TEDxBG
Steve Keil: A manifesto for play, for Bulgaria and beyond
史帝夫‧凱爾：一則獻給保加利亞和全世界的玩樂宣言
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Readability: 3.6
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在索菲亞舉行的TEDxBG上，史帝夫‧凱爾向肆虐他家鄉保加利亞的「嚴重病毒」宣戰，並且呼籲大眾重返「玩樂」來復甦經濟、教育以及整個社會。這則精采絕倫的演說正向世界各地，努力改造工作環境、學校，以及生活的人們傳達一則普世訊息。
Steve Keil - Entrepreneur
Based in Bulgaria, Steve Keil creates companies around big social and environmental goals. Full bio
Based in Bulgaria, Steve Keil creates companies around big social and environmental goals. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm here today
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我今天在這裡
00:18
to start a revolution.
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是為了開啟一場革命
00:20
Now before you get up in arms,
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在你們拿起武器
00:22
or you break into song,
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開始高歌
00:24
or you pick a favorite color,
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或者挑選你最愛的顏色旗幟之前
00:26
I want to define what I mean by revolution.
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我想先定義我所謂的「革命」是什麼意思
00:29
By revolution,
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我所說的「革命」
00:31
I mean a drastic and far-reaching change
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指的是一場激烈且影響長遠的改變
00:34
in the way we think and behave --
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針對於我們思考和行為模式的改變
00:37
the way we think and the way we behave.
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我們的思考和行為模式
00:40
Now why, Steve, why do we need a revolution?
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那麼，史帝夫，為什麼我們需要一場革命？
00:43
We need a revolution
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我們需要這場革命
00:45
because things aren't working; they're just not working.
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因為既有的現狀不佳，真的行不通
00:48
And that makes me really sad
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而這點讓我很感傷
00:50
because I'm sick and tired of things not working.
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因為我已經受夠並厭倦了那些行不通的事物
00:53
You know, I'm sick and tired of us not living up to our potential.
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我已經受夠了我們不發揮潛力
00:56
I'm sick and tired of us being last.
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我受夠了我們吊車尾
00:59
And we are last place in so many things --
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而且我們在許多方面都是最後一名
01:02
for example, social factors.
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舉例來說，在社會層面上
01:05
We're last place in Europe in innovation.
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講創新，我們是歐洲最後一名
01:08
There we are right at the end, right at the bottom,
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我們就正好排在最後一個，墊底的那個
01:11
last place as a culture that doesn't value innovation.
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而這項最後一名代表我們的文化不重視創新
01:14
We're last place in health care,
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我們在醫療衛生方面是最後一名
01:16
and that's important for a sense of well-being.
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而這點對於幸福感影響很大
01:18
And there we are, not just last in the E.U.,
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而且我們不只是歐盟裡的最後一名
01:20
we're last in Europe, at the very bottom.
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我們在全歐洲更是敬陪末座
01:22
And worst of all,
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還有，最糟的是
01:24
it just came out three weeks ago, many of you have seen it, The Economist.
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也許你們很多人看過了 三個禮拜前的經濟學人指出
01:27
We're the saddest place on Earth,
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我們是地球上最悲傷的地方
01:30
relative to GDP per capita --
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以人均國內生產毛額來看
01:32
the saddest place on Earth.
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我們是世界上最悲傷的地方
01:34
That's social. Let's look at education.
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以上都是社會層面 現在來看看教育方面
01:37
Where do we rank three weeks ago
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我們三個禮拜前 在OECD（經合組織）
01:39
in another report by the OECD?
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所發佈的報告中，排名又是如何？
01:41
Last in reading, math and science. Last.
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在閱讀、數學和科學部分，都是最後一名
01:44
Business:
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商業方面
01:46
The lowest perception in the E.U.
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我們是歐盟中
01:48
that entrepreneurs provide benefits to society.
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對於「企業家對社會有益」這概念認同最低的
01:51
Why as a result, what happens?
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所以結果是什麼？
01:53
The lowest percentage of entrepreneurs starting businesses.
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就是擁有最低比率的創業者
01:56
And this is despite the fact
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即使
01:58
that everybody knows that small business
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每個人都知道小型企業
02:00
is the engine of economies.
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才是驅動經濟的核心
02:02
We hire the most people; we create the most taxes.
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我們雇用最多的人工 我們交出最高的稅金
02:05
So if our engine's broken, guess what?
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所以當我們的經濟引擎故障時 猜猜會發生什麼事？
02:08
Last in Europe GDP per capita.
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我們就落到全歐人均國民生產毛額的最後一名
02:11
Last.
