TEDNYC
Lara Setrakian: 3 ways to fix a broken news industry
劳拉·塞特拉基安: 三个方法补救衰败的新闻业
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新闻业的问题很大。媒体公信力创历史新低；记者及企业家劳拉·塞特拉基安说，我们被煽情的故事淹没了，很少有一致、高质量的报告。 她分享了三种方式来修补新闻业缺失的部分，并使我们这个时代的复杂问题变得更容易理解。
Lara Setrakian - Journalist
Lara Setrakian is building innovative news platforms that stand ready to engage and explain the complexity of our world. Full bio
Lara Setrakian is building innovative news platforms that stand ready to engage and explain the complexity of our world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Five years ago, I had my dream job.
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五年前，我找到了自己的理想工作。
我为美国广播公司新闻部
00:16
I was a foreign correspondent
in the Middle East
in the Middle East
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做外派中东的记者。
00:19
reporting for ABC News.
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但我发现事情有些不对劲，
00:21
But there was a crack in the wall,
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我们的行业出了问题，
00:23
a problem with our industry,
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让我感觉必须要修正的问题。
00:25
that I felt we needed to fix.
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00:28
You see, I got to the Middle East
right around the end of 2007,
right around the end of 2007,
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我在2007年底到达了中东，
那时的伊拉克战争
00:32
which was just around the midpoint
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正打到一半。
00:35
of the Iraq War.
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但我到中东之前，在广播里
00:36
But by the time I got there,
it was already nearly impossible
it was already nearly impossible
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00:40
to find stories about Iraq on air.
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已经很难找到关于伊拉克的新闻了。
所有电视网络报道中
00:43
Coverage had dropped across the board,
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伊拉克的新闻都在减少。
00:45
across networks.
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在获准发布的新闻中，
00:47
And of the stories that did make it,
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80%以上说的是我们自己。
00:49
more than 80 percent
of them were about us.
of them were about us.
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我们失去了伊拉克的新闻，
00:52
We were missing the stories about Iraq,
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当地居民的新闻，
00:55
the people who live there,
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以及战争影响下的居民
所发生的故事。
所发生的故事。
00:57
and what was happening to them
under the weight of the war.
under the weight of the war.
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01:01
Afghanistan had already
fallen off the agenda.
fallen off the agenda.
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阿富汗早就在新闻中消失了。
在2008年的所有新闻中，
01:04
There were less than one percent
of all news stories in 2008
of all news stories in 2008
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阿富汗战争占据不到1%。
01:08
that went to the war in Afghanistan.
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那是美国历史上历时最长的战争，
01:10
It was the longest war in US history,
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但是相关信息却那么稀少，
01:13
but information was so scarce
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01:15
that schoolteachers we spoke to
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以至于学校的老师对我们说，
他们很难向学生们解释我们究竟
01:17
told us they had trouble
explaining to their students
explaining to their students
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在那里做了些什么。
01:21
what we were doing there,
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而那些学生中有些人的父母
01:22
when those students had parents
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正在海外奋战或面临牺牲。
01:24
who were fighting
and sometimes dying overseas.
and sometimes dying overseas.
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01:29
We had drawn a blank,
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我们留下了一片空白，
而且不只是伊拉克和阿富汗。
01:30
and it wasn't just Iraq and Afghanistan.
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从冲突地区到气候变化
01:33
From conflict zones to climate change
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再到涉及公共卫生危机的各种问题，
01:36
to all sorts of issues
around crises in public health,
around crises in public health,
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我们缺失了我称为
”物种级别问题”的报道，
”物种级别问题”的报道，
01:40
we were missing what I call
the species-level issues,
the species-level issues,
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因为作为一个物种，
这些问题会让我们崩溃。
这些问题会让我们崩溃。
01:44
because as a species,
they could actually sink us.
they could actually sink us.
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01:47
And by failing to understand
the complex issues of our time,
the complex issues of our time,
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如果不能理解我们
这个时代的复杂问题，
这个时代的复杂问题，
我们就要面对某些实际影响。
01:52
we were facing certain
practical implications.
practical implications.
