TEDGlobal 2012
Beth Noveck: Demand a more open-source government
Beth Noveck：呼吁一个更加开放的政府
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政府机构能够从开放源代码运动中学到什么？在本次激动人性的演讲中，白宫前CTO Beth Noveck 与我们分享了她对于开放运动的看法——联系政府与民众，分享数据，创造一个真正人人参与的民主形式。想象一下“人人都可参与改变的社会”……
Beth Noveck - Open-government expert
A lawyer by training and a techie by inclination, Beth Noveck works to build data transparency into government. Full bio
A lawyer by training and a techie by inclination, Beth Noveck works to build data transparency into government. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
So when the White House was built
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白宫在19世纪早期刚刚被建好的时候
00:18
in the early 19th century, it was an open house.
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是一个开放的建筑。
00:21
Neighbors came and went. Under President Adams,
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附近的人会来参观。亚当斯总统执政期间
00:24
a local dentist happened by.
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一个当地的牙医来到白宫
00:26
He wanted to shake the President's hand.
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他想跟总统握手
00:28
The President dismissed the Secretary of State,
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总统当时正在和国务卿谈话
00:30
whom he was conferring with, and asked the dentist
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他让国务卿先离开，然后问那个牙医
00:32
if he would remove a tooth.
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可不可以帮他拔牙
00:34
Later, in the 1850s, under President Pierce,
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到了19世纪50年代，皮尔斯总统执政期间
00:37
he was known to have remarked
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他说过一句非常有名的话
00:39
— probably the only thing he's known for —
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——大概也是他说过的唯一一句名言
00:41
when a neighbor passed by and said, "I'd love to see
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一个当地人路过白宫时感慨说，“我真想参观一下
00:44
the beautiful house," and Pierce said to him,
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这栋漂亮的房子。” 皮尔斯总统对他说
00:46
"Why my dear sir, of course you may come in.
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为什么不呢，先生，你当然可以进来
00:49
This isn't my house. It is the people's house."
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这不是我的房子。这是人民的房子
00:53
Well, when I got to the White House in the beginning
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但是，当我2009年初
00:55
of 2009, at the start of the Obama Administration,
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奥巴执政初期来到白宫的时候
00:58
the White House was anything but open.
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这个地方却一点也不开放
01:01
Bomb blast curtains covered my windows.
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窗户前装着厚厚的防爆窗帘
01:03
We were running Windows 2000.
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电脑里运行的还是windows 2000
01:05
Social media were blocked at the firewall.
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防火墙屏蔽了所有的社交媒体
01:08
We didn't have a blog, let alone a dozen twitter accounts
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我们没有博客，更别谈twitter账号了。
01:10
like we have today.
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直到今天都是如此。
01:12
I came in to become the head of Open Government,
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我负责的“开放政府”计划
01:15
to take the values and the practices of transparency,
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高度重视透明度，
01:18
participation and collaboration, and instill them
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参与度和合作性，将这些理念
01:21
into the way that we work, to open up government,
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灌输到我们工作中，以此来使政府变得开放
01:24
to work with people.
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与民众协同工作
01:25
Now one of the things that we know
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当前我们都知道
01:28
is that companies are very good at getting people to work
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商业公司很擅长让员工
01:31
together in teams and in networks to make
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以小组或类似网络的方式来生产
01:33
very complex products, like cars and computers,
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非常复杂的产品，例如汽车和电脑
01:37
and the more complex the products are a society creates,
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并且一个社会能制造的产品越复杂
01:41
the more successful the society is over time.
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社会生产就越成功
01:43
Companies make goods, but governments,
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商业公司制造产品
01:46
they make public goods. They work on the cure for cancer
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而政府制造公共品，政府致力于治疗癌症
01:49
and educating our children and making roads,
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教育儿童，修建道路
01:52
but we don't have institutions that are particularly good
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可惜的是，我们没有
01:56
at this kind of complexity. We don't have institutions
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能够很好地处理这其中的复杂关系的机构。
01:58
that are good at bringing our talents to bear,
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我们没有这样的机构，去发挥人才的能力
02:01
at working with us in this kind of open and collaborative way.
