TED2010
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy: Inside a school for suicide bombers
Sharmeen Obaid Chinoy谈炸弹敢死队学校
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纪录片拍摄人Sharmeen Obaid Chinoy研究的是一个恐怖的话题：塔利班如何说服孩子成为一名人体炸弹。她为我们带来了训练营的宣传片及她与年轻成员的对话，这是一部震撼人心的影片。
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy - Filmmaker
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy makes documentary films. She's the founder of the Citizens Archive of Pakistan, dedicated to preserving Pakistan's history. Full bio
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy makes documentary films. She's the founder of the Citizens Archive of Pakistan, dedicated to preserving Pakistan's history. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Today, I want you to look at
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今天，我要
00:18
children who become suicide bombers
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通过不同的视角带各位领略
00:21
through a completely different lens.
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儿童人体炸弹。
00:23
In 2009, there were 500
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2009年，在巴基斯坦
00:26
bomb blasts across Pakistan.
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发生了500起爆炸。
00:28
I spent the year working
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我花了一年时间，
00:30
with children
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采访这些
00:32
who were training to become suicide bombers
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即将踏上不归路的孩子们，
00:34
and with Taliban recruiters,
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并采访了招募这些孩子的塔利班人员，
00:36
trying to understand how the Taliban
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我尝试了解塔利班
00:38
were converting these children
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如何将这些孩子
00:40
into live ammunition
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变成人体炸弹，
00:42
and why these children were actively
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而这些孩子们又为何
00:44
signing up to their cause.
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自愿走上不归路。
00:46
I want you to watch a short video
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我最近拍摄的纪录片
00:48
from my latest documentary film, "Children of the Taliban."
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有一段叫《塔利班的孩子们》。
00:54
(Singing)
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（吟唱）
00:58
The Taliban now run their own schools.
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塔利班现在有自己的学校，
01:03
They target poor families
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他们瞄准了贫苦人家，
01:05
and convince the parents to send their children.
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说服家长把孩子交给他们。
01:08
In return, they provide free food and shelter
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作为回报，塔利班将免费提供食宿，
01:11
and sometimes pay the families a monthly stipend.
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有时还每月发一些津贴给这些家庭。
01:16
We've obtained a propaganda video
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我们得到一卷
01:18
made by the Taliban.
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塔利班制作的宣传片，
01:21
Young boys are taught justifications
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男孩们被灌输
01:24
for suicide attacks
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自杀式袭击是正当合理的，
01:26
and the execution of spies.
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并要求他们处决间谍。
01:30
I made contact with a child from Swat
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我和一个来自Swat（巴基斯坦边境上一县）的男孩取得联系，
01:32
who studied in a madrassa like this.
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他目前就读于一个类似的神学院。
01:36
Hazrat Ali is from a
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Hazrat Ali是来自
01:38
poor farming family in Swat.
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Swat的穷困农家，
01:40
He joined the Taliban a year ago
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他一年前加入塔利班，
01:42
when he was 13.
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那年他13岁。
01:46
How do the Taliban in your area get people to join them?
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塔利班在你的家乡是怎样招募新成员的？
01:51
Hazrat Ali: They first call us to the mosque and preach to us.
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Hazrat Ali：他们以来就叫我们去清真寺，听布道，
01:55
Then they take us to a madrassa
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然后我们被带到一个神学院，
01:58
and teach us things from the Koran.
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学习《古兰经》。
02:01
Sharmeen Obaid Chinoy: He tells me that children
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Chinoy：他说孩子们
02:03
are then given months of military training.
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要参加好几个月的军训。
02:06
HA: They teach us to use machine guns, Kalashnikov,
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Ali：我们学会用机关枪、AK47、
02:11
rocket launchers, grenades, bombs.
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火箭筒、手榴弹和炸弹等。
02:14
They ask us to use them only against the infidels.
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他们说我们只能对异教徒使用这些武器，
02:20
Then they teach us to do a suicide attack.
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然后他们还教会我们自杀式袭击。
02:24
SOC: Would you like to carry out a suicide attack?
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Chinoy：你会执行自杀式袭击吗？
02:26
HA: If God gives me strength.
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Ali：愿真主赐我力量。
02:32
SOC: I, in my research,
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Chinoy：在我的研究中，
02:34
have seen that the Taliban have perfected
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我曾看过塔利班
02:36
the way in which they recruit
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在招募和训练孩子们时，
02:38
and train children,
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将他们的行为美化。
02:40
and I think it's a five-step process.