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我们怎么能解决问题，
01:55
How were we going to solve problems
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如果没有从根本上了解问题、
01:57
that we didn't fundamentally understand,
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不能实时跟踪问题，
01:59
that we couldn't track in real time,
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而那些在解决问题的人
02:02
and where the people working on the issues
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并不为我们所见、
02:04
were invisible to us
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02:05
and sometimes invisible to each other?
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并且有时互相也不可见？
02:09
When you look back on Iraq,
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回头看看伊拉克，
我们缺失新闻故事的那些年
02:11
those years when we
were missing the story,
were missing the story,
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正是社会分崩离析的时期，
02:15
were the years when the society
was falling apart,
was falling apart,
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02:17
when we were setting the conditions
for what would become the rise of ISIS,
for what would become the rise of ISIS,
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是我们提供的条件
导致伊斯兰国崛起、
导致伊斯兰国崛起、
伊斯兰国得以占领摩苏尔、
02:21
the ISIS takeover of Mosul
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恐怖暴力蔓延到
02:24
and terrorist violence that would spread
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伊拉克边境以外的世界各地的时期。
02:26
beyond Iraq's borders
to the rest of the world.
to the rest of the world.
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就在那段时间，我在观察，
02:29
Just around that time
where I was making that observation,
where I was making that observation,
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我望向伊拉克边境的另一侧，
02:33
I looked across the border of Iraq
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发现我们正在错过的另一件事：
02:34
and noticed there was another
story we were missing:
story we were missing:
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叙利亚内战。
02:38
the war in Syria.
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如果你是中东问题专家，
你一定知道叙利亚从一开始
你一定知道叙利亚从一开始
02:39
If you were a Middle-East specialist,
you knew that Syria was that important
you knew that Syria was that important
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02:44
from the start.
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就相当重要。
但最终只是变成
02:45
But it ended up being, really,
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“阿拉伯之春”中被遗忘的故事之一。
02:47
one of the forgotten stories
of the Arab Spring.
of the Arab Spring.
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我亲眼目睹了这一切带来的影响。
02:50
I saw the implications up front.
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叙利亚与地区安全、全球稳定
02:54
Syria is intimately tied
to regional security,
to regional security,
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密切相关。
02:57
to global stability.
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我觉得我们不能让这
02:59
I felt like we couldn't let that become
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成为另一个被我们遗忘的故事。
03:01
another one of the stories we left behind.
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所以我辞掉光鲜的电视工作，
创办了“深入叙利亚”新闻网。
创办了“深入叙利亚”新闻网。
03:04
So I left my big TV job to start
a website, called "Syria Deeply."
a website, called "Syria Deeply."
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网站的主旨是作为新闻和信息来源，
03:10
It was designed to be a news
and information source
and information source
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03:13
that made it easier to understand
a complex issue,
a complex issue,
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使复杂的问题更容易理解。
在过去四年中，它已经成为
03:16
and for the past four years,
it's been a resource
it's been a resource
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03:18
for policymakers and professionals
working on the conflict in Syria.
working on the conflict in Syria.
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在叙利亚处理冲突的
政策制定者和专业人士的资源。
政策制定者和专业人士的资源。
03:23
We built a business model
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我们建立的商业模式
03:25
based on consistent,
high-quality information,
high-quality information,
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基于稳定、高品质的信息，
并就这个问题汇集顶尖思想。
03:28
and convening the top minds on the issue.
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03:32
And we found it was a model that scaled.
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我们发现这个模式可以进一步拓展。
有人热切请求我们
“深入”地探讨其他问题。
“深入”地探讨其他问题。
03:35
We got passionate requests
to do other things "Deeply."
to do other things "Deeply."
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所以我们开始投入
对一系列问题的深入报道。
对一系列问题的深入报道。
03:39
So we started to work our way
down the list.
down the list.
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03:43
I'm just one of many entrepreneurs,
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我和众多企业家一样，
我们与很多初创企业一样，
03:46
and we are just one of many start-ups
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试图修补新闻业的错误。
03:48
trying to fix what's wrong with news.
