TED2014
Jim Holt: Why does the universe exist?
Džim Holt (Jim Holt): Zašto postoji univerzum?
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Zašto postoji nešto, a ne ništa? Drugim rečima: zašto postoji univerzum (i zbog čega smo mi u njemu)? Filozof i pisac Džim Holt daje tri moguća odgovora na ovo pitanje. Ili četiri. Ili nijedan.
Jim Holt - Writer and philosopher
Why is there something rather than nothing? In his book "Why Does the World Exist?" Jim Holt dares to ask. Full bio
Why is there something rather than nothing? In his book "Why Does the World Exist?" Jim Holt dares to ask. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Why does the universe exist?
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Zašto postoji univerzum?
00:15
Why is there — Okay. Okay. (Laughter)
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Zašto postoji - Dobro. Dobro. (Smeh)
00:18
This is a cosmic mystery. Be solemn.
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To je jedna od misterija kosmosa.
Uozbiljite se.
Uozbiljite se.
00:21
Why is there a world, why are we in it,
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Zašto postoji svet,
zbog čega smo mi u njemu
zbog čega smo mi u njemu
00:25
and why is there something rather than nothing at all?
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i zašto uopšte postoji nešto,
a ne ništa?
a ne ništa?
00:27
I mean, this is the super ultimate "why" question?
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Mislim, to je
najvažnije pitanje ,,zašto''.
najvažnije pitanje ,,zašto''.
00:31
So I'm going to talk about the mystery of existence,
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Tako da ću da pričam o tajni postojanja,
00:34
the puzzle of existence,
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zagonetki postojanja,
00:35
where we are now in addressing it,
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dokle smo stigli u njenom rešavanju
00:38
and why you should care,
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i zbog čega bi to trebalo da vas zanima,
00:40
and I hope you do care.
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a nadam se da vas zanima.
00:42
The philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer said that
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Filozof Artur Šopenhauer
je rekao da su oni
je rekao da su oni
00:45
those who don't wonder about
the contingency of their existence,
the contingency of their existence,
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koji ne razmišljaju o verovatnoći
sopstvenog postojanja,
sopstvenog postojanja,
00:49
of the contingency of the world's existence,
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o verovatnoći postojanja sveta,
00:52
are mentally deficient.
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mentalno zaostali.
00:53
That's a little harsh, but still. (Laughter)
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Možda malo pregrubo, ali opet. (Smeh)
00:57
So this has been called the most sublime
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Ovo se smatra najuzvišenijom
00:59
and awesome mystery,
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i najstrašnijom tajnom,
01:01
the deepest and most far-reaching question
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najdubljim i najsveobuhvatnijim pitanjem
koje je čovek
koje je čovek
01:04
man can pose.
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u stanju da postavi.
01:05
It's obsessed great thinkers.
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Mučilo je i najveće mislioce.
01:07
Ludwig Wittgenstein, perhaps the greatest
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Ludviga Vitgenštajna,
01:08
philosopher of the 20th century,
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možda najvećeg filozofa 20-og veka,
01:11
was astonished that there should be a world at all.
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je čudilo što svet uopšte postoji.
01:13
He wrote in his "Tractatus," Proposition 4.66,
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U svom ,,Traktatu'',
u predlogu 4.66, zapisao je:
u predlogu 4.66, zapisao je:
01:17
"It is not how things are in the world
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,,Misterija ne leži
01:20
that is the mystical,
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u ustrojstvu sveta,
01:21
it's that the world exists."
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već u samom njegovom postojanju.''
01:24
And if you don't like taking your epigrams
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Ako ne volite izreke
koje smišljaju filozofi,
koje smišljaju filozofi,
01:26
from a philosopher, try a scientist.
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evo jednog naučnika.
01:29
John Archibald Wheeler, one of the great physicists
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Džon Arčibald Viler,
jedan od najznačajnijih
jedan od najznačajnijih
01:31
of the 20th century,
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fizičara 20-og veka,
01:33
the teacher of Richard Feynman,
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koji je podučavao Ričarda Fejnmana
01:34
the coiner of the term "black hole,"
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i izmislio izraz ,,crna rupa'',
01:37
he said, "I want to know
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je rekao: ,,Želim da znam
01:40
how come the quantum,
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odakle kvantno,
01:41
how come the universe, how come existence?"
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odakle univerzum, odakle postojanje?''
01:44
And my friend Martin Amis —
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A moj prijatelj Martin Amis -
01:46
sorry that I'll be doing a lot of
name-dropping in this talk,
name-dropping in this talk,
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izvinjavam se što pominjem toliko imena,
01:49
so get used to it —
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moraćete da se naviknete -
01:50
my dear friend Martin Amis once said
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moj dobar prijatelj Martin Amis
je jednom prilikom rekao
je jednom prilikom rekao
01:55
that we're about five Einsteins away from answering
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da nam fali nekih pet Ajnštajna
01:59
the mystery of where the universe came from.
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da odgonetnemo tajnu porekla univerzuma.
02:01
And I've no doubt there are five Einsteins
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Ne sumnjam da večeras u publici
02:03
in the audience tonight.
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imamo pet Ajnštajna.
Ima li koji Ajnštajn?
Ima li koji Ajnštajn?
02:05
Any Einsteins? Show of hands? No? No? No?
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Podignite ruke. Ne? Ne? Ne?
02:06
No Einsteins? Okay.
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Nema Ajnštajna? OK.