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让他们在开放与合作的环境下跟我们一起工作
02:06
So when we wanted to create our Open Government policy,
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所以，当我们想要建立一个开放政府政策的时候
02:08
what did we do? We wanted, naturally, to ask public sector
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首先要知道我们已经做了什么。我们询问
02:11
employees how we should open up government.
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公共部门的雇员，要怎样做才能开放我们的政府
02:14
Turns out that had never been done before.
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结果发现我们从未在这方面下过功夫
02:17
We wanted to ask members of the public to help us
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我们希望向公众寻求帮助
02:20
come up with a policy, not after the fact, commenting
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一同构建这样的开放政策，而不是像以前一样
02:23
on a rule after it's written, the way is typically the case,
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由我们制定规则，再让公众进行评论
02:26
but in advance. There was no legal precedent,
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这种做法在法律上和文化上
02:30
no cultural precedent, no technical way of doing this.
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都没有先例，也没有技术支持
02:33
In fact, many people told us it was illegal.
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实际上，许多人告诉我们这样做是不合法的
02:36
Here's the crux of the obstacle.
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这是最主要的障碍
02:39
Governments exist to channel the flow of two things,
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政府的存在实际上是为了引导两样事物
02:41
really, values and expertise to and from government
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那就是政府和公民之间
02:45
and to and from citizens to the end of making decisions.
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不断相互交换的价值观和专业技能来做决定
02:49
But the way that our institutions are designed,
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但是我们的政府机构现有的运作方式
02:51
in our rather 18th-century, centralized model,
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仍是18世纪的集权模式
02:54
is to channel the flow of values through voting,
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它通过投票来汇聚价值观
02:58
once every four years, once every two years, at best,
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四年一次，两年一次，或者最多一年一次
03:00
once a year. This is a rather anemic and thin way, in this
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在社会媒体如此发达的今天，以这样的方式
03:03
era of social media, for us to actually express our values.
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来表达我们的价值观实在是太薄弱无力了
03:07
Today we have technology that lets us express ourselves
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现代科技使我们可以很好的表达自己
03:10
a great deal, perhaps a little too much.
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甚至有时候还会太随心所欲了
03:13
Then in the 19th century, we layer on
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19世纪时，人们坚信
03:15
the concept of bureaucracy and the administrative state
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官僚主义和行政国家可以帮助我们
03:18
to help us govern complex and large societies.
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管理好复杂而庞大的社会
03:21
But we've centralized these bureaucracies.
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但当我们集中化这样的官僚主义
03:24
We've entrenched them. And we know that
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使其根深蒂固后
03:27
the smartest person always works for someone else.
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才发现聪明的人总是在为别人工作
03:29
We need to only look around this room to know that
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看看在座的各位我们就知道
03:32
expertise and intelligence is widely distributed in society,
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专家和智者是广泛地分布于社会当中的
03:36
and not limited simply to our institutions.
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而不仅仅存在于我们的政府机构里
03:40
Scientists have been studying in recent years
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科学家近年来做了一些研究
03:42
the phenomenon that they often describe as flow,
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他们提出了“流”这个概念
03:45
that the design of our systems, whether natural or social,
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他们认为我们的体系，无论是自然的还是社会的
03:48
channel the flow of whatever runs through them.
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都会引导通过它的“流”的改变
03:50
So a river is designed to channel the flow of water,
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就如河可以引导水流
03:54
and the lightning bolt that comes out of a cloud channels
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闪电可以引导电流
03:56
the flow of electricity, and a leaf is designed to channel
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树叶则可以引导
04:00
the flow of nutrients to the tree,
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树木中营养的流向
04:02
sometimes even having to route around an obstacle,
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即使有时候需要绕过一些障碍
04:05
but to get that nutrition flowing.
