ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Markus Fischer - Designer
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird.

Why you should listen

One of the oldest dreams of mankind is to fly like a bird. Many, from Leonardo da Vinci to contemporary research teams, tried to crack the "code" for the flight of birds, unsuccessfully. Until in 2011 the engineers of the Bionic Learning Network established by Festo, a German technology company, developed a flight model of an artificial bird that's capable of taking off and rising in the air by means of its flapping wings alone. It's called SmartBird. Markus Fischer is Festo's head of corporate design, where he's responsible for a wide array of initiatives. He established the Bionic Learning Network in 2006.

SmartBird is inspired by the herring gull. The wings not only beat up and down but twist like those of a real bird -- and seeing it fly leaves no doubt: it's a perfect technical imitation of the natural model, just bigger. (Even birds think so.) Its wingspan is almost two meters, while its carbon-fiber structure weighs only 450 grams.

Fischer says: "We learned from the birds how to move the wings, but also the need to be very energy efficient."

More profile about the speaker
Markus Fischer | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2011

Markus Fischer: A robot that flies like a bird

一隻飛得像鳥的機器人

Filmed:
8,646,669 views

那麼多的機器人,沒有一個可以飛得像隻真正的鳥。直到Markus Fischer和其團隊在Festo公司創作出能振翅而飛的「聰明鳥」:一隻仿照海鷗的外型而製成之大型、輕盈的機器鳥。在TEDGlobal2011首次登場,展翅飛翔。
- Designer
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

