14
it's tearing apart the Wikipedia community. And so they quote me as saying,
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它在分裂Wikipedia社区。所以他们引用了我说的话，
06:18
"They're the most contentious in the history of Wikipedia."
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"他们是Wikipedia历史上最有争议的。"
06:21
What I actually said is, they're not contentious at all.
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我实际上说的是，他们一点争议也没有。
06:23
So it's a slight misquote. (Laughter) The articles were edited quite heavily.
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所以这是一个细微的误引。文章编辑的太过沉重。
06:29
And it is true that we did have to lock the articles on a couple of occasions.
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这确实是我们不得不在一些场合锁定这些文章。
06:32
Time magazine recently reported that
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时代周刊最近报道说
06:35
"Extreme action sometimes has to be taken,
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"极端的手段有时不得不采取，
06:38
and Wales locked the entries on Kerry and Bush for most of 2004."
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威尔斯锁定了2004年大多数的关于克里和布什的文章。"
06:43
This came after I told the reporter that we had to lock it for --
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这发生在我告诉记者我们不得不偶尔在这儿和那儿
06:47
occasionally a little bit here and there.
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锁定它一点点。
06:49
So the truth in general is that the kinds of controversies
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所以一般的真相是争议的类型
06:52
that you would probably think we have within the Wikipedia community
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那些你也许认为在我们Wikipedia团队中有的争议
06:56
are not really controversies at all.
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实际上真的一点都不存在。
06:58
Articles on controversial topics are edited a lot,
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关于有争议话题的文章被编辑了很多，
07:01
but they don't cause much controversy within the community.
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但是他们不会在社区内引发太多争议。
07:04
And the reason for this is that most people understand the need for neutrality.
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之所以会这样的原因是绝大多数人理解中立的需要。
07:11
The real struggle is not between the right and the left --
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真正的分歧不是左右之争 --
07:15
that's where most people assume --
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那是很多人以为的 --
07:17
but it's between the party of the thoughtful and the party of the jerks.
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而实际上是在一群深思熟虑的人和一群愚蠢的人之间的。
07:20
And no side of the political spectrum has a monopoly on either of those qualities.
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在任意那些品质的一边都没有政治色彩占据垄断地位。
07:24
The actual truth about the specific Bush-Kerry incident
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关于布什和克里事件的事实真相
07:28
is that the Bush-Kerry articles
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是布什和克里的文章
07:30
were locked less than one percent of the time in 2004,
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在2004年不到百分之一的时间被锁定了，
07:33
and it wasn't because they were contentious;
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并且它不是因为他们是有争议的;
07:35
it was just because there was routine vandalism --
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只是因为有一些平常的破坏 --
07:38
which happens sometimes even on stage, people --
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有时甚至在线上发生，人们 --
07:42
sometimes even reporters have reported to me that they vandalize Wikipedia
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有时甚至记者们也跟我说他们破坏了Wikipedia
07:45
and were amazed that it was fixed so quickly.
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并且很惊异它很快就被修复了。
07:48
And I said -- you know, I always say, please don't do that; that's not a good thing.
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我说 -- 你知道，我总是说，请不要那样做，那不是一件好事。
07:52
So how do we do this?
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所以我们怎样做到这个的？
07:54
How do we manage the quality control?
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我们怎样管理质量控制？
07:56
How does it work?
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怎样使 -- 它如何工作的？
07:59
So there's a few elements,
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有一些要素，
08:02
mostly social policies and some elements of the software.
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主要是社会政策和软件的一些元素。
08:05
So the biggest and the most important thing is our neutral point-of-view policy.
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所以最大也是最重要的事情是我们对待政策的中立观点。
08:09
This is something that I set down from the very beginning,
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这是我从刚开始就制定下来的，
08:12
as a core principle of the community that's completely not debatable.