02:08
So this question, why is there
something rather than nothing,
something rather than nothing,
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To uzvišeno pitanje,
zašto postoji nešto, a ne ništa,
zašto postoji nešto, a ne ništa,
02:12
this sublime question, was posed rather late
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smo postavili u prilično kasnom periodu
02:14
in intellectual history.
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razvoja ljudske misli.
02:16
It was towards the end of the 17th century,
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Postavio ga je filozof Lajbnic
02:19
the philosopher Leibniz who asked it,
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krajem 17-og veka;
02:21
a very smart guy, Leibniz,
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Lajbnic je bio prilično pametan tip,
02:23
who invented the calculus
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izmislio je diferencijalni račun
02:25
independently of Isaac Newton,
at about the same time,
at about the same time,
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nezavisno od Isaka Njutna,
otprilike u isto vreme,
otprilike u isto vreme,
02:28
but for Leibniz, who asked why is
there something rather than nothing,
there something rather than nothing,
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i za Lajbnica to što postoji nešto,
a ne ništa
a ne ništa
02:31
this was not a great mystery.
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i nije bila neka misterija.
02:33
He either was or pretended to be
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U svom pogledu na metafiziku je bio,
02:35
an Orthodox Christian in his metaphysical outlook,
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ili se pretvarao da je,
pravoslavni hrišćanin,
pravoslavni hrišćanin,
02:38
and he said it's obvious why the world exists:
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tako da mu je bilo očito
zašto svet postoji:
zašto svet postoji:
02:41
because God created it.
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Bog ga je stvorio.
02:44
And God created, indeed, out of nothing at all.
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Bog ga je zapravo stvorio iz ništavila.
02:47
That's how powerful God is.
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Tolika je božija moć.
02:48
He doesn't need any preexisting
materials to fashion a world out of.
materials to fashion a world out of.
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Nije mu trebao polazni materijal
da bi stvorio svet.
da bi stvorio svet.
02:52
He can make it out of sheer nothingness,
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Mogao je da ga stvori ni iz čega -
02:54
creation ex nihilo.
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stvaranje ex nihilo.
02:56
And by the way, this is what
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Uzgred, u to danas
02:57
most Americans today believe.
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veruje većina Amerikanaca.
03:00
There is no mystery of existence for them.
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Za njih nema misterije postojanja.
03:01
God made it.
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Bog je sve napravio.
03:03
So let's put this in an equation.
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Hajde da to stavimo u jednačinu.
03:05
I don't have any slides so
I'm going to mime my visuals,
I'm going to mime my visuals,
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Nisam poneo slajdove pa moram
da pokažem pantomimom.
da pokažem pantomimom.
03:08
so use your imaginations.
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Upotrebite maštu.
03:09
So it's God + nothing = the world.
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Dakle, Bog + ništa = svet.
03:15
Okay? Now that's the equation.
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Važi? Dakle, to je jednačina.
03:19
And so maybe you don't believe in God.
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Ali možda ne verujete u Boga.
03:20
Maybe you're a scientific atheist
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Možda ste ateisti okrenuti nauci,
03:22
or an unscientific atheist,
and you don't believe in God,
and you don't believe in God,
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ili niste okrenuti nauci
ali ste opet ateisti i ne verujete u boga,
ali ste opet ateisti i ne verujete u boga,
03:26
and you're not happy with it.
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i ovo vam ne odgovara.
03:27
By the way, even if we have this equation,
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Uzgred, čak i ako verujete u jednačinu
03:30
God + nothing = the world,
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da Bog + ništa = svet,
03:32
there's already a problem:
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opet postoji problem:
03:33
Why does God exist?
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zašto Bog postoji?
03:36
God doesn't exist by logic alone
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Bog ne postoji samo
zato što to ima smisla,
zato što to ima smisla,
03:38
unless you believe the ontological argument,
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sem ako verujete u ontološke tvrdnje,
03:40
and I hope you don't, because
it's not a good argument.
it's not a good argument.
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a nadam se da nije tako
jer one nemaju smisla.
jer one nemaju smisla.
03:43
So it's conceivable, if God were to exist,
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Tako da je moguće
da se Bog, ukoliko postoji,
da se Bog, ukoliko postoji,
03:46
he might wonder, I'm eternal, I'm all-powerful,
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pita: ,,Beskonačan sam, beskrajno moćan,
03:49
but where did I come from?
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ali kako sam nastao?
03:51
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:54
Whence then am I?
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Kako bejah stvoren?''
03:55
God speaks in a more formal English.
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Bog prića malo formalnijim jezikom.
03:58
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:00
And so one theory is that God was so bored with
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Jedna od teorija tvrdi da je
Bogu dosadilo da pokušava
Bogu dosadilo da pokušava
04:03
pondering the puzzle of His own existence
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da reši tajnu svog postojanja,
04:05
that He created the world just to distract himself.
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pa je stvorio svet da bi se zabavio.
04:08
But anyway, let's forget about God.
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Ali, hajde da zaboravimo na Boga.
04:10
Take God out of the equation: We have
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Ako izbacimo Boga
04:11
________ + nothing = the world.
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dobijamo: ________ + ništa = svet.
04:14
Now, if you're a Buddhist,
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Ako ste budista,
04:16
you might want to stop right there,
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to vam je dovoljno,
04:18
because essentially what you've got is
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ali u suštini dobijamo
04:20
nothing = the world,
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da je ništa = svet,
04:22
and by symmetry of identity, that means
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i zbog simetrije jednakosti,
04:23
the world = nothing. Okay?
