ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rory Stewart - Politician
Rory Stewart -- a perpetual pedestrian, a diplomat, an adventurer and an author -- is the member of British Parliament for Penrith and the Border.

Why you should listen

Now the member of British Parliament for Penrith and the Border, in rural northwest England, Rory Stewart has led a fascinatingly broad life of public service. He joined the Foreign Office after school, then left to begin a years-long series of walks across the Muslim world. In 2002, his extraordinary walk across post-9/11 Afghanistan resulted in his first book, The Places in Between. After the invasion of Iraq in 2003, he served as a Deputy Governorate Co-Ordinator in Southern Iraq for the coalition forces, and later founded a charity in Kabul. 

To secure his Conservative seat in Parliament, he went on a walking tour of Penrith, covering the entire county as he talked to voters. In 2008, Esquire called him one of the 75 most influential people of the 21st century.

He says: "The world isn't one way or another. Things can be changed very, very rapidly by someone with sufficient confidence, sufficient knowledge and sufficient authority." 

More profile about the speaker
Rory Stewart | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxHousesOfParliament

Rory Stewart: Why democracy matters

羅瑞.史都華:民主為什麼重要

Filmed:
959,226 views

英國國會議員羅瑞.史都華說:公眾正在對民主制度失去信心。伊拉克和阿富汗的新民主政權腐朽不堪,與此同時,84% 的英國人認為英國的政治已死。在這次重要的演講中,史都華發出了重塑民主的呼籲,因為他認為,我們應該先弄清楚民主的重要性──民主不是作為一個工具,而是作為一種理念。
- Politician
Rory Stewart -- a perpetual pedestrian, a diplomat, an adventurer and an author -- is the member of British Parliament for Penrith and the Border. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
So little Billy比利 goes to school學校,
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有一天,小比利去上學
00:19
and he sits坐鎮 down and the teacher老師 says,
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老師問他
00:22
"What does your father父親 do?"
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"你爸爸是做什麼的?"
00:25
And little Billy比利 says, "My father父親 plays播放 the piano鋼琴
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小比利說
00:28
in an opium鴉片 den巢穴."
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"爸爸在鴉片館裡彈鋼琴"
00:32
So the teacher老師 rings戒指 up the parents父母, and says,
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於是老師打電話給家長
00:34
"Very shocking觸目驚心 story故事 from little Billy比利 today今天.
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"今天小比利說"
00:37
Just heard聽說 that he claimed聲稱 that you play the piano鋼琴
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"你在鴉片館裡彈鋼琴"
00:41
in an opium鴉片 den巢穴."
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"我實在是不敢相信"
00:43
And the father父親 says, "I'm very sorry. Yes, it's true真正, I lied說謊.
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小比利的爸爸說,
"真的非常抱歉,我的確撒了謊"
00:47
But how can I tell an eight-year-old八歲 boy男孩
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"但你要我怎麼向一個八歲大的男孩"
00:50
that his father父親 is a politician政治家?" (Laughter笑聲)
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"坦承自己是個政治人物?"(笑聲)
00:55
Now, as a politician政治家 myself, standing常設 in front面前 of you,
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身為一名政治人物,
現在我站在你們面前
00:58
or indeed確實, meeting會議 any stranger陌生人 anywhere隨地 in the world世界,
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就像在世界各地
和不同的人會面一樣
01:01
when I eventually終於 reveal揭示 the nature性質 of my profession職業,
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當我最終揭示我職業的性質
01:04
they look at me as though雖然 I'm somewhere某處 between之間
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人們會用一種奇怪的眼神看著我
01:07
a snake, a monkey and an iguana鬣蜥,
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好像我是隻四不像
01:12
and through通過 all of this, I feel, strongly非常,
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我非常強烈地感覺到
01:16
that something is going wrong錯誤.
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這有些不對勁
01:19
Four hundred years年份 of maturing成熟 democracy民主,
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我們的民主政治已經發展了四百年
01:22
colleagues同事 in Parliament議會 who seem似乎 to me, as individuals個人,
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國會裡的那些同事,在我看來
01:25
reasonably合理 impressive有聲有色, an increasingly日益 educated博學,
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都是非常有魅力,受過高等教育
01:28
energetic有活力, informed通知 population人口, and yet然而
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精力充沛且見識廣博的人
01:33
a deep, deep sense of disappointment失望.
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但人民卻對我們失望透頂
01:38