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作为一个社区的核心原则是完全不可动摇的。
08:16
It's a social concept of cooperation,
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这是合作的一个社会化概念，
08:19
so we don't talk a lot about truth and objectivity.
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所以我们不过多讨论真相和客观。
08:23
The reason for this is if we say we're only going to write the "truth" about some topic,
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这样做的原因是如果我们说我们只会对一些话题报道真相，
08:27
that doesn't do us a damn bit of good of figuring out what to write,
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那样对我们搞清楚要写什么没有一点好处，
08:30
because I don't agree with you about what's the truth.
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因为我不同意你关于真相是什么的说法。
08:32
But we have this jargon term of neutrality,
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但我们有这个中立的专业条款，
08:35
which has its own long history within the community,
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在社区里有属于它自己的很长的历史，
08:37
which basically says, any time there's a controversial issue,
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它的基本原则是，当有争议问题出现的时候，
08:41
Wikipedia itself should not take a stand on the issue.
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Wikipedia本身不应该对其采取立场。
08:44
We should merely report on what reputable parties have said about it.
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我们只能报道那些著名的政党说了些什么。
08:47
So this neutrality policy is really important for us,
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所以这个中立的政策对我们来说真的很重要，
08:50
because it empowers a community that is very diverse
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因为它使得一个非常不同的团队
08:54
to come together and actually get some work done.
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走到一起并真正完成一些工作。
08:56
So we have very diverse contributors in terms of political, religious,
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所以我们有很多在政治，宗教，
08:59
cultural backgrounds.
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文化背景上非常不同的贡献者。
09:01
By having this firm neutrality policy,
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有了这个坚定的中立政策，
09:03
which is non-negotiable from the beginning,
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从刚开始就是不可置疑的，
09:05
we ensure that people can work together
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我们确保了人们能一起工作
09:07
and that the entries don't become simply a war
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文章不会成为简单的一场战争
09:09
back and forth between the left and the right.
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在左和右之间反反复复。
09:12
If you engage in that type of behavior,
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如果你有那样的行为，
09:14
you'll be asked to leave the community.
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你会被要求离开这个团队。
09:17
So real-time peer review.
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所以实时同事审查。
09:19
Every single change on the site goes to the recent changes page.
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网站每一个简单的改变都会在最近改变的页面里面。
09:22
So as soon as he made his change, it went to the recent changes page.
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所以当他作了修改，该页面就会进入到最近修改的页面中。
09:25
That recent changes page was also fed into IRC channel,
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那个最近修改的页面同样会进入到IRC频道，
09:29
which is an Internet chat channel
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一个互联网聊天频道
09:31
that people are monitoring with various software tools.
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那里人们监控着各种各样的软件工具。
09:35
And people can get RSS feeds --
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人们可以获取RSS源进行订阅 --
09:37
they can get e-mail notifications of changes.
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他们能收到关于修改的邮件提醒。
09:40
And then users can set up their own personal watch list.
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然后用户能设定他们自己的个人关注列表。
09:42
So my page is on quite a few volunteers' watch lists,
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我的页面在很多志愿者的关注列表中，
09:45
because it is sometimes vandalized.
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因为它时常被破坏。
09:49
And therefore, what happens is someone will notice the change very quickly,
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所以，经常发生的情况是有人能很快发现页面的变化，
09:53
and then they'll just simply revert the change.
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然后他们只需要简单的恢复那个页面。
09:57
There's a new pages feed, for example,
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举例来说，有一个新的页面源，
09:59
so you can go to a certain page of Wikipedia
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你能访问Wikipedia的某个页面
10:01
and see every new page as it's created.
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然后看到每个新创建的页面。
10:03
This is really important, because a lot of new pages that get created
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这是非常重要的，因为很多新创建的页面
10:05
are just garbage that have to be deleted, you know, ASDFASDF.
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只是一些垃圾，比如ASDFASDF等，我们必须删除它们。
10:08
But also that's some of the most interesting and fun things at Wikipedia,
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但这同样也是Wikipedia上的一些最有趣的事情，
10:11
some of the new articles.
