TEDGlobal 2011
Markus Fischer: A robot that flies like a bird
En robot, der flyver som en fugl
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Der er masser af robotter, der kan flyve - men ingen, der kan flyve som en rigtig fugl. Sådan var det indtil Markus Fischer og hans hold på Festo byggede SmartBird, en stor letvægtsrobot, modelleret efter en havmåge, som flyver ved at baske med vingerne. En højtflyvende demonstration fra TEDGlobal 2011.
Markus Fischer - Designer
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird. Full bio
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
It is a dream of mankind
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Det er en menneskehedens drøm
00:18
to fly like a bird.
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at flyve som en fugl.
00:20
Birds are very agile.
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Fugle er meget smidige.
00:22
They fly, not with rotating components,
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De flyver, ikke med roterende komponenter,
00:25
so they fly only by flapping their wings.
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så de flyver blot ved at baske med vingerne.
00:28
So we looked at the birds,
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Så vi kiggede på fuglene,
00:31
and we tried to make a model
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og vi prøvede at lave en model
00:34
that is powerful, ultralight,
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som er stærk og ultralet,
00:37
and it must have excellent aerodynamic qualities
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og som må have virkeligt gode aerodynamiske kvaliteter
00:41
that would fly by its own
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som kunne flyve af sig selv
00:43
and only by flapping its wings.
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kun ved at baske med vingerne.
00:46
So what would be better [than] to use
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Så hvad ville være bedre [end] at bruge
00:49
the Herring Gull, in its freedom,
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sølvmågen i sin frihed.
00:51
circling and swooping over the sea,
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cirklende og svævende over havet,
00:53
and [to] use this as a role model?
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og [at] bruge den som en rollemodel?
00:56
So we bring a team together.
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Så vi samler et hold.
00:58
There are generalists and also specialists
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Der er generalister og også specialister
01:01
in the field of aerodynamics
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i feltet aerodynamik
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in the field of building gliders.
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i feltet at bygge svævefly.
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And the task was to build
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Og opgaven var at bygge
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an ultralight indoor-flying model
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en ultralet indendørs flyvende model
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that is able to fly over your heads.
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som er i stand til at flyve over jeres hoveder.
01:14
So be careful later on.
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Så vær på vagt senere.
01:19
And this was one issue:
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Og der var det ene problem:
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to build it that lightweight
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at bygge det så let
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that no one would be hurt
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at ingen ville komme til skade
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if it fell down.
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hvis den faldt ned
01:28
So why do we do all this?
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Så hvorfor gør vi alt dette?
01:30
We are a company in the field of automation,
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Vi er et firma, som arbejder med automatisering,
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and we'd like to do very lightweight structures
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og vi vil gerne lave meget lette letvægtsstrukturer
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because that's energy efficient,
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fordi det er energieffektivt.
01:38
and we'd like to learn more about
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Og vi vil gerne lære mere om
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pneumatics and air flow phenomena.
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pneumatik og og luftstrømsfænomener.
01:44
So I now would like you
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Så nu vil jeg gerne bede jer om
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to [put] your seat belts on
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at [spænde] jeres sikkerhedsseler
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and put your hats [on].
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og tage jeres hjelme [på]
01:51
So maybe we'll try it once --
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Så måske vi vil prøve en enkelt gang
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to fly a SmartBird.
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at flyve en SmartBird [SmartFugl]
01:56
Thank you.
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Tak.
01:58
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
02:14
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
02:52
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
03:07
So we can now
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Så nu kan vi
03:09
look at the SmartBird.
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kigge på vores SmartBird.
03:12
So here is one without a skin.
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Så her er en uden hud.
03:15
We have a wingspan of about two meters.
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Vi har et vingespænd på cirka to meter.
03:18
The length is one meter and six,
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Længden er en meter og seks,
03:21
and the weight,
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og vægten,
03:23
it is only 450 grams.
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den er kun 450 gram.
03:26
And it is all out of carbon fiber.
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Og det er alt sammen lavet af kulfiber.
03:29
In the middle we have a motor,
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I midten har vi en motor,
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and we also have a gear in it,
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og vi har også et gear i den.