My colleagues同事 in Parliament議會 include包括, in my new intake錄取,
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新一屆的議會中,我的同事包括
01:42
family家庭 doctors醫生, businesspeople生意人, professors教授,
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家庭醫師、企業家、教授
01:47
distinguished傑出的 economists經濟學家, historians歷史學家, writers作家,
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著名經濟學家、歷史學家、作家
01:51
army軍隊 officers長官 ranging不等 from colonels上校 down to regimental sergeant軍士 majors專業.
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和各級軍官,上至上校下至准尉
01:56
All of them, however然而, including包含 myself, as we walk步行 underneath
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但所有人,包括我自己在內
02:00
those strange奇怪 stone gargoyles怪物 just down the road,
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都對現在的政治情勢感到不安
02:04
feel that we've我們已經 become成為 less than the sum of our parts部分,
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感到膽顫心驚
02:08
feel as though雖然 we have become成為 profoundly深深 diminished減少.
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如履薄冰
02:13
And this isn't just a problem問題 in Britain英國.
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這並不是英國才有的問題
02:18
It's a problem問題 across橫過 the developing發展 world世界,
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這個問題普遍存在於
02:20
and in middle中間 income收入 countries國家 too. In Jamaica牙買加,
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開發中和中等收入國家
02:23
for example -- look at Jamaican牙買加 members會員 of Parliament議會,
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以牙買加的國會議員為例
02:26
you meet遇到 them, and they're often經常 people who are
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他們通常是羅德學者
02:29
Rhodes羅茲 Scholars學者, who've誰一直 studied研究 at Harvard哈佛 or at Princeton普林斯頓,
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畢業於哈佛或普林斯頓大學
02:35
and yet然而, you go down to downtown市中心 Kingston金士頓,
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但是,
你到了金斯頓市中心(牙買加首都)
02:38
and you are looking at one of the most depressing壓抑 sites網站
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看到的卻是
02:41
that you can see in any middle-income中等收入 country國家 in the world世界:
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在任何中等收入國家都能看到
最蕭條的景象
02:45
a dismal慘淡, depressing壓抑 landscape景觀
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放眼望去
02:48
of burnt and half-abandoned半廢棄 buildings房屋.
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無數燒毀的房舍和半廢棄大樓
02:51
And this has been true真正 for 30 years年份, and the handover交出
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這樣的光景已經持續了30年
02:55
in 1979, 1980, between之間 one Jamaican牙買加 leader領導 who was
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1979年、1980年的權力交接時期
02:59
the son兒子 of a Rhodes羅茲 Scholar學者 and a Q.C. to another另一個
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領導人從一個羅德學者,
和皇室法律顧問的兒子
03:02
who'd誰願意 doneDONE an economics經濟學 doctorate博士學位 at Harvard哈佛,
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變成一個哈佛經濟學博士
03:05
over 800 people were killed殺害 in the streets街道
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一樁樁牽涉毒品的暴行
仍然在街頭上演
03:08
in drug-related藥物有關 violence暴力.
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死亡人數高達八百人
03:12
Ten years年份 ago, however然而, the promise諾言 of democracy民主
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然而,十年前民主的承諾
03:16
seemed似乎 to be extraordinary非凡. George喬治 W. Bush襯套 stood站在 up
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似乎很偉大
03:19
in his State of the Union聯盟 address地址 in 2003
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小布希在2003年的國情咨文中表示
03:23
and said that democracy民主 was the force that would beat擊敗
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"民主政治"
03:27
most of the ills弊病 of the world世界. He said,
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"是世界上多數問題的解藥"
03:30
because democratic民主的 governments政府 respect尊重 their own擁有 people
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因為民主政府尊重人民
03:33
and respect尊重 their neighbors鄰居, freedom自由 will bring帶來 peace和平.
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尊重鄰國,自由會帶來和平
03:39
Distinguished傑出的 academics學者 at the same相同 time argued爭論 that
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學者們同時認為
03:43
democracies民主 had this incredible難以置信 range範圍 of side benefits好處.
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民主有超乎想像的附加價值
03:47
They would bring帶來 prosperity繁榮, security安全,
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能帶來繁榮、安定
03:50
overcome克服 sectarian宗派 violence暴力,
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消弭宗派之間的暴力
03:53
ensure確保 that states狀態 would never again harbor港口 terrorists恐怖分子.