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一些新文章。
10:13
People will start an article on some interesting topic,
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人们会新建一篇关于一些有趣话题的文章，
10:15
other people will find that intriguing
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其他人会觉得有意思
10:17
and jump in and help and make it much better.
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然后加入并帮助把它变得好得多。
10:19
So we do have edits by anonymous users,
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所以我们有匿名用户的编辑工作，
10:21
which is one of the most controversial and intriguing things about Wikipedia.
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这是关于Wikipedia的一个最有争议也是最有趣的事情。
10:25
So Chris was able to do his change -- he didn't have to log in or anything;
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所以克里斯能做出他的修改 -- 他不用登陆或者什么的，
10:29
he just went on the website and made a change.
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他就直接访问网站然后做出修改。
10:32
But it turns out that only about 18 percent of all the edits to the website
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但结果是网站上只有大概18%的所有的编辑工作
10:35
are done by anonymous users.
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是由匿名用户完成的。
10:37
And that's a really important thing to understand,
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另外，需要理解的很重要的一件事，
10:39
is that the vast majority of the edits that go on on the website
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就是在网站上看到的绝大多数的编辑和修改
10:42
are from a very close-knit community of maybe 600 to 1,000 people
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是来自于一个大约600到1,000人的非常紧密配合的团队
10:46
who are in constant communication.
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他们在不断的沟通。
10:48
And we have over 40 IRC channels, 40 mailing lists.
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并且我们有超过40个IRC频道，40个邮件列表。
10:50
All these people know each other. They communicate; we have offline meetings.
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所有的这些人都互相认识。他们沟通交流，我们有线下会议。
10:54
These are the people who are doing the bulk of the site,
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这些是完成网站大部分工作的人，
10:56
and they are, in a sense, semi-professionals at what they're doing,
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他们，在某种意义上来说，在他们做的事情上是半专业的，
11:01
that the standards we set for ourselves are equal to or higher than
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我们为自己设立的标准是与
11:05
professional standards of quality.
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专业的质量标准持平或者更高。
11:07
We don't always meet those standards,
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我们并不总是能达到这些标准，
11:09
but that's what we're striving for.
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但那是我们一直在争取达到的。
11:11
And so that tight community is who really cares for the site,
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所以这个紧密团队是真正关心这个网站的人，
11:14
and these are some of the smartest people I've ever met.
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这些是我见过的一些最聪明的人。
11:16
Of course, it's my job to say that, but it's actually true.
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当然，这么说是我的工作，但是这绝对是事实。
11:18
The type of people who were drawn to writing an encyclopedia for fun
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这种为撰写百科全书的乐趣所吸引的人
11:22
tend to be pretty smart people. (Laughter)
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往往都是相当聪明的人。
11:25
The tools and the software: there's lots of tools that allow us --
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工具和软件: 有很多工具可以让我们 --
11:27
allow us, meaning the community -- to self-monitor and to monitor all the work.
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让我们，我的意思是我们团队 -- 去自我监控和监控所有工作。
11:31
This is an example of a page history on "flat earth,"
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这是一个关于平面地球的一页历史的例子，
11:33
and you can see some changes that were made.
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你能看到一些做过的改动。
11:36
What's nice about this page is you can immediately take a look at this
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这个页面的好处在于你可以迅速的看一眼这个
11:39
and see, oh OK, I understand now.
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然后发现，哦 OK，我现在理解了。
11:41
When somebody goes and looks at -- they see that someone,
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当有人来看到 -- 他们看到有人，
11:44
an anonymous IP number, made an edit to my page --
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一个匿名的IP，对我的页面作了编辑 --
11:46
that sounds suspicious -- who is this person? Somebody looks at it --
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这听起来很可疑 -- 这个人是谁？有人查看页面时，
11:49
they can immediately see highlighted in red all of the changes that took place,
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他们能迅速看到发生了改变的地方用红色突出显示了出来，
11:53
to see, OK, well, these words have changed, things like this.
