Tristan Harris: How a handful of tech companies control billions of minds every day
تريستان هاريس: كيف تتحكم شركات تكنولوجية معدودة بعقول مليارات الناس يوميًا
Tristan Harris helps the technology industry more consciously and ethically shape the human spirit and human potential. Full bio
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over a desk with little dials,
فوق مكتب به أقراص صغيرة،
in one of those control rooms.
steer people's thoughts?
is how the handful of people
of technology companies
what a billion people are thinking today.
تفكير مليارات الأشخاص اليوم.
or what's on the feed,
أو المتابعات الإخبارية،
of time in our minds.
it schedules you to have thoughts
a little bit of time
to get sucked into.
as this blue sky opportunity.
in a very specific direction.
driving the direction
for our attention.
of persuasive techniques
called the Persuasive Technology Lab
يدعى (مختبر تكنولوجيا الإقناع)
how much time you spend.
الذي تمضيه في المشاهدة.
الذي يمضيه الناس قليلًا.
more of people's time.
فستنظر وتقول،
you look at that and say,
all of my market share,
في الصفحة الرئيسية
all the videos in the newsfeed
like it's sucking us in the way it is
to the bottom of the brain stem
Snapchat is the number one way
(سناب شات) هو الوسيلة الأولى
the United States communicate.
في الولايات المتحدة .
text messages to communicate,
الرسائل النصية للتواصل،
a hundred million of them that use it.
a feature called Snapstreaks,
communicated with each other.
something they don't want to lose.
شيئًا لا يريدان خسارته.
and you have 150 days in a row,
وتملك 150 يومًا متتاليًا،
that that schedules in kids' minds.
الصغيرة التي تستحوذ على عقول الصغار.
when kids go on vacation,
عنما يذهب الصغار في عطلة،
to up to five other friends
كلمة المرور إلى 5 أصدقاء لهم
taking photos of just pictures or walls
التقاط الصور أو حتى الحائط
they're having real conversations.
gossip on the telephone.
is that in the 1970s,
gossiping on the telephone,
on the other side of the screen
على الناحية الأخرى من الشاشة
how your psychology worked
into a double bind with each other.
مع بعضكم البعض.
feel a little bit of outrage,
just comes over you.
of getting your attention,
doesn't just schedule a reaction
with other people.
مع الأشخاص الآخرين.
that they said?"
at getting attention,
between showing you the outrage feed
الأخبار التي تبعث على الغضب
to show you the outrage feed,
consciously chose that,
at getting your attention.
is not accountable to us.
ليست مسؤولة أمامنا.
to maximizing attention.
of advertising,
to actually walk into the control room
الدخول بالفعل إلى غرفة التحكم
into their minds."
who are most susceptible.
it's only going to get worse.
problem than this,
is underneath all other problems.
تحت كل هذه المشاكل.
and live the lives that we want,
ونعيش حياتنا كما نرغب،
that we have our conversations,
to have the conversations
have one of these in their pocket.
that we are persuadable.
into having little thoughts
ليحتوي أفكار صغيرة
that you didn't choose,
that that happens?
fundamentally in a new way.
لرؤية أنفسنا أساسًا بشكل جديد.
of human history,
في تاريخ الإنسانية،
self-aware Enlightenment,
we want to protect.
and accountability systems
نماذج ونظام مساءلة جديدين
and more and more persuasive over time --
وأكثر إقناعًا مع مرور الوقت،
to get more persuasive --
to what we want.
persuasion that exists
of the persuadee.
like the business model of advertising.
مثل النموذج التجاري للإعلانات.
this view of human nature,
الجداول الزمنية لمليار شخص،
of a billion people --
who have some desire
وما يريدون أن يفكروا فيه
and what they want to be thinking
وكيف يودون أن يتم إعلامهم،
and how they want to be informed,
into these other directions.
نحو كل هذه الاتجاهات الأخرى
into all these different directions.
the exact and most empowering
بالسلطة المحددة والأكثر فاعلية
for those timelines to happen.
الذي تحدث فيه هذه الجداول الزمنية.
against the timelines
wouldn't want to be happening,
not having the ding that sends us away;
ليس الجرس الذي يشتت انتباهكم؛
to live out the timeline that we want.
في الجدول الزمني الذي نريده.
cancels dinner on you,
قام بإلغاء العشاء،
want to schedule exactly one thing,
يريدون جدولة شيء واحد بالضبط،
you spend on the screen.
created a different timeline
المصممون جدول زمني مختلف
using all of their data,
مستخدمين كافة بياناتهم،
with the people that you care about?
مع الأشخاص الذين تهتموا لأمرهم؟
all loneliness in society,
wanted to make possible for people.
الذي يتيحه (فيسبوك) للجميع.
something supercontroversial on Facebook,
مثير للجدل للغاية على (فيسبوك)،
thing to be able to do,
that big comment box,
what key do you want to type?
ما الحرف الذي تريد كتابته؟
a little timeline of things
to do on the screen.
another button there saying,
time well spent for you?
underneath the item it said,
about something controversial,
عن أمور مثيرة للجدل،
empowering place on your timeline,
تحت سلطتكم في جدولكم الزمني،
with a bunch of a friends over
مع مجموعة من الأصدقاء
a find and replace
that are currently steering us
screen time persuasively
and all of this power
هذه البيانات والقوة
our attention to what we cared about
اهتماماتنا للأمور التي تهمنا
to have the conversations
to use our attention individually.
and coordinate it together.
