TEDxSanFrancisco
Sebastien de Halleux: How a fleet of wind-powered drones is changing our understanding of the ocean
賽巴斯汀迪 · 哈李烏克斯: 風力無人機艦隊如何改變我們對海洋的了解
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我們的海洋尚未被深入探索或被足夠地採樣，現今我們對於其他星球的了解仍然多於地球。要如何更了解這個廣大且重要的生態系統呢？勘探者賽巴斯汀 · 迪哈李烏克斯細述一支風力和太陽能推動的無人機艦隊，如何在海洋上收集資料並深入探討全球天氣和魚類健康等議題。來深入了解海洋和它對陸地上的人類有什麼意涵。
Sebastien de Halleux - Entrepreneur, explorer
Sebastien de Halleux is a technology entrepreneur with a lifelong passion for building impactful businesses. Full bio
Sebastien de Halleux is a technology entrepreneur with a lifelong passion for building impactful businesses. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
We know more about
other planets than our own,
other planets than our own,
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我們對於其他星球的了解
比我們自己的星球還多，
比我們自己的星球還多，
00:17
and today, I want to show you
a new type of robot
a new type of robot
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今天，我想要跟大家介紹
一種新型機器人，
一種新型機器人，
00:20
designed to help us
better understand our own planet.
better understand our own planet.
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設計來協助我們
更了解我們的星球。
更了解我們的星球。
00:25
It belongs to a category
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它隸屬的類別
在海洋學的圈子裡稱為
在海洋學的圈子裡稱為
00:27
known in the oceanographic community
as an unmanned surface vehicle, or USV.
as an unmanned surface vehicle, or USV.
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「無人水面載具」，簡稱 USV。
00:32
And it uses no fuel.
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它不需要燃料。
00:35
Instead, it relies
on wind power for propulsion.
on wind power for propulsion.
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取而代之，它靠風力來推進。
00:39
And yet, it can sail around the globe
for months at a time.
for months at a time.
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但，它一次就可以
航行全球數個月。
航行全球數個月。
00:43
So I want to share with you
why we built it,
why we built it,
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我想要和大家分享的是
我們打造它的原因，
我們打造它的原因，
00:46
and what it means for you.
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以及它對你們的意義。
00:49
A few years ago, I was on a sailboat
making its way across the Pacific,
making its way across the Pacific,
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幾年前，我坐船航行在太平洋上，
00:54
from San Francisco to Hawaii.
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從舊金山到夏威夷。
00:57
I had just spent the past 10 years
working nonstop,
working nonstop,
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我過去十年不停歇地努力
01:00
developing video games
for hundreds of millions of users,
for hundreds of millions of users,
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為數百萬使用者開發電玩遊戲，
01:03
and I wanted to take a step back
and look at the big picture
and look at the big picture
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我想要退一步，看看整體全局，
01:07
and get some much-needed thinking time.
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留給自己一些很必要的思考時間。
01:09
I was the navigator on board,
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我是船上的領航員，
01:12
and one evening, after a long session
analyzing weather data
analyzing weather data
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有天晚上，在花了很長的
時間分析氣象資料
時間分析氣象資料
並繪出我們的航線圖之後，
01:15
and plotting our course,
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01:17
I came up on deck and saw
this beautiful sunset.
this beautiful sunset.
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我到甲板上，看到美麗的日落。
01:20
And a thought occurred to me:
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我腦中浮現了一個念頭：
01:22
How much do we really know
about our oceans?
about our oceans?
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我們對於我們的海洋知道多少？
01:27
The Pacific was stretching all around me
as far as the eye could see,
as far as the eye could see,
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在我視線範圍整個都是
太平洋的延伸，
太平洋的延伸，
01:31
and the waves were
rocking our boat forcefully,
rocking our boat forcefully,
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海浪讓我們的船劇烈搖動，
01:33
a sort of constant reminder
of its untold power.
of its untold power.
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不時提醒我們
未知的海洋力量有多強大。
未知的海洋力量有多強大。
01:37
How much do we really know
about our oceans?
about our oceans?
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我們對海洋知道多少？
01:41
I decided to find out.
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我決定要找出答案。
01:44
What I quickly learned
is that we don't know very much.
is that we don't know very much.