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然后发现，OK，好吧，这些字被改了，类似于这样的事情。
11:57
So that's one tool that we can use to very quickly monitor the history of a page.
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所有那是我们能用来非常快速的监控每个页面历史的一个工具。
12:02
Another thing that we do within the community
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我们团队里面做的另外一件事
12:05
is we leave everything very open-ended.
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就是我们保持所有的一切都是可扩展的。
12:08
Most of the social rules and the methods of work
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大多数社会规则和工作方法
12:12
are left completely open-ended in the software.
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在软件里都保持完全可扩展。
12:14
All of that stuff is just on Wiki pages.
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所有的那些素材都在Wiki页面上。
12:16
And so there's nothing in the software that enforces the rules.
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软件里没有任何东西是执行了这些规则的。
12:19
The example I've got up here is a Votes For Deletion page.
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我在这里举出的例子是关于删除页面的投票。
12:23
So, I mentioned earlier, people type ASDFASDF --
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所以，我之前提到的，人们输入ASDFASDF --
12:26
it needs to be deleted. Cases like that, the administrators just delete it.
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它需要删掉。像那样的情况，管理员直接删除。
12:29
There's no reason to have a big argument about it.
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对于这样的情况不会存在大的争议。
12:31
But you can imagine there's a lot of other areas where the question is,
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但是你可以想象在很多其他有问题的地方，
12:35
is this notable enough to go in an encyclopedia?
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这足够著名值得在百科全书中记录吗？
12:37
Is the information verifiable? Is it a hoax? Is it true? Is it what?
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这信息是证实了的吗？它是个恶作剧吗？它是真的吗？它是怎样怎样？
12:41
So we needed a social method for figuring out the answer to this.
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所以我们需要一个社会化的方法来验证这个的答案。
12:44
And so the method that arose organically within the community
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所以在社区内就相应出现了一种方法
12:47
is the Votes For Deletion page.
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那就是为要删除的页面进行投票。
12:49
And in the particular example we have here, it's a film,
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并且我们这里拿出来的特例，它是一部电影，
12:51
"Twisted Issues," and the first person says,
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"Twisted Issues," 第一个人说，
12:53
"Now this is supposedly a film. It fails the Google test miserably."
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"现在这应该是一部电影。它在Google测试上惨败。"
12:57
The Google test is, you look in Google and see if it's there,
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Google测试是，你在Google上查看看是否它在上面，
13:00
because if something's not even in Google, it probably doesn't exist at all.
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因为如果有些东西在Google上都没有的话，它很可能完全不存在。
13:04
It's not a perfect rule, but it's a nice starting point for quick research.
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这不是一条完美的规则，但这是快速搜索的一个很好的起点。
13:09
So somebody says, "Delete it, please. Delete it -- it's not notable."
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所以有人说，"请删除它。删除它 -- 它不值得注意。"
13:12
And then somebody says, "Wait, wait, wait, wait, I found it.
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然后有人说，"等等，等等，我找到它了。
13:14
I found it in a book, 'Film Threat Video Guide:
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我在一本书上找到它了，'电影恐怖视频指南:
13:16
the 20 Underground Films You Must See.'"
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你必须看的20部地下电影。"
13:18
Oh, OK. So the next persons says, "Clean it up."
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哦，好吧。所以又有另一个人说，"把它清理掉吧。"
13:20
Somebody says, "I've found it on IMDB. Keep, keep, keep."
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有人说，"我在IMDB上找到它了。保留，保留，保留。"（注: IMDB是世界上最大的电影数据资料库网站）
13:24
And what's interesting about this is that the software is --
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对这种情况有意思的是软件就是 --
13:27
these votes are just -- they're just text typed into a page.
