Fredros Okumu: Why I study the most dangerous animal on earth -- mosquitoes
费兰德·欧库姆: 我为什么要研究这世上最危险的动物——蚊子
Fredros Okumu studies human-mosquito interactions, hoping to better understand how to keep people from getting malaria. Full bio
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to welcome all of you once again.
a victim of this bug here?
of all the mosquito catchers.
mosquito bites every day.
携带传染源的蚊子叮咬7次
I moved to the Kilombero River valley
搬到了坐落于坦桑尼亚南部的
one of the most malarious zones
locally known as degedege.
当地称为“degedege"
adults and children,
Ifakara Health Institute,
for the local communities.
refers to a place you go to die,
人死时会去的地方
of what life used to be here
organized public health care.
was going on across the villages
were transmitting the disease.
of Ifakara town across the river.
with flashlights and siphons.
that were coming to bite us
selected a household,
swapping positions every half hour.
每隔半小时换一班,
for 24 consecutive nights.
and chopping off their heads
并切下它们的头
carrying malaria parasites
how much malaria was going on here
were carrying this malaria.
inside houses or outside houses.
I still catch mosquitoes for a living.
people's lives and well-being.
改善他们的生活。
the most dangerous animal on earth --
know about mosquitoes?
our best practice against malaria
insecticide treated bednets.
to insecticides.
that are put on these bednets.
protect you from bites
the mosquitoes that they should.
to be able to get to zero.
才能把蚊虫消灭干净。
on the biology of the mosquito,
so we can identify new opportunities.
with things such as bednets
with you a few examples
my colleagues and myself do.
or far from your house.
有的却离你房子很远。
to control mosquito larvae,
quite difficult to get them.
and I have decided to do
we used mosquitoes themselves
from a place of our choice
they lay there shall not survive.
who runs this show at Ifakara.
that you can actually get mosquitoes
where they normally come to get blood
of sterilants or insecticide,
to their own breeding habitat
that you can do this
for malaria research.
colonies of malaria mosquitoes
and test them immediately,
or control them in some way.
或者设法控制它们
two or three positions
pick up these lethal substances,
in just three months.
在三个月内消灭干净。
in what we call swarms.
usually after sunset.
of their choice,
male in their view.
and fall down onto the floor.
work gets really interesting.
swamp hunting in the villages,
tend to be at exactly the same location
the same time of the evening,
the same locations.
all these locations across villages,
可以在村子里找到这些地点
by just a single blow.
or nuke them out.
with young men and women
how to identify the swarms,
教他们如何去辨认蚊群
we have a new window
我们有新的机会
eat blood, human blood,
the most dangerous animal on earth.
sometimes as 100 meters away.
between two family members.
based on what you produce
sweat and body odor.
就能知道你是谁。
your body, your sweat or your breath
汗液和呼吸中
we created a concoction,
我们就可以做一种混合剂
a blend of synthetic substances
of what you produce from your body.
more mosquitoes than a human being.
of mosquitoes and you kill them, right?
然后再杀死它们,对吧?
use it for surveillance.
on the biology of the mosquito;
我们在蚊子的生物学方面的知识
including, of course, the malaria,
that mosquitoes transmit
for example --
like to bite you on the leg region.
叮你的大腿。
these mosquito repellent sandals
when they're coming.
with mosquitoes continues.
a long way, I can see.
to eliminate malaria from 35 countries.
在2030年消灭35个国家的疟疾。
from the continent.
behind these goals.
a cohort of young scientists,
to make this vision come true.
that these dreams come true.
使这个梦想成真。
free of malaria transmitting mosquitoes
using CRISPR to kill off mosquitoes?
let's start from what the problem is.
我们就得先说一下问题的实质
about a disease that still kills --
we have from WHO --
in malaria burden.
to get to zero.
such as CRISPR,
either they do not transmit malaria --
that even if you were to release
genetically modified mosquitoes,
elimination very, very quickly.
offer us some real opportunities --
提供给我们真正的机会-
to have high-impact interventions
in addition to what we have now
我们现在所有的
to ask this as well --
eliminate mosquitoes?"
I would just like to remind my colleagues
我需要提醒我的同事
mosquito species in this world.
have any capacity to transmit malaria.
three or four of these as the major guys.
of all the malaria we have.
with gene editing like CRISPR,
with gene drives to control malaria,
to eliminate these mosquitoes effectively
in America have sprayed with --
these insects out of the villages.
of household spraying.
solely at killing the mosquitoes.
if we had a new tool.
very, very responsible here.
and we have to partner with our regulators
我们要与我们的监管人合作
that we do is done correctly,
independent risk assessments,
do not fall into the wrong hands.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Fredros Okumu - Mosquito scientistFredros Okumu studies human-mosquito interactions, hoping to better understand how to keep people from getting malaria.
Why you should listen
Fredros Okumu is director of science at the Ifakara Health Institute (IHI). Since 2008, Okumu has been studying human-mosquito interactions and developing new techniques to complement existing malaria interventions and accelerate efforts towards elimination. His other interests include quantitative ecology of residual malaria vectors, mathematical simulations to predict effectiveness of interventions, improved housing for marginalized communities and prevention of child malnutrition.
Okumu was awarded the Young Investigator Award by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene in 2009, a Welcome Trust Intermediate Research Fellowship in Public Health and Tropical Medicine (2014-2019) and, most recently, a Howard Hughes-Gates International Research Scholarship (2018-2023). He is co-chair of the Malaria Eradication Research Agenda consultative group on tools for elimination and a co-chair of the WHO Vector Control Working Group on new tools for malaria vector control. Okumu was named one of the "Top 100 Global Thinkers" by Foreign Policy in 2016.
Fredros Okumu | Speaker | TED.com