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仍然在引导营养物质不停地流动
04:07
The same can be said for our social systems, for our
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我们的社会体系和政府体系也是一样
04:10
systems of government, where, at the very least,
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在这里
04:12
flow offers us a helpful metaphor for understanding
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“流”这个简单明了的比喻
04:15
what the problem is, what's really broken,
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可以帮助我们理解真正的问题所在
04:18
and the urgent need that we have, that we all feel today,
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使我们发现重新设计
04:22
to redesign the flow of our institutions.
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政府机构中“流”的必要性
04:25
We live in a Cambrian era of big data, of social networks,
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我们生活在一个信息和社交网络突然大爆炸的年代
04:29
and we have this opportunity to redesign these institutions
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所以直到最近我们才真正有这样的机会
04:34
that are actually quite recent.
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来重新设计我们的政府机构
04:37
Think about it: What other business do you know,
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想想看，在其他你所熟知的行业里
04:40
what other sector of the economy, and especially one
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在经济的其他板块，尤其是和公共经济一样大的板块
04:42
as big as the public sector, that doesn't seek to reinvent
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有哪一个不是在不断地
04:46
its business model on a regular basis?
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创新自己的商业模式？
04:49
Sure, we invest plenty in innovation. We invest
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确实，我们在创新上投资的不少
04:52
in broadband and science education and science grants,
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我们提高网络速度，强调科学教育，进行学术拨款
04:56
but we invest far too little in reinventing and redesigning
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但是在政府机构的重塑和创新上
04:59
the institutions that we have.
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我们做得还太少太少
05:02
Now, it's very easy to complain, of course, about
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人们很容易去抱怨
05:04
partisan politics and entrenched bureaucracy, and we love
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党派政治和官僚主义，也很喜欢抱怨政府
05:08
to complain about government. It's a perennial pastime,
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这几乎成了人们茶余饭后的娱乐活动
05:11
especially around election time, but
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在选举期间更是如此
05:13
the world is complex. We soon will have 10 billion people,
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但这个世界是很复杂的，很快我们就将达到100亿人口
05:17
many of whom will lack basic resources.
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这其中很多人缺乏基本的资源
05:20
So complain as we might, what actually can replace
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我们可以抱怨，但我们更该想想
05:23
what we have today?
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该怎样去改变现状？
05:25
What comes the day after the Arab Spring?
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“阿拉伯之春”之后又会发生什么？
05:29
Well, one attractive alternative that obviously presents itself
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当然，还有一个明显很吸引人的选择
05:33
to us is that of networks. Right? Networks
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那就是网络。是不是？
05:36
like Facebook and Twitter. They're lean. They're mean.
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例如facebook和twitter之类的网络做着面对任何挑战的准备。
05:39
You've got 3,000 employees at Facebook
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facebook有3000名员工
05:41
governing 900 million inhabitants.
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却要管理9亿用户
05:44
We might even call them citizens, because they've recently
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我们甚至应该把他们称作“网络公民”
05:47
risen up to fight against legislative incursion,
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因为他们最近联合起来反对政府的行政干预
05:50
and the citizens of these networks work together
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而且这些公民利用网络
05:53
to serve each other in great ways.
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以不同的方式进行合作，互助互利
05:56
But private communities, private, corporate,
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但是这种相互写作的私人化的社区
05:59
privatizing communities, are not bottom-up democracies.
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并不是自下而上的民主
06:02
They cannot replace government.
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它并不能取代政府
06:04
Friending someone on Facebook is not complex enough
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在facebook上加个好友并不能
06:07
to do the hard work of you and I collaborating
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取代你和我现在共同努力所做的工作
06:10
with each other and doing the hard work of governance.
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并不能教会你怎么管理人民
06:14
But social media do teach us something.
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但社交媒体确实给我们很大的启示
06:17
Why is Twitter so successful? Because it opens up its platform.
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为什么推特这么成功？因为它开放了一个平台
06:21
It opens up the API to allow hundreds of thousands
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它开放了一个应用程序市场
06:24
of new applications to be built on top of it, so that we can
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使成百上千的新应用能够以此为基础进行运作
06:27
read and process information in new and exciting ways.