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吊車尾
02:13
So it's no surprise, guys, that 62 percent of Bulgarians
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所以 62%的保加利亞人
02:16
are not optimistic about the future.
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對未來不樂觀 一點也不奇怪
02:18
We're unhappy, we have bad education,
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我們不快樂 我們的教育不佳
02:20
and we have the worst businesses.
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連我們的商業也是最糟糕的
02:23
And these are facts, guys.
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各位啊 以上都是事實啊
02:25
This isn't story tale; it's not make-believe.
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不是童話故事 不是幻想
02:28
It's not.
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不是
02:30
It's not a conspiracy I have got against Bulgaria. These are facts.
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這也不是針對保加利亞的陰謀論 這些都是事實
02:33
So I think it should be really, really clear
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所以我認為很明顯的
02:35
that our system is broken.
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我們的整個系統故障了
02:37
The way we think, the way we behave,
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我們的思考方式，行為舉止
02:39
our operating system of behaving is broken.
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我們的作業系統掛了
02:41
We need a drastic change in the way we think and behave
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我們需要針對我們思考和行為的模式做出重大改變
02:44
to transform Bulgaria for the better,
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讓保加利亞轉型 變得更好
02:46
for ourselves, for our friends,
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這也同時是為了我們自己、我們的朋友們
02:48
for our family and for our future.
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為了我們的家人和我們的未來
02:50
How did this happen?
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但到底為什麼會這樣？
02:52
Let's be positive now. We're going to get positive. How did this happen?
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我們現在來用正面態度 我們要變得正向樂觀 但到底怎麼會這樣？
02:55
I think we're last because --
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我想我們是最後一名是因為
02:57
and this is going to be drastic to some of you --
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對你們某些人來講 這個理由一定難以置信
02:59
because we are handicapping ourselves.
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因為我們正在「殘害」自己
03:01
We're holding ourselves back
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我們侷限了自己
03:03
because we don't value play.
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因為我們不重視「玩樂」！
03:05
I said "play," all right.
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沒錯，我說的就是「玩樂」
03:07
In case some of you forgot what play is, this is what play looks like.
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怕你們有人已經忘了玩樂是什麼樣 這就是玩樂
03:10
Babies play, kids play,
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嬰兒的玩樂 孩童的玩樂
03:12
adults play.
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成年人的玩樂
03:14
We don't value play.
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我們不重視玩樂
03:16
In fact, we devalue play.
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事實上 我們藐視玩樂
03:18
And we devalue it in three areas.
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而且我們在三個方面貶低玩樂
03:20
Let's go back to the same three areas.
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我們回到先前的那三個層面
03:22
Social: 45 years of what?
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社會層面 45年的什麼？
03:24
Of communism --
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共產主義
03:26
of valuing the society and the state over the individual
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將社會與國家置於個人之上
03:29
and squashing, inadvertently,
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而且不經意地扼殺了
03:31
creativity, individual self-expression and innovation.
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創意、自我表達和創新
03:35
And instead, what do we value?
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相反地 我們重視什麼？
03:37
Because it's shown
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已有研究指出
03:39
the way we apply, generate and use knowledge
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我們應用、生產與使用知識的方式
03:43
is affected by our social and institutional context,
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受到我們的社會及制度環境所影響
03:45
which told us what in communism?
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而共產主義的社會制度告訴我們什麼？
03:47
To be serious.
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要嚴肅
03:49
To be really, really serious.
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非常 非常嚴肅
03:51
It did.
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真的！
03:53
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
03:57
Be serious.
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要嚴肅
03:59
I can't tell you how many times I've been scolded in the park
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我不知道自己在公園被痛罵了多少次
04:02
for letting my kids play on the ground.
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只因為我讓孩子在地上玩耍
04:06
Heaven forbid they play in the dirt, the kal,
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更別提讓他們在泥土中玩耍了
04:09
or even worse, lokvi, water -- that will kill them.
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或更嚴重的 水裡啊 人們覺得那會害死小孩
04:12
I have been told by babas and dyados
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阿公阿嬤告誡我
04:14
that we shouldn't let our kids play so much
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不應該讓小孩那麼常玩耍
04:17
because life is serious
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因為人生是很嚴肅的
04:19
and we need to train them for the seriousness of life.
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而我們必須訓練孩子為人生的嚴肅提前做準備
04:21
We have a serious meme running through.
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有一個嚴重的病毒正在我們之間散播著
04:24
It's a social gene running through us.
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那是我們共有的社會基因
04:26
It's a serious gene.
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一個「嚴肅」基因
04:28
It's 45 years of it
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已經存在45年了
04:30
that's created what I call the "baba factor."
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那造就了我所謂的「阿嬤因子」
04:32
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
04:34
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
04:36
And here's how it works.
