Alexander Wagner: What really motivates people to be honest in business
アレキサンダー・ワグナー: ビジネスで人々が誠実に行動する動機とは
Alexander Wagner balances two passions: the thrill of seeking knowledge about fundamentals of human behavior for knowledge's sake, and the desire to apply insights in the real world and to improve the workings of markets and organizations. Full bio
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have you interacted with today?
that you work for or that you own.
あるいは 経営する企業と関わりました
at least seven companies
あなたが関わっていると
large, public corporations
that looks at US companies --
学術研究ですが
that it's different in Europe.
at both detected and undetected fraud
露呈の有無に関係なく
the shareholders of these companies,
380 billion dollars per year.
aren't quite so secret anymore.
of the American Finance Association
in his presidential address.
if you think about, especially,
put into its financial industry.
who actually remain honest
to start engaging in fraud.
like Michael Woodford,
人々がいます
犠牲にするリスクを抱えながら
about their companies.
like Anna Politkovskaya
自らの命を危険に晒す
to report human rights violations.
ジャーナリストがいます
to bring out the truth.
命を奪われています
some insights I've obtained and learned
of conducting research in this.
皆さんと共有したいと思います
a scientist working with economists,
経済学者や
what makes humans tick,
of fraud in corporations
どう解決すべきか
to the improvement of the world.
貢献をするために研究しています
two very distinct visions
ビジョンを共有する事から
behaves in their own self-interests,
誰しも私利私欲で行動すれば
a narrowly defined concept
self-interested move here
all this beautiful tableware.
美しい食器をめちゃくちゃにします
disregard all consequences --
無視するつもりは無かったのです
might not behave in this way.
and costs of our actions.
according to that code of conduct,
of getting a bonus payment.
if you disregard it,
of not getting your bonus
the corporation's principles.
powerful economic force, right?
評判はとても強い経済の原動力と言えます
trust us more in the future.
out of his benevolence
more future bread.
パン焼き職人について語りましたが
明らかになったことですが
who get caught up in media,
スーパースターです
いくつかの行動はただ誤りである
知っています
because he's a good dog.
食べようとはしません
all this beautiful tableware.
誤った行動だと知っています
are motivated like that,
行動すると考えると
ボーナス制度などは
and bonus systems and so on,
by different values perhaps.
動機付けされるのです
動機付けされているのでしょうか
have perfect hairdos,
very different views of the world.
私たちに見せてくれます
to address this issue.
実験といえる事を進めています
which are confusing in reality.
there is so much going on,
いろいろな事が起こっていて
what drives people's behavior really.
正確に知る事はほぼ不可能です
like the one I'm holding up right now
5フランコインが1枚
terminal in front of you,
that you had a tails throw,
裏面の出た数毎に
you get paid zero francs.
貰うのは0フランです
in that situation?
あなたならどう振舞いますか?
and look to your right --
右側と左側の方を見てー
the person sitting next to you
at the university
一般市民を対象にしました
and it's a fair coin,
4回投げた時に
that it comes up four times tails
of them are tails is much lower
2回出る確率に比べて
who did not say I had four tails throws,
申告しなかった事でした
if you say four than less.
by announcing zero.
机の上の20フランを残して立ち去るのですよ
the other people all were honest
人々が本当に正直だったのか
higher or lower than what they did
and here's another coin toss.
おっと もう1枚コインが
like Adam Smith would have predicted.
予想の通りには振舞わなかった という事です
by certain intrinsic values
動機付けられているようです
so-called protected values.
研究しています
where you're willing to pay a price
守りたいと考える価値が
to withstand the temptation to give in.
対価を払おうと思うのです
that's consistent with your values.
気分良く感じます
in the metaphor of our beloved dog here.
without violating our values,
ソーセージを手に入れられれば
we actually violate values,
predictive in these experiments.
この実験では予測に役立ちました
of the population
a distribution around it --
we all are different.
我々はみな異なるのです
above the average,
by lying by about 25 percent.
金額の価値を25%低く感じるのです
彼らにとっては75セントの価値であると
for them to behave honestly.
インセンティブがなかったとしてもこうです
all these beautiful values, right?
言っていません ですね?
that richness in human nature
the workings of our organizations.
興味があるのです
very, very different visions here.
仕向ける方法です
to behave according to them.
characteristics, of course --
in line with your organization.
選ぶ方法もあります
these protected values really come from.
まだ判っていません
自然発生的なものなのか
looks pretty similar for men and women.
非常に似通っている事です
for those who had studied economics
心理学を学んだ人の双方とも
around different age categories
how this develops over a lifetime.
判っていません
of future research.
という事です
that incentives work.
固く信じています
the right people
インセンティブを与える仕組みを作るよりも
and then putting incentives in place.
with the right values
to saving a lot of trouble
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alexander Wagner - EconomistAlexander Wagner balances two passions: the thrill of seeking knowledge about fundamentals of human behavior for knowledge's sake, and the desire to apply insights in the real world and to improve the workings of markets and organizations.
Why you should listen
Alexander Wagner has discovered that to most people, what matters is not only how much money they receive but also whether they behaved honestly to receive that money. As Swiss Finance Institute professor at the University of Zurich's Department of Banking and Finance, Wagner has taught corporate finance to thousands of eager students and hundreds of motivated executives, and he has helped shape governance systems of companies large and small. His recent research deals with how investors perceive managerial words and deeds … and with the stock market implications of the Trump election.
Alexander Wagner | Speaker | TED.com