03:35
and we use the gear
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Og vi bruger gearet
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to transfer the circulation of the motor.
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til at overføre motorens cirkulation.
03:40
So within the motor, we have three Hall sensors,
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Inden i motoren har vi tre Hall-sensorer,
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so we know exactly where
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Så vi ved præcis hvor
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the wing is.
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vingen er.
03:49
And if we now beat up and down ...
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Og hvis vi basker op og ned...
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we have the possibility
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så har vi muligheden
03:58
to fly like a bird.
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for at flyve som en fugl.
04:00
So if you go down, you have the large area of propulsion,
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Så hvis du går ned, så har du et stort område med fremdrift.
04:03
and if you go up,
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Og hvis du går op,
04:06
the wings are not that large,
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vingerne er ikke så store,
04:10
and it is easier to get up.
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og det er nemmere at få dem op.
04:14
So, the next thing we did,
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Så, det næste vi gjorde,
04:17
or the challenges we did,
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eller de udfordringer vi løste
04:19
was to coordinate this movement.
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var ar koordinere denne bevægelse.
04:22
We have to turn it, go up and go down.
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Vi var nødt til at vende den, gå op og gå ned.
04:25
We have a split wing.
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Vi har en delt vinge.
04:27
With a split wing
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Med en delt vinge
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we get the lift at the upper wing,
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får vi løftet fra den øvre vinge
04:32
and we get the propulsion at the lower wing.
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og vi får fremdriften fra den nedre vinge.
04:35
Also, we see
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Også, vi ser
04:37
how we measure the aerodynamic efficiency.
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hvordan vi måler den aerodynamiske effektivitet.
04:40
We had knowledge about
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Vi havde viden om
04:42
the electromechanical efficiency
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den elektromagnetiske effektivitet
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and then we can calculate
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og så kan vi beregne
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the aerodynamic efficiency.
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den aerodynamiske effektivitet.
04:48
So therefore,
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Så derfor,
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it rises up from passive torsion to active torsion,
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den stiger fra passivt vrid til aktivt vrid,
04:53
from 30 percent
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fra 30 procent
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up to 80 percent.
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op til 80 procent.
04:57
Next thing we have to do,
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Det næste vi havde brug for var
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we have to control and regulate
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at have kontrol og regulere
05:01
the whole structure.
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den samlede struktur.
05:03
Only if you control and regulate it,
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Kun hvis du kontrollerer og regulerer den,
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you will get that aerodynamic efficiency.
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vil du få den aerodynamiske effektivitet.
05:09
So the overall consumption of energy
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Så det samlede energiforbrug
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is about 25 watts at takeoff
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er omkring 25 watt når den letter
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and 16 to 18 watts in flight.
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og 16 til ½8 watt under flyvning.
05:18
Thank you.
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Tak.
05:20
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
05:26
Bruno Giussani: Markus, I think that we should fly it once more.
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Bruno Giussani: Markus, jeg tror vi skal prøve at flyve den igen.
05:29
Markus Fischer: Yeah, sure.
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Markus Fischer: ja, selvfølgelig.
05:31
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
05:53
(Gasps)
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(Gisp)
06:02
(Cheers)
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(Hurraråb)
06:04
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Markus Fischer - DesignerMarkus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird.
Why you should listen
One of the oldest dreams of mankind is to fly like a bird. Many, from Leonardo da Vinci to contemporary research teams, tried to crack the "code" for the flight of birds, unsuccessfully. Until in 2011 the engineers of the Bionic Learning Network established by Festo, a German technology company, developed a flight model of an artificial bird that's capable of taking off and rising in the air by means of its flapping wings alone. It's called SmartBird. Markus Fischer is Festo's head of corporate design, where he's responsible for a wide array of initiatives. He established the Bionic Learning Network in 2006.
SmartBird is inspired by the herring gull. The wings not only beat up and down but twist like those of a real bird -- and seeing it fly leaves no doubt: it's a perfect technical imitation of the natural model, just bigger. (Even birds think so.) Its wingspan is almost two meters, while its carbon-fiber structure weighs only 450 grams.
Fischer says: "We learned from the birds how to move the wings, but also the need to be very energy efficient."
Markus Fischer | Speaker | TED.com