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znači da je svet = ništa. OK?
04:25
And to a Buddhist, the world
is just a whole lot of nothing.
is just a whole lot of nothing.
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Za budiste svet i jeste
jedno veliko ništa.
jedno veliko ništa.
04:28
It's just a big cosmic vacuity.
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Samo jedna velika kosmička praznina.
04:31
And we think there's a lot of something out there
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Nama se čini da ima svega i svačega
04:33
but that's because we're enslaved by our desires.
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zbog toga što smo robovi svojih požuda.
04:36
If we let our desires melt away,
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Ako se otarasimo požuda,
04:39
we'll see the world for what it truly is,
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videćemo da je svet zapravo
04:42
a vacuity, nothingness,
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praznina, ništavilo,
04:44
and we'll slip into this happy state of nirvana
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i upašćemo u srećno stanje nirvane,
04:46
which has been defined as having
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koju su definisali kao
04:48
just enough life to enjoy being dead. (Laughter)
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taman dovoljno života
da uživamo u smrti. (Smeh)
da uživamo u smrti. (Smeh)
04:51
So that's the Buddhist thinking.
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Tako razmišljaju budisti.
04:53
But I'm a Westerner, and I'm still concerned
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Ali ja sam zapadnjak i još uvek me zanima
04:56
with the puzzle of existence, so I've got
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tajna mog postojanja, tako da mi ostaje
04:58
________ + —
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________ + -
05:00
this is going to get serious in a minute, so —
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samo što nije postalo ozbljno -
05:02
________ + nothing = the world.
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dakle, ________ + ništa = svet.
05:05
What are we going to put in that blank?
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Šta da stavimo
05:06
Well, how about science?
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na prazno mesto?
Recimo. nauku?
Recimo. nauku?
05:08
Science is our best guide to the nature of reality,
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Nauka nam najbolje
otkriva prirodu stvarnosti,
otkriva prirodu stvarnosti,
05:12
and the most fundamental science is physics.
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a fizika je najosnovnija nauka.
05:15
That tells us what naked reality really is,
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Ona nam otkriva pravu prirodu stvarnosti,
05:18
that reveals what I call TAUFOTU,
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ono što sam nazvao PIJSDS,
05:20
the True And Ultimate Furniture Of The Universe.
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Prave I Jedine Sastavne Delove Svemira.
05:23
So maybe physics can fill this blank,
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Znači da bi fizika mogla
da popuni tu prazninu,
da popuni tu prazninu,
05:26
and indeed, since about the late 1960s or around 1970,
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i zaista, od kraja 60-ih
ili negde oko 1970,
ili negde oko 1970,
05:31
physicists have purported to give
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fizičari pokušavaju da daju
05:35
a purely scientific explanation of how
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čisto naučno objašnjenje
05:38
a universe like ours could have popped into existence
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načina na koji je univerzum mogao
05:41
out of sheer nothingness,
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da nastane iz ništavila,
05:43
a quantum fluctuation out of the void.
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kvantni talas iz praznine.
05:46
Stephen Hawking is one of these physicists,
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Stiven Hoking je jedan od tih fizičara,
05:48
more recently Alex Vilenkin,
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u skorije vreme i Aleks Vilenkin,
05:50
and the whole thing has been popularized
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a sve ovo je učinio poznatim
05:52
by another very fine physicist and friend of mine,
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još jedan vrstan fizičar i moj prijatelj,
05:54
Lawrence Krauss, who wrote a book called
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Lorens Kraus, koji je napisao knjigu
05:57
"A Universe from Nothing,"
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pod nazivom ,,Svemir ni iz čega'',
05:59
and Lawrence thinks that he's given —
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i smatra da je objasnio -
06:01
he's a militant atheist, by the way,
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Lorens je inače militantni ateista,
06:03
so he's gotten God out of the picture.
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tako da je uklonio Boga iz priče.
06:05
The laws of quantum field theory,
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Zakoni teorije kvantnih polja,
najnoviji iskorak
najnoviji iskorak
06:07
the state-of-the-art physics, can show how
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u fizici, su u stanju da pokažu
06:09
out of sheer nothingness,
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kako iz čistog ništavila -
06:10
no space, no time, no matter, nothing,
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ni prostora, ni vremena,
ni materije, ničega -
ni materije, ničega -
06:12
a little nugget of false vacuum
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može da se stvori
06:16
can fluctuate into existence,
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zrnce lažnog vakuuma,
06:18
and then, by the miracle of inflation,
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koje se zatim, putem čuda inflacije,
06:20
blow up into this huge and variegated cosmos
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razvije u taj ogroman i raznoliki kosmos
06:23
we see around us.
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koji nas okružuje.
06:25
Okay, this is a really ingenious scenario.
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U pitanju je stvarno genijalan scenario.
06:28
It's very speculative. It's fascinating.
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Teorijske je prirode. Fascinantan.
06:31
But I've got a big problem with it,
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Ali mi kod njega
06:33
and the problem is this:
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smeta sledeće:
06:35
It's a pseudo-religious point of view.
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gleda na svet poput religije.
06:37
Now, Lawrence thinks he's an atheist,
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Iako Lorens smatra da je ateista,
06:39
but he's still in thrall to a religious worldview.
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i dalje se drži religijskog
pogleda na svet.
pogleda na svet.