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而「阿嬤因子」是這樣運作的
04:38
Step one: woman says, "I want to have a baby. Iskam baby."
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步驟一 女人說：「我想要寶寶，一個可愛的寶寶。」
04:41
Step two: we get the baby. Woohoo!
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步驟二 我們生了寶寶 歐耶！
04:43
But then what happens in step three?
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但是在步驟三會發生什麼事？
04:45
I want to go back to work
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我想要回到工作崗位上
04:47
because I need to further my career or I just want to go have coffees.
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因為我必須發展我的事業 或是就想去喝杯咖啡
04:50
I'm going to give bebko to baba.
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我要把嬰兒交給阿嬤
04:53
But we need to remember
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但我們必須記得一件事
04:55
that baba's been infected by the serious meme for 45 years.
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阿嬤已經被那個嚴重病毒感染45年了
04:58
So what happens?
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那會怎樣？
05:00
She passes that virus on to baby,
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她會把病毒傳染給嬰兒
05:03
and it takes a really, really, really long time -- as the redwood trees --
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而這需要真的、真的、真的很長一段時間 像紅衫木一樣
05:07
for that serious meme
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才能將嚴重的病毒
05:09
to get out of our operating system.
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從我們的作業系統裡清除
05:12
What happens then?
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然後怎樣？
05:14
It goes into education where we have an antiquated education system
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那病毒會進入教育系統 我們那過時的教育系統
05:17
that has little changed for 100 years,
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在過去100年中沒什麼改變的系統
05:19
that values rote learning,
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重視死背的系統
05:21
memorization and standardization,
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重視強記和標準化
05:23
and devalues self-expression, self-exploration,
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並且貶抑自我表達、自我探索
05:26
questioning, creativity and play.
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否定提問、創意以及玩樂
05:28
It's a crap system.
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這是一個爛透了的系統
05:30
True story: I went looking for a school for my kid.
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我來說一個真實故事：我幫我小孩物色學校
05:34
We went to this prestigious little school
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來到一間頗富盛名的小學校
05:36
and they say they're going to study math 10 times a week
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他們說這裡的學生每週讀10次數學
05:38
and science eight times a week
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8次科學
05:40
and reading five times a day and all this stuff.
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一天5次閱讀等等的
05:42
And we said, "Well what about play and recess?"
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然後我們問：「那麼玩耍和休息呢？」
05:45
And they said, "Ha. There won't be a single moment in the schedule."
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他們回答：「哈，課表裡完全沒有這些東西。」
05:48
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
05:50
And we said, "He's five."
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然後我們說：「他才五歲欸！」
05:52
What a crime. What a crime.
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罪過 好個罪過
05:54
And it's a crime
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而且同樣罪過的是
05:56
that our education system is so serious because education is serious
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我們的教育系統這麼嚴肅 因為教育是如此地嚴肅死板
05:59
that we're creating mindless, robotic workers
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以致於我們正創造出不會思考的機器工人
06:01
to put bolts in pre-drilled holes.
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來將螺絲釘裝放到鑽好的洞裡
06:03
But I'm sorry, the problems of today
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但很抱歉 現今的問題
06:05
are not the problems of the Industrial Revolution.
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不再是工業革命時代的問題了
06:07
We need adaptability,
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我們需要適應能力
06:09
the ability to learn how to be creative and innovative.
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變得有創意又會創新的能力
06:12
We don't need mechanized workers.
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我們不需要機械化的工人
06:14
But no, now our meme goes into work where we don't value play.
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然而不幸的 病毒也傳染到了職場 讓我們不重視玩樂
06:17
We create robotic workers that we treat like assets,
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我們創造了機器工人 把他們如資產般對待
06:20
to lever and just throw away.
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利用他們 再棄如敝屣
06:22
What are qualities of a Bulgarian work?
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一份典型的保加利亞工作有什麼樣的特質？
06:25
Autocratic --
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專制
06:27
do what I say because I'm the chef.
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造我的話去做 因為我是領導
06:29
I'm the boss and I know better than you.
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我是老闆 所以我懂得比你多
06:31
Untrusting -- you're obviously a criminal, so I'm going to install cameras.
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不信任：你很顯然是個罪犯 所以我要裝攝影機
06:34
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
06:36
Controlling --
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控制
06:38
you're obviously an idiot, so I'm going to make
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你很顯然是個白痴 所以我要設計好
06:40
a zillion little processes for you to follow so you don't step out of the box.
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幾萬兆個細微的步驟讓你遵守 你才不會自做主張
06:43
So they're restrictive -- don't use your mobile phone,
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所以職場總是限制重重：不准用手機
06:45
don't use your laptop, don't search the Internet,
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不准用筆電，不准上網
06:47
don't be on I.M.