اهتماماتنا وتنسيقها سويًا.
that a lot of people
أن يقوم العديد من الأشخاص
to coordinate their attention
a superhuman ability to do that.
most pressing and important problems
that we could create in the future.
وما يمكننا اختراعه في المستقبل.
right underneath our noses,
a billion people's thoughts.
أفكار مليارات الناس.
about the new augmented reality
تجاه الواقع المدمَج الجديد
and these cool things that could happen,
وهذه الأشياء الجذابة التي قد تحدث،
to the same race for attention,
لنفس السباق نحو جذب الاهتمام،
in a billion people's pockets.
بالفعل لدى مليارات الناس.
new cool fancy education apps,
kids' minds are getting manipulated
التي تتلاعب بعقول الصغار
back and forth.
runaway artificial intelligences
والذكاء الاصطناعي الجامح
artificial intelligence
maximizing for one thing.
الإخبارية لأقصى حد لغرض واحد.
to colonize new planets,
that we're already on.
for solving every other problem.
or in our collective problems
أو في مشكلاتنا العامة
to put our attention where we care about.
اهتمامنا في المكان الصحيح.
Hey, stay up here a sec.
مهلًا، قف هنا لحظة.
on pretty short notice,
إلقاء هذه المحادثة في وقت قصير،
لذا شكرًا لك.
what you complain about is addiction,
أن ما تشتكى منه هو الإدمان،
for them it's actually interesting.
بالنسبة لهم هذا بالفعل مثير للاهتمام.
that is fantastically interesting.
المستخدِم لتكون مثيرة جدًا.
than it ever has been.
I think it's really interesting.
إذا كنت (يوتيوب) مثلًا،
is if you're just YouTube, for example,
الفيديو التالي الأكثر إثارة.
the more interesting next video.
at suggesting that next video,
عند اقتراح هذا الفيديو التالي،
the perfect next video
في إبقائك متعلقًا بالشاشة.
at keeping you hooked on the screen.
our boundaries would be.
something about, say, falling asleep.
و(يوتيوب) والنوم."
are Facebook, YouTube and sleep."
هو أن البنية البشرية محدودة
is that the human architecture is limited
or dimensions of our lives
هل تستطيع توضيح الوضع
we've got a naïve model of human nature?
نموذج ساذج عن الطبيعة البشرية؟
in terms of human preference,
من ناحية التفضيلات البشرية،
that do an amazing job
التي تقوم بعمل رائع
of things that we really care about
of what we just instinctively click on.
التي نضغط عليها غريزيًا.
view of human nature in every design,
عن الطبيعة البشرية في كل تصميم،
is basically only asking our lizard brain
تستحضر أساسًا عقل السحلية خاصتنا
to just impulsively get you to do
time well spent for you?
that might include something later,
الذي قد يتضمن شيئًا فيما بعد،
here at TED in your last day here?
في (TED) في يومك الأخير هنا؟
and everyone said to us first up,
وغيرهما في البداية،
to optimize for your reflective brain
أن نحسّن عقلكم التأملي
that's an interesting word to me
هذه مثيرة لاهتمامي
two different types of persuadability.
that we're trying right now
and making an argument,
talking about a different kind,
even knowing that you're thinking.
وراء اهتمامي كثيرًا بهذه المشكلة
I care about this problem so much is
في (ستانفورد)
the Persuasive Technology Lab at Stanford
exactly these techniques.
that teach people all these covert ways
توضح للناس كل هذه الطرق الخفية
and orchestrating people's lives.
don't know that that exists
so many people from all these companies.
من الناس في هذه الشركات.
but my experience of them
no shortage of good intent.
is that these are evil people.
these unintended consequences
هذه العواقب غير المقصودة
عندما تضطر إلى الحصول على الانتباه،
when you have to get attention,
is to go lower on the brain stem,
هو أن تتعمق داخل الدماغ،
to go lower into emotion,
all get a little bit wiser about this.
على أن نصبح حكماء أكثر بشأن هذا.
TH: Thank you very much.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tristan Harris - Design thinkerTristan Harris helps the technology industry more consciously and ethically shape the human spirit and human potential.
Why you should listen
Tristan Harris has been called "the closest thing Silicon Valley has to a conscience" by The Atlantic magazine. Prior to founding the new Center for Humane Technology, he was Google's Design Ethicist, developing a framework for how technology should "ethically" steer the thoughts and actions of billions of people from screens.
Harris has spent a decade understanding the invisible influences that hijack human thinking and action. Drawing on literature from addiction, performative magic, social engineering, persuasive design and behavioral economics, he is currently developing a framework for ethical persuasion, especially as it relates to the moral responsibility of technology companies.
Rolling Stone magazine named Harris one of "25 People Shaping the World" in 2017. His work has been featured on TED, "60 Minutes," HBO's "RealTime with Bill Maher," "PBS NewsHour," Recode, The Atlantic, WIRED, the New York Times, Der Spiegel, The Economist and many more. Harris has briefed heads of state, technology company CEOs and members of the US Congress about the attention economy.
Tristan Harris | Speaker | TED.com