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使我们能够以新的方式来阅读和处理信息
06:32
We need to think about how to open up the API
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我们需要思考如何开放政府机构的“应用平台”
06:34
of government, and the way that we're going to do that,
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以及这个平台上的运作方式
06:38
the next great superpower is going to be the one
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如果哪个国家能将
06:41
who can successfully combine the hierarchy of institution --
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政府机构的层级模式——
06:47
because we have to maintain those public values,
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因为我们仍然需要维持公共价值观
06:50
we have to coordinate the flow -- but with the diversity
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需要引导“流”的动向——
06:53
and the pulsating life and the chaos and the excitement
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与生动多样的生活和新奇刺激的网络结合起来
06:55
of networks, all of us working together to build
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所有人同心协力将这样的创新应用到
06:58
these new innovations on top of our institutions,
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我们的政府机构和管理方式中
07:02
to engage in the practice of governance.
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一定能称为全球下一个超级大国
07:04
We have a precedent for this. Good old Henry II here,
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历史上就有这样的先例，12世纪时
07:07
in the 12th century, invented the jury.
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亨利二世发明了陪审团
07:11
Powerful, practical, palpable model for handing power
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这是一种将权力由政府下放到公民
07:16
from government to citizens.
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非常有力且可行的模式
07:18
Today we have the opportunity, and we have
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现在我们有机会
07:22
the imperative, to create thousands of new ways
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也有迫切的需求，构建上千种新的方式
07:25
of interconnecting between networks and institutions,
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将网络与政府机构联系起来
07:28
thousands of new kinds of juries: the citizen jury,
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创造上千种全新的“陪审团”
07:31
the Carrotmob, the hackathon, we are just beginning
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有民众陪审团，也有“胡萝卜暴民”和“编程马拉松”这样的活动
07:35
to invent the models by which we can cocreate
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我们正在开始创造使人们可以共同
07:38
the process of governance.
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进行管理的新模式
07:40
Now, we don't fully have a picture of what this will look like
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我们现在还不知道这个宏伟的蓝图具体是什么样子
07:42
yet, but we're seeing pockets of evolution
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但在我们身边已经有了一些
07:45
emerging all around us -- maybe not even evolution,
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关于管理方式的进展，我甚至觉得
07:48
I'd even start to call it a revolution -- in the way that we govern.
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这不仅仅应该叫做“进展”，而应该叫做“革新”
07:52
Some of it's very high-tech,
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有些科技含量很高，
07:53
and some of it is extremely low-tech,
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有些则使用非常原始的方式
07:55
such as the project that MKSS is running in Rajasthan,
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例如在印度的拉贾斯坦邦
07:58
India, where they take the spending data of the state
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工农权利组织（MKSS）将政府开支
08:02
and paint it on 100,000 village walls,
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贴在10万多个村庄的墙上
08:05
and then invite the villagers to come and comment
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邀请村民来进行评判
08:08
who is on the government payroll, who's actually died,
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谁可以继续留下来吃公家饭?谁应该收拾东西走人?
08:10
what are the bridges that have been built to nowhere,
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那个花了几百万也没建好的桥又是怎么回事?
08:13
and to work together through civic engagement to save
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这样做不仅节省了政府开支
08:15
real money and participate and have access to that budget.
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还使民众能够真正地参与到预算的制定过程中
08:19
But it's not just about policing government.
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不仅是政府政策的制定
08:21
It's also about creating government.
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政府的建设也是同样的道理
08:23
Spacehive in the U.K. is engaging in crowd-funding,
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英国的Spacehive网站通过网上集资
08:26
getting you and me to raise the money to build
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让居民能够根据自己的意愿
08:29
the goalposts and the park benches that will actually
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选择为一个小足球场或是公园里的长椅投资
08:32
allow us to deliver better services in our communities.
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从而加强社区内的设施和服务
08:35
No one is better at this activity of actually getting us
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在向缺乏资源和服务的地区提供帮助这方面
08:39
to engage in delivering services,
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做得最好的
08:42
sometimes where none exist, than Ushahidi.