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我很快就了解到，我們所知甚少。
01:47
The first reason is just
how vast oceans are,
how vast oceans are,
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第一個原因就只是海洋太廣大了，
01:50
covering 70 percent of the planet,
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覆蓋了地球 70% 的表面，
01:53
and yet we know they drive
complex planetary systems
complex planetary systems
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我們知道它們會帶動
複雜的地球系統，
複雜的地球系統，
01:56
like global weather,
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比如全球天氣，這會影響到
我們的日常生活，
我們的日常生活，
01:57
which affect all of us on a daily basis,
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02:00
sometimes dramatically.
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有時影響還很大。
02:02
And yet, those activities
are mostly invisible to us.
are mostly invisible to us.
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但，那些活動大部分
都是我們看不見的。
都是我們看不見的。
02:06
Ocean data is scarce by any standard.
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不論用什麼標準來看，
海洋資料都很稀少。
海洋資料都很稀少。
02:11
Back on land, I had grown used to
accessing lots of sensors --
accessing lots of sensors --
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回到陸地上，我已經很習慣
使用許多感測器——
02:16
billions of them, actually.
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其實，是數十億個。
02:18
But at sea, in situ data
is scarce and expensive.
is scarce and expensive.
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但在海上，現場資料
稀少且昂貴。
02:25
Why? Because it relies on
a small number of ships and buoys.
a small number of ships and buoys.
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為什麼？因為它要仰賴
很少量的船隻和浮標。
很少量的船隻和浮標。
02:29
How small a number
was actually a great surprise.
was actually a great surprise.
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數量少到讓人吃驚。
02:33
Our National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration,
and Atmospheric Administration,
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我國的海洋暨大氣總署，
02:36
better known as NOAA,
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更為人熟知的簡稱 NOAA，
只有十六艘船，
只有十六艘船，
02:38
only has 16 ships,
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02:40
and there are less than
200 buoys offshore globally.
200 buoys offshore globally.
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全球近海的浮標還不到兩百個。
02:45
It is easy to understand why:
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原因很容易理解：
02:47
the oceans are an unforgiving place,
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海洋是個無情的地方，
02:49
and to collect in situ data,
you need a big ship,
you need a big ship,
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要收集現場資料，就需要大船，
02:52
capable of carrying a vast amount of fuel
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要能夠裝載大量的燃料，
02:55
and large crews,
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很多船員，
02:57
costing hundreds
of millions of dollars each,
of millions of dollars each,
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每艘船都要花上
數百萬美金的成本，
數百萬美金的成本，
03:00
or, big buoys tethered to the ocean floor
with a four-mile-long cable
with a four-mile-long cable
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或者，用四英里纜線
拴在海底的大型浮標
拴在海底的大型浮標
03:06
and weighted down
by a set of train wheels,
by a set of train wheels,
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用一組火車車輪壓住，
03:09
which is both dangerous to deploy
and expensive to maintain.
and expensive to maintain.
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部署十分危險，維護十分昂貴。
03:14
What about satellites, you might ask?
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你可能會問，那衛星呢？
03:17
Well, satellites are fantastic,
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嗯，衛星很棒，
03:18
and they have taught us
so much about the big picture
so much about the big picture
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在過去數十年間，它們讓我們
學到了好多整體的情況。
學到了好多整體的情況。
03:21
over the past few decades.
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03:23
However, the problem with satellites
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然而，衛星的問題在於
03:25
is they can only see through one micron
of the surface of the ocean.
of the surface of the ocean.
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它們只能看穿海洋表面的一微米。
03:31
They have relatively poor
spatial and temporal resolution,
spatial and temporal resolution,
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它們的空間和時間
解析度相對比較差，
解析度相對比較差，
03:35
and their signal needs to be corrected
for cloud cover and land effects
for cloud cover and land effects
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且它們的訊號需要根據雲層覆蓋、
陸地效應，及其他因子來做校調。
03:39
and other factors.
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03:42
So what is going on in the oceans?
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所以，海洋裡的狀況如何？
03:45
And what are we trying to measure?
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我們想要測量的是什麼？
03:48
And how could a robot be of any use?
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機器人又有什麼用途？
03:51
Let's zoom in on
a small cube in the ocean.
a small cube in the ocean.