06:41
He sees physical laws as being like divine commands.
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Za njega su zakoni fizike
kao božije zapovesti.
kao božije zapovesti.
06:46
The laws of quantum field theory for him
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Zakon teorije kvantnih polja za njega
06:48
are like fiat lux, "Let there be light."
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predstavljaju "fiat lux",
,,Neka bude svetlost''.
,,Neka bude svetlost''.
06:51
The laws have some sort of ontological power or clout
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Zakoni imaju nekakvu ontološku moć
06:55
that they can form the abyss,
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kojom prazninu mogu
06:57
that it's pregnant with being.
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da ispune bićem.
06:59
They can call a world into existence out of nothing.
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Mogu da stvore svet ni iz čega.
07:02
But that's a very primitive view of what
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Ali to je prilično primitivno gledište
07:04
a physical law is, right?
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na zakone fizike, zar ne?
07:06
We know that physical laws are actually
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Znamo da zakoni fizike predstavljaju
07:09
generalized descriptions of patterns and regularities
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uopštene opise ponavljanja i pravilnosti
07:12
in the world.
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u svetu.
07:13
They don't exist outside the world.
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Ne postoje van granica sveta.
07:15
They don't have any ontic cloud of their own.
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Nemaju nikakvu sopstvenu ontološku moć.
07:17
They can't call a world into existence
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1995
Nisu u stanju da stvore
07:19
out of nothingness.
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svet iz ništavila.
07:21
That's a very primitive view
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1531
To je veoma primitivno gledište
07:22
of what a scientific law is.
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na naučne zakone.
07:24
And if you don't believe me on this,
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1995
Ako mi ne verujete,
07:26
listen to Stephen Hawking,
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1802
poslušajte Stivena Hokinga.
07:28
who himself put forward a model of the cosmos
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I on je predložio model kosmosa koji je
07:32
that was self-contained,
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sam sebi dovoljan -
07:33
didn't require any outside cause, any creator,
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nije mu potreban nikakav
spoljni uzrok, nikakav tvorac -
spoljni uzrok, nikakav tvorac -
07:37
and after proposing this,
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1728
i nakon što je to predložio,
07:39
Hawking admitted that he was still puzzled.
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Hoking je priznao da je i dalje u zabuni.
07:41
He said, this model is just equations.
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Rekao je da model čine samo jednačine.
07:44
What breathes fire into the equations
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Ali šta jednačinama udahne život
07:47
and creates a world for them to describe?
187
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2922
i stvori svet koji opisuju?
07:50
He was puzzled by this,
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1133
Bunilo ga je što
07:51
so equations themselves can't do the magic,
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3805
same jednačine nisu dovoljne
07:55
can't resolve the puzzle of existence.
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2138
da odgonetnu tajnu postojanja.
07:57
And besides, even if the laws could do that,
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Uostalom, čak i da su zakoni fizike
u stanju to da učine,
u stanju to da učine,
08:00
why this set of laws?
192
468763
1823
zašto baš ovaj skup zakona?
08:02
Why quantum field theory that describes
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2564
Zašto baš teorija
kvantnih polja koja govori
kvantnih polja koja govori
08:05
a universe with a certain number of forces
194
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1700
da univerzum ima određeni broj sila
08:06
and particles and so forth?
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1049
i čestica itd.?
08:07
Why not a completely different set of laws?
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2291
Zašto ne neki
potpuno drugačiji skup zakona?
potpuno drugačiji skup zakona?
08:10
There are many, many mathematically
consistent sets of laws.
consistent sets of laws.
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3288
Postoje mnogi dosledni skupovi zakona.
08:13
Why not no laws at all? Why not sheer nothingness?
198
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3439
Zašto ne odsustvo zakona?
Zašto ne ništavilo?
Zašto ne ništavilo?
08:16
So this is a problem, believe it or not,
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1732
Verovali ili ne,
08:18
that reflective physicists really think a lot about,
200
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2998
fizičari dosta razmišljaju
o ovom problemu,
o ovom problemu,
08:21
and at this point they tend to go metaphysical,
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3108
i tu već zalaze u metafiziku
08:24
say, well, maybe the set of laws
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2215
i kažu da je možda skup zakona
08:26
that describes our universe,
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1247
koji opisuje naš univerzum
08:28
it's just one set of laws
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1735
samo jedan od niza skupova zakona
08:29
and it describes one part of reality,
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2036
i da opisuje samo jedan deo stvarnosti,
08:31
but maybe every consistent set of laws
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2796
ali možda svaki dosledan skup zakona
08:34
describes another part of reality,
207
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1786
opisuje neki drugi deo stvarnosti,
08:36
and in fact all possible physical worlds
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i da tamo negde zapravo
08:40
really exist, they're all out there.
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2451
i postoje svi mogući fizički svetovi.
08:42
We just see a little tiny part of reality
210
510954
2283
A mi vidimo samo mali deo stvarnosti
08:45
that's described by the laws of quantum field theory,
211
513237
2543
koji opisuju zakoni
teorije kvantnih polja,
teorije kvantnih polja,
08:47
but there are many, many other worlds,
212
515780
1732
ali postoje mnogi drugi svetovi,
08:49
parts of reality that are described
213
517512
1766
delovi stvarnosti koje opisuju
08:51
by vastly different theories
214
519278
1957
sasvim drugačije teorije,
08:53
that are different from ours in ways we can't imagine,
215
521235
3016
nezamislivo drugačiji od našeg,
08:56
that are inconceivably exotic.