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莫过于Ushahidi这个开源软件了
08:45
Created after the post-election riots in Kenya in 2008,
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它诞生于2008年肯尼亚大选后的暴乱时期
08:49
this crisis-mapping website and community is actually able
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这个以危机地图为特点的网络社区
08:53
to crowdsource and target the delivery of
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能够以众包的方式
08:56
better rescue services to people trapped under the rubble,
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对处于困境中的人们提供帮助
08:59
whether it's after the earthquakes in Haiti,
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它在海地震后救灾以及最近意大利的森林火灾中
09:02
or more recently in Italy.
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都功不可没
09:04
And the Red Cross too is training volunteers and Twitter
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现在，红十字会也在训练志愿者
09:07
is certifying them, not simply to supplement existing
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并在推特上对他们进行认证
09:10
government institutions, but in many cases, to replace them.
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他们不是作为政府机构的补充而是要取代政府的一部分职能
09:14
Now what we're seeing lots of examples of, obviously,
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现在，我们已经看了很多
09:17
is the opening up of government data,
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开放政府讯息的例子
09:19
not enough examples of this yet, but we're starting
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现在我们再来看看
09:22
to see this practice of people creating and generating
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人们在政府信息平台的基础上
09:25
innovative applications on top of government data.
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创造并运作新应用的例子
09:29
There's so many examples I could have picked, and I
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我有很多例子可以选择
09:31
selected this one of Jon Bon Jovi. Some of you
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但我想讲讲 Jon Bon Jovi
09:34
may or may not know that he runs a soup kitchen
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你们可能有人也听说过，他在新泽西开了一家“心灵厨房”
09:37
in New Jersey, where he caters to and serves the homeless
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专为无家可归的流浪者提供食物
09:39
and particularly homeless veterans.
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尤其是那些流浪的老兵
09:41
In February, he approached the White House, and said,
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今年二月，他来到白宫
09:44
"I would like to fund a prize to create scalable national
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他说道“我想出资以创建具有扩展性的应用程序，
09:48
applications, apps, that will help not only the homeless
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即能协助无家可归者，
09:51
but those who deliver services [to] them to do so better."
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亦能协助服务者以让他们表现的更好。”
09:55
February 2012 to June of 2012,
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於2012年2月至6月，
09:58
the finalists are announced in the competition.
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其比赛的入围者已公布
10:01
Can you imagine, in the bureaucratic world of yesteryear,
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你能想象吗？去年，在官僚主义的世界里
10:04
getting anything done in a four-month period of time?
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他们在四个月的期间内完成该做的事！
10:07
You can barely fill out the forms in that amount of time,
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你仅仅能在同样的时间内填写表格
10:09
let alone generate real, palpable innovations
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更别提创建一个改善人民生活的
10:12
that improve people's lives.
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真正与明确的革新
10:14
And I want to be clear to mention that this open government
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我想明确地声明其开放政府革命
10:17
revolution is not about privatizing government,
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并不是私有化的政府
10:21
because in many cases what it can do when we have
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因为在诸多情况下，当我们有意愿完成这些事时，
10:23
the will to do so is to deliver more progressive
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我们会提交
10:27
and better policy than the regulations and the legislative
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比我们目前政策中的
10:31
and litigation-oriented strategies
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规范和立法与以诉讼为导向的策略
10:34
by which we make policy today.
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一个更进取与更优秀的政策
10:36
In the State of Texas, they regulate 515 professions,
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在德克萨斯州 ，他们监管515种行业
10:40
from well-driller to florist.
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从钻井员工到花商
10:42
Now, you can carry a gun into a church in Dallas,
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目前，你能够带枪进入达拉斯的教堂
10:45
but do not make a flower arrangement without a license,
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但若没有许可证，你无法进行插花行为
10:48
because that will land you in jail.
