TEDGlobal 2012
Beth Noveck: Demand a more open-source government
Beth Noveck: Zahtjev za otvorenijom vladom
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Što vlada može naučiti iz revolucije otvorenih podataka? U ovom inspirativnom govoru, Beth Noveck, nekadašnja zamjenica CTO-a u Bijeloj kući, dijeli viziju praktične otvorenosti -- spajanje birokracije i građana, dijeljenje podataka, stvaranja stvarno participativne demokracije. Zamislite "društvo pisanja"...
Beth Noveck - Open-government expert
A lawyer by training and a techie by inclination, Beth Noveck works to build data transparency into government. Full bio
A lawyer by training and a techie by inclination, Beth Noveck works to build data transparency into government. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
So when the White House was built
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Kad je, početkom 19. stoljeća,
00:18
in the early 19th century, it was an open house.
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sagrađena Bijela kuća bila je to
otvorena kuća.
otvorena kuća.
00:21
Neighbors came and went. Under President Adams,
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Susjedi su dolazili i odlazili.
Za predsjednika Adamsa,
Za predsjednika Adamsa,
lokalni zubar se našao u blizini.
00:24
a local dentist happened by.
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00:26
He wanted to shake the President's hand.
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Htio se rukovati s predsjednikom.
00:28
The President dismissed the Secretary of State,
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Predsjednik je prekinuo državnog tajnika
00:30
whom he was conferring with, and asked the dentist
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s kojim je razgovarao i pitao zubara
00:32
if he would remove a tooth.
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bi li mu mogao izvaditi zub.
00:34
Later, in the 1850s, under President Pierce,
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Kasnije, u 1850.-ima,
za predjsednika Pierce-a,
za predjsednika Pierce-a,
00:37
he was known to have remarked
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koji je poznat po tome
00:39
— probably the only thing he's known for —
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-- vjerojatno jedino po čemu je poznat --
00:41
when a neighbor passed by and said, "I'd love to see
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da, kada je susjed prolazio i rekao:
"Volio bih vidjeti
"Volio bih vidjeti
00:44
the beautiful house," and Pierce said to him,
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predivnu kuću.", Pierce mu je uzvratio:
00:46
"Why my dear sir, of course you may come in.
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"Divni čovječe, naravno da smijete ući.
00:49
This isn't my house. It is the people's house."
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Ovo nije moja kuća. Ovo je kuća naroda."
00:53
Well, when I got to the White House in the beginning
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Kada sam došla u Bijelu kuću
00:55
of 2009, at the start of the Obama Administration,
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2009., na početku Obamine administracije,
00:58
the White House was anything but open.
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Bijela kuća je bila sve osim otvorena.
01:01
Bomb blast curtains covered my windows.
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Protueksplozivne zavjese su
pokrivale moje prozore.
pokrivale moje prozore.
01:03
We were running Windows 2000.
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Radili smo na Windowsima 2000.
Društveni mediji su bili
blokirani firewall-om.
blokirani firewall-om.
01:05
Social media were blocked at the firewall.
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01:08
We didn't have a blog, let alone a dozen twitter accounts
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Nismo imali blog,
kamo li desetak Twitter računa
kamo li desetak Twitter računa
01:10
like we have today.
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koje imamo danas.
01:12
I came in to become the head of Open Government,
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Došla sam kako bih bila
na čelu otvorene vlade,
na čelu otvorene vlade,
01:15
to take the values and the practices of transparency,
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koristila vrijednosti i
praksu transparentnosti,
praksu transparentnosti,
01:18
participation and collaboration, and instill them
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sudjelovanja i suradnje, te ih usadila
01:21
into the way that we work, to open up government,
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u način na koji radimo,
kako bih otvorila vladu,
kako bih otvorila vladu,
01:24
to work with people.
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kako bi radila s ljudima.
01:25
Now one of the things that we know
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Jedna od stvari koje znamo
01:28
is that companies are very good at getting people to work
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je da su poduzeća sposobna
omogućiti ljudima da rade
omogućiti ljudima da rade
01:31
together in teams and in networks to make
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zajedno u timovima i mrežama
kako bi napravili
kako bi napravili
01:33
very complex products, like cars and computers,
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vrlo kompleksne proizvode,
poput automobila i računala,
poput automobila i računala,
01:37
and the more complex the products are a society creates,
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a što su proizvodi koje
društvo proizvodi kompleksniji,
društvo proizvodi kompleksniji,
01:41
the more successful the society is over time.
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to je društvo tijekom vremena uspješnije.
01:43
Companies make goods, but governments,
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Poduzeća proizvode dobra, a vlade,
01:46
they make public goods. They work on the cure for cancer
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one proizvode javna dobra.
Rade na lijeku za rak,
Rade na lijeku za rak,
01:49
and educating our children and making roads,
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obrazuju našu djecu i grade ceste,
01:52
but we don't have institutions that are particularly good
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no nemamo institucije
koje su pretjerano dobre
koje su pretjerano dobre
01:56
at this kind of complexity. We don't have institutions
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u ovoj vrsti kompleksnosti.
Nemamo institucije
Nemamo institucije
01:58
that are good at bringing our talents to bear,
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koje su dobre u izgradnji talenata,
02:01
at working with us in this kind of open and collaborative way.