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並確保
國家永遠不再窩藏恐怖份子
03:57
Since以來 then, what's happened發生?
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但在那之後,情況又如何呢?
03:59
Well, what we've我們已經 seen看到 is the creation創建, in places地方 like Iraq伊拉克
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我們可以看到,伊拉克和阿富汗
04:03
and Afghanistan阿富汗, of democratic民主的 systems系統 of government政府
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成立的民主政府
04:07
which哪一個 haven't沒有 had any of those side benefits好處.
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卻無法享受上述的任何好處
04:10
In Afghanistan阿富汗, for example, we haven't沒有 just had one election選舉
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舉例來說,我們在
阿富汗不只有一、兩次選舉
04:13
or two elections選舉. We've我們已經 gone走了 through通過 three elections選舉,
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阿富汗已經舉行了三次選舉,
有總統大選也有議會選舉
04:15
presidential總統 and parliamentary議會. And what do we find?
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結果呢?
04:18
Do we find a flourishing芊芊 civil國內 society社會, a vigorous蓬勃 rule規則 of law
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是否就此建立一個
繁榮昌盛,人人奉公守法
04:22
and good security安全? No. What we find in Afghanistan阿富汗
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和平安定的民主社會呢?
並沒有,我們在阿富汗看到的是
04:25
is a judiciary司法 that is weak and corrupt腐敗,
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一個軟弱、腐敗的司法制度
04:30
a very limited有限 civil國內 society社會 which哪一個 is largely大部分 ineffective不靈,
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一個無能的公民社會
04:34
a media媒體 which哪一個 is beginning開始 to get onto its feet
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媒體才剛起步
04:37
but a government政府 that's deeply unpopular不得人心,
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政府卻失去公信力
04:40
perceived感知 as being存在 deeply corrupt腐敗, and security安全
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政權極度腐化
04:43
that is shocking觸目驚心, security安全 that's terrible可怕.
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治安更是糟糕透頂
04:47
In Pakistan巴基斯坦, in lots of sub-Saharan撒哈拉以南 Africa非洲,
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在巴基斯坦和許多撒哈拉以南地區
04:52
again you can see democracy民主 and elections選舉 are compatible兼容
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可以看到一些實行選舉制度的民主政權
04:55
with corrupt腐敗 governments政府, with states狀態 that are unstable不穩定
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仍嚴重腐化
04:59
and dangerous危險.
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國家動盪不安
05:01
And when I have conversations對話 with people, I remember記得
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記得有一次
05:04
having a conversation會話, for example, in Iraq伊拉克,
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和伊拉克人民的對話中
05:07
with a community社區 that asked me
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有人問我
05:09
whether是否 the riot暴動 we were seeing眼看 in front面前 of us,
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眼前這群暴民
05:13
this was a huge巨大 mob暴民 ransacking洗劫一空 a provincial省級 council評議會 building建造,
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洗劫省議會大樓的暴動
05:17
was a sign標誌 of the new democracy民主.
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是不是新民主政權的好兆頭?
05:21
The same相同, I felt, was true真正 in almost幾乎 every一切 single one
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在我造訪過的每一個發展中國家
05:26
of the middle中間 and developing發展 countries國家 that I went to,
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甚至於我自己的國家
05:28
and to some extent程度 the same相同 is true真正 of us.
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這樣的情況都是存在的
05:33
Well, what is the answer回答 to this? Is the answer回答 to just
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那有什麼解決之道呢?
05:35
give up on the idea理念 of democracy民主?
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難道要就此放棄民主嗎?
05:38
Well, obviously明顯 not. It would be absurd荒誕
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顯然,答案是否定的
05:41
if we were to engage從事 again in the kind of operations操作
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如果要把伊拉克和阿富汗
05:44
we were engaged訂婚 in, in Iraq伊拉克 and Afghanistan阿富汗
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再次變回以前的模樣
05:47
if we were to suddenly突然 find ourselves我們自己 in a situation情況
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如果我們突然意識到
05:51
in which哪一個 we were imposing威風
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我們推行的並非一套民主制度
05:54
anything other than a democratic民主的 system系統.
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而是其他東西
05:56
Anything else其他 would run contrary相反 to our values,