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不准用即時通
06:49
That's somehow unprofessional and bad.
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那樣很不專業又惡劣
06:51
And at the end of the day, it's unfulfilling
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而且工作一整天之後 你根本沒有任何成就感
06:53
because you're controlled, you're restricted, you're not valued
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因為你被控制住了 限制了 你不被重視
06:56
and you're not having any fun.
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而且你得不到絲毫樂趣
06:58
In social, in education and in our business,
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在社會、教育及商業層面上
07:00
don't value play.
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我們不重視玩樂
07:02
And that's why we're last,
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那正是為什麼我們排名最後
07:04
because we don't value play.
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因為我們不重視玩樂
07:06
And you can say, "That's ridiculous, Steve. What a dumb idea.
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你可能會說：「一派胡言，史帝夫。好個蠢想法。
07:09
It can't be because of play.
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怎麼可能是因為玩樂的關係！
07:11
Just play, that's a stupid thing."
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只不過是玩樂 那麼件蠢事。」
07:13
We have the serious meme in us.
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我們身體內有著嚴重的病毒
07:15
Well I'm going to say no.
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嗯 我要說「你錯了」
07:17
And I will prove it to you in the next part of the speech --
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而且我將會在演說的下一段向你證明這點
07:20
that play is the catalyst, it is the revolution,
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證明玩樂是催化劑 它就是一場革命
07:23
that we can use to transform Bulgaria for the better.
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我們可以用來使保加利亞更好的革命
07:26
Play:
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玩樂
07:28
our brains
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我們的大腦
07:30
are hardwired for play.
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是為了玩樂而連結在一起
07:32
Evolution has selected,
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演化
07:34
over millions and billions of years,
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透過數百萬、數十億年的時間
07:37
for play in animals and in humans.
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為動物及人類的玩樂性格挑選適者生存
07:40
And you know what?
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而且你知道嗎？
07:42
Evolution does a really, really good job
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演化機制非常擅於
07:44
of deselecting traits that aren't advantageous to us
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淘汰對我們無用的特質
07:47
and selecting traits for competitive advantage.
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並保留具競爭優勢的特質
07:50
Nature isn't stupid, and it selected for play.
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大自然的挑選可不隨便 而它 為玩樂而篩選
07:53
Throughout the animal kingdom, for example:
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舉例而言 整個動物界裡
07:55
ants. Ants play.
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螞蟻 螞蟻會玩樂
07:57
Maybe you didn't know that.
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也許你不曉得這點
07:59
But when they're playing,
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但當牠們玩樂時
08:01
they're learning the social order and dynamics of things.
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牠們也在學習社會規範和事物的動態
08:03
Rats play, but what you might not have known
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老鼠會玩樂 但你可能不曉得的是
08:05
is that rats that play more
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較常玩樂的老鼠
08:07
have bigger brains
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腦子也比較大
08:09
and they learn tasks better,
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而且牠們學起任務比較快
08:11
skills.
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學技能也快
08:13
Kittens play. We all know kittens play.
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貓咪會玩樂 我們都知道
08:15
But what you may not know
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但你可能不知道
08:17
is that kittens deprived of play
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被禁止玩樂的貓咪
08:20
are unable to interact socially.
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是無法在社群中互動的
08:22
They can still hunt, but they can't be social.
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牠們仍然可以獵食 但無法社交
08:25
Bears play.
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熊也玩耍
08:27
But what you may not know
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但你可能不知道
08:29
is that bears that play more survive longer.
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較常玩樂的熊 存活得久
08:32
It's not the bears that learn how to fish better.
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並非那些懂得獵魚的熊
08:34
It's the ones that play more.
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反而是那些較常玩樂的熊比較長命
08:37
And a final really interesting study --
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而最後有一則有趣的研究
08:39
it's been shown, a correlation
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發現玩樂和大腦容量之間
08:41
between play and brain size.
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存在某種關聯
08:43
The more you play, the bigger the brains there are.
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你玩樂越多 大腦容量就越大
08:46
Dolphins, pretty big brains, play a lot.
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有著相當大的腦容量的海豚 經常在玩耍
08:49
But who do you think
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但你認為誰
08:51
with the biggest brains are the biggest players?
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擁有最大的腦容量 還是最重要的人物？
08:54
Yours truly: humans.
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正是閣下 人類
08:56
Kids play, we play --
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小孩玩耍 我們玩耍
08:58
of every nationality, of every race,
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所有國籍、種族
09:00
of every color, of every religion.
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所有膚色、宗教信仰
09:02
It's a universal thing -- we play.