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咱們把海洋的一小塊放大來看。
03:55
One of the key things we want
to understand is the surface,
to understand is the surface,
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我們想要了解的關鍵之一是表面，
03:58
because the surface,
if you think about it,
if you think about it,
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因為如果你細想，
04:00
is the nexus of all air-sea interaction.
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表面是所有空氣和海洋互動的交界處。
04:04
It is the interface through which
all energy and gases must flow.
all energy and gases must flow.
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它是個介面，所有能量
和氣體都要流過它。
和氣體都要流過它。
04:09
Our sun radiates energy,
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我們的太陽會散發能量，
04:11
which is absorbed by oceans as heat
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海洋會將它以熱能的形式吸收，
04:14
and then partially released
into the atmosphere.
into the atmosphere.
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接著將一部分釋放到大氣當中。
04:17
Gases in our atmosphere like CO2
get dissolved into our oceans.
get dissolved into our oceans.
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我們大氣中的氣體，如二氧化碳，
會溶解到我們的海洋中。
會溶解到我們的海洋中。
04:22
Actually, about 30 percent
of all global CO2 gets absorbed.
of all global CO2 gets absorbed.
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事實上，全球有大約
30% 的二氧化碳被吸收。
30% 的二氧化碳被吸收。
04:26
Plankton and microorganisms
release oxygen into the atmosphere,
release oxygen into the atmosphere,
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浮游生物和微生物
會把氧氣釋放到大氣中，
會把氧氣釋放到大氣中，
04:30
so much so that every other breath
you take comes from the ocean.
you take comes from the ocean.
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量大到你所吸的每兩口氣
就有一口來自海洋。
就有一口來自海洋。
04:34
Some of that heat generates evaporation,
which creates clouds
which creates clouds
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有些熱能會產生蒸發，創造出雲，
04:37
and then eventually
leads to precipitation.
leads to precipitation.
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最終導致降雨。
04:39
And pressure gradients
create surface wind,
create surface wind,
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壓力梯度會造成地表的風，
04:42
which moves the moisture
through the atmosphere.
through the atmosphere.
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讓濕氣透過大氣來移動。
04:45
Some of the heat radiates down
into the deep ocean
into the deep ocean
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有些熱能向下發散到海洋深處，
04:49
and gets stored in different layers,
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儲存在不同層，
04:51
the ocean acting as some kind
of planetary-scale boiler
of planetary-scale boiler
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海洋就像是地球規模的鍋爐，
將所有那些能量儲存起來，
將所有那些能量儲存起來，
04:55
to store all that energy,
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04:56
which later might be released
in short-term events like hurricanes
in short-term events like hurricanes
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後續可能會透過
短期事件來釋放，如颶風，
短期事件來釋放，如颶風，
05:00
or long-term phenomena like El Niño.
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或長期現象，如聖嬰現象。
05:03
These layers can get mixed up
by vertical upwelling currents
by vertical upwelling currents
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垂直向上湧出的氣流
可能會將各層混合，
可能會將各層混合，
05:07
or horizontal currents,
which are key in transporting heat
which are key in transporting heat
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還有水平的氣流，對於將熱能
從熱帶傳送到極地，
扮演了關鍵角色。
扮演了關鍵角色。
05:11
from the tropics to the poles.
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05:13
And of course, there is marine life,
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當然，還有海洋生物，
05:16
occupying the largest ecosystem
in volume on the planet,
in volume on the planet,
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佔據了地球上體積
最大的生態系統，
最大的生態系統，
05:21
from microorganisms to fish
to marine mammals,
to marine mammals,
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從微生物，到魚類，
到海洋哺乳類動物，
到海洋哺乳類動物，
05:25
like seals, dolphins and whales.
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如海豹（seal）、海豚，和鯨魚。
05:28
But all of these
are mostly invisible to us.
are mostly invisible to us.
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但，這些大部分是我們看不見的。
05:33
The challenge in studying
those ocean variables at scale
those ocean variables at scale
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大規模研究這些
海洋變量的挑戰是能量，
05:39
is one of energy,
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將感測器部署到海洋深處的能量。
05:41
the energy that it takes to deploy
sensors into the deep ocean.
sensors into the deep ocean.
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當然，已經有許多
解決方案被嘗試過——
解決方案被嘗試過——
05:46
And of course, many solutions
have been tried --
have been tried --
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從浪流驅動裝置，
到衛星追蹤浮球，
到衛星追蹤浮球，
05:48
from wave-actuated devices
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05:50
to surface drifters
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05:52
to sun-powered electrical drives --
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到太陽能電子裝置——
05:54
each with their own compromises.