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u radu s nama na ovaj
otvoreni i suradnički način.
otvoreni i suradnički način.
Kada smo htjeli napraviti
plan za otvorenu vladu,
plan za otvorenu vladu,
02:06
So when we wanted to create our Open Government policy,
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što smo napravili?
Htjeli smo, naravno, pitati zaposlenike
Htjeli smo, naravno, pitati zaposlenike
02:08
what did we do? We wanted, naturally, to ask public sector
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02:11
employees how we should open up government.
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javnog sektora kako otvoriti vladu.
02:14
Turns out that had never been done before.
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Ispada da to do tada nismo radili.
02:17
We wanted to ask members of the public to help us
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Htjeli smo pitati javnost da nam pomogne
02:20
come up with a policy, not after the fact, commenting
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da smislimo smjer, ne nakon gotovog čina,
02:23
on a rule after it's written, the way is typically the case,
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što je inače slučaj,
02:26
but in advance. There was no legal precedent,
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već unaprijed.
Nije postojao legalni presedan,
Nije postojao legalni presedan,
02:30
no cultural precedent, no technical way of doing this.
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kulturni presedan ili
tehnički način da učinimo ovo.
tehnički način da učinimo ovo.
02:33
In fact, many people told us it was illegal.
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Ustvari, mnogo nam je
ljudi reklo da je to ilegalno.
ljudi reklo da je to ilegalno.
02:36
Here's the crux of the obstacle.
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Ovo je srž problema.
02:39
Governments exist to channel the flow of two things,
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Vlade postoje da usmjeravaju
tok dvije stvari,
tok dvije stvari,
02:41
really, values and expertise to and from government
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vrijednosti i ekspertizu za i od vlade
02:45
and to and from citizens to the end of making decisions.
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te za i od građana do donošenja odluka.
02:49
But the way that our institutions are designed,
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No način na koji su naše
institucije smišljene,
institucije smišljene,
02:51
in our rather 18th-century, centralized model,
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u našem centraliziranom
modelu iz 18. stoljeća,
modelu iz 18. stoljeća,
je da usmjeravmo tok vrijednosti
kroz glasanje,
kroz glasanje,
02:54
is to channel the flow of values through voting,
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jednom svake četiri godine, jednom svake
dvije godine, u najboljem slučaju,
dvije godine, u najboljem slučaju,
02:58
once every four years, once every two years, at best,
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03:00
once a year. This is a rather anemic and thin way, in this
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jednom godišnje. To je anemičan
i slab način u doba društvenih medija,
i slab način u doba društvenih medija,
03:03
era of social media, for us to actually express our values.
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da izrazimo svoje vrijednosti.
03:07
Today we have technology that lets us express ourselves
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Danas imamo tehnologiju koja nam dopušta
da se izražavamo
da se izražavamo
03:10
a great deal, perhaps a little too much.
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u velikoj mjeri, možda i previše.
03:13
Then in the 19th century, we layer on
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U 19. stoljeću, osmišljavamo
03:15
the concept of bureaucracy and the administrative state
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koncept birokracije i administracije
03:18
to help us govern complex and large societies.
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da nam pomogne upravljati kompleksnim
i velikim društvima.
i velikim društvima.
03:21
But we've centralized these bureaucracies.
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No, centralizirali smo te birokracije.
03:24
We've entrenched them. And we know that
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Zarobili smo ih. I znamo da
03:27
the smartest person always works for someone else.
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najpametnija osoba uvijek
radi za nekoga drugoga.
radi za nekoga drugoga.
03:29
We need to only look around this room to know that
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Trebamo se samo osvrnuti po ovoj sobi kako
bi znali da su
bi znali da su
03:32
expertise and intelligence is widely distributed in society,
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ekspertiza i inteligencija široko
rasprostranjene u društvu,
rasprostranjene u društvu,
03:36
and not limited simply to our institutions.
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a ne ograničene samo na institucije.
03:40
Scientists have been studying in recent years
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Znanstvenici su zadnjih godina istraživali
03:42
the phenomenon that they often describe as flow,
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fenomen koji se često opisuje kao tok,
03:45
that the design of our systems, whether natural or social,
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da dizajn naših sustava,
bilo prirodnih ili društvenih,
bilo prirodnih ili društvenih,
03:48
channel the flow of whatever runs through them.
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usmjerava tok svega što prolazi kroz njih.
03:50
So a river is designed to channel the flow of water,
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Rijeka je dizajnirana da
usmjerava tok vode,
usmjerava tok vode,
03:54
and the lightning bolt that comes out of a cloud channels
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udar munje koja izlazi iz oblaka usmjerava
03:56
the flow of electricity, and a leaf is designed to channel
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tok elektriciteta,
a list je dizajniran da usmjerava
a list je dizajniran da usmjerava
04:00
the flow of nutrients to the tree,
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tok nutrijenata u stablu,
04:02
sometimes even having to route around an obstacle,
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ponekad čak i obilazeći prepreke,
04:05
but to get that nutrition flowing.
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no u svrhu protoka nutrijenata.