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其他和我們的價值觀,人民的意志
05:59
it would run contrary相反 to the wishes祝福 of the people
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和我們的利益背道而馳的東西
06:01
on the ground地面, it would run contrary相反 to our interests利益.
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那就會非常荒謬
06:04
I remember記得 in Iraq伊拉克, for example, that we went through通過
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還記得我在伊拉克的時候
06:08
a period of feeling感覺 that we should delay延遲 democracy民主.
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有一段時間,我們覺得
應該拖延民主的進程
06:10
We went through通過 a period of feeling感覺 that the lesson learned學到了
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我們學到了波士尼亞的教訓
06:13
from Bosnia波斯尼亞 was that elections選舉 held保持 too early
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太早舉行選舉
06:17
enshrined供奉 sectarian宗派 violence暴力, enshrined供奉 extremist極端主義 parties派對,
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反而助長宗派主義暴力,
和極端主義黨派的發展
06:21
so in Iraq伊拉克 in 2003 the decision決定 was made製作,
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所以 ,2003 年,
我們在伊拉克做出了決定
06:24
let's not have elections選舉 for two years年份. Let's invest投資 in
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那就是,
兩年內不進行選舉
06:27
voter選民 education教育. Let's invest投資 in democratization民主化.
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優先投入選民教育和民主化
06:31
The result結果 was that I found發現 stuck卡住 outside my office辦公室
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結果就是,
我辦公室門外聚集了一群人
06:35
a huge巨大 crowd人群 of people, this is actually其實 a photograph照片
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這張照片其實是在利比亞拍的
06:37
taken採取 in Libya利比亞 but I saw the same相同 scene現場 in Iraq伊拉克
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但和我在伊拉克看到的一模一樣
06:41
of people standing常設 outside screaming尖叫 for the elections選舉,
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人們在門外嚷嚷著要求選舉
06:45
and when I went out and said, "What is wrong錯誤
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我一出去,他們就喊道
06:47
with the interim臨時 provincial省級 council評議會?
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"臨時省議會怎麼了?"
06:50
What is wrong錯誤 with the people that we have chosen選擇?
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"我們選出來的人哪裡出問題了?"
06:54
There is a Sunni遜尼派 sheikh酋長, there's a Shiite什葉派 sheikh酋長,
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"議會成員有一名遜尼派族長、一名什葉派族長"
06:57
there's the seven -- leaders領導者 of the seven major重大的 tribes部落,
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"七大部落的七位酋長"
07:00
there's a Christian基督教, there's a Sabian灑遍,
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"一名基督徒、一名薩比教徒"
07:03
there are female representatives代表, there's every一切 political政治 party派對 in this council評議會,
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"數名女性代表,和各黨派人士"
07:07
what's wrong錯誤 with the people that we chose選擇?"
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"我們選出來的人到底哪裡出了問題?"
07:09
The answer回答 came來了, "The problem問題 isn't the people
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我的解讀是,
"問題不在於你們的人選"
07:12
that you chose選擇. The problem問題 is that you chose選擇 them."
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"問題在於你們選了他們"
07:18
I have not met會見, in Afghanistan阿富汗, in even the most
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在阿富汗
07:22
remote遠程 community社區, anybody任何人 who does not want
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即使是最偏遠的地區
07:25
a say in who governs共治 them.
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每一個人都想參與決定誰來統治他們
07:28
Most remote遠程 community社區, I have never met會見 a villager村民
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從來沒有人
07:30
who does not want a vote投票.
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說他不想投票
07:33
So we need to acknowledge確認
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所以我們要體認
07:37
that despite儘管 the dubious可疑 statistics統計, despite儘管 the fact事實 that
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即使數據顯示
07:40
84 percent百分 of people in Britain英國 feel politics政治 is broken破碎,
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84%的英國人認為政治已死
07:46
despite儘管 the fact事實 that when I was in Iraq伊拉克, we did an opinion意見 poll輪詢
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即使我們在伊拉克做了一項民意調查
07:49
in 2003 and asked people what political政治 systems系統 they preferred首選,
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在2003年,
我們要求民眾選擇他們喜歡的政治體系
07:53
and the answer回答 came來了 back that
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結果
07:55
seven percent百分 wanted the United聯合的 States狀態,