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每一種都有它要妥協的地方。
05:57
Our team breakthrough came
from an unlikely source --
from an unlikely source --
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我們團隊的突破，來自
一個很不可能的來源——
一個很不可能的來源——
06:00
the pursuit of the world speed record
in a wind-powered land yacht.
in a wind-powered land yacht.
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追求打破陸上風帆
速度的世界記錄。
速度的世界記錄。
06:05
It took 10 years of research
and development
and development
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在十年的研究和開發之後，
06:08
to come up with a novel wing concept
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才出現了一種新穎的機翼概念，
06:10
that only uses three watts
of power to control
of power to control
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只用三瓦特的電力就可以控制，
06:14
and yet can propel a vehicle
all around the globe
all around the globe
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但似乎可以非常自主地
將載具推進到全世界各地。
06:17
with seemingly unlimited autonomy.
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06:20
By adapting this wing concept
into a marine vehicle,
into a marine vehicle,
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我們把這種機翼概念
用到海洋載具上，
用到海洋載具上，
06:24
we had the genesis of an ocean drone.
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創造出了海洋無人機。
06:27
Now, these are larger than they appear.
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它們比看起來的還要大。
06:29
They are about 15 feet high,
23 feet long, seven feet deep.
23 feet long, seven feet deep.
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它們有約十五英尺高，
二十三英尺長，七英尺深。
二十三英尺長，七英尺深。
06:34
Think of them as surface satellites.
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把它們想成是地表衛星。
06:36
They're laden with an array
of science-grade sensors
of science-grade sensors
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它們裝滿了一大堆
科學等級的感測器，
科學等級的感測器，
06:39
that measure all key variables,
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用來測量各種變數，
06:41
both oceanographic and atmospheric,
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包括海洋學變數和大氣變數，
06:44
and a live satellite link transmits
this high-resolution data
this high-resolution data
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還有現場的衛星連結傳輸，
將這些高解析度的資料
將這些高解析度的資料
06:48
back to shore in real time.
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即時回傳到岸上。
06:51
Our team has been hard at work
over the past few years,
over the past few years,
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過去幾年，我們的團隊
一直很努力，
一直很努力，
在地球上一些最艱鉅的
海洋條件下執行任務，
海洋條件下執行任務，
06:54
conducting missions in some of
the toughest ocean conditions
the toughest ocean conditions
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06:57
on the planet,
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06:59
from the Arctic to the tropical Pacific.
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從北極圈到熱帶太平洋。
07:01
We have sailed all the way
to the polar ice shelf.
to the polar ice shelf.
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我們曾經一路航行到極地冰架。
07:04
We have sailed into Atlantic hurricanes.
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我們曾經航行到大西洋颶風中。
07:07
We have rounded Cape Horn,
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我們曾經繞過合恩角，
07:09
and we have slalomed between
the oil rigs of the Gulf of Mexico.
the oil rigs of the Gulf of Mexico.
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我們曾經在墨西哥灣的
石油井間迂迴前進。
石油井間迂迴前進。
07:12
This is one tough robot.
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這是個很強悍的機器人。
07:15
Let me share with you
recent work that we did
recent work that we did
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讓我跟各位分享我們近期
在普里比洛夫群島做了什麼。
07:18
around the Pribilof Islands.
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07:20
This is a small group of islands
deep in the cold Bering Sea
deep in the cold Bering Sea
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這是一小群島嶼，
在寒冷的白令海深處，
在寒冷的白令海深處，
07:24
between the US and Russia.
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位在美國和俄國之間。
07:26
Now, the Bering Sea is the home
of the walleye pollock,
of the walleye pollock,
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白令海是狹鱈的家，
07:30
which is a whitefish
you might not recognize,
you might not recognize,
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狹鱈是一種白色鱒魚，
你們可能不認得，
你們可能不認得，
07:32
but you might likely have tasted
if you enjoy fish sticks or surimi.
if you enjoy fish sticks or surimi.
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但如果你們喜歡吃魚條或魚肉醬，
很可能就有嚐過牠。
很可能就有嚐過牠。
07:37
Yes, surimi looks like crabmeat,
but it's actually pollock.
but it's actually pollock.