04:07
The same can be said for our social systems, for our
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Isto se može reći za naše
društvene sustave,
društvene sustave,
04:10
systems of government, where, at the very least,
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za naše sustave vlada, gdje, u najmanju
ruku,
ruku,
04:12
flow offers us a helpful metaphor for understanding
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tok nam nudi metaforu za shvaćanje
04:15
what the problem is, what's really broken,
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što je problem, što je zapravo slomljeno,
04:18
and the urgent need that we have, that we all feel today,
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i hitna potreba koju svi imamo,
koju svi danas osjećamo,
koju svi danas osjećamo,
04:22
to redesign the flow of our institutions.
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za ponovnim strukturiranjem
toka naših institucija.
toka naših institucija.
04:25
We live in a Cambrian era of big data, of social networks,
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Živimo u kambrijskom dobu
velikih informacija, društvenih mreža,
velikih informacija, društvenih mreža,
04:29
and we have this opportunity to redesign these institutions
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i imamo mogućnost promijeniti institucije
04:34
that are actually quite recent.
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koje su, u stvari, poprilično mlade.
04:37
Think about it: What other business do you know,
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Razmislite: koji drugi posao znate,
04:40
what other sector of the economy, and especially one
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koji drugi sektor ekonomije, posebice one
04:42
as big as the public sector, that doesn't seek to reinvent
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velike poput javnog sektora, koje ne traže
način da ponovno izmisle
način da ponovno izmisle
04:46
its business model on a regular basis?
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svoj poslovni model na svakodnevnoj bazi?
04:49
Sure, we invest plenty in innovation. We invest
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Naravno, mnogo investiramo u inovaciju.
Investiramo
Investiramo
04:52
in broadband and science education and science grants,
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u povezanost i edukaciju i znanost,
04:56
but we invest far too little in reinventing and redesigning
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no premalo investiramo u restrukturiranje
04:59
the institutions that we have.
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institucija koje imamo.
05:02
Now, it's very easy to complain, of course, about
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Vrlo se lako žaliti, naravno, u vezi
05:04
partisan politics and entrenched bureaucracy, and we love
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podijeljene politike i zarobljene
birokracije i volimo se
birokracije i volimo se
05:08
to complain about government. It's a perennial pastime,
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žaliti na vladu.
To je višegodišnja razonoda,
To je višegodišnja razonoda,
05:11
especially around election time, but
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pogotovo u vrijeme izbora, no
05:13
the world is complex. We soon will have 10 billion people,
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svijet je kompleksan. Uskoro ćemo imati
10 milijardi ljudi,
10 milijardi ljudi,
05:17
many of whom will lack basic resources.
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a mnogima od njih će nedostajati
osnovnih resursa.
osnovnih resursa.
05:20
So complain as we might, what actually can replace
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Koliko god se žalili, što zapravo
može zamijeniti
može zamijeniti
05:23
what we have today?
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ono što imamo danas?
05:25
What comes the day after the Arab Spring?
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Što dolazi nakon arapskog proljeća?
05:29
Well, one attractive alternative that obviously presents itself
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Jedna privlačna alternativa
koja se očito pojavljuje
koja se očito pojavljuje
05:33
to us is that of networks. Right? Networks
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je ona o mrežama. Zar ne? Mreže
05:36
like Facebook and Twitter. They're lean. They're mean.
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poput Facebooka i Twittera.
Gladne su i okrutne.
Gladne su i okrutne.
05:39
You've got 3,000 employees at Facebook
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Imate 3.000 zaposlenika u Facebooku
05:41
governing 900 million inhabitants.
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koji upravljaju s 900 milijuna stanovnika.
05:44
We might even call them citizens, because they've recently
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Možemo ih čak nazvati i građanima,
jer su nedavno
jer su nedavno
05:47
risen up to fight against legislative incursion,
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ustali kako bi se borili protiv
zakonodavnog prepada,
zakonodavnog prepada,
05:50
and the citizens of these networks work together
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te građani ovih mreža rade zajedno
05:53
to serve each other in great ways.
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kako bi se međusobno
pomagali na sjajne načine.
pomagali na sjajne načine.
05:56
But private communities, private, corporate,
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No, privatne zajednice, privatne,
korporativne,
korporativne,
05:59
privatizing communities, are not bottom-up democracies.
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privatizirajuće zajednice
nisu demokracije.
nisu demokracije.
06:02
They cannot replace government.
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Ne mogu zamijeniti vlade.
06:04
Friending someone on Facebook is not complex enough
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Postati nečiji prijatelj na Facebooku
nije dovoljno kompleksno
nije dovoljno kompleksno
06:07
to do the hard work of you and I collaborating
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da bi zamijenilo teški rad međusobne
06:10
with each other and doing the hard work of governance.
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suradnje i teški rad upravljanja.
06:14
But social media do teach us something.
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No, društveni mediji nas uče nečemu.
06:17
Why is Twitter so successful? Because it opens up its platform.
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Zašto je Twitter toliko uspješan?
Jer otvara svoju platformu.
Jer otvara svoju platformu.
06:21
It opens up the API to allow hundreds of thousands
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Otvara svoje API i dozvoljava
stotinama tisuća
stotinama tisuća
06:24
of new applications to be built on top of it, so that we can
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novih aplikacija da budu izgrađene povrh,
kako bismo mogli
kako bismo mogli
06:27
read and process information in new and exciting ways.
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čitati i obrađivati informacije na nove
i uzbudljive načine.
i uzbudljive načine.