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这些投票只是 -- 他们只是作为文本键入到一个页面。
13:30
This is not really a vote so much as it is a dialogue.
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与其是它是一个真正的投票不弱说它是一个对话。
13:35
Now it is true that at the end of the day
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事实是当一天结束的时候
13:37
an administrator can go through here and take a look at this and say,
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一名管理员可以来到这个页面看一下然后说，
13:40
OK, 18 deletes, two keeps: we'll delete it.
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好吧，18个删除，2个保留，我们会删除它。
13:43
But in other cases, this could be 18 deletes and two keeps, and we would keep it,
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但在其他情况下，这个可能是18个删除和2个保留，并且我们可能会保留它，
13:48
because if those last two keeps say, "Wait a minute, wait a minute.
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因为如果那两个认为要保留的人说，"等一下，等一下。
13:50
Nobody else saw this but I found it in a book,
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其他人没看到这个但是我在一本书上找到了它，
13:52
and I found a link to a page that describes it, and I'm going to clean it up tomorrow,
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并且我找到了一个描述它的链接页面，我明天会清理它，
13:56
so please don't delete it," then it would survive.
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所以请不要删除它，"那么它会保留下来。
13:59
And it also matters who the people are who are voting.
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它也跟这些人是谁和谁在投票有关。
14:01
Like I say, it's a tight knit community.
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就像我说的，这是一个紧密结合的组织。
14:03
Down here at the bottom, "Keep, real movie," Rick Kay.
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这儿往下，最底部，"保留，真的电影，"里克·凯。
14:05
Rick Kay is a very famous Wikipedian
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里克·凯是一名很有名的维基人士
14:08
who does an enormous amount of work with vandalism, hoaxes
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他对故意搞破坏和恶作剧的情况做了大量的工作
14:11
and votes for deletion.
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并且投票删除。
14:13
His voice carries a lot of weight within the community
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他的话在社区里很有份量
14:16
because he knows what he's doing.
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因为他知道他在做什么。
14:18
So how's all this governed?
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所以这些全部是怎样管理的？
14:20
People really want to know about, OK, administrators, things like that.
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人们真的很想知道，好吧，管理员，类似那样的。
14:24
So the Wikipedia governance model, the governance of the community,
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所以Wikipedia的管理模式，社区的管理，
14:28
is a very confusing, but a workable mix of consensus --
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是一个非常令人困惑，但是却是一个协商一致的可行的组合体 --
14:32
meaning we try not to vote on the content of articles,
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意味着我们尝试不对文章的内容进行投票，
14:34
because the majority view is not necessarily neutral.
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因为主流观点不一定是中立的。
14:38
Some amount of democracy, all of the administrators --
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一定程度的民主，所有的管理员 --
14:40
these are the people who have the ability to delete pages,
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这些是能删除页面的人，
14:43
that doesn't mean that they have the right to delete pages;
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那并不代表他们有权力删除页面，
14:45
they still have to follow all the rules -- but they're elected;
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他们仍然需要遵守所有的规则 -- 但是他们是被选出来的，
14:48
they're elected by the community. Sometimes people --
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他们由社区推选出来。有时人们 --
14:50
random trolls on the Internet -- like to accuse me of handpicking the administrators
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那些在互联网上随机转悠的人 -- 喜欢通过指责我说我自己指定管理员
14:54
to bias the content of the encyclopedia.
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来表达对百科全书内容的偏见。
14:56
I always laugh at this, because I have no idea how they're elected, actually.
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我往往嘲笑它，因为实际上我并不知道他们是怎样选出来的。
15:00
There's a certain amount of aristocracy.
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有大量的高级知识分子。
15:02
And so you've got a hint of that when I mentioned, like,
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所以当我提到的时候你能得到一点提示，比如，
15:05
Rick Kay's voice would carry a lot more weight than someone we don't know.