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是的，魚肉醬看起來像蟹肉，
但其實是狹鱈。
但其實是狹鱈。
07:41
And the pollock fishery
is the largest fishery in the nation,
is the largest fishery in the nation,
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而狹鱈漁業是美國最大的漁業，
07:44
both in terms of value and volume --
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在價值上和產量上都是最大的——
07:47
about 3.1 billion pounds
of fish caught every year.
of fish caught every year.
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每年會捕獲大約三十一億磅的魚。
07:51
So over the past few years,
a fleet of ocean drones
a fleet of ocean drones
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在過去幾年，一支海洋無人機機隊
07:54
has been hard at work in the Bering Sea
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在白令海努力工作著，
07:56
with the goal to help assess
the size of the pollock fish stock.
the size of the pollock fish stock.
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目標是要協助評估
狹鱈魚群到底有多大。
狹鱈魚群到底有多大。
08:01
This helps improve the quota system
that's used to manage the fishery
that's used to manage the fishery
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這資訊能協助改善
用來管理漁業的配額系統，
用來管理漁業的配額系統，
08:04
and help prevent a collapse
of the fish stock
of the fish stock
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並協助預防這種魚群大量減少，
08:07
and protects this fragile ecosystem.
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保護這個脆弱的生態系統。
08:10
Now, the drones survey
the fishing ground using acoustics,
the fishing ground using acoustics,
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無人機利用聲學來調查魚場，
08:15
i.e., a sonar.
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也就是聲納。
08:16
This sends a sound wave downwards,
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它會向下發出聲波，
08:20
and then the reflection,
the echo from the sound wave
the echo from the sound wave
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接著反射，碰到海床或魚群時，
08:22
from the seabed or schools of fish,
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聲波會產生回聲，
08:24
gives us an idea of what's happening
below the surface.
below the surface.
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讓我們知道在海面底下的狀況。
08:27
Our ocean drones are actually
pretty good at this repetitive task,
pretty good at this repetitive task,
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我們的海洋無人機其實很擅長
做這種重覆性的工作任務，
做這種重覆性的工作任務，
08:31
so they have been gridding
the Bering Sea day in, day out.
the Bering Sea day in, day out.
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它們一天到晚
在白令海分區辛勤工作。
在白令海分區辛勤工作。
08:35
Now, the Pribilof Islands are also
the home of a large colony of fur seals.
the home of a large colony of fur seals.
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普里比洛夫群島
也是許多海狗（fur seal）的家。
08:43
In the 1950s, there were about
two million individuals in that colony.
two million individuals in that colony.
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在五〇年代，這個聚居地
約有兩百萬隻海狗。
約有兩百萬隻海狗。
08:48
Sadly, these days,
the population has rapidly declined.
the population has rapidly declined.
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感傷的是，近期數量已快速下降，
08:52
There's less than 50 percent
of that number left,
of that number left,
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只剩下不到一半，
08:54
and the population
continues to fall rapidly.
continues to fall rapidly.
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且數量還在持續快速減少。
08:57
So to understand why,
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所以，為了了解原因，
09:00
our science partner at
the National Marine Mammal Laboratory
the National Marine Mammal Laboratory
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我們在國家海洋哺乳類動物
實驗室的科學夥伴
實驗室的科學夥伴
09:03
has fitted a GPS tag
on some of the mother seals,
on some of the mother seals,
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在一些海狗媽媽的身上
裝上了 GPS 追蹤器，
裝上了 GPS 追蹤器，
09:06
glued to their furs.
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黏在牠們的毛皮上。
09:08
And this tag measures location and depth
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這種追蹤器會測量地點和深度，
09:11
and also has a really cool little camera
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還配有一個很酷的小攝影機，
09:13
that's triggered by sudden acceleration.
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只要突然加速就會啟動它。
09:16
Here is a movie taken
by an artistically inclined seal,
by an artistically inclined seal,
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這段影片來自一隻優美下潛的海狗，
09:20
giving us unprecedented insight
into an underwater hunt
into an underwater hunt
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讓我們能看到北極圈
深處的水下狩獵，
深處的水下狩獵，
09:23
deep in the Arctic,
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這是前所未有的，
09:25
and the shot of this pollock prey
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這張照片是被捕食的狹鱈，
09:28
just seconds before it gets devoured.