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3745
nezamislivo egzotični.
08:59
Steven Weinberg, the father
217
527996
1737
Stiven Vajnberg, tvorac
09:01
of the standard model of particle physics,
218
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2441
standardnog modela fizike čestica,
09:04
has actually flirted with this idea himself,
219
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2826
je i sam uzeo u obzir ovu teoriju,
09:07
that all possible realities actually exist.
220
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4243
da sve moguće stvarnosti zaista postoje.
09:11
Also, a younger physicist, Max Tegmark,
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3089
I jedan mlađi fizičar, Maks Tegmark,
09:14
who believes that all mathematical structures exist,
222
542332
4376
smatra da postoje
sve matematičke strukture,
sve matematičke strukture,
09:18
and mathematical existence is the same thing
223
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2137
a pošto sve što postoji u matematici
09:20
as physical existence,
224
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1767
postoji i u stvarnosti,
09:22
so we have this vastly rich multiverse
225
550612
2318
znači da postoji
izuzetno bogat multiverzum
izuzetno bogat multiverzum
09:24
that encompasses every logical possibility.
226
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3441
koji obuhvata svaku logičnu mogućnost.
09:28
Now, in taking this metaphysical way out,
227
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3510
Ovakvim begom u metafiziku
09:31
these physicists and also philosophers are actually
228
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2272
fizičari i filozofi se zapravo
09:34
reaching back to a very old idea
229
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2522
pozivaju na veoma staru ideju,
09:36
that goes back to Plato.
230
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1457
koja potiče od Platona.
09:38
It's the principle of plenitude or fecundity,
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3198
Radi se o principu obilja,
09:41
or the great chain of being,
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569330
1913
ili lestvici prirode,
09:43
that reality is actually as full as possible.
233
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3867
da stvarnost sadrži sve što je moguće.
09:47
It's as far removed from nothingness
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1701
Najdalje je što može
09:48
as it could possibly be.
235
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2895
biti od ništavila.
09:51
So we have these two extremes now.
236
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2494
Sada imamo dve krajnosti.
09:54
We have sheer nothingness on one side,
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3299
Sa jedne strane imamo ništavilo,
09:57
and we have this vision of a reality
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2498
a sa druge imamo viđenje stvarnosti
09:59
that encompasses every conceivable world
239
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3183
koje obuhvata sve zamislive svetove:
10:03
at the other extreme: the fullest possible reality,
240
591180
2729
najpotpuniju moguću stvarnost
10:05
nothingness, the simplest possible reality.
241
593909
2893
i ništavilo kao
najjednostavniju moguću stvarnost.
najjednostavniju moguću stvarnost.
10:08
Now what's in between these two extremes?
242
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2879
Ali šta se nalazi između te dve krajnosti?
10:11
There are all kinds of intermediate realities
243
599681
2027
Postoje razne međustvarnosti,
10:13
that include some things and leave out others.
244
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2947
koje obuhvataju neke stvari, a neke ne.
10:16
So one of these intermediate realities
245
604655
1596
Jedna od tih međustvarnosti
10:18
is, say, the most mathematically elegant reality,
246
606251
5695
bi bila, recimo,
matematički najelegantnija stvarnost,
matematički najelegantnija stvarnost,
10:23
that leaves out the inelegant bits,
247
611946
1675
koja isključuje sve što
10:25
the ugly asymmetries and so forth.
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2646
nije elegantno,
sve ružne asimetrije i tome slično.
sve ružne asimetrije i tome slično.
10:28
Now, there are some physicists who will tell you
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2326
Neki fizičari tvrde
10:30
that we're actually living in the most elegant reality.
250
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3634
da i živimo u najelegantnijoj stvarnosti,
10:34
I think that Brian Greene is in the audience,
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622227
2947
Čini mi se da je Brajan Grin u publici.
10:37
and he has written a book
called "The Elegant Universe."
called "The Elegant Universe."
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3613
On je napisao knjigu
pod nazivom ,,Elegantni Univerzum''.
pod nazivom ,,Elegantni Univerzum''.
10:40
He claims that the universe we live in mathematically
253
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2271
Tvrdi da je univerzum u kom živimo
10:43
is very elegant.
254
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1709
matematički veoma elegantan.
10:44
Don't believe him. (Laughter)
255
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1683
Ne verujte mu. (Smeh)
10:46
It's a pious hope, I wish it were true,
256
634450
3087
Lepa je želja, i ja bih to voleo,
10:49
but I think the other day he admitted to me
257
637537
1913
ali mi se čini da je neki dan priznao
10:51
it's really an ugly universe.
258
639450
3064
da je univerzum prilično ružan.
10:54
It's stupidly constructed,
259
642514
1376
Glupo je osmišljen,
10:55
it's got way too many arbitrary coupling constants
260
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3254
ima previše nasumičnih parnih konstanti
10:59
and mass ratios
261
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1666
i odnosa masa,
11:00
and superfluous families of elementary particles,
262
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2778
nepotrebnih grupa elementarnih čestica,
11:03
and what the hell is dark energy?
263
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2148
a šta je uopšte tamna energija?
11:05
It's a stick and bubble gum contraption.
264
653736
3399
Napravljen je od štapa i kanapa.