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7%想要美國模式
07:58
five percent百分 wanted France法國,
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5%想要法國模式
08:01
three percent百分 wanted Britain英國,
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3%想要英國模式
08:04
and nearly幾乎 40 percent百分 wanted Dubai迪拜, which哪一個 is, after all,
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卻有將近40%選擇了杜拜模式
08:08
not a democratic民主的 state at all but a relatively相對 prosperous繁榮
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阿拉伯聯合大公國
根本不是一個民主國家
08:11
minor次要 monarchy帝制, democracy民主 is a thing of value
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而是相對繁榮的君主制國家
08:15
for which哪一個 we should be fighting戰鬥. But in order訂購 to do so
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民主,
是我們必須一同奮鬥的價值觀
08:19
we need to get away from instrumental儀器的 arguments參數.
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但首先,我們應該避免
08:22
We need to get away from saying democracy民主 matters事項
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整天把那些"民主的好處"
掛在嘴邊,同樣的
08:25
because of the other things it brings帶來.
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我們不該說
08:29
We need to get away from feeling感覺, in the same相同 way,
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人權有很多好處
08:31
human人的 rights權利 matters事項 because of the other things it brings帶來,
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婦權有很多好處
08:34
or women's女士的 rights權利 matters事項 for the other things it brings帶來.
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所以它們很重要
08:38
Why should we get away from those arguments參數?
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為什麼不該這樣說呢?
08:40
Because they're very dangerous危險. If we set about saying,
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因為這種論證很脆弱
08:43
for example, torture拷打 is wrong錯誤 because it doesn't extract提取
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舉個例子,酷刑是錯誤的,
因為它無法取得有利的資訊
08:47
good information信息, or we say, you need women's女士的 rights權利
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或者說,我們需要婦女權利
08:53
because it stimulates提神 economic經濟 growth發展 by doubling加倍 the size尺寸 of the work force,
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因為它能提升勞動力,刺激經濟增長
08:57
you leave離開 yourself你自己 open打開 to the position位置 where
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最後,反而留下把柄
08:59
the government政府 of North Korea韓國 can turn around and say,
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這時候北韓政府就可以說
09:01
"Well actually其實, we're having a lot of success成功 extracting提取
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"事實上,我們正是以酷刑"
09:04
good information信息 with our torture拷打 at the moment時刻,"
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"換取不少有利的資訊"
09:06
or the government政府 of Saudi沙特 Arabia阿拉伯 to say, "Well,
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沙烏地阿拉伯政府也可以說
09:08
our economic經濟 growth's增長的 okay, thank you very much,
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"謝謝關心,我們的經濟還可以"
09:10
considerably相當 better than yours你的,
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"可能還比你們好一點"
09:12
so maybe we don't need to go ahead with this program程序 on women's女士的 rights權利."
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"所以,
也許不需要推動婦權運動了"
09:16
The point about democracy民主 is not instrumental儀器的.
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民主的重要性,
不在於其本身的"好處"
09:20
It's not about the things that it brings帶來.
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也不是它帶來的利益
09:23
The point about democracy民主 is not that it delivers提供
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民主的重要性不在於它體現了
09:25
legitimate合法, effective有效, prosperous繁榮 rule規則 of law.
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法律的正當性、有效性,和繁榮發展
09:32
It's not that it guarantees擔保 peace和平 with itself本身 or with its neighbors鄰居.
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民主不能保證
一國及其鄰邦的安全
09:36
The point about democracy民主 is intrinsic固有.
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民主的奧義
09:39
Democracy民主 matters事項 because it reflects反映 an idea理念 of equality平等
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在於它反映了平等的理念
09:45
and an idea理念 of liberty自由. It reflects反映 an idea理念 of dignity尊嚴,
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自由的理念,以及人的尊嚴
09:49
the dignity尊嚴 of the individual個人, the idea理念 that each individual個人
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它體現了每個人都有平等的權利
09:53
should have an equal等於 vote投票, an equal等於 say,
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用選票
09:56
in the formation編隊 of their government政府.
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決定誰來組成政府