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我们在前线工作的人都知道
03:51
All of us in the trenches know
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03:53
that something is wrong
with the news industry.
with the news industry.
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新闻行业出现了一些问题。
03:56
It's broken.
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这个行业衰败了。
媒体公信力已是历史最低点。
03:58
Trust in the media
has hit an all-time low.
has hit an all-time low.
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你看到的这个统计数字是9月的，
04:01
And the statistic you're seeing up there
is from September --
is from September --
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现在恐怕更糟。
04:05
it's arguably gotten worse.
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04:08
But we can fix this.
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但我们可以补救。
我们可以修正新闻业。
04:09
We can fix the news.
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我知道，这一定行。
04:12
I know that that's true.
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你可以叫我理想主义者，
而我称自己是勤奋的乐观主义者。
而我称自己是勤奋的乐观主义者。
04:14
You can call me an idealist;
I call myself an industrious optimist.
I call myself an industrious optimist.
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我知道像我一样的人还有很多。
04:19
And I know there are
a lot of us out there.
a lot of us out there.
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我们有办法让使事情变得更好，
04:21
We have ideas for how
to make things better,
to make things better,
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我想分享我们在自己的工作中
找到的三个办法。
找到的三个办法。
04:24
and I want to share three of them
that we've picked up in our own work.
that we've picked up in our own work.
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办法一：
04:28
Idea number one:
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我们需要建立在深入专业知识
基础上的新闻。
基础上的新闻。
04:30
we need news that's built
on deep-domain knowledge.
on deep-domain knowledge.
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鉴于全国各地新闻编辑部
此起彼伏的裁员浪潮，
此起彼伏的裁员浪潮，
04:34
Given the waves and waves of layoffs
at newsrooms across the country,
at newsrooms across the country,
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我们已经失去了专题报道领域。
04:38
we've lost the art of specialization.
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专题报道濒临灭绝。
04:40
Beat reporting is an endangered thing.
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对于外国新闻来说，
04:43
When it comes to foreign news,
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我们可以与更多当地记者合作
来解决这个问题，
来解决这个问题，
04:45
the way we can fix that
is by working with more local journalists,
is by working with more local journalists,
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视他们为合作伙伴和同事，
04:48
treating them like our partners
and collaborators,
and collaborators,
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04:51
not just fixers who fetch us
phone numbers and sound bites.
phone numbers and sound bites.
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而不仅仅是提供
电话号码和录音的中间人。
电话号码和录音的中间人。
我们在叙利亚和亚非各处的当地记者
04:54
Our local reporters in Syria
and across Africa and across Asia
and across Africa and across Asia
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带给我们的故事是
我们自己肯定找不到的。
我们自己肯定找不到的。
04:59
bring us stories that we certainly
would not have found on our own.
would not have found on our own.
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就像这个大马士革郊区的
一场轮椅比赛，
一场轮椅比赛，
05:03
Like this one from the suburbs
of Damascus, about a wheelchair race
of Damascus, about a wheelchair race
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05:07
that gave hope
to those wounded in the war.
to those wounded in the war.
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为战争伤员鼓劲的比赛。
或者这个来自塞拉利昂的新闻，
05:10
Or this one from Sierra Leone,
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05:12
about a local chief
who curbed the spread of Ebola
who curbed the spread of Ebola
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一位当地首领在自己的领地
自行组织检疫
自行组织检疫
05:15
by self-organizing
a quarantine in his district.
a quarantine in his district.
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来阻止埃博拉病毒传播。
05:19
Or this one from the border of Pakistan,
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还有这个来自巴基斯坦边界的故事，
关于阿富汗难民在警察的恐吓下，
05:21
about Afghan refugees being forced
to return home before they are ready,
to return home before they are ready,
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05:25
under the threat of police intimidation.
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还没准备好就被迫返回家园。
当地记者是我们的老师。
05:28
Our local journalists are our mentors.
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每天都有新东西教给我们，
05:30
They teach us something new every day,
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05:32
and they bring us stories
that are important for all of us to know.
that are important for all of us to know.