11:09
It's not an elegant universe. (Laughter)
265
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4003
Uopšte nije elegantan. (Smeh)
11:13
And then there's the best of all possible worlds
266
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2743
Takođe postoji i najbolji od svih svetova
11:15
in an ethical sense.
267
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1590
u etičkom smislu.
11:17
You should get solemn now,
268
665471
1179
Sad se uozbiljite,
11:18
because a world in which sentient beings
269
666650
3195
jer je ovo svet u kom svesna bića
11:21
don't suffer needlessly,
270
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1620
ne pate bez potrebe,
11:23
in which there aren't things like
271
671465
1869
u kom ne postoje
11:25
childhood cancer or the Holocaust.
272
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2215
deca obolela od raka ili Holokaust.
11:27
This is an ethical conception.
273
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1251
Takvo je etičko poimanje.
11:28
Anyway, so between nothingness
274
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2065
U svakom slučaju, između ništavila
11:30
and the fullest possible reality,
275
678865
1633
i najpotpunije stvarnosti postoje
11:32
various special realities.
276
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1545
razne posebne stvarnosti.
11:34
Nothingness is special. It's the simplest.
277
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2280
Ništavilo je posebno
jer je najjednostavnije.
jer je najjednostavnije.
11:36
Then there's the most elegant possible reality.
278
684323
3510
Zatim postoji
najelegantnija moguća stvarnost.
najelegantnija moguća stvarnost.
11:39
That's special.
279
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1364
I ona je posebna.
11:41
The fullest possible reality, that's special.
280
689197
2652
I najpotpunija moguća stvarnost
je posebna.
je posebna.
11:43
But what are we leaving out here?
281
691849
1516
Šta smo onda propustili?
11:45
There's also just the crummy,
282
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2736
Postoje i bezvezne,
11:48
generic realities
283
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1755
obične stvarnosti
11:49
that aren't special in any way,
284
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2621
koje ni po čemu nisu posebne,
11:52
that are sort of random.
285
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1552
jednostavno su nasumične.
11:54
They're infinitely removed from nothingness,
286
702029
2727
Beskrajno su daleko od ništavila,
11:56
but they fall infinitely short of complete fullness.
287
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3926
ali nisu ni blizu potpunosti.
12:00
They're a mixture of chaos and order,
288
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2520
Mešavina su haosa i reda,
12:03
of mathematical elegance and ugliness.
289
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4198
matematičke elegancije i ružnoće.
12:07
So I would describe these realities
290
715400
1785
Ovakve stvarnosti bih opisao
12:09
as an infinite, mediocre, incomplete mess,
291
717185
4127
kao beskrajan, osrednji, nepotpun rusvaj,
12:13
a generic reality, a kind of cosmic junk shot.
292
721312
3380
prosečnu stvarnost,
kosmičku nemoguću misiju.
kosmičku nemoguću misiju.
12:16
And these realities,
293
724692
2184
Ima li onda božanstva
12:18
is there a deity in any of these realities?
294
726876
2266
u nekoj od ovih stvarnosti?
12:21
Maybe, but the deity isn't perfect
295
729142
2411
Moguće, ali ono nije savršeno
12:23
like the Judeo-Christian deity.
296
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2336
poput judeo-hrišćanskog božanstva.
12:25
The deity isn't all-good and all-powerful.
297
733889
3307
To božanstvo nije
dobronamerno i svemoguće.
dobronamerno i svemoguće.
12:29
It might be instead 100 percent malevolent
298
737196
3331
Možda je 100% zlonamerno,
12:32
but only 80 percent effective,
299
740527
2103
ali samo 80% delotvorno.
12:34
which pretty much describes the world
we see around us, I think. (Laughter)
we see around us, I think. (Laughter)
300
742630
6137
Čini mi se da to u suštini
opisuje svet oko nas. (Smeh)
opisuje svet oko nas. (Smeh)
12:40
So I would like to propose that the resolution
301
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2732
Zbog toga predlažem da je rešenje
12:43
to the mystery of existence
302
751499
1836
misterije postojanja
12:45
is that the reality we exist in
303
753335
4090
to da je stvarnost u kojoj živimo
12:49
is one of these generic realities.
304
757425
2056
jedna od ovih običnih stvarnosti.
12:51
Reality has to turn out some way.
305
759481
2655
Stvarnost mora da bude nekakva.
12:54
It can either turn out to be nothing
306
762136
2070
Može ili da ne sadrži ništa,
12:56
or everything or something in between.
307
764206
3681
ili sve, ili nešto između.
12:59
So if it has some special feature,
308
767887
3691
Ukoliko ima neku posebnu odliku,
13:03
like being really elegant or really full
309
771578
2190
na primer da je
veoma elegantna ili potpuna
veoma elegantna ili potpuna
13:05
or really simple, like nothingness,
310
773768
1608
ili jednostavna poput ništavila,
13:07
that would require an explanation.
311
775376
1801
tako nešto bi zahtevalo objašnjenje.
13:09
But if it's just one of these random, generic realities,
312
777177
3159
Ali ako je jedna od ovih nasumičnih,
običnih stvarnosti,
običnih stvarnosti,
13:12
there's no further explanation for it.
313
780336
2150
za nju nema objašnjenja.
13:14
And indeed, I would say
314
782486
1384
I zaista bih rekao
13:15
that's the reality we live in.
315
783870
1980
da živimo u takvoj stvarnosti.
13:17
That's what science is telling us.
316
785850
2257
Tako nam bar govori nauka.