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這是一個普世現象：我們玩樂
09:04
And it's not just kids, it's adults too.
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不只小孩玩樂 大人也玩樂
09:07
Really cool term: neoteny --
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這是一個非常酷的詞彙：幼態延續
09:09
the retention of play and juvenile traits in adults.
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成年人保有少年時期的玩樂傾向
09:12
And who are the biggest neotenists?
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而誰是最重要的「幼態延續者」？
09:14
Humans. We play sports.
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人類 我們玩體育競技
09:16
We do it for fun, or as Olympians, or as professionals.
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我們為了趣味去做 或者像奧林匹亞選手們 為職業去做
09:18
We play musical instruments.
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我們玩樂器
09:20
We dance, we kiss, we sing,
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我們跳舞 我們親吻 我們唱歌
09:22
we just goof around.
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我們消磨時間
09:24
We're designed by nature to play
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我們都被大自然設計成
09:27
from birth to old age.
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自幼年至老年都會玩樂
09:30
We're designed to do that continuously --
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我們被設計去不停地
09:33
to play and play a lot
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玩耍 而且玩得很兇
09:35
and not stop playing.
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不停地玩樂
09:37
It is a huge benefit.
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好處多多
09:40
Just like there's benefits to animals,
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就像對那些動物有益一樣
09:42
there's benefits to humans.
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這對人類也是有益的
09:44
For example, it's been shown
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例如，研究指出
09:46
to stimulate neural growth in the amygdala,
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玩樂能刺激杏仁核的神經生長
09:48
in the area where it controls emotions.
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也就是控制情緒的部位
09:50
It's been shown to promote pre-frontal cortex development
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研究指出玩樂也會促進前額葉皮質的發展
09:53
where a lot of cognition is happening.
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也就是處理許多認知的部位
09:55
As a result, what happens?
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所以怎麼樣？
09:57
We develop more emotional maturity if we play more.
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如果我們多玩一點 我們就會發展出更高的情緒成熟度
10:00
We develop better decision-making ability
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我們會發展出更佳的決策能力
10:02
if we play more.
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如果我們玩耍多一點
10:04
These guys are facts.
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這些都是事實
10:06
It's not fiction, it's not story tales, it's not make-believe;
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這不是虛構的 不是童話故事 不是幻想
10:08
it's cold, hard science.
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這些都是嚴謹的科學研究
10:10
These are the benefits to play.
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玩樂是有益處的
10:13
It is a genetic birthright that we have,
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那是存在我們基因裡的基本權利
10:16
like walking or speaking or seeing.
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就像是走路、說話和視覺
10:19
And if we handicap ourselves with play,
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而假如我們限制自己的玩樂
10:21
we handicap ourselves
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我們就是在自殘
10:23
as if we would with any other birthright that we have.
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就像我們殘害自己的其他基本權利那樣
10:25
We hold ourselves back.
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我們侷限自己
10:29
Little exercise just for a second:
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我們來做個小練習
10:31
close your eyes
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將你的眼睛閉起來
10:33
and try to imagine a world without play.
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然後試著想像一個沒有玩樂的世界
10:36
Imagine a world without theater, without the arts,
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想像一個沒有戲劇、藝術的世界
10:39
without song, without dancing,
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沒有歌曲、沒有舞蹈
10:42
without soccer, without football,
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沒有足球、沒有美式橄欖球
10:44
without laughter.
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沒有笑聲
10:46
What does this world look like?
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這樣的世界看起來是什麼樣子？
10:48
It's pretty bleak.
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相當荒涼
10:50
It's pretty glum.
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相當陰鬱
10:52
Now imagine your workplace.
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現在 想想你的工作場所
10:54
Is it fun? Is it playful?
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有趣嗎？好玩嗎？
10:56
Or maybe the workplace of your friends -- here we're forward thinking.
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或是想像你朋友的工作場所 現在是自由想像時間
10:59
Is it fun? Is it playful?
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有趣嗎？好玩嗎？
11:01
Or is it crap? Is it autocratic, controlling,
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還是說很糟糕？專制、滿佈控制？
11:04
restrictive and untrusting and unfulfilling?
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限制重重、不信任，又沒有成就感嗎？
11:09
We have this concept
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我們都抱持一個觀念
11:11
that the opposite of play is work.
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認為玩樂的相反是工作
11:14
We even feel guilty if we're seen playing at work.
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我們甚至會因為在工作上玩樂而感到罪惡
11:17
"Oh, my colleagues see me laughing. I must not have enough work,"
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「啊 我的同事看到我在笑 我一定是工作量太少了」
11:20
or, "Oh, I've got to hide because my boss might see me.