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他们还带来我们所有人
都一定要知道的故事。
都一定要知道的故事。
办法二：
05:37
Idea number two:
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我们需要新闻业的希波克拉底誓言
（西方国家行医前的誓词），
（西方国家行医前的誓词），
05:39
we need a kind of Hippocratic oath
for the news industry,
for the news industry,
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发誓“不伤害为先”。
05:43
a pledge to first do no harm.
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（掌声）
05:46
(Applause)
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记者需要坚强。
05:48
Journalists need to be tough.
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我们需要对权威说实话，
05:49
We need to speak truth to power,
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但我们也需要负责任。
05:51
but we also need to be responsible.
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我们要按自己的理想行事，
05:53
We need to live up to our own ideals,
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也要认识到，
05:56
and we need to recognize
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如果忘记新闻是一项公共服务，
05:58
when what we're doing
could potentially harm society,
could potentially harm society,
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那么我们做的事可能会伤害社会。
06:02
where we lose track of journalism
as a public service.
as a public service.
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我密切关注我们如何报道埃博拉危机。
06:06
I watched us cover the Ebola crisis.
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06:08
We launched Ebola Deeply. We did our best.
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我们提出“深入埃博拉”，并全力以赴。
06:10
But what we saw was a public
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但我们看到的是
公众被歇斯底里和
耸人听闻的报道淹没，
耸人听闻的报道淹没，
06:12
that was flooded with hysterical
and sensational coverage,
and sensational coverage,
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那些报道有时不准确，
有时是完全错误的。
有时是完全错误的。
06:16
sometimes inaccurate,
sometimes completely wrong.
sometimes completely wrong.
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公共卫生专家告诉我，
它的代价是人类的生命，
它的代价是人类的生命，
06:19
Public health experts tell me
that that actually cost us in human lives,
that that actually cost us in human lives,
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因为这会引起更多的
恐慌或颠倒事实，
恐慌或颠倒事实，
06:24
because by sparking more panic
and by sometimes getting the facts wrong,
and by sometimes getting the facts wrong,
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使实际发生的困难
06:28
we made it harder for people to resolve
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更加难以解决。
06:31
what was actually happening on the ground.
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所有那些噪音会使我们更难
做出正确的决定。
做出正确的决定。
06:33
All that noise made it harder
to make the right decisions.
to make the right decisions.
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我们这个行业能够做得更好，
06:37
We can do better as an industry,
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但那要求我们认识到
上次错在哪里，
上次错在哪里，
06:39
but it requires us recognizing
how we got it wrong last time,
how we got it wrong last time,
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并决心下次不再重蹈覆辙。
06:43
and deciding not to go that way next time.
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我们可以选择。
06:47
It's a choice.
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我们必须抵制诱惑，
不再用恐慌来刺激收视率。
不再用恐慌来刺激收视率。
06:48
We have to resist the temptation
to use fear for ratings.
to use fear for ratings.
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每个新闻部、每个新闻业者
06:52
And that decision has to be made
in the individual newsroom
in the individual newsroom
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都要做出这样的决定。
06:55
and with the individual news executive.
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因为如果我们重蹈覆辙，
06:57
Because the next deadly virus
that comes around
that comes around
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如果我们的报道不负责、不真实，
07:00
could be much worse
and the consequences much higher,
and the consequences much higher,
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下一个到来的致命病毒
07:04
if we do what we did last time;
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07:06
if our reporting isn't responsible
and it isn't right.
and it isn't right.
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可能使情况更糟糕，后果更严重。
07:11
The third idea?
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办法三？
如果想要理解一个复杂的世界，
07:12
We need to embrace complexity
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07:14
if we want to make sense
of a complex world.
of a complex world.
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我们就需要拥抱复杂性。
拥抱复杂——
07:18
Embrace complexity --
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07:20
(Applause)
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（掌声）
不要简单地对待世界，
因为简单意味着不准确。
因为简单意味着不准确。
07:21
not treat the world simplistically,
because simple isn't accurate.
because simple isn't accurate.
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我们生活在复杂的世界里。
07:26
We live in a complex world.
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07:29
News is adult education.