06:32
We need to think about how to open up the API
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Moramo razmišljati kako
otvoriti vladin API
otvoriti vladin API
06:34
of government, and the way that we're going to do that,
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i način na koji ćemo to napraviti,
06:38
the next great superpower is going to be the one
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sljedeća velika supersila će biti ona
06:41
who can successfully combine the hierarchy of institution --
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koja će uspješno spojiti
hijerarhiju institucija --
hijerarhiju institucija --
06:47
because we have to maintain those public values,
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jer moramo održati javne vrijednosti,
06:50
we have to coordinate the flow -- but with the diversity
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moramo koordinirati tok --
s raznolikošću,
s raznolikošću,
06:53
and the pulsating life and the chaos and the excitement
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pulsirajućim životom, kaosom i uzbuđenjem
06:55
of networks, all of us working together to build
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mreža, u kojima svi radimo na novim
06:58
these new innovations on top of our institutions,
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inovacijama povrh naših institucija,
07:02
to engage in the practice of governance.
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kako bismo pristupili praksi upravljanja.
07:04
We have a precedent for this. Good old Henry II here,
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Imamo presedan za ovo.
Dobri je stari Henrik II.
Dobri je stari Henrik II.
07:07
in the 12th century, invented the jury.
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u 12. stoljeću uveo porotu.
07:11
Powerful, practical, palpable model for handing power
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Moćan, praktičan, opipljiv model
za prijenos moći
za prijenos moći
07:16
from government to citizens.
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s vlade na građane.
07:18
Today we have the opportunity, and we have
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Danas imamo mogućnost i imamo
07:22
the imperative, to create thousands of new ways
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imperativ da stvorimo tisuće novih načina
07:25
of interconnecting between networks and institutions,
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međupovezivanja mreža i institucija,
07:28
thousands of new kinds of juries: the citizen jury,
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tisuće novih vrsta porote:
građanska porota,
građanska porota,
07:31
the Carrotmob, the hackathon, we are just beginning
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Carrotmob, hackaton, tek počinjemo
07:35
to invent the models by which we can cocreate
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smišljati modele kojim možemo sukreirati
07:38
the process of governance.
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proces uprave.
07:40
Now, we don't fully have a picture of what this will look like
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Nemamo još cijelu sliku
kako će to izgledati
kako će to izgledati
07:42
yet, but we're seeing pockets of evolution
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no vidimo tragove evolucije
07:45
emerging all around us -- maybe not even evolution,
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kako nastaju posvuda oko nas --
možda čak ne ni evolucije,
možda čak ne ni evolucije,
07:48
I'd even start to call it a revolution -- in the way that we govern.
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to bih čak nazvala revolucijom --
u načinu na koji upravljamo.
u načinu na koji upravljamo.
Dio toga je vrlo visoka tehnologija,
07:52
Some of it's very high-tech,
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07:53
and some of it is extremely low-tech,
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dio toga je iznimno niska tehnologija,
07:55
such as the project that MKSS is running in Rajasthan,
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poput projekta koji
MKSS vodi u Rajasthanu,
MKSS vodi u Rajasthanu,
07:58
India, where they take the spending data of the state
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Indiji, gdje podatke o potrošnji države
08:02
and paint it on 100,000 village walls,
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nacrtaju na 100.000 seoskih zidova
08:05
and then invite the villagers to come and comment
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te pozovu seljake da dođu i komentiraju
08:08
who is on the government payroll, who's actually died,
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tko je na vladinoj plaći,
tko je zapravo umro,
tko je zapravo umro,
08:10
what are the bridges that have been built to nowhere,
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koji su to mostovi izgrađeni prema nigdje,
08:13
and to work together through civic engagement to save
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i da rade zajedno kroz građansku
uključenost da sačuvaju
uključenost da sačuvaju
08:15
real money and participate and have access to that budget.
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stvaran novac, sudjeluju i imaju
pristup tom budžetu.
pristup tom budžetu.
08:19
But it's not just about policing government.
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No, ne radi se samo o
mijenjanju politike vlade.
mijenjanju politike vlade.
08:21
It's also about creating government.
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Radi se i o stvaranju vlade.
08:23
Spacehive in the U.K. is engaging in crowd-funding,
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Spacehive u UK pristupa crowdfundingom,
08:26
getting you and me to raise the money to build
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pozivajući vas i mene da
skupimo novac za stvaranje
skupimo novac za stvaranje
08:29
the goalposts and the park benches that will actually
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stativa i klupa u parkovima
koje će nam zapravo
koje će nam zapravo
08:32
allow us to deliver better services in our communities.
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dopustiti da donesemo bolju
uslugu u našim zajednicama.
uslugu u našim zajednicama.
08:35
No one is better at this activity of actually getting us
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Nitko zapravo nije bolji u aktivnosti
okupljanja nas
okupljanja nas
08:39
to engage in delivering services,
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u obavljanju usluge,
08:42
sometimes where none exist, than Ushahidi.
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ponekad gdje one ne postoje,
nego Ushahidi.
nego Ushahidi.