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里克·凯的话能比一个我们不知道的人更有份量。
15:08
I give this talk sometimes with Angela, who was just re-elected
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我有时跟安吉拉这么讲，她刚重新当选
15:12
to the Board from the community -- to the Board of the Foundation,
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从社区被推选到董事会 -- 到基金会的董事会，
15:15
with more than twice the votes of the person who didn't make it.
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通过超过反对派两倍的票数。
15:19
And I always embarrass her because I say, well, Angela, for example,
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我总是让她尴尬因为我说，好吧，安吉拉，比如说，
15:23
could get away with doing absolutely anything within Wikipedia,
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可以因为在Wikipedia做任何事而离开，
15:26
because she's so admired and so powerful.
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因为她是那样受仰慕和那样权威。
15:28
But the irony is, of course, that Angela can do this because she's the one person
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但讽刺的是，当然，安吉拉能这么做是因为她是一个
15:32
who you know would never, ever, ever break any rules of Wikipedia.
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你知道绝对不会破坏Wikipedia任何规则的人。
15:35
And I also like to say she's the only person
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我也喜欢说她是唯一的一个
15:38
who actually knows all the rules of Wikipedia, so ...
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真正了解Wikipedia的所有规则的人
15:41
And then there's monarchy and that's my role on the community, so ...
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知道我在社区里充当着一个君王的角色
15:46
I was describing this in Berlin once and the next day in the newspaper
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我曾经在柏林描述过这个然后第二天报纸的
15:51
the headline said, "I am the Queen of England."
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头条说，"我是英格兰的女王。"
15:54
And that's not exactly what I said (Laughter), but --
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那并不是我真正说的，但是 --
15:59
the point is my role in the community --
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关键点是我在社区的角色 --
16:01
within the free software world
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在免费软件世界里有很长的 --
16:04
there's been a longstanding tradition of the "benevolent dictator" model.
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有一个存在时间很长的仁慈的独裁者模型的传统。
16:09
So if you look at most of the major free software projects,
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所以如果你看看大多数主要的免费软件项目，
16:12
they have one single person in charge
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他们有一个人来负责
16:14
who everyone agrees is the benevolent dictator.
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这个大家都认同的人就是那个仁慈的独裁者。
16:17
Well, I don't like the term "benevolent dictator,"
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嗯，我不喜欢仁慈的独裁者的任期，
16:20
and I don't think that it's my job or my role in the world of ideas
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而且我认为这不是我在理想世界里的工作或者角色
16:23
to be the dictator of the future of all human knowledge compiled by the world.
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去成为由世界编辑汇总的全部人类知识的未来的独裁者。
16:28
It just isn't appropriate.
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它是不合适的。
16:30
But there is a need still for a certain amount of monarchy,
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但是仍然有一个需求需要一定程度的君主制，
16:33
a certain amount of -- sometimes we have to make a decision,
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一定程度的 -- 有时我们不得不做出一个决定，
16:36
and we don't want to get bogged down too heavily
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我们不想过多的陷入困境
16:39
in formal decision-making processes.
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在正式决策过程中。
16:41
So as an example of why this has been --
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所以作为为什么会这样的例子 --
16:45
or how this can be important:
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或者这怎样能很重要，
16:47
we recently had a situation where a neo-Nazi website discovered Wikipedia,
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我们最近遇到一个情况，一个新纳粹网站发现了Wikipedia，
16:50
and they said, "Oh, well, this is horrible, this Jewish conspiracy of a website
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他们说，"哦好吧，这很可怕，这是犹太人阴谋的一个网站
16:55
and we're going to get certain articles deleted that we don't like.
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我们想要那些我们不喜欢的文章删除掉。
16:58
And we see they have a voting process, so we're going to send --
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我们看见他们发起了一个投票进程，所以我们将发送 --
17:00
we have 40,000 members and we're going to send them over
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我们有40,000会员而且我们将把这个投票发给他们
17:04
and they're all going to vote and get these pages deleted."
