TEDGlobal 2011
Markus Fischer: A robot that flies like a bird
一隻飛得像鳥的機器人
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那麼多的機器人,沒有一個可以飛得像隻真正的鳥。直到Markus Fischer和其團隊在Festo公司創作出能振翅而飛的「聰明鳥」:一隻仿照海鷗的外型而製成之大型、輕盈的機器鳥。在TEDGlobal2011首次登場,展翅飛翔。
Markus Fischer - Designer
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird. Full bio
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
It is a dream of mankind
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人類的夢想─
00:18
to fly like a bird.
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─像鳥一樣的遨翔。
00:20
Birds are very agile.
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鳥類是非常輕快敏捷的
00:22
They fly, not with rotating components,
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它們飛行靠的不是旋轉的機械零件
00:25
so they fly only by flapping their wings.
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而是藉由振動雙翼飛翔。
00:28
So we looked at the birds,
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所以我們盯著鳥類觀察,
00:31
and we tried to make a model
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企圖建構一個模型
00:34
that is powerful, ultralight,
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是高功率、超輕型的飛行器
00:37
and it must have excellent aerodynamic qualities
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它必須具備極佳的航空動力學的特性
00:41
that would fly by its own
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──能夠自體飛行
00:43
and only by flapping its wings.
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而且只靠拍動翅膀。
00:46
So what would be better [than] to use
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那麼有什麼會比使用
00:49
the Herring Gull, in its freedom,
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銀鷗（為模型典範）更好！它自由自在地
00:51
circling and swooping over the sea,
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在海上盤旋俯衝,
00:53
and [to] use this as a role model?
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我們以它做為模型主角。
00:56
So we bring a team together.
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我們組成一個團隊,
00:58
There are generalists and also specialists
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團隊中,有萬事通也有來自某個領域的專家
01:01
in the field of aerodynamics
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有航空動力學領域的專家
01:04
in the field of building gliders.
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也有打造滑翔機的專家。
01:06
And the task was to build
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而任務是製造
01:08
an ultralight indoor-flying model
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一架超輕型的室內飛行模型,
01:11
that is able to fly over your heads.
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能飛越你們的頭頂。
01:14
So be careful later on.
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所以,稍會兒大家請小心
01:19
And this was one issue:
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而且製作時有個議題:
01:21
to build it that lightweight
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將它製造得那樣的輕
01:23
that no one would be hurt
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就沒有人會受傷,
01:25
if it fell down.
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如果它掉下來的話。
01:28
So why do we do all this?
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那麼為何我們要做這些事？
01:30
We are a company in the field of automation,
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我們是一間經營自動化的公司,
01:33
and we'd like to do very lightweight structures
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想要製作極輕的結構體
01:36
because that's energy efficient,
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因為那符合「能源效率」。
01:38
and we'd like to learn more about
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而且我們想知道更多關於
01:41
pneumatics and air flow phenomena.
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氣動力學(pneumatics)和氣流現象。
01:44
So I now would like you
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那麼現在請你們
01:47
to [put] your seat belts on
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繫上安全帶
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and put your hats [on].
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戴上安全帽
01:51
So maybe we'll try it once --
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也許我們來試飛一次,
01:54
to fly a SmartBird.
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讓「聰明鳥」展翅飛翔。
01:56
Thank you.
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謝謝大家
01:58
(Applause)
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(掌聲響起)
02:14
(Applause)
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(掌聲又起)
02:52
(Applause)
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(掌聲如雷)
03:07
So we can now
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那我們現在
03:09
look at the SmartBird.
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就來看看「聰明鳥」的結構。
03:12
So here is one without a skin.
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這有一隻沒有外殼包覆的鳥模型
03:15
We have a wingspan of about two meters.
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展翼約二米長
03:18
The length is one meter and six,
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身長一米六,
03:21
and the weight,
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而重量
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it is only 450 grams.
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只有450克
03:26
And it is all out of carbon fiber.