08:45
Created after the post-election riots in Kenya in 2008,
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Stvoren nakon postizbornih
pobuna u Keniji 2008.,
pobuna u Keniji 2008.,
08:49
this crisis-mapping website and community is actually able
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ova stranica i zajednica
za mapiranje kriza je zapravo u mogućnosti
za mapiranje kriza je zapravo u mogućnosti
08:53
to crowdsource and target the delivery of
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prikupljati informacije od
javnosti i usmjeravati
javnosti i usmjeravati
08:56
better rescue services to people trapped under the rubble,
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kvalitetniju službu spašavanja ljudima
zarobljenim pod ruševinama,
zarobljenim pod ruševinama,
08:59
whether it's after the earthquakes in Haiti,
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bilo nakon potresa na Haitiju,
09:02
or more recently in Italy.
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ili nedavno u Italiji.
09:04
And the Red Cross too is training volunteers and Twitter
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Crveni križ trenira volontere, a Twitter
09:07
is certifying them, not simply to supplement existing
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ih ovjerava, ne samo da upotpune postojeće
09:10
government institutions, but in many cases, to replace them.
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vladine institucije, već u mnogo slučajeva
i da ih zamjene.
i da ih zamjene.
09:14
Now what we're seeing lots of examples of, obviously,
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Svjedoci smo mnogo primjera, očito,
09:17
is the opening up of government data,
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otvaranja vladinih podataka,
09:19
not enough examples of this yet, but we're starting
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još uvijek nedovoljno, no počinjemo
09:22
to see this practice of people creating and generating
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vidjeti praksu među ljudima kako
stvaraju i generiraju
stvaraju i generiraju
09:25
innovative applications on top of government data.
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inovativne aplikacije na temelju
vladinih podataka.
vladinih podataka.
09:29
There's so many examples I could have picked, and I
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Postoji toliko primjera
koje sam mogla odabrati,
koje sam mogla odabrati,
09:31
selected this one of Jon Bon Jovi. Some of you
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no izabrala sam ovaj Jon Bon Jovija.
Neki od vas
Neki od vas
09:34
may or may not know that he runs a soup kitchen
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možda znaju da vodi jušnu kuhinju
09:37
in New Jersey, where he caters to and serves the homeless
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u New Jerseyu, gdje poslužuje beskućnike
09:39
and particularly homeless veterans.
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i posebice veterane beskućnike.
09:41
In February, he approached the White House, and said,
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U veljači je pristupio Bijeloj
kući i rekao:
kući i rekao:
09:44
"I would like to fund a prize to create scalable national
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"Volio bih financirati nagradu da stvorimo
mjerljive nacionalne
mjerljive nacionalne
09:48
applications, apps, that will help not only the homeless
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aplikacije koje će pomoći beskućnicima
09:51
but those who deliver services [to] them to do so better."
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i onima koji im pomažu da to rade bolje."
09:55
February 2012 to June of 2012,
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Od veljače do lipnja 2012.,
09:58
the finalists are announced in the competition.
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objavljeni su finalisti natjecanja.
10:01
Can you imagine, in the bureaucratic world of yesteryear,
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Možete li zamisliti u birokratskom svijetu
prošlih godina
prošlih godina
10:04
getting anything done in a four-month period of time?
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da se išta obavi u razdoblju od 4 mjeseca?
10:07
You can barely fill out the forms in that amount of time,
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Teško možete ispuniti formulare
u tom vremenu,
u tom vremenu,
10:09
let alone generate real, palpable innovations
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a ne proizvesti stvarne,
opipljive inovacije
opipljive inovacije
10:12
that improve people's lives.
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koje poboljšavaju ljudske živote.
10:14
And I want to be clear to mention that this open government
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Želim da bude jasno da ova
revolucija otvorene vlade
revolucija otvorene vlade
10:17
revolution is not about privatizing government,
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nije o privatizaciji vlade,
10:21
because in many cases what it can do when we have
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jer u mnogim slučajevima,
ono što možemo napraviti,
ono što možemo napraviti,
10:23
the will to do so is to deliver more progressive
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kad postoji volja, je stvarati
progresivniju
progresivniju
10:27
and better policy than the regulations and the legislative
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i bolju politiku od postojećih
regulacija, zakonodavne
regulacija, zakonodavne
10:31
and litigation-oriented strategies
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i sudski orijentirane strategije
10:34
by which we make policy today.
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po kojima usmjeravamo današnju politiku.
10:36
In the State of Texas, they regulate 515 professions,
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U Texasu reguliraju 515 zanimanja,
10:40
from well-driller to florist.
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od kopača bunara do cvjećara.
10:42
Now, you can carry a gun into a church in Dallas,
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U Dallasu možete nositi oružje u crkvu,
10:45
but do not make a flower arrangement without a license,
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no nemojte izraditi aranžman cvijeća bez
dozvole,
dozvole,
10:48
because that will land you in jail.
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jer ćete završiti u zatvoru.
10:51
So what is Texas doing? They're asking you and me,
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Što onda radi Texas? Pitaju vas i mene,
10:55
using online policy wikis, to help not simply get rid of
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koristeći online ankete, da bi pomogli
ne samo riješiti se
ne samo riješiti se
10:59
burdensome regulations that impede entrepreneurship,
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regulacija koje ometaju poduzetništvo,
11:03
but to replace those regulations with more innovative
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2999
već da zamijene te regulacije
s inovativnijim
s inovativnijim
11:06
alternatives, sometimes using transparency in the creation
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2864
alternativama, koristeći
transparentnost u stvaranju
transparentnost u stvaranju
11:09
of new iPhone apps that will allows us
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653133
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novih aplikacija za iPhone koje
će nam omogućiti
će nam omogućiti
11:11
both to protect consumers and the public
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zaštitu i potrošača i javnosti
11:13
and to encourage economic development.