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他们将通过一起投票来删除这些页面。"
17:06
Well, they managed to get 18 people to show up.
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那么，他们设法让18个人出面。
17:09
That's neo-Nazi math for you.
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那是给你的新纳粹数学。
17:11
They always think they've got 40,000 members when they've got 18.
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他们总是认为他们有40,000会员但实际上他们只有18个。
17:14
But they managed to get 18 people to come and vote in a fairly absurd way
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但是他们设法让18个人以一个相当荒谬的方式来投票
17:19
to delete a perfectly valid article.
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去删除一个完全有效的文章。
17:21
Of course, the vote ended up being about 85 to 18,
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显然，投票以85票对18票结束，
17:24
so there was no real danger to our democratic processes.
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所以对我们的民主处理流程来说没有真正的危险。
17:27
On the other hand, people said, "But what are we going to do?
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另一方面，有人说，"但是我们将要做什么？
17:30
I mean, this could happen and what if some group gets really seriously organized
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我的意思是，这可能会发生并且如果一些真正有组织的群体
17:34
and comes in and wants to vote?"
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参与进来并想要投票怎么办？"
17:36
Then I said, "Well fuck it, we'll just change the rules."
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我说，"那么去他的，我们就改变规则。"
17:39
That's my job in the community: to say we won't allow our openness
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那是我在社区的工作: 去声明我们不会允许我们的开放
17:44
and freedom to undermine the quality of the content.
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和自由区降低了内容的质量。
17:47
And so as long as people trust me in my role,
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所以只要人们相信我在我的角色发回的作用，
17:50
then that's a valid place for me.
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那么就有我的一个位置。
17:52
Of course, because of the free licensing, if I do a bad job,
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当然，因为免费授权，如果我做的不好，
17:56
the volunteers are more than happy to take and leave --
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志愿者会很乐意参与然后离开 --
17:58
I can't tell anyone what to do.
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我不会告诉任何人要做什么。
18:00
So the final point here is that to understand how Wikipedia works,
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所以这里最终关键的地方是理解Wikipedia是怎样工作的，
18:04
it's important to understand that our Wiki model is the way we work,
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理解我们的Wiki模型是我们工作的方式是很重要的，
18:08
but we are not fanatical web anarchists. In fact,
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但我们不是狂热的网站无政府主义者。事实上，我们的 --
18:12
we're very flexible about the social methodology,
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我们关于社会方法论是非常灵活的，
18:15
because it's ultimately the passion of the community is for the quality of the work,
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因为社区最终的激情动力就是追求工作的质量，
18:19
not necessarily for the process that we use to generate it.
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而不一定是我们用来产生内容的流程。
18:23
Thank you.
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谢谢大家。
18:25
(Applause)
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(掌声)
18:28
Ben Saunders: Yeah, hi, Ben Saunders.
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本·桑德斯: 是的，你好，我是本·桑德斯。
18:30
Jimmy, you mentioned impartiality being a key to Wikipedia's success.
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吉米，您刚才提到公正是Wikipedia成功的一个关键。
18:34
It strikes me that much of the textbooks
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它震撼了我，因为很多
18:38
that are used to educate our children are inherently biased.
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用来教育我们小孩的教科书都存在固有偏见。
18:41
Have you found Wikipedia being used by teachers,
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您发现有老师在使用Wikipedia吗？
18:45
and how do you see Wikipedia changing education?
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另外，您怎样看待Wikipedia在改变教育？
18:47
Jimmy Wales: Yeah, so, a lot of teachers are beginning to use Wikipedia.
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吉米·威尔斯: 是的，所以很多老师现在开始使用Wikipedia了。另外 --
18:52
There's a media storyline about Wikipedia, which I think is false.
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有一个关于Wikipedia的媒体故事，我认为是错误的。
18:56
It builds on the storyline of bloggers versus newspapers.