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这分为五步，
02:43
Step one is that the Taliban prey
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首先是
02:45
on families that are large, that are poor,
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瞄准住在贫瘠土地上的贫穷
02:48
that live in rural areas.
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大家庭。
02:50
They separate the parents from the children
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他们把父母和孩子们分开，
02:52
by promising to provide food, clothing,
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向父母允诺给孩子提供衣食
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shelter to these children.
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以及居所。
02:56
Then they ship them off, hundreds of miles away
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然后把孩子们送到百里开外的地方，
02:59
to hard-line schools
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送至硬汉学校，
03:01
that run along the Taliban agenda.
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在那接受塔利班的教育。
03:03
Step two:
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第二步，
03:05
They teach the children the Koran, which is Islam's holiest book,
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他们教孩子们读《古兰经》，也就是伊斯兰教的圣典，
03:08
in Arabic, a language these children do not understand
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但是是阿拉伯语的，孩子们根本不懂
03:11
and cannot speak.
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也不会说，
03:13
They rely very heavily on teachers,
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这样孩子们就只能依赖神学院的老师，
03:16
who I have personally seen
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我个人觉得
03:18
distort the message to these children
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这些老师扭曲了教义，
03:20
as and when it suits their purpose to.
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以达到他们的目的。
03:23
These children are explicitly forbidden
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这些孩子们被禁止
03:25
from reading newspapers, listening to radio,
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读报，听广播
03:28
reading any books
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或是
03:30
that the teachers do not prescribe them.
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读课外书。
03:32
If any child is found violating these rules,
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要是有孩子违反规定，
03:35
he is severely reprimanded.
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就会被严厉训斥。
03:38
Effectively, the Taliban create
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这样，塔利班
03:40
a complete blackout
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完全禁止孩子们
03:42
of any other source of information for these children.
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接触其他资讯。
03:45
Step three: The Taliban want these children
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第三步，塔利班要求孩子们
03:48
to hate the world that they currently live in.
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憎恨这个世界，
03:51
So they beat these children --
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他们殴打孩子
03:53
I have seen it;
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我亲眼见过。
03:55
they feed them twice a day dried bread and water;
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孩子一天只有两餐，就只有干面包和水。
03:58
they rarely allow them to play games;
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塔利班基本不让孩子们玩耍，
04:01
they tell them that, for eight hours at a time,
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孩子们
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all they have to do is read the Koran.
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一天要诵读八小时《古兰经》。
04:06
The children are virtual prisoners;
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这些孩子跟囚犯别一样
04:08
they cannot leave, they cannot go home.
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既不能离开学校，又不能回家，
04:11
Their parents are so poor,
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他们的父母都太穷
04:13
they have no resources to get them back.
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没法接他们回家。
04:15
Step four: The older members of the Taliban,
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第四步，较年长的塔利班成员
04:18
the fighters,
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又称战士，
04:20
start talking to the younger boys
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会向孩子们灌输
04:22
about the glories of martyrdom.
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殉教的光荣。
04:24
They talk to them about how when they die,
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并说，在他们死后，
04:27
they will be received up
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会升天，
04:30
with lakes of honey and milk,
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那里有流淌着牛奶和蜂蜜的湖水，
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how there will be 72 virgins
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有72个处女
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waiting for them in paradise,
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在天堂迎接他们，
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how there will be unlimited food,
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那里有吃不完的食物，
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and how this glory
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这份荣誉
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is going to propel them to become
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会使他们
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heroes in their neighborhoods.
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成为乡间邻里的大英雄。
04:46
Effectively, this is the brainwashing process
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这就是洗脑
04:49
that has begun.
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的全过程。
04:51
Step five: I believe the Taliban have
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最后一步，
04:53
one of the most effective
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也是最有效的
04:55
means of propaganda.
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宣传武器
04:58
Their videos that they use
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就是宣传片
05:00
are intercut with photographs
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是经过剪辑的照片，
05:03
of men and women and children
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有关伊拉克
05:05
dying in Iraq and Afghanistan
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阿富汗和巴基斯坦
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and in Pakistan.
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死去的男人，女人和孩子。
05:09
And the basic message is that the Western powers
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以此说明西方强权
05:11
do not care about civilian deaths,
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根本不在乎贫民死活，
05:13
so those people who live
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所以这些人
05:15
in areas and support governments
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就必须和政府
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that work with Western powers are fair game.