10:00
But if we're really to make democracy民主 vigorous蓬勃 again,
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但如果我們真的想讓民主復甦
10:04
if we're ready準備 to revivify復活 it, we need to get involved參與
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我們需要
10:07
in a new project項目 of the citizens公民 and the politicians政治家.
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公民和政治人物的共同努力
10:12
Democracy民主 is not simply只是 a question of structures結構.
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民主不單單是政權結構的問題
10:16
It is a state of mind心神. It is an activity活動.
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它是一種思想狀態,也是一種行動
10:20
And part部分 of that activity活動 is honesty誠實.
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而誠實則是其中的一部分
10:24
After I speak說話 to you today今天, I'm going on a radio無線電 program程序
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今天演講結束後,我要去參加一個
10:28
called "Any Questions問題," and the thing you will have noticed注意到
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叫做"你問我答"的電台節目,
你們可能有發現
10:30
about politicians政治家 on these kinds of radio無線電 programs程式
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參加這類節目的政治人物們
10:34
is that they never, ever say that they don't know the answer回答
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永遠永遠都不會說"不知道"
10:37
to a question. It doesn't matter what it is.
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不管是什麼樣的問題
10:39
If you ask about child兒童 tax credits學分, the future未來 of the penguins企鵝
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問兒童稅收抵免
10:42
in the south Antarctic南極洲, asked to hold保持 forth向前 on whether是否 or not
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問南極企鵝的未來
10:47
the developments發展 in Chongqing contribute有助於
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問中國重慶的發展
10:49
to sustainable可持續發展 development發展 in carbon capture捕獲,
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或對可持續發展之炭的回收封存
10:52
and we will have an answer回答 for you.
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我們都有答案
10:54
We need to stop that, to stop pretending假裝 to be
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我們必須停止這麼說
10:58
omniscient無所不知 beings眾生.
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不要再假裝無所不知
11:00
Politicians政治家 also need to learn學習, occasionally偶爾, to say that
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政治人物偶爾也要
11:03
certain某些 things that voters選民 want, certain某些 things that voters選民
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說一些選民想聽的話
11:07
have been promised許諾, may可能 be things
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一些曾向選民承諾過的事
11:11
that we cannot不能 deliver交付
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可能是一些做不到的事
11:14
or perhaps也許 that we feel we should not deliver交付.
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或覺得不應該做
11:18
And the second第二 thing we should do is understand理解
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我們應該做的第二件事是
11:21
the genius天才 of our societies社會.
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理解這個社會的天才
11:24
Our societies社會 have never been so educated博學, have never
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我們的社會從來沒有
像現在這麼高的教育水準
11:28
been so energized通電, have never been so healthy健康,
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從來沒有像現在這樣,
健康,充滿活力
11:31
have never known已知 so much, cared照顧 so much,
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人們從來沒有像現在這樣
知道這麼多,關心這麼多
11:33
or wanted to do so much, and it is a genius天才 of the local本地.
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需要這麼多,
這是整個社會的智慧結晶
11:39
One of the reasons原因 why we're moving移動 away
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我們為何要離開
11:42
from banqueting宴會 halls大廳 such這樣 as the one in which哪一個 we stand,
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我們所在的宴會大廳?
11:46
banqueting宴會 halls大廳 with extraordinary非凡 images圖片 on the ceiling天花板
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看看天花板上耀眼的壁畫
11:50
of kings國王 enthroned登基,
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描繪著國王登基的場景
11:52
the entire整個 drama戲劇 played發揮 out here on this space空間,
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這裡上演過各種各樣的戲碼
11:55
where the King國王 of England英國 had his head lopped除名 off,
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英國國王在這裡被砍頭
11:58
why we've我們已經 moved移動 from spaces空間 like this, thrones寶座 like that,
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為什麼我們要走出大廳,
走下王座
12:02
towards the town hall大廳, is we're moving移動 more and more
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走進了現在的市政廳?
12:06