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或是「啊 我要躲起來 因為老闆可能會看到我
11:23
He's going to think I'm not working hard."
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覺得我工作不夠認真。」
11:26
But I have news for you: our thinking is backwards.
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但我有個新觀念給你們：我們的思維是倒退的
11:28
The opposite of play
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玩樂的相反
11:30
is not work.
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不是工作
11:32
The opposite of play
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玩樂的相反
11:34
is depression. It's depression.
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是陰鬱消沈
11:37
In fact,
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事實上
11:39
play improves our work.
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玩樂可以改善我們的工作
11:41
Just like there's benefits for humans and animals,
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正如同它對人類及動物有益
11:43
there's benefits for play at work.
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玩樂對工作也是有益的
11:45
For example, it stimulates creativity.
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舉例而言，它會激發創意
11:49
It increases our openness to change.
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它會增加我們對改變的接受程度
11:52
It improves our ability to learn.
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它會強化我們的學習能力
11:54
It provides a sense of purpose and mastery --
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它會帶來一種朝目標邁進和掌握大局的感覺
11:56
two key motivational things
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這兩項重要的激勵感受
11:58
that increase productivity,
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會透過玩樂
12:00
through play.
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來刺激生產力
12:02
So before you start thinking of play as just not serious,
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所以在你開始以為玩樂是「不認真」之前
12:05
play doesn't mean frivolous.
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玩樂並非輕佻
12:07
You know, the professional athlete that loves skiing,
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你也知道 那些喜歡滑雪的職業運動員
12:09
he's serious about it, but he loves it.
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他們對滑雪很認真 但也很熱愛
12:12
He's having fun, he's in the groove, he's in the flow.
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樂在其中 逍遙自在 徹底融入
12:15
A doctor might be serious,
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醫生可能很嚴肅
12:17
but laughter's still a great medicine.
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但笑聲仍然永遠是一帖良方
12:21
Our thinking is backwards.
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我們的觀念是倒退的
12:23
We shouldn't be feeling guilty.
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我們不應該為此感到愧疚
12:25
We should be celebrating play.
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我們應該要慶祝玩樂
12:27
Quick example from the corporate world.
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一個商場上的簡單例子：
12:29
FedEx, easy motto: people, service, profit.
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聯邦快遞有句簡單的座右銘：人、服務、利潤
12:32
If you treat your people like people, if you treat them great,
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如果你善待你的人 如果你對他們很好
12:35
they're happier, they're fulfilled, they have a sense of mastery and purpose.
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他們比較開心 他們得到成就感 他們有朝目標邁進和掌握情況的感覺
12:38
What happens? They give better service --
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所以呢？他們提供更佳的服務
12:40
not worse, but better.
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不是更糟 而是更佳
12:42
And when customers call for service
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而當顧客來電尋求服務時
12:44
and they're dealing with happy people that can make decisions and are fulfilled,
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他們面對的是能做主張又有成就感的快樂員工
12:47
how do the customers feel? They feel great.
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顧客感受如何？棒透了
12:49
And what do great customers do, great-feeling customers?
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而開心、愉悅的顧客又會做什麼？
12:52
They buy more of your service and they tell more of their friends,
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他們更愛你的服務 並且分享給他們更多的朋友
12:54
which leads to more profit.
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這樣會帶來更高的收益
12:56
People, service, profit.
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人、服務、利潤
12:58
Play increases productivity, not decreases.
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玩樂增加生產力 而非降低
13:01
And you're going to say,
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但你會說
13:03
"Gee, that can work for FedEx out there in the United States,
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「嗯 那適用於美國的聯邦快遞
13:05
but it can't work in Bulgaria.
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但是不能用於保加利亞」
13:07
No way. We're different."
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「不可能 我們不一樣」
13:09
It does work in Bulgaria, you guys. Two reasons.
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各位 這的確可以適用於保加利亞 有兩個理由
13:11
One, play is universal.
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第一 玩樂是普世價值
13:13
There's nothing weird about Bulgarians that we can't play,
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我們保加利亞人並沒有任何怪異之處使我們不能玩樂
13:16
besides the serious meme that we have to kick out.
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除了那個我們必須剔除的嚴重病毒之外
13:18
Two, I've tried it. I've tried at Sciant.
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第二 我已經在Sciant（一家保加利亞軟體研發公司）試過了
13:21
When I got there, we had zero happy customers.
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當我初次到達那裡 我們沒有任何一位快樂的顧客
13:23
Not one customer would refer us.
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沒有一位顧客會推薦我們
13:25
I asked them all.
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我每個顧客都問了喔
13:27
We had marginal profit -- I did.