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新闻是对成年人的教育。
作为新闻工作者，
我们有责任抽丝剥茧，
我们有责任抽丝剥茧，
07:31
It's our job as journalists
to get elbow deep in complexity
to get elbow deep in complexity
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找到新的方式，
使其他人更容易理解。
使其他人更容易理解。
07:34
and to find new ways to make it easier
for everyone else to understand.
for everyone else to understand.
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如果我们不这样做，
07:39
If we don't do that,
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如果我们假装只有简单的答案，
07:40
if we pretend there are
just simple answers,
just simple answers,
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我们就是在引导
每个人掉下陡峭的悬崖。
每个人掉下陡峭的悬崖。
07:43
we're leading everyone off a steep cliff.
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理解复杂性是唯一能
让我们认识到真正的威胁
让我们认识到真正的威胁
07:47
Understanding complexity
is the only way to know the real threats
is the only way to know the real threats
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07:50
that are around the corner.
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近在咫尺的方法。
我们的责任是解释这些威胁，
07:52
It's our responsibility
to translate those threats
to translate those threats
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并帮助你了解真实情况，
07:54
and to help you understand what's real,
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所以你可以做好准备，
07:57
so you can be prepared and know
what it takes to be ready
what it takes to be ready
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并懂得怎样做才能
应对即将发生的事。
应对即将发生的事。
08:00
for what comes next.
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08:03
I am an industrious optimist.
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我就是勤奋的乐观主义者。
我真的相信我们可以补救这种衰败。
08:04
I do believe we can fix what's broken.
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我们每个人都想这样做。
08:07
We all want to.
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08:08
There are great journalists
out there doing great work --
out there doing great work --
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伟大的记者们正在做伟大的工作——
而我们需要的只是新的模式。
08:11
we just need new formats.
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08:14
I honestly believe
this is a time of reawakening,
this is a time of reawakening,
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我由衷的相信这是重新觉醒的时刻，
重新想象我们能做什么。
08:17
reimagining what we can do.
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我相信我们可以补救这种衰败。
08:20
I believe we can fix what's broken.
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我知道我们可以补救新闻业。
08:22
I know we can fix the news.
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我知道这值得尝试，
08:24
I know it's worth trying,
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我也真的相信，最终
08:26
and I truly believe that in the end,
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我们能够如愿。
08:28
we're going to get this right.
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08:30
Thank you.
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谢谢。
08:31
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lara Setrakian - JournalistLara Setrakian is building innovative news platforms that stand ready to engage and explain the complexity of our world.
Why you should listen
Lara Setrakian is the co-founder and CEO of News Deeply, a startup that creates news platforms and builds passionate communities centered on the most pressing issues of our time. Her team's inaugural site, Syria Deeply, launched in 2012 and won the 2013 Excellence in Online Journalism Award from the National Press Foundation. The team went on to launch Ebola Deeply, Water Deeply, Arctic Deeply, Refugees Deeply and the Women & Girls Hub; the model is expanding to cover new topics in environment, public health, geopolitics and social impact. Each site is staffed by beat reporters and editors with substantial experience of the subjects they cover and augmented by a network of contributors, commentators and area experts who share their perspectives.
A hard-edged optimist, Lara believes in building innovative news platforms that are rooted in public service, that stand ready to engage and explain the complexity of our world. She also believes that there are successful media business models to be built -- ones that capturing the value of specialized information and the power of targeted reader communities. By fusing news and community, journalism and product design, she is developing a way to sustain in-depth and continuous coverage of vital issues. In light of that work Inc Magazine called her one of "8 Women Who Could Own the Future," while Fast Company named her one of the "Most Creative People in Business."
Before starting News Deeply, Setrakian was Middle East correspondent for ABC News and Bloomberg Television. She grew up in New Jersey, the daughter of hard-working Armenian-Americans who raised her to value grit, resilience, and resolve. To document News Deeply's journey and lessons from other great startups in the trenche she coauthored a study of single-subject news models as part of a fellowship at Columbia University's Tow Center for Digital Journalism. Her work at News Deeply has been featured in Fast Company, Mashable, Inc, TechCrunch, the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, ABC News, NPR and CNN.
Lara Setrakian | Speaker | TED.com