towards the energies能量 of our people, and we need to tap龍頭 that.
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因為我們要開始關注人民的力量
12:10
That can mean different不同 things in different不同 countries國家.
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改變的意義
對每一個國家來說不盡相同
12:13
In Britain英國, it could mean looking to the French法國,
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對英國而言,這意味著
12:16
learning學習 from the French法國,
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向法國學習
12:18
getting得到 directly elected當選 mayors市長 in place地點
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學習法國公民社會體系
12:21
in a French法國 commune公社 system系統.
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直接選舉市長的模式
12:24
In Afghanistan阿富汗, it could have meant意味著 instead代替 of concentrating集中
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對阿富汗來說,
這意味著不再執著於
12:27
on the big presidential總統 and parliamentary議會 elections選舉,
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總統大選和議會選舉
12:29
we should have doneDONE what was in the Afghan阿富汗 constitution憲法
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首先,我們應該完成阿富汗的憲法
12:31
from the very beginning開始, which哪一個 is to get direct直接 local本地 elections選舉 going
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從當地直接選出省長市長開始
12:36
at a district level水平 and elect people's人們 provincial省級 governors州長.
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一步步推行民主
12:42
But for any of these things to work,
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若要這些方法生效
12:44
the honesty誠實 in language語言, the local本地 democracy民主,
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誠實必須被放在首位
12:47
it's not just a question of what politicians政治家 do.
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這不僅僅是政治人物的問題
12:50
It's a question of what the citizens公民 do.
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也是每個公民的問題
12:52
For politicians政治家 to be honest誠實, the public上市 needs需求 to allow允許 them to be honest誠實,
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公眾應該要求政治人物誠實,
他們才會變誠實
12:57
and the media媒體, which哪一個 mediates中介 between之間 the politicians政治家
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而在政治人物和公眾之間協調的媒體
13:00
and the public上市, needs需求 to allow允許 those politicians政治家 to be honest誠實.
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也應要求政治人物們必須誠實
13:04
If local本地 democracy民主 is to flourish繁榮, it is about the active活性
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每個公民都享有充分知的權利
13:08
and informed通知 engagement訂婚 of every一切 citizen公民.
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並積極地參與當地民主建設,
民主才能夠蓬勃發展
13:12
In other words, if democracy民主 is to be rebuilt重建,
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換句話說,如果我們想要重塑民主
13:16
is to become成為 again vigorous蓬勃 and vibrant充滿活力,
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讓它再次充滿活力
13:21
it is necessary必要 not just for the public上市
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不僅公眾需要學會
13:24
to learn學習 to trust相信 their politicians政治家,
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怎樣去相信他們的政治人物
13:27
but for the politicians政治家 to learn學習 to trust相信 the public上市.
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政治人物也要學會
怎樣信任他們的民眾
13:32
Thank you very much indeed確實. (Applause掌聲)
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謝謝各位!(掌聲)
Translated by 盧曉天 .
Reviewed by Rudy Fernandez

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rory Stewart - Politician
Rory Stewart -- a perpetual pedestrian, a diplomat, an adventurer and an author -- is the member of British Parliament for Penrith and the Border.

Why you should listen

Now the member of British Parliament for Penrith and the Border, in rural northwest England, Rory Stewart has led a fascinatingly broad life of public service. He joined the Foreign Office after school, then left to begin a years-long series of walks across the Muslim world. In 2002, his extraordinary walk across post-9/11 Afghanistan resulted in his first book, The Places in Between. After the invasion of Iraq in 2003, he served as a Deputy Governorate Co-Ordinator in Southern Iraq for the coalition forces, and later founded a charity in Kabul. 

To secure his Conservative seat in Parliament, he went on a walking tour of Penrith, covering the entire county as he talked to voters. In 2008, Esquire called him one of the 75 most influential people of the 21st century.

He says: "The world isn't one way or another. Things can be changed very, very rapidly by someone with sufficient confidence, sufficient knowledge and sufficient authority." 

More profile about the speaker
Rory Stewart | Speaker | TED.com