13:20
At the beginning of the week,
317
788107
1331
Početkom nedelje smo
13:21
we got the exciting information that
318
789438
3116
primili uzbudljive vesti. Radi se
13:24
the theory of inflation, which predicts a big,
319
792554
3139
o teoriji inflacije,
koja predviđa beskrajnu,
koja predviđa beskrajnu,
13:27
infinite, messy, arbitrary, pointless reality,
320
795693
3970
neurednu, nasumičnu, besmislenu stvarnost,
13:31
it's like a big frothing champagne
321
799663
3825
poput penušavog šampanjca
13:35
coming out of a bottle endlessly,
322
803488
2684
koji beskrajno izvire iz boce.
13:38
a vast universe, mostly a wasteland
323
806172
2092
Ogroman univerzum, mahom pust,
13:40
with little pockets of charm and order and peace,
324
808264
4266
sa kutcima punim lepote i reda i mira.
13:44
this has been confirmed,
325
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2365
Ovaj scenario inflacije je potvrđen
13:46
this inflationary scenario, by the observations
326
814895
2902
tako što su radio-teleskopi na Antarktiku
13:49
made by radio telescopes in Antarctica
327
817797
2093
opazili tragove
13:51
that looked at the signature of the gravitational waves
328
819890
2823
gravitacionih talasa nastalih neposredno
13:54
from just before the Big Bang.
329
822713
1924
pre Velikog praska.
13:56
I'm sure you all know about this.
330
824637
1845
Siguran sam da ste čuli za to.
13:58
So anyway, I think there's some evidence
331
826482
2824
Svakako mi se čini da postoje dokazi
14:01
that this really is the reality that we're stuck with.
332
829306
3487
da smo završili sa takvom stvarnosšću.
14:04
Now, why should you care?
333
832793
3107
E sad, zašto bi vas za to bilo briga?
14:07
Well — (Laughter) —
334
835900
1236
Pa - (Smeh) -
14:09
the question, "Why does the world exist?"
335
837136
3424
to pitanje, ,,Zašto svet postoji?''
14:12
that's the cosmic question, it sort of rhymes
336
840560
1679
to glavno pitanje se skoro rimuje
14:14
with a more intimate question:
337
842239
1454
sa mnogo intimnijim pitanjem:
14:15
Why do I exist? Why do you exist?
338
843693
3083
Zašto ja postojim? Zašto vi postojite?
14:18
you know, our existence would
seem to be amazingly improbable,
seem to be amazingly improbable,
339
846776
3600
Znate, to što postojimo
je prilično neverovatno,
je prilično neverovatno,
14:22
because there's an enormous number
of genetically possible humans,
of genetically possible humans,
340
850376
4319
jer prema genetici postoji
ogroman broj mogućih ljudi
ogroman broj mogućih ljudi
14:26
if you can compute it by looking at
341
854695
1404
ukoliko se izračuna u odnosu
14:28
the number of the genes and the
number of alleles and so forth,
number of alleles and so forth,
342
856099
2342
na broj gena i alela i tako dalje.
14:30
and a back-of-the-envelope calculation will tell you
343
858441
2296
Grub proračun pokazuje
14:32
there are about 10 to the 10,000th
344
860737
2155
da po genetici postoji
14:34
possible humans, genetically.
345
862892
1660
oko 10 na 10.000-ti mogućih ljudi.
14:36
That's between a googol and a googolplex.
346
864552
3468
To je negde između gugola i gugolpleksa.
14:40
And the number of the actual
humans that have existed
humans that have existed
347
868020
1616
A broj ljudi koji su zaista
14:41
is 100 billion, maybe 50 billion,
348
869636
2494
postojali je između 50 i 100 milijardi,
14:44
an infinitesimal fraction, so all of us,
349
872130
2065
zanemarljiv deo, tako da smo
14:46
we've won this amazing cosmic lottery.
350
874195
1930
svi dobili kosmičku lutriju.
14:48
We're here. Okay.
351
876125
2119
Tu smo. Dobro.
14:50
So what kind of reality do we want to live in?
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U kakvoj onda stvarnosti želimo da živimo?
14:53
Do we want to live in a special reality?
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Je li to neka od posebnih stvarnosti?
14:55
What if we were living in the
most elegant possible reality?
most elegant possible reality?
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Šta bi bilo da živimo u
najelegantijoj mogućoj stvarnosti?
najelegantijoj mogućoj stvarnosti?
14:59
Imagine the existential pressure on us
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Zamislite egzstencijalni pritisak
15:02
to live up to that, to be elegant,
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da ispunimo očekivanja, da budemo
15:03
not to pull down the tone of it.
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elegantni, da ne kvarimo prosek.
15:05
Or, what if we were living
in the fullest possible reality?
in the fullest possible reality?
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Ili, šta bi bilo da živimo
u najpotpunijoj mogućoj stvarnosti?
u najpotpunijoj mogućoj stvarnosti?
15:08
Well then our existence would be guaranteed,
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Onda bi zasigurno postojali
15:10
because every possible thing
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jer u toj stvarnosti
15:12
exists in that reality,
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postoji sve što je moguće,
15:14
but our choices would be meaningless.
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ali bi naši izbori bili beznačajni.