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i ohrabriti ekonomski razvoj.
11:16
That is a nice sideline of open government.
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To je lijep usputni proizvod
otvorene vlade.
otvorene vlade.
11:19
It's not only the benefits that we've talked about with regard
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Ne radi se samo o povlasticama
u svrhu razvoja.
u svrhu razvoja.
11:22
to development. It's the economic benefits and the
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Radi se i o ekonomskim povlasticama i
11:26
job creation that's coming from this open innovation work.
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stvaranju poslova koji dolaze iz
otvorenog inovativnog pristupa.
otvorenog inovativnog pristupa.
11:30
Sberbank, the largest and oldest bank in Russia,
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Sberbank, najveća i
najstarija banka u Rusiji,
najstarija banka u Rusiji,
11:33
largely owned by the Russian government,
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1800
većinom u vlasništvu ruske vlade,
11:35
has started practicing crowdsourcing, engaging
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je počela prakticirati crowdsourcing,
pridobivati svoje
pridobivati svoje
11:38
its employees and citizens in the public in developing innovations.
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zaposlenike i građane za
razvoj inovacija.
razvoj inovacija.
11:41
Last year they saved a billion dollars, 30 billion rubles,
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Prošle godine su uštedjeli milijardu
dolara, 30 milijardi rubalja,
dolara, 30 milijardi rubalja,
11:46
from open innovation, and they're pushing radically
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temeljem otvorenih inovacija i radikalno
se trude
se trude
11:48
the extension of crowdsourcing, not only from banking,
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proširiti crowdsourcing, ne samo na banke,
11:51
but into the public sector.
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već i na javni sektor.
11:53
And we see lots of examples of these innovators using
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Vidimo mnogo primjera inovatora
koji koriste
koji koriste
11:56
open government data, not simply to make apps,
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podatke otvorene vlade,
ne samo da rade aplikacije,
ne samo da rade aplikacije,
11:59
but then to make companies and to hire people
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već da osnivaju poduzeća
i zapošljavaju ljude
i zapošljavaju ljude
12:01
to build them working with the government.
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da ih grade u suradnji s vladom.
12:03
So a lot of these innovations are local.
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Mnogo ovih inovacija je lokalno.
12:05
In San Ramon, California, they published an iPhone app
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U San Ramonu, Kalifornija, objavili su
aplikaciju za iPhone
aplikaciju za iPhone
12:08
in which they allow you or me to say we are certified
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u kojoj dopuštaju da kažemo da smo
certificirani
certificirani
12:12
CPR-trained, and then when someone has a heart attack,
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za oživljavanje,
te kada netko ima srčani udar,
te kada netko ima srčani udar,
12:15
a notification goes out so that you
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dolazi vam obavijest
12:18
can rush over to the person over here and deliver CPR.
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kako bi mogli dotrčati i
primjeniti oživljavanje.
primjeniti oživljavanje.
12:22
The victim who receives bystander CPR
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Žrtva koja prima oživljavanje ima dva puta
12:24
is more than twice as likely to survive.
245
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veće šanse da preživi.
12:26
"There is a hero in all of us," is their slogan.
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"Postoji junak u svima nama" im je slogan.
12:30
But it's not limited to the local.
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No, nije ograničeno samo na lokalno.
12:33
British Columbia, Canada, is publishing a catalogue
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Britanska Kolumbija, Kanada,
objavljuje katalog
objavljuje katalog
12:35
of all the ways that its residents and citizens can engage
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načina na koji građani mogu pristupiti
12:38
with the state in the cocreation of governance.
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državi u svrhu sukreacije uprave.
12:42
Let me be very clear,
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Dopustite mi da budem vrlo jasna,
12:45
and perhaps controversial,
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možda i kontroverzna,
12:47
that open government is not
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2789
da otvorena vlada nije
12:49
about transparent government.
254
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1973
transparentna vlada.
12:51
Simply throwing data over the transom doesn't change
255
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Prebacivanje podataka preko plota
ne mijenja
ne mijenja
12:54
how government works.
256
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način na koji vlada radi.
12:56
It doesn't get anybody to do anything with that data
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Ne dovodi nikoga niti išta do toga da te
podatke
podatke
12:58
to change lives, to solve problems, and it doesn't change
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3709
koristi za mijenjanje života,
rješavanje problema, i ne mijenja
rješavanje problema, i ne mijenja
13:02
government.
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vladu.
13:03
What it does is it creates an adversarial relationship
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Stvara suparničku vezu
13:06
between civil society and government
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između društva i vlade
13:08
over the control and ownership of information.
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zbog kontrole i vlasništva
nad informacijama.
nad informacijama.