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它建立在博客对阵报纸的故事基础上。
18:59
And the storyline is, there's this crazy thing, Wikipedia,
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故事是，有这样疯狂的事情，Wikipedia，
19:03
but academics hate it and teachers hate it. And that turns out to not be true.
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但是大学生们讨厌它老师们也讨厌它。那最终被证明不是真的。
19:09
The last time I got an e-mail from a journalist saying,
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我最后一次收到一个记者的Email说，
19:11
"Why do academics hate Wikipedia?"
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"为什么大学生们讨厌Wikipedia?"
19:13
I sent it from my Harvard email address,
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我用我的哈弗大学的电子邮件地址发送给他，
19:15
because I was recently appointed a fellow there.
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因为我最近在那里任命了一名同事。
19:17
And I said, "Well, they don't all hate it." (Laughter)
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我说，"其实，不是所有大学生都讨厌它。"
19:20
But I think there's going to be huge impacts.
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但是我认为会有很大的冲击。
19:23
And we actually have a project
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并且我们实际上有一个项目
19:25
that I'm personally really excited about,
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一个我个人真的很兴奋的项目，
19:27
which is the Wiki books project,
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就是Wiki书籍的项目，
19:29
which is an effort to create textbooks in all the languages.
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它是一个用所有语言创造教科书的尝试。
19:31
And that's a much bigger project;
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那是一个大得多的项目;
19:33
it's going to take 20 years or so to come to fruition.
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它将需要用20年左右的时间去实现。
19:37
But part of that is to fulfill our mission
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但是那个项目的一部分是去完成我们的使命
19:39
of giving an encyclopedia to every single person on the planet.
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就是给地球上的每个人提供一本百科全书。
19:42
We don't mean we're going to spam them with AOL-style CDs.
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我们不是要用美国在线式光盘来给他们发垃圾信息。
19:45
We mean we're going to give them a tool that they can use.
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我们的意思是我们要给他们一个他们能使用的工具。
19:48
And for a lot of people in the world,
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并且对于世界上的很多人来说，
19:50
if I give you an encyclopedia that's written at a university level,
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如果我给你们一本大学级别的百科全书，
19:52
it doesn't do you any good
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它不会给你带来任何好处
19:54
without a whole host of literacy materials
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没有一整套的很多的扫盲材料
19:56
to build you up to the point where you can actually use it.
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来帮你建立起你真正能使用它的观点。
19:58
And so the Wiki books project is an effort to do that.
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所以Wiki书籍项目就是那样做的一个尝试。
20:01
And I think that we're going to really see a huge --
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并且，我认为我们将真正看到一个巨大的 --
20:03
it may not even come from us;
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它可能甚至不是来自我们，
20:04
there's all kinds of innovation going on.
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但不断的有各种各样的创新在进行。
20:06
But freely licensed textbooks are the next big thing in education.
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但是免费授权的教科书是教育业里将要发生的下一个大事件。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jimmy Wales - Founder of WikipediaWith a vision for a free online encyclopedia, Wales assembled legions of volunteer contributors, gave them tools for collaborating, and created the self-organizing, self-correcting, ever-expanding, multilingual encyclopedia of the future.
Why you should listen
Jimmy Wales went from betting on interest rates and foreign-currency fluctuations (as an option trader) to betting on the willingness of people to share their knowledge. That's how Wikipedia, imagined in 2001, became one of the most-referenced, most-used repositories of knowledge on the planet, with more than four and a half million articles in English (compared with the Britannica's 80,000) and millions in dozens of other languages, all freely available.
The "wiki" in the name refers to software that allows anyone with Internet access to add, delete or edit entries. This has led to controversies about the reliability of the information, prompting the Wikimedia Foundation to set tighter rules for editors, while still keeping Wikipedia open-source. One thing is certain: Wikipedia will never be finished. In the meantime Wales has started working on Wikiasari, a wiki-style search engine.
Jimmy Wales | Speaker | TED.com