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一起同西方强权合作。
05:20
That's why Pakistani civilians,
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这也就是在过去两年里巴基斯坦
05:22
over 6,000 of whom have been killed in the last two years alone,
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有超过六千贫民死亡
05:25
are fair game.
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的原因。
05:27
Now these children are primed
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现在，这些孩子
05:29
to become suicide bombers.
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被训练成人体炸弹，
05:31
They're ready to go out and fight
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蓄势待发要投入战斗，
05:33
because they've been told that this is
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因为他们相信
05:35
effectively their only way
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这是唯一
05:37
to glorify Islam.
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荣耀真主的方法。
05:39
I want you to watch another excerpt from the film.
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这是另一段视频
05:45
This boy is called Zenola.
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这个男孩叫辛诺拉，
05:47
He blew himself up, killing six.
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他自己送了命，同时还炸死六个人。
05:52
This boy is called Sadik.
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这个男孩叫沙迪克，
05:54
He killed 22.
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他炸死22人。
05:59
This boy is called Messoud.
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这个男孩叫马苏德，
06:02
He killed 28.
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他炸死了28人。
06:07
The Taliban are running suicide schools,
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塔利班开办的敢死队学校，
06:10
preparing a generation of boys
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训练了整整一代孩子
06:12
for atrocities against civilians.
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以对贫民惨下毒手。
06:16
Do you want to carry out a suicide attack?
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你会执行自杀式袭击任务吗？
06:19
Boy: I would love to.
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男孩：非常乐意，
06:22
But only if I get permission from my dad.
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但要得到父亲的同意才行。
06:27
When I look at suicide bombers younger than me, or my age,
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当我看到同龄或是更小的自杀袭击者，
06:34
I get so inspired by their terrific attacks.
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他们的袭击让我斗志高昂。
06:38
SOC: What blessing would you get
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Chinoy：执行完任务，
06:40
from carrying out a suicide attack?
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你会得到什么？
06:43
Boy: On the day of judgment, God will ask me,
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男孩：审判日来临时，真主会问我：
06:46
"Why did you do that?"
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“你为何这样做？”
06:51
I will answer, "My Lord! Only to make you happy!
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我会回答：“真主，只为了让您高兴！
06:57
I have laid down my life fighting the infidels."
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我用生命来对抗异教徒。“
07:04
Then God will look at my intention.
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真主会知道我的意图，
07:11
If my intention was to eradicate evil for Islam,
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我是为伊斯兰消灭恶行，
07:19
then I will be rewarded with paradise.
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可以上天堂。
07:25
Singer: ♫ On the day of judgment ♫
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歌声♫审判将临♫
07:29
♫ My God will call me ♫
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♫真主蒙召♫
07:31
♫ My body will be put back together ♫
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♫重塑吾躯♫
07:35
♫ And God will ask me why I did this ♫
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♫真主问询 何以为此♫
07:40
SOC: I leave you all with this thought:
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Chinoy：请想一下
07:43
If you grew up in these circumstances,
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如果你成长在这样的环境里，
07:46
faced with these choices,
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面对这样的选择，
07:48
would you choose to live in this world
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你会选择活在这个世上，
07:51
or in the glorious afterlife?
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抑或留得身后名？
07:53
As one Taliban recruiter told me,
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有一个塔利班招募人员告诉我
07:56
"There will always be sacrificial lambs in this war."
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”在这场战争里总要有人牺牲。“
07:59
Thank you.
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谢谢。
08:01
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy - FilmmakerSharmeen Obaid-Chinoy makes documentary films. She's the founder of the Citizens Archive of Pakistan, dedicated to preserving Pakistan's history.
Why you should listen
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy is a film producer and journalist who has worked on 14 films for major networks in the United States and Britain. Her films include Children of the Taliban (with Dan Edge), The Lost Generation (about Iraqi exiles) and Afghanistan Unveiled. Her work has taken her around the world, where she has filmed and worked with refugees, women’s advocacy groups and human rights defenders. By bringing their voices to the outside world, she has often helped them bring about a critical change in their community.
Obaid-Chinoy helped found the Citizens Archive of Pakistan, a nonprofit, volunteer organization that fosters and promotes community-wide interest in the culture and history of Pakistan. Citizens Archive works with thousands of children, teaching critical thinking skills and instilling a sense of pride about their history and identity.
Obaid-Chinoy is a TED2010 Fellow.
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy | Speaker | TED.com