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我們利潤微薄－我真的問了！
13:29
We had marginal profits,
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我們只有微薄的利潤
13:31
and we had unhappy stakeholders.
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而我們的股東也不開心
13:33
Through some basic change,
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透過一些基本的改變
13:35
change like improving transparency,
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改善透明度之類的
13:38
change like promoting self-direction
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推動自我領導之類的改變
13:40
and collaboration, encouraging collaboration,
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以及合作、鼓勵合作
13:43
not autocracy,
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而非專制體系
13:45
the things like having a results-focus.
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我還推動「結果導向」
13:47
I don't care when you get in in the morning. I don't care when you leave.
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我不在乎你幾點上班 不在乎你幾點走
13:50
I care that your customer and your team is happy
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我只要你的顧客和團隊是滿意的
13:52
and you're organized with that.
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而且你辦事有條不紊
13:54
Why do I care if you get in at nine o'clock?
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我為什麼要在乎你九點才上班？
13:56
Basically promoting fun.
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基本上 就是在推廣「玩樂」文化
13:58
Through promoting fun and a great environment,
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透過建構一個好玩的絕佳環境
14:01
we were able to transform Sciant
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我們才讓公司煥然一新的
14:03
and, in just three short years --
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而且在短短三年內
14:05
sounds like a long time, but change is slow --
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聽起來似乎很久 但改變總是緩慢的
14:07
every customer, from zero to every customer referring us,
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從一開始的零到每個客戶都在推薦我們
14:10
above average profits for the industry
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超越產業平均的利潤
14:12
and happy stakeholders.
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以及快樂的股東們
14:14
And you can say, "Well how do you know they're happy?"
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然後你會說：「你怎麼知道他們很開心？」
14:16
Well we did win, every year that we entered,
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在每一個我們參與的年度裡 我們都獲得
14:18
one of the rankings for best employer for small business.
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小型企業最佳雇主的名次
14:21
Independent analysis from anonymous employees
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來自不計名員工的
14:23
on their surveys.
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獨立分析調查顯示
14:25
It does, and it can, work in Bulgaria.
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這的確是適用於保加利亞的
14:27
There's nothing holding us back,
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沒有任何東西可以侷限我們
14:29
except our own mentality about play.
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除了我們自己對玩樂的態度
14:32
So some steps that we can take -- to finish up --
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所以有一些我們可以採取的行動 準備結尾了
14:35
how to make this revolution through play.
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我們要如何透過玩樂來達成這項革命？
14:37
First of all, you have to believe me.
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首先 你必須相信我
14:39
If you don't believe me,
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假如你不相信我
14:41
well just go home and think about it some more or something.
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我們就只能回家 然後再思考看看
14:43
Second of all, if you don't have the feeling of play in you,
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再來 如果你心中沒有那種「玩樂感」
14:46
you need to rediscover play.
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你必須重新找回它
14:48
Whatever it was that as a kid you used to enjoy,
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不管是你在孩童時期享受的東西
14:50
that you enjoyed only six months ago,
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或你在六個月前都還覺得享受
14:52
but now that you've got that promotion you can't enjoy,
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但升遷後卻無法再享受的東西
14:54
because you feel like you have to be serious,
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因為你覺得你必須很嚴肅
14:56
rediscover it.
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重新找回它吧
14:58
I don't care if it's mountain biking or reading a book or playing a game.
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我不管那是騎越野單車 讀一本書 或是玩個遊戲
15:00
Rediscover that
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重新找回它
15:02
because you're the leaders,
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因為你們是領導者
15:04
the innovation leaders, the thought leaders.
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創新的領導者 意見領袖
15:06
You're the ones that have to go back to the office
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你們要回到辦公室裡
15:08
or talk to your friends
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跟你們朋友聊聊
15:10
and ignite the fire of change in the play revolution.
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然後重燃玩樂革命的那把改革之火
15:13
You guys have to, and if you're not feeling it,
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你們必須這麼做 而假如你們不這樣想
15:15
your colleagues, your employees, aren't going to feel it.
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你們的同事、員工也都不會這樣想
15:18
You've got to go back and say, "Hey, I'm going to trust you."
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你們回去後應該說：「嗨 我要相信你」
15:21
Weird concept: I hired you; I should trust you.
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這真是奇怪的想法 我雇用了你 我就該信任你
15:24
I'm going to let you make decisions. I'm going to empower you,
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我要讓你做決策 我要賦予你權力
15:27
and I'm going to delegate to the lowest level, rather than the top.
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而且我要把權力下放到最底層 而非在最上層
15:30
I'm going to encourage constructive criticism.
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我要鼓勵具建設性的批評
15:33
I'm going to let you challenge authority.