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骨架材質是碳纖維
03:29
In the middle we have a motor,
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在中間有個發動機
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and we also have a gear in it,
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在內部還有齒輪
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and we use the gear
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而且我們用齒輪
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to transfer the circulation of the motor.
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協助馬達傳動。
03:40
So within the motor, we have three Hall sensors,
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在發動機內部,有三個霍爾感測器(Hall sensors),
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so we know exactly where
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所以能確切辨識
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the wing is.
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翅膀拍動的位置
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And if we now beat up and down ...
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若翅膀能上下拍動
03:56
we have the possibility
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就有可能
03:58
to fly like a bird.
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像鳥那樣飛行。
04:00
So if you go down, you have the large area of propulsion,
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翅膀向下拍,就會有充裕的空間作推進
04:03
and if you go up,
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翅膀向上揚起,
04:06
the wings are not that large,
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翅膀的幅度就沒那麼大
04:10
and it is easier to get up.
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那就更容易起飛。
04:14
So, the next thing we did,
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所以,接下來我們得做的
04:17
or the challenges we did,
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或者說我們挑戰的下一個任務是
04:19
was to coordinate this movement.
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調節翅膀的動作
04:22
We have to turn it, go up and go down.
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讓翅膀可以上下振動
04:25
We have a split wing.
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我們將羽翼分節。
04:27
With a split wing
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因羽翼分節
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we get the lift at the upper wing,
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上翼可協助上升
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and we get the propulsion at the lower wing.
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下翼產生推進力
04:35
Also, we see
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我們也監管
04:37
how we measure the aerodynamic efficiency.
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我們測量「空氣動力效率」的過程
04:40
We had knowledge about
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我們熟諳
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the electromechanical efficiency
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機電效能,
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and then we can calculate
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我們能計算
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the aerodynamic efficiency.
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空氣動力效率,
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So therefore,
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測得結果是,
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it rises up from passive torsion to active torsion,
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它升起時從被動扭力轉至積極扭力
04:53
from 30 percent
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效能從百分之三十
04:55
up to 80 percent.
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提升至百分之八十
04:57
Next thing we have to do,
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接下來我們必須做的事是
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we have to control and regulate
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控管及校準
05:01
the whole structure.
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整個架構。
05:03
Only if you control and regulate it,
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唯有控管和校準整體架構,
05:06
you will get that aerodynamic efficiency.
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才能達到「空氣動力效率」的功效。
05:09
So the overall consumption of energy
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所以總消耗能量是
05:12
is about 25 watts at takeoff
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起飛需要電量約25瓦特
05:15
and 16 to 18 watts in flight.
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飛行則是16至18瓦特。
05:18
Thank you.
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謝謝大家
05:20
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
05:26
Bruno Giussani: Markus, I think that we should fly it once more.
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Bruno Giussani(TED歐洲主管):我認為,我們應該讓它再飛一次
05:29
Markus Fischer: Yeah, sure.
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當然好啊
05:31
(Laughter)
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笑笑
05:53
(Gasps)
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(驚呼)
06:02
(Cheers)
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(歡呼喝采)
06:04
(Applause)
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(掌聲如雷)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Markus Fischer - DesignerMarkus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird.
Why you should listen
One of the oldest dreams of mankind is to fly like a bird. Many, from Leonardo da Vinci to contemporary research teams, tried to crack the "code" for the flight of birds, unsuccessfully. Until in 2011 the engineers of the Bionic Learning Network established by Festo, a German technology company, developed a flight model of an artificial bird that's capable of taking off and rising in the air by means of its flapping wings alone. It's called SmartBird. Markus Fischer is Festo's head of corporate design, where he's responsible for a wide array of initiatives. He established the Bionic Learning Network in 2006.
SmartBird is inspired by the herring gull. The wings not only beat up and down but twist like those of a real bird -- and seeing it fly leaves no doubt: it's a perfect technical imitation of the natural model, just bigger. (Even birds think so.) Its wingspan is almost two meters, while its carbon-fiber structure weighs only 450 grams.
Fischer says: "We learned from the birds how to move the wings, but also the need to be very energy efficient."
Markus Fischer | Speaker | TED.com