TEDGlobal 2011
Markus Fischer: A robot that flies like a bird
Robot yang terbang seperti burung
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Banyak robot dapat terbang namun tidak ada yang dapat terbang seperti burung sungguhan. Hingga Markus Fischer dan timnya di Festo membuat SmartBird, robot besar yang sangat ringan, menggunakan burung camar laut sebagai model, yang terbang dengan mengepakkan sayapnya. Demo yang mencengangkan dari TEDGlobal 2011.
Markus Fischer - Designer
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird. Full bio
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
It is a dream of mankind
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Impian umat manusia adalah
00:18
to fly like a bird.
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terbang seperti burung.
00:20
Birds are very agile.
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Burung sangat tangkas.
00:22
They fly, not with rotating components,
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Mereka terbang, tidak dengan benda yang berputar,
00:25
so they fly only by flapping their wings.
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mereka terbang hanya dengan mengepakkan sayap.
00:28
So we looked at the birds,
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Sehingga kami melihat burung,
00:31
and we tried to make a model
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dan mencoba membuat model
00:34
that is powerful, ultralight,
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yang kuat dan sangat ringan
00:37
and it must have excellent aerodynamic qualities
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dan harus memiliki kualitas aerodinamis yang sangat baik
00:41
that would fly by its own
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yang dapat terbang dengan sendirinya
00:43
and only by flapping its wings.
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hanya dengan mengepakkan sayapnya.
00:46
So what would be better [than] to use
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Jadi burung apa yang terbaik untuk digunakan?
00:49
the Herring Gull, in its freedom,
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Burung camar, yang bebas
00:51
circling and swooping over the sea,
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berputar dan menukik di atas laut,
00:53
and [to] use this as a role model?
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dan menggunakannya sebagai model.
00:56
So we bring a team together.
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Jadi kami mengumpulkan satu tim.
00:58
There are generalists and also specialists
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Ada ahli umum dan khusus
01:01
in the field of aerodynamics
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dalam bidang aerodinamika
01:04
in the field of building gliders.
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dalam bidang pembuatan pesawat terbang layang.
01:06
And the task was to build
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Dengan tugas membuat
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an ultralight indoor-flying model
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model terbang sangat ringan di dalam ruangan
01:11
that is able to fly over your heads.
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yang dapat terbang di atas kepala Anda.
01:14
So be careful later on.
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Jadi nanti berhati-hatilah.
01:19
And this was one issue:
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Dan inilah masalahnya:
01:21
to build it that lightweight
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untuk membuatnya sangat ringan
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that no one would be hurt
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sehingga tidak akan ada yang terluka
01:25
if it fell down.
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jika robot ini jatuh.
01:28
So why do we do all this?
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Jadi mengapa kami melakukan hal ini?
01:30
We are a company in the field of automation,
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Kami adalah perusahaan di bidang otomatisasi
01:33
and we'd like to do very lightweight structures
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dan kami ingin membuat struktur yang sangat ringan
01:36
because that's energy efficient,
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karena hemat energi.
01:38
and we'd like to learn more about
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Dan kami ingin mempelajari lebih banyak tentang
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pneumatics and air flow phenomena.
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pneumatik dan fenomena aliran udara.
01:44
So I now would like you
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Jadi sekarang saya ingin Anda
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to [put] your seat belts on
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untuk mengencangkan sabuk pengaman
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and put your hats [on].
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dan mengenakan helm.
01:51
So maybe we'll try it once --
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Mungkin kita akan mencoba
01:54
to fly a SmartBird.
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untuk menerbangkan SmartBird.
01:56
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
01:58
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
02:14
(Applause)
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02:52
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
03:07
So we can now
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Kini kita dapat
03:09
look at the SmartBird.
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melihat ke dalam SmartBird.
03:12
So here is one without a skin.
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inilah model tanpa kulit luarnya.
03:15
We have a wingspan of about two meters.
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Lebar sayapnya sekitar 2 meter.
03:18
The length is one meter and six,
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Panjangnya 1,6 meter,
03:21
and the weight,
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dan beratnya
03:23
it is only 450 grams.
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hanya 450 gram.
03:26
And it is all out of carbon fiber.
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Semuanya terbuat dari serat karbon.
03:29
In the middle we have a motor,
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Di tengahnya ada motor
03:31
and we also have a gear in it,
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dan ada juga gigi roda.
03:35
and we use the gear
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Dan kami menggunakan gigi roda ini
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to transfer the circulation of the motor.