13:11
And transparency, by itself, is not reducing the flow
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2584
Transparentnost, sama po sebi,
nije smanjivanje toka
nije smanjivanje toka
13:14
of money into politics, and arguably,
264
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novca u politiku,
13:16
it's not even producing accountability as well as it might
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niti proizvodi odgovornost kako bi mogla
13:19
if we took the next step of combining participation and
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3463
ako pristupimo sljedećem koraku u spajanju
participacije
participacije
13:22
collaboration with transparency to transform how we work.
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i suradnje s transparentnošću,
promijeniti način rada.
promijeniti način rada.
13:26
We're going to see this evolution really in two phases,
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2737
Vidjet ćemo ovu evoluciju
u dvije faze, rekla bih.
u dvije faze, rekla bih.
13:29
I think. The first phase of the open government revolution
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3289
Prva faza je revolucija otvorene vlade
13:32
is delivering better information from the crowd
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3776
koja donosi bolje informacije od ljudi
13:36
into the center.
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1394
u centar.
13:38
Starting in 2005, and this is how this open government
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2947
Počevši u 2005., a na ovaj način je
rad otvorene vlade u SAD-u
rad otvorene vlade u SAD-u
13:40
work in the U.S. really got started,
273
805064
1954
zapravo počeo,
13:42
I was teaching a patent law class to my students and
274
807018
2256
predavala sam patentsko
pravo mojim studentima
pravo mojim studentima
13:45
explaining to them how a single person in the bureaucracy
275
809274
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i objašnjavala im kako jedna
osoba u birokraciji
osoba u birokraciji
13:48
has the power to make a decision
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2131
ima moć napraviti odluku
13:51
about which patent application becomes the next patent,
277
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4485
koja će prijavu za patent
pretvoriti u sljedeći patent,
pretvoriti u sljedeći patent,
13:55
and therefore monopolizes for 20 years the rights
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2742
i tako monopolizirati prava na
sljedećih 20 godina
sljedećih 20 godina
13:58
over an entire field of inventive activity.
279
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3007
kroz cijelo područje
inovativne aktivnosti.
inovativne aktivnosti.
14:01
Well, what did we do? We said, we can make a website,
280
825410
2912
Što smo učinili? Rekli smo,
možemo napraviti web stranicu,
možemo napraviti web stranicu,
14:04
we can make an expert network, a social network,
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2393
možemo napraviti stručnu mrežu,
društvenu mrežu,
društvenu mrežu,
14:06
that would connect the network to the institution
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2272
koja će spajati mrežu s institucijom
14:08
to allow scientists and technologists to get
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2381
koja će omogućiti znanstvenicima da dođu
14:11
better information to the patent office
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2635
do boljih informacija iz ureda za patente
14:13
to aid in making those decisions.
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2463
kako bi pomogli u donošenju odluka.
14:16
We piloted the work in the U.S. and the U.K. and Japan
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2632
Pokrenuli smo ovaj projekt
u SAD-u, UK, Japanu,
u SAD-u, UK, Japanu,
14:18
and Australia, and now I'm pleased to report
287
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2793
i Australiji i sada mi je drago
što mogu reći da će
što mogu reći da će
14:21
that the United States Patent Office will be rolling out
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845891
2256
ured za patente SAD-a
14:24
universal, complete, and total openness,
289
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4465
krenuti s univerzalnom,
potpunom otvorenošću
potpunom otvorenošću
14:28
so that all patent applications will now be open
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852612
3046
tako da će sve prijave za
patente biti otvorene
patente biti otvorene
14:31
for citizen participation, beginning this year.
291
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3668
za građansko sudjelovanje,
počevši ove godine.
počevši ove godine.
14:35
The second phase of this evolution — Yeah. (Applause)
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2936
Druga faza ove evolucije -- Da. (Pljesak)
14:38
They deserve a hand. (Applause)
293
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2953
Zaslužuju pomoć. (Pljesak)
14:41
The first phase is in getting better information in.
294
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2535
Prva faza je donošenje boljih informacija.
14:43
The second phase is in getting decision-making power out.
295
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3857
Druga faza je isključivanje
donošenja odluka.
donošenja odluka.
14:47
Participatory budgeting has long been practiced
296
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2615
Naknada za sudjelovanje je već
dugo u praksi
dugo u praksi
14:50
in Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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u Portu Alegre, Brazil.
14:51
They're just starting it in the 49th Ward in Chicago.
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Tek ga počinju u 49-oj
izbornoj jedinici u Chicagu.
izbornoj jedinici u Chicagu.
14:54
Russia is using wikis to get citizens writing law together,
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Rusija koristi wikije da pišu zakone
zajedno sa svojim građanima,
zajedno sa svojim građanima,
14:58
as is Lithuania. When we start to see
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kao i Litva. Kada počnemo viđati
15:00
power over the core functions of government
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moć nad osnovnim vladinim funkcijama
15:02
— spending, legislation, decision-making —
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-- trošenje, zakonodavstvo,
donošenje odluka --
donošenje odluka --
15:06
then we're well on our way to an open government revolution.
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tada smo na dobrom putu prema
revoluciji otvorene vlade.
revoluciji otvorene vlade.
15:10
There are many things that we can do to get us there.
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Postoje mnoge stvari koje možemo
napraviti da dođemo do tamo.
napraviti da dođemo do tamo.