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因为这将使你入狱
10:51
So what is Texas doing? They're asking you and me,
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所以，德克萨斯怎么做？他们要求我们
10:55
using online policy wikis, to help not simply get rid of
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用网上的政策百科不仅摆脱
10:59
burdensome regulations that impede entrepreneurship,
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阻碍企业发展的繁琐条文，
11:03
but to replace those regulations with more innovative
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而且用更创新的规章来代替，
11:06
alternatives, sometimes using transparency in the creation
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有时新应用开发的透明度
11:09
of new iPhone apps that will allows us
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会使得我们
11:11
both to protect consumers and the public
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不仅保护消费者和公众
11:13
and to encourage economic development.
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也能激励经济发展
11:16
That is a nice sideline of open government.
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这是对于开放政府是个不错的副业
11:19
It's not only the benefits that we've talked about with regard
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它不仅有利于我们谈论到的发展
11:22
to development. It's the economic benefits and the
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而且谈论到这方面的开放创新工作时
11:26
job creation that's coming from this open innovation work.
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有利于经济和创造就业
11:30
Sberbank, the largest and oldest bank in Russia,
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作为俄罗斯最大最古老的俄罗斯联邦储蓄银行
11:33
largely owned by the Russian government,
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它主要归俄罗斯政府所有
11:35
has started practicing crowdsourcing, engaging
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开始实践众包这种方式，
11:38
its employees and citizens in the public in developing innovations.
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鼓励员工和市民创新
11:41
Last year they saved a billion dollars, 30 billion rubles,
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去年他们从开放创新中
11:46
from open innovation, and they're pushing radically
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省下了10亿美元，即300亿卢布，并且他们很激进的推进
11:48
the extension of crowdsourcing, not only from banking,
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众包的范围，不仅限于银行
11:51
but into the public sector.
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还有公共部门
11:53
And we see lots of examples of these innovators using
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我们看到很多这样创新者用开放政府数据的例子，
11:56
open government data, not simply to make apps,
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不仅用了开发应用，
11:59
but then to make companies and to hire people
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而且用来开公司，
12:01
to build them working with the government.
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雇员工来与政府合作
12:03
So a lot of these innovations are local.
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所以很多创新者都是本地的
12:05
In San Ramon, California, they published an iPhone app
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在加州的圣拉蒙，有人开发了一个iphone应用
12:08
in which they allow you or me to say we are certified
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允许我们上传CPR训练的认证，
12:12
CPR-trained, and then when someone has a heart attack,
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并且有人突发心脏病时，
12:15
a notification goes out so that you
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就会有消息推送给你
12:18
can rush over to the person over here and deliver CPR.
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这样你就可以赶过去进行CPR
12:22
The victim who receives bystander CPR
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接受CPR的病人
12:24
is more than twice as likely to survive.
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有两倍的机会存活下来
12:26
"There is a hero in all of us," is their slogan.
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他们的口号是“我们身边就有英雄”
12:30
But it's not limited to the local.
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但对于地区来说并没有受到限制
12:33
British Columbia, Canada, is publishing a catalogue
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加拿大的英属哥伦比亚发布了一个目录
12:35
of all the ways that its residents and citizens can engage
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目录里包含了居民和市民可以参与的
12:38
with the state in the cocreation of governance.
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州发起的政府创新。
12:42
Let me be very clear,
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我要澄清一点
12:45
and perhaps controversial,
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这可能会引起争议
12:47
that open government is not
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那就是“政府开放”并不是
12:49
about transparent government.
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等同于“政府工作透明”
12:51
Simply throwing data over the transom doesn't change
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简单的把数据公开并没有改变
12:54
how government works.
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政府的工作方式
12:56
It doesn't get anybody to do anything with that data
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仅仅是做到透明并不能让任何人利用这些数据
12:58
to change lives, to solve problems, and it doesn't change
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来解决问题，这也不能使政府
13:02
government.
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发生改变
13:03
What it does is it creates an adversarial relationship
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它所做的是在公民社会和政府之间
13:06
between civil society and government
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围绕着对信息的所有权和使用权的争夺
13:08
over the control and ownership of information.