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幾秒鐘後牠就被吃掉了。
09:30
Now, doing work in the Arctic
is very tough, even for a robot.
is very tough, even for a robot.
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即使對機器人來說，
在北極圈工作也是很艱苦的。
在北極圈工作也是很艱苦的。
09:34
They had to survive a snowstorm in August
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它們得要在八月雪暴中存活下來，
09:37
and interferences from bystanders --
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還會受到旁觀者的干涉——
09:40
that little spotted seal enjoying a ride.
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那隻斑海豹（spotted seal）
很享受搭便車。
很享受搭便車。
09:44
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
09:47
Now, the seal tags have recorded
over 200,000 dives over the season,
over 200,000 dives over the season,
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海狗追蹤器記錄了
當季超過二十萬次潛水，
09:54
and upon a closer look,
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靠近一點看，
09:56
we get to see the individual seal tracks
and the repetitive dives.
and the repetitive dives.
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我們可以看到每隻海狗的
個別軌跡和重覆的下潛。
個別軌跡和重覆的下潛。
10:01
We are on our way to decode
what is really happening
what is really happening
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我們正在譯解，來探究
那掠食之地上到底有什麼狀況，
10:04
over that foraging ground,
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10:05
and it's quite beautiful.
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它非常漂亮。
10:08
Once you superimpose the acoustic data
collected by the drones,
collected by the drones,
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一旦你把無人機收集的
聲學資料疊上去，
聲學資料疊上去，
10:11
a picture starts to emerge.
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就會有一張影像浮現。
10:13
As the seals leave the islands
and swim from left to right,
and swim from left to right,
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當海狗離開島嶼，
從左向右游時，
10:18
they are observed to dive at a relatively
shallow depth of about 20 meters,
shallow depth of about 20 meters,
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可以觀察到牠們下潛的深度
相對比較淺，大約二十公尺，
相對比較淺，大約二十公尺，
10:22
which the drone identifies
is populated by small young pollock
is populated by small young pollock
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無人機辨識出在這個深度
有小型年輕的狹鱈，
有小型年輕的狹鱈，
10:26
with low calorific content.
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含熱量低。
10:28
The seals then swim much greater distance
and start to dive deeper
and start to dive deeper
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接著，海狗會游比較遠的距離，
開始潛得比較深，
開始潛得比較深，
10:33
to a place where the drone identifies
larger, more adult pollock,
larger, more adult pollock,
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根據無人機的資訊，牠們
前往的地方有比較大的成年狹鱈，
前往的地方有比較大的成年狹鱈，
10:37
which are more nutritious as fish.
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是比較有營養的魚類。
10:40
Unfortunately, the calories expended
by the mother seals
by the mother seals
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不幸的是，海狗媽媽
為了游這額外的距離
為了游這額外的距離
10:44
to swim this extra distance
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而消耗的熱量，
10:46
don't leave them with enough energy
to lactate their pups back on the island,
to lactate their pups back on the island,
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導致牠們沒有足夠的能量
回去給島嶼上的小海狗餵奶，
回去給島嶼上的小海狗餵奶，
10:51
leading to the population decline.
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造成族群數量下降。
10:54
Further, the drones identify that
the water temperature around the island
the water temperature around the island
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此外，無人機發現，
島嶼附近的水溫
10:59
has significantly warmed.
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明顯變暖了。
11:01
It might be one of the driving forces
that's pushing the pollock north,
that's pushing the pollock north,
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可能就是這股力量
在驅使狹鱈北移，
在驅使狹鱈北移，
11:05
and to spread in search of colder regions.
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並散開來尋找比較冷的區域。
11:08
So the data analysis is ongoing,
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資料分析還在進行中，
11:10
but already we can see
that some of the pieces of the puzzle
that some of the pieces of the puzzle
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但我們已經可以看到海狗之謎
已經有些拼圖片漸漸變清晰了。
11:13
from the fur seal mystery
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11:15
are coming into focus.
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11:18
But if you look back at the big picture,
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但，如果你回頭看看整體，
11:20
we are mammals, too.
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我們也是哺乳類動物。
11:23
And actually, the oceans provide
up to 20 kilos of fish per human per year.
up to 20 kilos of fish per human per year.