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我要讓你挑戰權威
15:35
Because it's by challenging the way things are always done
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因為唯有透過挑戰現有的做事方式
15:38
is that we are able to break out of the rut that we're in
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我們才能夠脫離窠臼
15:40
and create innovative solutions
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來為今日的問題
15:42
to problems of today.
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提出創新的解決方案
15:44
We're not always right as leaders.
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我們身為領導者也不一定總是對的
15:46
We're going to eradicate fear.
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我們要除去恐懼
15:48
Fear is the enemy of play.
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恐懼是玩樂的敵人
15:51
And we're going to do things
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而且我們要採取類似
15:53
like eliminate restrictions.
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剔除限制的行動
15:55
You know what, let them use their mobile phone
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我告訴你 讓員工使用手機
15:57
for personal calls -- heaven forbid.
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打私人電話 -- 希望這不會發生
16:00
Let them be on the Internet.
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讓他們上網
16:02
Let them be on instant messengers.
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讓他們用即時通訊軟體
16:05
Let them take long lunches.
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讓他們加長午休時間
16:09
Lunch is like the recess for work.
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午餐就像是工作時的休息
16:11
It's when you go out in the world
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那是你們走出外界
16:13
and you recharge your brain, you meet your friends,
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為大腦充電的時間 你和朋友相遇
16:15
you have a beer, you have some food, you talk,
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你喝啤酒 吃點東西 聊聊天
16:18
you get some synergy of ideas
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你的思想得以受到刺激
16:20
that maybe you wouldn't have had before.
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產生一些以前不可能出現的想法
16:22
Let them do it. Give them some freedom,
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讓他們去做吧 給他們一些自由空間
16:25
and in general, let them play. Let them have fun at the workplace.
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總之 讓他們玩樂 讓他們在工作場所獲得樂趣
16:28
We spend so much of our lives at the workplace,
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我們花這麼大一部分的生命在工作場所
16:31
and it's supposed to be, what, a miserable grind,
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難道就該是一場痛苦的煎熬嗎？
16:33
so that 20 years from now, we wake up and say, "Is this it?
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然後在二十年後 你驚醒 說：「就這樣而已嗎？
16:36
Is that all there was?"
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全部就這樣而已嗎？」
16:38
Unacceptable. Nepriemliv.
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完全無法接受 無法
16:40
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
16:43
So in summary,
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所以 總結以上
16:45
we need a drastic change
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我們需要對我們思考和行動的方式
16:47
in the way we think and behave,
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做出巨大改變
16:49
but we don't need
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但我們不需要
16:51
a workers' revolution.
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一場工人革命
16:54
We don't need a workers' revolution.
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我們不需要一場工人革命
16:56
What we need
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我們需要的是
16:58
is a players' uprising.
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一場「玩家」的起義
17:00
What we need is a players' uprising.
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我們需要的是一場「玩家」的起義
17:03
What we need is a players' uprising.
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我們需要的是一場「玩家」的起義
17:05
Seriously, we need to band together.
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說真的 我們要團結在一起
17:07
Today is the start of the uprising.
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今天就是起義的開始
17:09
But what you need to do
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你們該做的是
17:11
is fan the flames of the revolution.
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鼓動革命之火
17:13
You need to go and share your ideas and your success stories
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你們要去分享你們的想法和成功故事
17:16
of what worked
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關於玩樂如何成功
17:18
about reinvigorating our lives, our schools,
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為我們的生活和學校
17:21
and our work with play;
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以及工作注入活水
17:23
about how play promotes
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關於玩樂如何帶來
17:25
a sense of promise and self-fulfillment;
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踏實感和自我實現
17:28
of how play promotes innovation and productivity,
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關於玩樂如何促進創新和提高生產力
17:32
and, ultimately, how play creates meaning.
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而且最重要的是 玩樂如何創造意義
17:36
Because we can't do it alone. We have to do it together,
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因為我們不能單打獨鬥 我們必須團結合作
17:39
and together, if we do this and share these ideas on play,
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如果我們能團結一致 散播這些關於玩樂的觀念
17:42
we can transform Bulgaria for the better.
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我們就可以讓保加利亞變得更好
17:46
Thank you.
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謝謝！
17:48
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Steve Keil - EntrepreneurBased in Bulgaria, Steve Keil creates companies around big social and environmental goals.
Why you should listen
Steve Keil is an entrepreneur whose passion is to create companies in which people are inspired to make their mark with their ideas and imagination. He believes that business leaders are responsible for creating such an environment, by including social and environmental objectives in their personal and business ethics. He has taught at the American College, written for various publications, and currently teaches at the University of Sofia.
He says: "I don't like plastic bottles."
Steve Keil | Speaker | TED.com