Alexander Wagner: What really motivates people to be honest in business
الكسندر واقنر: ما الذي يحفّز الناس ليكونوا صادقين في الأعمال التجارية؟
Alexander Wagner balances two passions: the thrill of seeking knowledge about fundamentals of human behavior for knowledge's sake, and the desire to apply insights in the real world and to improve the workings of markets and organizations. Full bio
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have you interacted with today?
that you work for or that you own.
التي تعمل فيها أو تملكها.
at least seven companies
large, public corporations
that looks at US companies --
تفحصت الشركات الأمريكية
that it's different in Europe.
وهذا يختلف في أوروبا
at both detected and undetected fraud
إلى الاحتيالات المكتشفة وغير المكتشفة
the shareholders of these companies,
في هذه الشركات،
380 billion dollars per year.
aren't quite so secret anymore.
of the American Finance Association
in his presidential address.
if you think about, especially,
put into its financial industry.
الملقاة على القطاع المالي
who actually remain honest
to start engaging in fraud.
like Michael Woodford,
مثل مايكل وودفورد،
about their companies.
like Anna Politkovskaya
to report human rights violations.
عن انتهاكات حقوق الإنسان.
to bring out the truth.
some insights I've obtained and learned
التي حصلت عليها وتعلمتها
of conducting research in this.
من إجراء هذا البحث
a scientist working with economists,
what makes humans tick,
of fraud in corporations
to the improvement of the world.
two very distinct visions
رؤيتين اثنتين مميزتين
behaves in their own self-interests,
يتصرف بمصالحهم الذاتية،
a narrowly defined concept
self-interested move here
والمهتمين بأنفسهم هنا
all this beautiful tableware.
كل أدوات هذه المائدة الجميلة.
disregard all consequences --
might not behave in this way.
and costs of our actions.
according to that code of conduct,
of getting a bonus payment.
if you disregard it,
of not getting your bonus
the corporation's principles.
powerful economic force, right?
قوية جدا، أليس كذلك؟
trust us more in the future.
out of his benevolence
الذين يستهلكون الخبز،
more future bread.
من الخبز في المستقبل.
who get caught up in media,
في وسائل الإعلام،
في القرن الثامن عشر.
because he's a good dog.
all this beautiful tableware.
are motivated like that,
and bonus systems and so on,
ونظم المكافآت وهلم جرا،
by different values perhaps.
have perfect hairdos,
very different views of the world.
to address this issue.
which are confusing in reality.
there is so much going on,
what drives people's behavior really.
ما يدفع سلوك الناس حقا.
like the one I'm holding up right now
terminal in front of you,
التي تظهر فيها علامة الذيل.
that you had a tails throw,
you get paid zero francs.
ستحصل على لا شيء.
in that situation?
and look to your right --
the person sitting next to you
at the university
and it's a fair coin,
that it comes up four times tails
علامة الذيل
of them are tails is much lower
علامة الذيل أقل بكثير
who did not say I had four tails throws,
الذين لم يقولوا كان لي 4 وجهات من الذيل،
if you say four than less.
إذا قلت أربعة من أقل.
by announcing zero.
إذا أعلنت عن حصولك على صفر.
the other people all were honest
higher or lower than what they did
أعلى قليلا أو أقل مما حصلوا
and here's another coin toss.
وهنا عملة أخرى مرمية.
like Adam Smith would have predicted.
كان آدم سميث يتوقع.
by certain intrinsic values
بقيم جوهرية معينة
so-called protected values.
ما يسمى قيم محمية.
where you're willing to pay a price
التي ترغب في دفع سعر لها
to withstand the temptation to give in.
الإغراء المعطى.
that's consistent with your values.
in the metaphor of our beloved dog here.
في استعارة كلبنا الحبيب هنا.
without violating our values,
دون انتهاك قيمنا،
we actually violate values,
predictive in these experiments.
تنبأ تماما في هذه التجارب.
of the population
a distribution around it --
we all are different.
above the average,
by lying by about 25 percent.
عن طريق الكذب بنحو 25 في المئة.
for them to behave honestly.
all these beautiful values, right?
هذه القيم الجميلة، صحيح؟
that richness in human nature
في الطبيعة البشرية
the workings of our organizations.
very, very different visions here.
to behave according to them.
characteristics, of course --
in line with your organization.
these protected values really come from.
من أين تأتي هذه القيم المحمية حقا.
looks pretty similar for men and women.
جدا للرجال والنساء.
for those who had studied economics
الذين درسوا علم الاقتصاد
around different age categories
how this develops over a lifetime.
كيف يتطور هذا على مدى العمر.
of future research.
that incentives work.
the right people
and then putting incentives in place.
ومن ثم وضع الحوافز قيد التنفيذ.
with the right values
مع القيم الصحيحة
to saving a lot of trouble
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alexander Wagner - EconomistAlexander Wagner balances two passions: the thrill of seeking knowledge about fundamentals of human behavior for knowledge's sake, and the desire to apply insights in the real world and to improve the workings of markets and organizations.
Why you should listen
Alexander Wagner has discovered that to most people, what matters is not only how much money they receive but also whether they behaved honestly to receive that money. As Swiss Finance Institute professor at the University of Zurich's Department of Banking and Finance, Wagner has taught corporate finance to thousands of eager students and hundreds of motivated executives, and he has helped shape governance systems of companies large and small. His recent research deals with how investors perceive managerial words and deeds … and with the stock market implications of the Trump election.
Alexander Wagner | Speaker | TED.com