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创造出一种相互敌对的关系。
13:11
And transparency, by itself, is not reducing the flow
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并且透明化本身并不减少政治的经济成本
13:14
of money into politics, and arguably,
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一个尚有争议的观点是
13:16
it's not even producing accountability as well as it might
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它甚至不会如预期的那样明确政府的责任，
13:19
if we took the next step of combining participation and
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除非我们通过接下来要提到的方式携手合作
13:22
collaboration with transparency to transform how we work.
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并结合透明性来革新我们工作的协同方式。
13:26
We're going to see this evolution really in two phases,
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我想我们将会看到这个革命将会有两个阶段，
13:29
I think. The first phase of the open government revolution
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开放政府革命的第一阶段
13:32
is delivering better information from the crowd
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是从公众传递更好的信息
13:36
into the center.
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到中心。
13:38
Starting in 2005, and this is how this open government
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从2005年开始，在美国
13:40
work in the U.S. really got started,
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这也是开放政府如何真正开始的
13:42
I was teaching a patent law class to my students and
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当时我给学生们教专利法
13:45
explaining to them how a single person in the bureaucracy
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并解释在官僚主义里的个人
13:48
has the power to make a decision
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如何有权利做
13:51
about which patent application becomes the next patent,
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那个专利应用成为专利的决定
13:55
and therefore monopolizes for 20 years the rights
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并在整个创造性活动的领域内
13:58
over an entire field of inventive activity.
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能单独拥有20年的权利
14:01
Well, what did we do? We said, we can make a website,
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那我们怎么做？我们说可以做网站
14:04
we can make an expert network, a social network,
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做一个专家的网络，社会的网络
14:06
that would connect the network to the institution
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把机构连接到网络上
14:08
to allow scientists and technologists to get
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使得科学家和科技家们能
14:11
better information to the patent office
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得到更好的专利局的消息
14:13
to aid in making those decisions.
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来帮助做出这些决定
14:16
We piloted the work in the U.S. and the U.K. and Japan
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我们在美国，英国，日本和澳大利亚开展了这个工作，
14:18
and Australia, and now I'm pleased to report
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现在我很高兴的宣布
14:21
that the United States Patent Office will be rolling out
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美国专利局将会变得
14:24
universal, complete, and total openness,
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全球化，全面化和全面的开放，
14:28
so that all patent applications will now be open
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今年开始，所有的专利申请将会对
14:31
for citizen participation, beginning this year.
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市民开放参与。
14:35
The second phase of this evolution — Yeah. (Applause)
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这个革命的第二阶段——（掌声）
14:38
They deserve a hand. (Applause)
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他们值得这掌声（掌声）
14:41
The first phase is in getting better information in.
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第一阶段是更高效的收集民意
14:43
The second phase is in getting decision-making power out.
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第二阶段是将决策权下放
14:47
Participatory budgeting has long been practiced
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在巴西的阿雷格里港
14:50
in Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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参与式预算已经存在已久。
14:51
They're just starting it in the 49th Ward in Chicago.
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在芝加哥的49区则正开始。
14:54
Russia is using wikis to get citizens writing law together,
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俄罗斯用百科让市民一起写法律
14:58
as is Lithuania. When we start to see
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立陶宛也有类似的形式。
15:00
power over the core functions of government
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当我们看到政府核心作用的权利
15:02
— spending, legislation, decision-making —
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——消费，立法，决策——
15:06
then we're well on our way to an open government revolution.
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然后我们开始走上开放政府革命的道路
15:10
There are many things that we can do to get us there.
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我们可以做很多事情使我们走到这条路。
15:14
Obviously opening up the data is one,
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很明显开放数据是其中之一
15:16
but the important thing is to create lots more --
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但更重要的事情是创造更多
15:19
create and curate -- lots more participatory opportunities.
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更多参与的机会
15:23
Hackathons and mashathons and working with data
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编程马拉松和用数据开发应用
15:26
to build apps is an intelligible way for people to engage
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是个很好的方式让人们有兴趣参与其中，
15:29
and participate, like the jury is,
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就好像审判团一样。
15:32
but we're going to need lots more things like it.