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事實上，海洋每年為每個人
提供高達二十公斤的魚類。
提供高達二十公斤的魚類。
當我們不斷消耗魚群，我們人類
能從海狗的故事裡學到什麼？
能從海狗的故事裡學到什麼？
11:26
As we deplete our fish stocks,
what can we humans learn
what can we humans learn
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11:30
from the fur seal story?
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11:32
And beyond fish, the oceans
affect all of us daily
affect all of us daily
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除了魚類之外，海洋每天
也影響著我們所有人，
也影響著我們所有人，
11:35
as they drive global weather systems,
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因為海洋會帶動全球天氣系統，
影響比如全球農業產出，
影響比如全球農業產出，
11:37
which affect things like
global agricultural output
global agricultural output
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11:40
or can lead to devastating destruction
of lives and property
of lives and property
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或可能透過颶風、
極度高溫，和洪水，
極度高溫，和洪水，
11:43
through hurricanes,
extreme heat and floods.
extreme heat and floods.
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造成生命的嚴重損失和貧困。
11:47
Our oceans are pretty much
unexplored and undersampled,
unexplored and undersampled,
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我們的海洋還有太多未被
探索之處，也沒有足夠的採樣，
探索之處，也沒有足夠的採樣，
11:51
and today, we still know more
about other planets than our own.
about other planets than our own.
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現今，我們對於其他星球的了解
仍然多於我們的星球。
仍然多於我們的星球。
11:56
But if you divide this vast ocean
in six-by-six-degree squares,
in six-by-six-degree squares,
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但，如果把廣大的海洋
切割成 6x6 度的正方形，
切割成 6x6 度的正方形，
11:59
each about 400 miles long,
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每一塊大約四百英里長，
12:03
you'd get about 1,000 such squares.
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你就會得到大約
一千個這種正方形。
一千個這種正方形。
12:05
So little by little,
working with our partners,
working with our partners,
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所以，我們和合作夥伴
一點一點來努力，
一點一點來努力，
12:08
we are deploying one ocean drone
in each of those boxes,
in each of those boxes,
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我們在每一個格中
部署一台海洋無人機，
部署一台海洋無人機，
12:12
the hope being that
achieving planetary coverage
achieving planetary coverage
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希望能夠涵蓋整個地球，
12:14
will give us better insights
into those planetary systems
into those planetary systems
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讓我們更深入了解
那些會影響人類的地球系統。
12:17
that affect humanity.
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12:19
We have been using robots to study
distant worlds in our solar system
distant worlds in our solar system
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我們開始用機器人
來研究我們太陽系中
來研究我們太陽系中
遙遠的世界已經有一段時間了。
12:23
for a while now.
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12:24
Now it is time to quantify our own planet,
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該是量化我們星球的時候了。
12:28
because we cannot fix
what we cannot measure,
what we cannot measure,
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因為我們無法修復
我們無法測量的東西，
我們無法測量的東西，
12:32
and we cannot prepare
for what we don't know.
for what we don't know.
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且我們無法準備我們未知的東西。
12:35
Thank you.
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謝謝。
12:36
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sebastien de Halleux - Entrepreneur, explorerSebastien de Halleux is a technology entrepreneur with a lifelong passion for building impactful businesses.
Why you should listen
Sebastien de Halleux is currently chief operating officer at Saildrone, a company that designs, manufactures and operates a global fleet of wind- and solar-powered ocean drones monitoring the state of the planet in real time. Saildrone's mission is to quantify planetary systems that affect humanity like extreme weather, global fisheries and carbon fluxes.
Before Saildrone, de Halleux cofounded a video games company called Playfish, which disrupted the industry by turning solitary game play into social experiences. Playfish attracted hundreds of million of users before being acquired by Electronics Arts. He also helped launch one of the very first mobile game companies back when mobiles had black and white screens and actual keypads, which IPOed on NASDAQ.
An internationally recognized leader, recipient of the Tech 100 and Tech Fellow Awards and member of the Aspen Global Leadership Network, de Halleux holds a master's in civil and environmental engineering from Imperial College, London. In his spare time, he spends every minute with his children and friends on his sailboat or driving a mobile cinema truck trough rural Africa. He recently welcomed his fourth child, a daughter named Xochi.
Sebastien de Halleux | Speaker | TED.com