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It is a dream夢想 of mankind人類
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人類的夢想─
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to fly like a bird.
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─像鳥一樣的遨翔。
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Birds鳥類 are very agile敏捷.
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鳥類是非常輕快敏捷的
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They fly, not with rotating旋轉 components組件,
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它們飛行靠的不是旋轉的機械零件
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so they fly only by flapping their wings翅膀.
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而是藉由振動雙翼飛翔。
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So we looked看著 at the birds鳥類,
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所以我們盯著鳥類觀察,
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and we tried試著 to make a model模型
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企圖建構一個模型
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that is powerful強大, ultralight超輕,
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是高功率、超輕型的飛行器
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and it must必須 have excellent優秀 aerodynamic空氣動力學的 qualities氣質
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它必須具備極佳的航空動力學的特性
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that would fly by its own擁有
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──能夠自體飛行
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and only by flapping its wings翅膀.
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而且只靠拍動翅膀。
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So what would be better [than] to use
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那麼有什麼會比使用
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the Herring鯡魚 Gull, in its freedom自由,
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銀鷗(為模型典範)更好!它自由自在地
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circling盤旋 and swooping俯衝 over the sea,
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在海上盤旋俯衝,
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and [to] use this as a role角色 model模型?
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我們以它做為模型主角。
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So we bring帶來 a team球隊 together一起.
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我們組成一個團隊,
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There are generalists多面手 and also specialists專家
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團隊中,有萬事通也有來自某個領域的專家
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in the field領域 of aerodynamics空氣動力學
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有航空動力學領域的專家
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in the field領域 of building建造 gliders滑翔機.
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也有打造滑翔機的專家。
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And the task任務 was to build建立
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而任務是製造
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an ultralight超輕 indoor-flying室內飛揚 model模型
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一架超輕型的室內飛行模型,
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that is able能夠 to fly over your heads.
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能飛越你們的頭頂。
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So be careful小心 later後來 on.
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所以,稍會兒大家請小心
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And this was one issue問題:
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而且製作時有個議題:
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to build建立 it that lightweight輕量級
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將它製造得那樣的輕
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that no one would be hurt傷害
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就沒有人會受傷,
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if it fell下跌 down.
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如果它掉下來的話。
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So why do we do all this?
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那麼為何我們要做這些事?
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We are a company公司 in the field領域 of automation自動化,
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我們是一間經營自動化的公司,
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and we'd星期三 like to do very lightweight輕量級 structures結構
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想要製作極輕的結構體
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because that's energy能源 efficient高效,
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因為那符合「能源效率」。
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and we'd星期三 like to learn學習 more about
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而且我們想知道更多關於
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pneumatics氣動 and air空氣 flow phenomena現象.
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氣動力學(pneumatics)和氣流現象。
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So I now would like you
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那麼現在請你們
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to [put] your seat座位 belts皮帶 on
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繫上安全帶
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and put your hats帽子 [on].
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戴上安全帽
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So maybe we'll try it once一旦 --
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也許我們來試飛一次,
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to fly a SmartBirdSmartBird.
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讓「聰明鳥」展翅飛翔。
01:56
Thank you.
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謝謝大家
01:58
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲響起)
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(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲又起)
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(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲如雷)
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So we can now
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那我們現在
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look at the SmartBirdSmartBird.
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就來看看「聰明鳥」的結構。
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So here is one without a skin皮膚.
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這有一隻沒有外殼包覆的鳥模型
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We have a wingspan翼展 of about two meters.
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展翼約二米長
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The length長度 is one meter儀表 and six,
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身長一米六,
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and the weight重量,
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而重量
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it is only 450 grams.
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只有450克
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And it is all out of carbon fiber纖維.
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骨架材質是碳纖維
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In the middle中間 we have a motor發動機,
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在中間有個發動機
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and we also have a gear齒輪 in it,
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在內部還有齒輪
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and we use the gear齒輪
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而且我們用齒輪
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to transfer轉讓 the circulation循環 of the motor發動機.
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協助馬達傳動。
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So within the motor發動機, we have three Hall大廳 sensors傳感器,
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在發動機內部,有三個霍爾感測器(Hall sensors),
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so we know exactly究竟 where
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所以能確切辨識
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the wing翅膀 is.
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翅膀拍動的位置
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And if we now beat擊敗 up and down ...
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若翅膀能上下拍動
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we have the possibility可能性
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就有可能
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to fly like a bird.
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像鳥那樣飛行。
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So if you go down, you have the large area of propulsion動力,
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翅膀向下拍,就會有充裕的空間作推進
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and if you go up,
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翅膀向上揚起,
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the wings翅膀 are not that large,
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翅膀的幅度就沒那麼大
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and it is easier更輕鬆 to get up.
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那就更容易起飛。
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So, the next下一個 thing we did,
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所以,接下來我們得做的
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or the challenges挑戰 we did,
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或者說我們挑戰的下一個任務是
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was to coordinate坐標 this movement運動.
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調節翅膀的動作
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We have to turn it, go up and go down.
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讓翅膀可以上下振動
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We have a split分裂 wing翅膀.
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我們將羽翼分節。
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With a split分裂 wing翅膀
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因羽翼分節
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we get the lift電梯 at the upper wing翅膀,
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上翼可協助上升
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and we get the propulsion動力 at the lower降低 wing翅膀.
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下翼產生推進力
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Also, we see
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我們也監管
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how we measure測量 the aerodynamic空氣動力學的 efficiency效率.
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我們測量「空氣動力效率」的過程
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We had knowledge知識 about
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我們熟諳
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the electromechanical機電 efficiency效率
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機電效能,
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and then we can calculate計算
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我們能計算
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the aerodynamic空氣動力學的 efficiency效率.
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空氣動力效率,
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So therefore因此,
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測得結果是,
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it rises上升 up from passive被動 torsion扭力 to active活性 torsion扭力,
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它升起時從被動扭力轉至積極扭力
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from 30 percent百分
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效能從百分之三十
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up to 80 percent百分.
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提升至百分之八十
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Next下一個 thing we have to do,
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接下來我們必須做的事是
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we have to control控制 and regulate調節
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控管及校準
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the whole整個 structure結構體.
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整個架構。
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Only if you control控制 and regulate調節 it,
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唯有控管和校準整體架構,
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you will get that aerodynamic空氣動力學的 efficiency效率.
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才能達到「空氣動力效率」的功效。
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So the overall總體 consumption消費 of energy能源
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所以總消耗能量是
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is about 25 watts at takeoff脫掉
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起飛需要電量約25瓦特
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and 16 to 18 watts in flight飛行.
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飛行則是16至18瓦特。
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Thank you.
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謝謝大家
05:20
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
05:26
Bruno布魯諾 Giussani吉薩尼: Markus馬庫斯, I think that we should fly it once一旦 more.
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Bruno Giussani(TED歐洲主管):我認為,我們應該讓它再飛一次
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Markus馬庫斯 Fischer菲舍爾: Yeah, sure.
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當然好啊
05:31
(Laughter笑聲)
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笑笑
05:53
(Gasps喘氣)
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(驚呼)
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(Cheers乾杯)
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(歡呼喝采)
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(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲如雷)
Translated by Resa CC
Reviewed by Jenny Yang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Markus Fischer - Designer
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird.

Why you should listen

One of the oldest dreams of mankind is to fly like a bird. Many, from Leonardo da Vinci to contemporary research teams, tried to crack the "code" for the flight of birds, unsuccessfully. Until in 2011 the engineers of the Bionic Learning Network established by Festo, a German technology company, developed a flight model of an artificial bird that's capable of taking off and rising in the air by means of its flapping wings alone. It's called SmartBird. Markus Fischer is Festo's head of corporate design, where he's responsible for a wide array of initiatives. He established the Bionic Learning Network in 2006.

SmartBird is inspired by the herring gull. The wings not only beat up and down but twist like those of a real bird -- and seeing it fly leaves no doubt: it's a perfect technical imitation of the natural model, just bigger. (Even birds think so.) Its wingspan is almost two meters, while its carbon-fiber structure weighs only 450 grams.

Fischer says: "We learned from the birds how to move the wings, but also the need to be very energy efficient."

More profile about the speaker
Markus Fischer | Speaker | TED.com

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