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但我们需要更多想这样的事
15:35
And that's why we need to start with our youngest people.
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这就是为什么我们要从娃娃抓起
15:40
We've heard talk here at TED about people
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我们在TED上听到有人利用Arduino设备
（译注：一种可以自己动手定制的“电脑”）
（译注：一种可以自己动手定制的“电脑”）
15:42
biohacking and hacking their plants with Arduino,
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做生物实验（biohacking）并改造他们的植物，
15:46
and Mozilla is doing work around the world in getting
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而 Mozilla 在全球范围内
15:49
young people to build websites and make videos.
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鼓励年轻人动手制作网站和视频
15:53
When we start by teaching young people that we live,
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当我们开始教育年轻人我们并不生活在
15:55
not in a passive society, a read-only society,
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一个被动的、以接受为主的社会
15:59
but in a writable society, where we have the power
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而是可以动手改变的社会时，我们有力量来
16:01
to change our communities, to change our institutions,
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改变我们的社区，改变我们的机构
16:05
that's when we begin to really put ourselves on the pathway
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那也是我们开始真正让我们走上那条路
16:08
towards this open government innovation,
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一条通往开放政府创新的道路
16:11
towards this open government movement,
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一条通过开放政府运动的道路
16:13
towards this open government revolution.
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一条通往开放政府革命的道路
16:16
So let me close by saying that I think the important thing
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让我以下面这段话结尾：我认为对我们来说
16:18
for us to do is to talk about and demand this revolution.
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最重要的事情是谈论并号召这次革命
16:24
We don't have words, really, to describe it yet.
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我们还没有伟大的作品来描述它。
16:27
Words like equality and fairness and the traditional
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像平等、公平、传统选举、民主等议题都已经有了
16:29
elections, democracy, these are not really great terms yet.
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伟大的作品，但是开放政府还没有。
16:34
They're not fun enough. They're not exciting enough
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它们还不够有趣，还不够激动人心到促使我们
16:36
to get us engaged in this tremendous opportunity
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投入到这一巨大的机会中。
16:40
that awaits us. But I would argue that if we want to see
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但我认为如果我们想要实现
16:43
the kinds of innovations, the hopeful and exciting
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其它的创新，那些在TED听到的
16:46
innovations that we hear talked about here at TED,
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关于洁净能源，教育和发展的
16:49
in clean energy, in clean education,
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充满希望和激情的创新
16:51
in development, if we want to see those adopted
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如果我们想要使这些技术被采纳
16:53
and we want to see those scaled,
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想要这些创新成果被规模化
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we want to see them become the governance of tomorrow,
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想要这些成果成为未来政府的一部分
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then we must all participate,
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那么我们必须人人参与
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then we must get involved.
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我们必须参与其中
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We must open up our institutions, and like the leaf,
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我们必须开放我们的机构，像叶子一样
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we must let the nutrients flow throughout our body politic,
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我们必须让营养完全的流经我们的政治团体
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throughout our culture, to create open institutions
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流经我们的文化，创造开放的机构
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to create a stronger democracy, a better tomorrow.
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创造更稳固的民主和更美好的明天
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Thank you. (Applause)
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谢谢（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Beth Noveck - Open-government expertA lawyer by training and a techie by inclination, Beth Noveck works to build data transparency into government.
Why you should listen
How can our data strengthen our democracies? In her work, Beth Noveck explores what "opengov" really means--not just freeing data from databases, but creating meaningful ways for citizens to collaborate with their governments.
As the US's first Deputy CTO, Beth Noveck founded the White House Open Government Initiative, which developed administration policy on transparency, participation, and collaboration. Among other projects, she designed and built Peer-to-Patent, the U.S. government’s first expert network. She's now working on the design for ORGPedia, a platform for mashing up and visualizing public and crowdsourced data about corporations. Her book The Networked State will appear in 2013.
Must-read: Noveck's 2012 essay Open Data -- The Democratic Imperative.
Beth Noveck | Speaker | TED.com