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untuk memindahkan sirkulasi dari motor.
03:40
So within the motor, we have three Hall sensors,
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Jadi di dalam motor itu, ada tiga sensor Hall,
03:43
so we know exactly where
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sehingga kita tahu dengan pasti
03:46
the wing is.
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di mana letak sayapnya.
03:49
And if we now beat up and down ...
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Dan jika sayapnya bergerak ke atas dan ke bawah ...
03:56
we have the possibility
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ada kemungkinan
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to fly like a bird.
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untuk terbang seperti burung.
04:00
So if you go down, you have the large area of propulsion,
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Jika sayapnya ke bawah, Anda mendapat daerah pendorong yang luas.
04:03
and if you go up,
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Dan jika sayapnya ke atas,
04:06
the wings are not that large,
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sayapnya tidak sebesar itu,
04:10
and it is easier to get up.
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dan lebih mudah untuk naik.
04:14
So, the next thing we did,
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Jadi hal selanjutnya yang kami lakukan
04:17
or the challenges we did,
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atau tantangan yang kami lakukan
04:19
was to coordinate this movement.
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adalah menyelaraskan gerakan ini.
04:22
We have to turn it, go up and go down.
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Kita harus dapat berbelok, naik, dan turun.
04:25
We have a split wing.
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Ada sayap yang terpisah.
04:27
With a split wing
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Dengan sayap yang terpisah
04:29
we get the lift at the upper wing,
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kita mendapat daya angkat pada sayap bagian atas,
04:32
and we get the propulsion at the lower wing.
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dan dorongan pada sayap bagian bawah
04:35
Also, we see
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Kita juga melihat
04:37
how we measure the aerodynamic efficiency.
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bagaimana kita mengatur efisiensi aerodinamis.
04:40
We had knowledge about
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Kita harus mengetahui tentang
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the electromechanical efficiency
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efisiensi elektromekaniknya
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and then we can calculate
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kemudian kita dapat menghitung
04:46
the aerodynamic efficiency.
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efisiensi aerodinamisnya.
04:48
So therefore,
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Sehingga,
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it rises up from passive torsion to active torsion,
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itu meningkatkan tegangan pasif menjadi tegangan aktif,
04:53
from 30 percent
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dari 30 persen
04:55
up to 80 percent.
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hingga 80 persen.
04:57
Next thing we have to do,
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Hal selanjutnya yang harus kita lakukan
04:59
we have to control and regulate
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adalah mengendalikan dan mengatur
05:01
the whole structure.
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seluruh strukturnya.
05:03
Only if you control and regulate it,
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Hanya jika Anda dapat mengendalikan dan mengaturnya
05:06
you will get that aerodynamic efficiency.
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Anda akan memiliki efisiensi aerodinamis.
05:09
So the overall consumption of energy
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Jadi total pemakaian energinya
05:12
is about 25 watts at takeoff
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adalah sekitar 25 watt untuk tinggal landas
05:15
and 16 to 18 watts in flight.
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dan 16 atau 18 watt di udara.
05:18
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
05:20
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
05:26
Bruno Giussani: Markus, I think that we should fly it once more.
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Bruno Giussani: Markus, saya rasa kita harus menerbangkannya sekali lagi.
05:29
Markus Fischer: Yeah, sure.
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Markus Fischer: Tentu saja.
05:31
(Laughter)
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(Tawa)
05:53
(Gasps)
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(Engah)
06:02
(Cheers)
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(Sorakan)
06:04
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Markus Fischer - DesignerMarkus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird.
Why you should listen
One of the oldest dreams of mankind is to fly like a bird. Many, from Leonardo da Vinci to contemporary research teams, tried to crack the "code" for the flight of birds, unsuccessfully. Until in 2011 the engineers of the Bionic Learning Network established by Festo, a German technology company, developed a flight model of an artificial bird that's capable of taking off and rising in the air by means of its flapping wings alone. It's called SmartBird. Markus Fischer is Festo's head of corporate design, where he's responsible for a wide array of initiatives. He established the Bionic Learning Network in 2006.
SmartBird is inspired by the herring gull. The wings not only beat up and down but twist like those of a real bird -- and seeing it fly leaves no doubt: it's a perfect technical imitation of the natural model, just bigger. (Even birds think so.) Its wingspan is almost two meters, while its carbon-fiber structure weighs only 450 grams.
Fischer says: "We learned from the birds how to move the wings, but also the need to be very energy efficient."
Markus Fischer | Speaker | TED.com