15:16
If I really struggle morally and agonize
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Ako se patim da postupim moralno
15:19
and I decide to do the right thing,
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i odlučim da učinim pravu stvar,
15:21
what difference does it make,
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nema nikakve veze
15:22
because there are an infinite number
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jer postoji beskrajan broj
15:24
of versions of me
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verzija mene koje
15:25
also doing the right thing
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takođe postupaju ispravno
i beskrajan broj onih koje postupaju
15:26
and an infinite number doing the wrong thing.
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15:28
So my choices are meaningless.
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pogrešno.
Znači da su izbori koje
Znači da su izbori koje
15:30
So we don't want to live in that special reality.
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pravim beznačajni.
Dakle, ne želimo da živimo
Dakle, ne želimo da živimo
15:32
And as for the special reality of nothingness,
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u takvoj posebnoj stvarnosti.
Što se tiče ništavila,
Što se tiče ništavila,
15:35
we wouldn't be having this conversation.
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u tom slučaju ne bismo sad razgovarali.
15:37
So I think living in a generic reality that's mediocre,
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Tako da mislim da život
u običnoj stvarnosti koja je osrednja,
u običnoj stvarnosti koja je osrednja,
15:44
there are nasty bits and nice bits
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sa dobrim i lošim delovima,
15:46
and we could make the nice bits bigger
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gde bi povećali dobre delove
15:47
and the nasty bits smaller
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i smanjili loše,
15:50
and that gives us a kind of purpose in life.
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to bi moglo da da neku svrhu našem životu.
15:53
The universe is absurd,
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Univerzum je apsurdan,
15:54
but we can still construct a purpose,
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ali opet možemo da mu damo svrhu,
15:56
and that's a pretty good one,
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a ova nije loša,
15:57
and the overall mediocrity of reality
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a i opšta osrednjost stvarnosti
15:59
kind of resonates nicely with the mediocrity
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ide rame uz rame sa osrednjosti
16:02
we all feel in the core of our being.
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koju osećamo u sebi.
16:04
And I know you feel it.
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Znam da je osećate.
16:06
I know you're all special,
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Znam da ste svi
16:07
but you're still kind of secretly mediocre,
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posebni, ali ste opet potajno osrednji,
16:09
don't you think?
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zar ne?
16:11
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smeh) (Aplauz)
16:13
So anyway, you may say, this
puzzle, the mystery of existence,
puzzle, the mystery of existence,
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Sad možda mislite da je
sva ta priča o tajni postojanja
sva ta priča o tajni postojanja
16:17
it's just silly mystery-mongering.
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samo prodavanje magle.
16:18
You're not astonished at the existence of the universe
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Ne čudi vas postojanje univerzuma,
16:22
and you're in good company.
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i tu ste u dobrom društvu.
16:24
Bertrand Russell said,
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Bertrand Rasel je izjavio:
16:26
"I should say the universe is just there, and that's all."
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,,Rekao bih da svemir postoji,
i to je to.''
i to je to.''
16:30
Just a brute fact.
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Jednostavna činjenica.
16:31
And my professor at Columbia, Sidney Morgenbesser,
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Sidni Morgenbeser,
koji mi je predavao na univerzitetu
koji mi je predavao na univerzitetu
16:34
a great philosophical wag,
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1709
Kolumbija, veliki filozof,
16:35
when I said to him, "Professor Morgenbesser,
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je na pitanje: ,,Profesore
16:37
why is there something rather than nothing?"
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Morgenbeser,
zašto postoji nešto, a ne ništa?''
zašto postoji nešto, a ne ništa?''
16:40
And he said, "Oh, even if there was nothing,
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odgovorio: ,,Pa i da ne postoji ništa,
16:42
you still wouldn't be satisfied."
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1996
opet vam ne bi bilo po volji.''
16:44
So — (Laughter) — okay.
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Znači - (Smeh) - OK.
16:47
So you're not astonished. I don't care.
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Znači niste zapanjeni. Baš me briga.
16:50
But I will tell you something to conclude
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Ali ću vam za kraj reći nešto
16:53
that I guarantee you will astonish you,
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što če vas sigurno zapanjiti,
16:55
because it's astonished all of the brilliant,
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jer je zapanjilo sve genijalne,
divne ljude
divne ljude
16:58
wonderful people I've met at this TED conference,
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koje sam upoznao na ovoj konferenciji,
17:00
when I've told them, and it's this:
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a to je sledeće:
17:02
Never in my life have I had a cell phone.
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Nikad u životu nisam imao mobilni telefon.
17:07
Thank you.
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Hvala na pažnji.
17:09
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smeh) (Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jim Holt - Writer and philosopherWhy is there something rather than nothing? In his book "Why Does the World Exist?" Jim Holt dares to ask.
Why you should listen
In his 2012 book Why Does the World Exist?: An Existential Detective Story, Jim Holt creates a narrative out of one of the biggest questions we can ask -- and how modern scientists and philosophers are asking it. Can answers be found in many-worlds theory, in quantum mechanics, in a theology? Traveling around North America and Europe, he talks to physicists, including David Deutsch; philosophers, including Richard Swinburne; and the novelist John Updike. Why? Because as he tells Vanity Fair, "To me it’s the most sublime and awesome question in all of philosophy and all of human inquiry."
A longtime contributor to the New York Times, Slate and the New Yorker, Holt has written on string theory, time, infinity, numbers, humor, logic, truth and bullshit, among other topics. Holt studied mathematics at the University of Virginia, and was a faculty fellow in the philosophy department at Columbia. He is now at work on a book about free will, weakness of will, self-knowledge and happiness.
Jim Holt | Speaker | TED.com