15:14
Obviously opening up the data is one,
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Otvaranje podataka je očito
jedan od načina,
jedan od načina,
15:16
but the important thing is to create lots more --
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no važna stvar je stvoriti mnogo više --
15:19
create and curate -- lots more participatory opportunities.
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stvoriti i nadgledati --
mnogo drugih prilika za sudjelovanje.
mnogo drugih prilika za sudjelovanje.
15:23
Hackathons and mashathons and working with data
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Hackatoni i mashatoni i rad s podacima
15:26
to build apps is an intelligible way for people to engage
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za stvaranje aplikacija je
pametan način za privlačenje ljudi
pametan način za privlačenje ljudi
15:29
and participate, like the jury is,
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da sujeluju, kao što je i porota,
15:32
but we're going to need lots more things like it.
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no trebat ćemo mnogo stvari poput ovih.
15:35
And that's why we need to start with our youngest people.
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To je razlog da krenemo od
naših najmlađih.
naših najmlađih.
15:40
We've heard talk here at TED about people
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Čuli smo ovdje na TED-u o ljudima
15:42
biohacking and hacking their plants with Arduino,
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koji biohakiraju svoje biljke s Arduinom,
15:46
and Mozilla is doing work around the world in getting
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a Mozilla obavlja posao po cijelom svijetu
15:49
young people to build websites and make videos.
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kako bi pridobila mlade da
rade web stranice i videe.
rade web stranice i videe.
15:53
When we start by teaching young people that we live,
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Kada naučimo svoje najmlađe da živimo,
15:55
not in a passive society, a read-only society,
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ne u pasivnom društvu,
15:59
but in a writable society, where we have the power
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već u aktivnom, gdje imamo moć
16:01
to change our communities, to change our institutions,
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mijenjati zajednice, institucije,
16:05
that's when we begin to really put ourselves on the pathway
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tada stvarno krećemo prema
16:08
towards this open government innovation,
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inovaciji otvorene vlade,
16:11
towards this open government movement,
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pokretu otvorene vlade,
16:13
towards this open government revolution.
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revoluciji otvorene vlade.
16:16
So let me close by saying that I think the important thing
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Zaključit ću time da mislim
da je važna stvar
da je važna stvar
16:18
for us to do is to talk about and demand this revolution.
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za nas da pričamo o,
i zatražimo ovu revoluciju.
i zatražimo ovu revoluciju.
16:24
We don't have words, really, to describe it yet.
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Nemamo još riječi da ju opišemo.
16:27
Words like equality and fairness and the traditional
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Riječi poput jednakosti, pravednosti,
tradicionalnih
tradicionalnih
16:29
elections, democracy, these are not really great terms yet.
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izbora, demokracije,
nisu još sjajni pojmovi.
nisu još sjajni pojmovi.
16:34
They're not fun enough. They're not exciting enough
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Nisu dovoljno zabavni i uzbudljivi
16:36
to get us engaged in this tremendous opportunity
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da nas privuku u ovu izvrsnu
priliku koja nas čeka.
priliku koja nas čeka.
16:40
that awaits us. But I would argue that if we want to see
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No, rekla bih da ako želimo vidjeti
vrste inovacija,
vrste inovacija,
16:43
the kinds of innovations, the hopeful and exciting
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pune nade i uzbudljive
16:46
innovations that we hear talked about here at TED,
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vrste inovacija o kojima
slušamo ovdje na TED-u,
slušamo ovdje na TED-u,
16:49
in clean energy, in clean education,
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u čistoj energiji, čistom obrazovanju,
16:51
in development, if we want to see those adopted
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u razvoju, ako želimo vidjeti
da su prihvaćene
da su prihvaćene
16:53
and we want to see those scaled,
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u dobrom omjeru,
16:56
we want to see them become the governance of tomorrow,
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želimo da postanu uprava sutrašnjice,
16:58
then we must all participate,
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onda svi moramo sudjelovati,
17:00
then we must get involved.
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svi se moramo uključiti.
17:02
We must open up our institutions, and like the leaf,
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Moramo otvoriti svoje
institucije i kao list,
institucije i kao list,
17:05
we must let the nutrients flow throughout our body politic,
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moramo dopustiti da nutrijenti teku
kroz naše političko tijelo,
kroz naše političko tijelo,
17:09
throughout our culture, to create open institutions
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našu kulturu, da bi stvorili
otvorene institucije
otvorene institucije
17:12
to create a stronger democracy, a better tomorrow.
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i stvorili snažniju demokraciju,
za bolje sutra.
za bolje sutra.
17:15
Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala vam. (Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Beth Noveck - Open-government expertA lawyer by training and a techie by inclination, Beth Noveck works to build data transparency into government.
Why you should listen
How can our data strengthen our democracies? In her work, Beth Noveck explores what "opengov" really means--not just freeing data from databases, but creating meaningful ways for citizens to collaborate with their governments.
As the US's first Deputy CTO, Beth Noveck founded the White House Open Government Initiative, which developed administration policy on transparency, participation, and collaboration. Among other projects, she designed and built Peer-to-Patent, the U.S. government’s first expert network. She's now working on the design for ORGPedia, a platform for mashing up and visualizing public and crowdsourced data about corporations. Her book The Networked State will appear in 2013.
Must-read: Noveck's 2012 essay Open Data -- The Democratic Imperative.
Beth Noveck | Speaker | TED.com